nomad : repintro&ovarian physiol

NOMAD: REP PHYSIOL: INTRO & OVERVIEW

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REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY:

INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEWBy

Dr. M. Anthony David, MD

Professor of Physiology


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A DIVIDED HUMANKIND

MALE FEMALE


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WHY THE DIVISION? SRY

SPEG

S Region of the Sex Chromosome Y

A Single Pair Of Endocrine Glands

Testes or Ovaries!


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ARE MEN AND WOMEN THE SAME?

MEN ARE FROM MARS

WOMEN ARE FROM VENUS

THEY MET ON PLANET EARTH!

- John Gray


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GENETIC SEX DETERMINATION

MEIOSIS MEIOSIS

44XX

44XX

44XY

22X

22X

22Y

22X

22X

22X

22 XPolar Bodies

22 XPolar Bodies

44XX

44XY

FEMALE

MALE

OVA SPERMS22 X

22 X

22 Y

22 Y

ZYGOTES


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SEX DETERMINATION, DIFFERENTIATION & DEVELOPMENT

ZYGOTE

BIPOTENTIALPRIMORDIA

22X

22X

44XY 44

XX

MIS

T

FEMALE INTGENITALIA

DHTMALEINT & EXT

GENITALIA

T

FEMALE INTGENITALIA

MALE

FEMALE

EMBRYONALGONADS

22 Y 22 X


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SEX DETERMINATION, DIFFERENTIATION & DEVELOPMENT

ADULTGONADSTESTIS

OVARY

DHT ESTROGENS

SECONDARYSEXUAL

CHARACTERISTICS


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GONADAL DEVELOPMENT

CORTEX MEDULLA

INDIFFERENT GONAD

TESTIS OVARY

PRIMORDIALGONAD

Effect of SRY

BYDEFAULT


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DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITALIA

INDIFFERENT STAGE

VII – VIIIth WEEK OF INTRA UTERINE LIFE: differentiation begins

XIIth WEEK OF I.U.L: Differentiation becomes clear.


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GENETIC SEX DETERMINATION ABERRATIONS

MATERNAL NON DISJUNCTION:TURNER’S SYNDROME OR GONADAL

DYSGENESIS: GENOME: 44 XOSUPERFEMALE:? NORMAL: 44 XXXKLINE FELTER’S SYNDROME:

SEMENIFEROUS TUBULE DYSGENESIS: 44 XXY

LETHAL: 44 YO


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MATERNAL NON DISJUNCTION 1

44XX

22XX

220

22 X

44XO

22 X

44XXX

TURNER’S SYNDROME

SUPERFEMALE


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MATERNAL NON DISJUNCTION 2

44XX

220

22XX

22 Y

22 Y

44YO

44XXY

LETHAL: NOTCOMPATIBLEWITH LIFE

KLINE FELTERSSYNDROME


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HERMAPHRODITISM

TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM:XX/XY MOSAICISMHAS BOTH OVARIES & TESTES

PSEUDO HERMAPHRODITISM:GENETIC FEMALES WITH MALE

EXT.GENITALIA: ENLARGED CLITORISGENETIC MALES WITH FEMALE EXT.

GENITALIA


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REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY : an Overview:

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY : Basics

OVARIAN PHYSIOLOGY MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHYSIOLOGY OF PREGNANCY FETAL PHYSIOLOGY


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PHYSIOLOGY OF PARTURITION PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY CONTRACEPTIVE PHYSIOLOGY ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE

PHYSIOLOGY

REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY


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TIME

FOR A BREAK


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BACK TO LEARNING…


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OVARIAN PHYSIOLOGY

ByDr.M.Anthony David MDProfessor of Physiology


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THE JOURNEY OF THE PRIMORDIAL OVARIAN FOLLICLES

7,000,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

30,000

500

2, or 3

1

IUL: PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLESATRESIA, LOSS

AT BIRTH OF THE GIRL: NEONATE50% ATRESIA

INFANCY: 0 – 1 YearATRESIA

AT PUBERTYATRESIA

CHOSEN TO BE STIMULATEDBETWEEN 15 – 45 Years

COMPLETE THE II MEIOTIC DIVISION IN THE LIFETIME

RESULTS IN YOU!


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CONGRATULATIONS!

YOU ARE ONE IN SEVEN MILLION!


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OOGENESIS: FETAL LIFE

BEGINS IN FETAL LIFE OOGONIA ARE THE PRIMORDIAL CELLS

WHICH DIVIDE AGAIN AND AGAIN. THEY ARE ALL DIPLOID ALL THE DIVISIONS IN THIS PHASE ARE

MITOTIC. THE FINAL DIVISION, THE IST MEIOTIC ONE,

BEGINS IN THE PRIMARY OOCYTE


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OOGENESIS IN THE CHILDHOOD

THE PRIMARY OOCYTES CONTINUE THEIR MEIOTIC DIVISION THROUGH THE CHILDHOOD.

THEY COMPLETE THEIR FIRST PHASE OF MEIOTIC OR REDUCTION DIVISION AT OVULATION.


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OOGENESIS AT PUBERTY

THE PRIMARY OOCYTE COMPLETES ITS FIRST MEIOTIC DIVISION.

ONE SECONDARY OOCYTE AND THE FIRST POLAR BODY ARE FORMED.


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OOGENESIS: COMPLETION AT FERTILIZATION

THE PROCESS OF OOGENSIS IS COMPLETED AT FERTILIZATION.

THE SECOND MEIOTIC DIVISION IS COMPLETED AFTER FERTILIZATION

A HAPLOID OVUM AND POLAR BODIES ARE FORMED.

THIS OVUM MAY TAKE PART IN FERTILIZATION


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OOGENESIS: A SCHEMA


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FOLLICULAR GROWTH

THE FOLLICLES GROW ALONG WITH THE OVA IN THE OVARY.

THE STAGES OF FOLLICULAR GROWTH ARE:PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLEPRIMARY FOLLICLEVESICULAR FOLLICLEMATURE FOLLICLE (Graafian Follicle)


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MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE THE OOCYTE IS ENVELOPED BY

GRANULOSA CELLS: THECA GRANULOSA THERE IS AN ANTRUM FILLED WITH FLUID

IN THE GRANULOSA CELLS A STALK: CUMULUS OOPHORUS ATTACHES

TO THE OOCYTE AROUND THE GRANULOSA CELLS ARE THE

THECA CELLS THE MATURE FOLLICLE IS ABOUT 1.5 cms.

IN DIAMETER


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A MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE


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GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE TO CORPUS LUTEUM

FROM THE MATURE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE, THE OVUM IS RELEASED.

THIS IS THE PROCESS OF OVULATION, THE CENTRAL EVENT OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE.

THE FOLLICLE WHICH IS EMPTY OF THE OVUM DEVELOPS INTO THE CORPUS LUTEUM.


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GROWTH OF AN OVARIAN FOLLICLE


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FUNCTIONS OF ESTROGENS

ON GENITALIA: THEY INCREASE:BLOOD SUPPLY OF UTERUSTHE UTERINE MYOMETRIUMGROWTH OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES

ON BEHAVIOUR: INCREASE LIBIDO: THE SEX DRIVE

ON SODIUM & WATER:CAUSES RETENTION


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SYNTHETIC FORMS OF ESTROGENS

DIETHYL ESTRADIOL DIETHYL STILBESTEROL CAN BE GIVEN ORALLY INDICATED IN CASES OF POLYCYSTIC

OVARIAN DISEASE AND OTHER DISEASES.


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