noise & air quality nepa class september 2015 office of environmental services noel alcala, pe,...

Noise & Air QualityNoise & Air Quality

NEPA ClassNEPA ClassSeptember 2015September 2015

Office of Environmental ServicesOffice of Environmental ServicesNoel Alcala, PE, Noise and Air Quality Noel Alcala, PE, Noise and Air Quality

CoordinatorCoordinator

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Air QualityAir Quality

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Air Quality Regulations- Why do we do what Air Quality Regulations- Why do we do what we do??we do??

Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970 and 1990- protect and improve the Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970 and 1990- protect and improve the nation’s air qualitynation’s air quality

CAA requires development of State Implementation Plan (SIP) & CAA requires development of State Implementation Plan (SIP) & requires fed actions to conform to SIP’s purposerequires fed actions to conform to SIP’s purpose

SIP- Defines how States will comply with CAA and improve AQ SIP- Defines how States will comply with CAA and improve AQ (requires demonstration of “conformity”)(requires demonstration of “conformity”)

Conformity- project must not cause new AQ violation, worsen Conformity- project must not cause new AQ violation, worsen existing violation, or delay timely attainmentexisting violation, or delay timely attainment

Attainment- meets or is cleaner than AQ standards (NAAQS)Attainment- meets or is cleaner than AQ standards (NAAQS)

SIP explains the strategy for attaining/maintaining the NAAQS, SIP explains the strategy for attaining/maintaining the NAAQS, reducing air pollution, AQ management programreducing air pollution, AQ management program

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What air quality episodes led to What air quality episodes led to the CAA?the CAA?

A.A. Donora, PA- 1948Donora, PA- 1948

B.B. Poza Rica, Mexico- 1950Poza Rica, Mexico- 1950

C.C. London- 1952London- 1952

D.D. New York- 1953 & 1963New York- 1953 & 1963

E.E. All of the aboveAll of the above

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Which human system is most directly Which human system is most directly affected by air pollution?affected by air pollution?

A.A. CirculatoryCirculatory

B.B. DigestiveDigestive

C.C. RespiratoryRespiratory

D.D. NervousNervous

E.E. All of the above are equally affectedAll of the above are equally affected

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The primary responsibility for enforcing the The primary responsibility for enforcing the NAAQS belongs to who?NAAQS belongs to who?

A.A. StatesStates

B.B. USEPAUSEPA

C.C. CongressCongress

D.D. FHWAFHWA

E.E. All of the aboveAll of the above

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Air Quality Pollutants required to be Air Quality Pollutants required to be addressed in your NEPA Documentaddressed in your NEPA Document

Carbon Monoxide (CO)Carbon Monoxide (CO) Ozone (O3)Ozone (O3) Particulate Matter (PM Particulate Matter (PM

2.5)2.5) Mobile Source Air Mobile Source Air

Toxics (MSAT)Toxics (MSAT) O3 and PM apply to O3 and PM apply to

certain areas; MSAT certain areas; MSAT applies statewideapplies statewide

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Air Quality GuidancesAir Quality Guidances USEPA/FHWA policies and guidance documents for PM2.5, MSAT USEPA/FHWA policies and guidance documents for PM2.5, MSAT

analysesanalyses ODOT Flow charts for PM2.5, MSATs, O3ODOT Flow charts for PM2.5, MSATs, O3 AQ Webinars: http

://epa.gov/air/oaqps/eog/broadcast.html#airdata021212 NHI WebcoursesNHI Webcourses

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Non-Attainment & MaintenanceNon-Attainment & Maintenance• Geographic areas that Geographic areas that

require specific air require specific air pollution controls, pollution controls, analysis, programs, analysis, programs, etc…etc…

• Nonattainment- worse Nonattainment- worse than the NAAQSthan the NAAQS

• Maintenance- formerly Maintenance- formerly in nonattainment and in nonattainment and under a maintenance under a maintenance planplan

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Baseline Transportation Conformity Baseline Transportation Conformity Requirements for PM and O3Requirements for PM and O3

All projects must be listed in the State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) and/or the Transportation Improvement Plan (TIP) (MPO list) for NEPA approval

See ODOT-OSPPM website for more details (STIP list, TIP list, STIP process)

Regional vs Project Level air quality requirements. Regional/Planning level PM2.5 and O3 addressed in

TIP.

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Carbon Monoxide (CO)Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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CO Analysis DeterminationCO Analysis Determination

Entire state of Ohio is now in Entire state of Ohio is now in attainment for CO since 3/5/14. attainment for CO since 3/5/14. CO is not an issue and no CO is not an issue and no analysis is required.analysis is required.

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OzoneOzone

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Ozone Confirmation Ozone Confirmation No requirement to perform project level analysis for No requirement to perform project level analysis for

ozone at this timeozone at this time Verify that the project is in the STIP/TIP- NEPA Verify that the project is in the STIP/TIP- NEPA

document can not be approved unless in STIP/TIPdocument can not be approved unless in STIP/TIP Verify project scope has not significantly changedVerify project scope has not significantly changed Include discussion in NEPA document- is project in Include discussion in NEPA document- is project in

Non-Attainment or maintenance for ozone?Non-Attainment or maintenance for ozone?

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Particulate Matter Particulate Matter (PM)(PM)

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PM 2.5PM 2.5 PM2.5- (soil, dust, vehicle emiss, PM2.5- (soil, dust, vehicle emiss,

smokestacks, etc) focus is on diesel smokestacks, etc) focus is on diesel trucks/emissionstrucks/emissions

Applies to nonattainment areasApplies to nonattainment areas Nonexempt projects with ADT>=125,000 and Nonexempt projects with ADT>=125,000 and

diesels>=8% AND diesels>=8% AND there is a significant increase in the number of diesel trucks fromfrom DYNB to DYB

Estimation of future PM2.5 concentrationsEstimation of future PM2.5 concentrations 12 ug/cubic m (annual; was 15ug/cubic m); 35 12 ug/cubic m (annual; was 15ug/cubic m); 35

ug/cubic m (24 hr) thresholdsug/cubic m (24 hr) thresholds Dispersion modeling required- MOVES and Dispersion modeling required- MOVES and

AERMOD (AMS/EPA Reg Model)AERMOD (AMS/EPA Reg Model) Follow USEPA Quantitative PM2.5 Hotspot Follow USEPA Quantitative PM2.5 Hotspot

Guidance dated 12/12 and Guidance dated 12/12 and updated PM2.5 updated PM2.5 process flowchartprocess flowchart

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Dispersion modeling is the…..Dispersion modeling is the…..A.A. Measured distance of pollutant dispersion for a given sourceMeasured distance of pollutant dispersion for a given source

B.B. Method to estimate the ground level concentration of Method to estimate the ground level concentration of pollutants from a sourcepollutants from a source

C.C. Standard rate of pollutant dispersion at predetermined Standard rate of pollutant dispersion at predetermined atmospheric conditionsatmospheric conditions

D.D. Method for regional AQ policymakers to reach an AQ goalMethod for regional AQ policymakers to reach an AQ goal

E.E. None of the aboveNone of the above

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PM2.5 Project CategoriesPM2.5 Project Categories

ExemptExempt

Nonexempt and no hotspot analysis Nonexempt and no hotspot analysis requiredrequired

Nonexempt and a hotspot analysis is Nonexempt and a hotspot analysis is requiredrequired

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Projects exempt from PM2.5 Projects exempt from PM2.5 analysisanalysis

Projects could be exempt from PM2.5 Projects could be exempt from PM2.5 analysis under 40CFR93.126 list of analysis under 40CFR93.126 list of projects (i.e. intersection improvements, projects (i.e. intersection improvements, bridge replacements- no added capacity, bridge replacements- no added capacity, pavement resurfacing/rehabilitation, etc)pavement resurfacing/rehabilitation, etc)

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Projects not exempt from PM2.5 analysis Projects not exempt from PM2.5 analysis but do NOT require a PM2.5 Hot-spot but do NOT require a PM2.5 Hot-spot

analysisanalysisThese projects require coordination with OEPA, USEPA, These projects require coordination with OEPA, USEPA, FHWA- OES does this)FHWA- OES does this)Informational items to be provided to OES for coordination are P&N, Project Description, project sponsor, FY for construction, verification that project is on STIP/TIP, existing and design year ADT and truck %, and aerial mapping showing the preferred alternativeFor new auxiliary lane projects, <1 mile threshold

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Projects not exempt AND require a PM2.5 Projects not exempt AND require a PM2.5 Quantitative Hot-spot AnalysisQuantitative Hot-spot Analysis

When ADT>125,000 and diesels>8% AND eWhen ADT>125,000 and diesels>8% AND expansion of an existing highway that has a significant increase in the number of diesel trucks fromfrom DYNB to DYB

Follow USEPA PM2.5 Guidance ManualFollow USEPA PM2.5 Guidance Manual Pre-coordination with agencies to discuss approachPre-coordination with agencies to discuss approach Document coordination required with agenciesDocument coordination required with agencies PI requirement- Provide Hot-spot analysis report on project’s website with PI requirement- Provide Hot-spot analysis report on project’s website with

comment period and make report available for review and comment at NEPA PI comment period and make report available for review and comment at NEPA PI meetingmeeting

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The primary mobile source of air The primary mobile source of air pollution in the USA is what?pollution in the USA is what?

A.A. Diesel trucksDiesel trucks

B.B. AutomobilesAutomobiles

C.C. AirplanesAirplanes

D.D. Lawn mowersLawn mowers

E.E. MotorcyclesMotorcycles

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Mobile Source Mobile Source Air Air

ToxicsToxics(MSATs)(MSATs)

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MSATsMSATs Required under FHWA Required under FHWA Interim Guidance on Air Toxics Interim Guidance on Air Toxics

Analysis in NEPA DocumentsAnalysis in NEPA Documents (February 3, 2006, Sept 30 (February 3, 2006, Sept 30 2009 memorandum, 12/6/12 update)2009 memorandum, 12/6/12 update)

Priority Transportation Toxics- suspected cancer-causing Priority Transportation Toxics- suspected cancer-causing pollutants from vehiclespollutants from vehicles

Linked to heart disease and asthmaLinked to heart disease and asthma Statewide Implementation (all projects/counties)Statewide Implementation (all projects/counties) Three levels of potential MSAT effects (No, low, higher)Three levels of potential MSAT effects (No, low, higher) Project types and prototype language provided for each level Project types and prototype language provided for each level

of analysisof analysis Follow MSAT process flowchartFollow MSAT process flowchart

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MSATsMSATsNo Potential MSAT EffectsNo Potential MSAT Effects

No sensitive land uses within approx 500’ of the No sensitive land uses within approx 500’ of the project (homes, hospitals, churches, etc)- Identify in project (homes, hospitals, churches, etc)- Identify in the Project Initiation Packagethe Project Initiation Package

Exempt from analysis- NEPA exempt or CE C1 and Exempt from analysis- NEPA exempt or CE C1 and possibly CE C2possibly CE C2

Include prototype language (from FHWA/USEPA Include prototype language (from FHWA/USEPA guidance doc- Appendix A) in NEPA document guidance doc- Appendix A) in NEPA document

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MSATsMSATsLow Potential MSAT EffectsLow Potential MSAT Effects

Requires “Qualitative” AnalysisRequires “Qualitative” Analysis Capacity adding project with <140,000 DYADT, new Capacity adding project with <140,000 DYADT, new

interchange, new road, relocates lanes closer to interchange, new road, relocates lanes closer to sensitive areas, expansion of intermodal centersensitive areas, expansion of intermodal center

Provide project info and traffic info- Vehicles mi Provide project info and traffic info- Vehicles mi travelled (VMT), % difference betw Ex and DYBtravelled (VMT), % difference betw Ex and DYB

Required OEPA review and consultationRequired OEPA review and consultation Discuss results in NEPA documentDiscuss results in NEPA document

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MSATsMSATsHigher Potential MSAT EffectsHigher Potential MSAT Effects

Requires “Quantitative” Analysis- are there Requires “Quantitative” Analysis- are there meaningful differences in MSAT emissions meaningful differences in MSAT emissions between base case year, OYB, OYNB, DYB, between base case year, OYB, OYNB, DYB, DYNBDYNB

Confirm requirement with OES and agenciesConfirm requirement with OES and agenciesCapacity adding projects with DYADT > 140,000Capacity adding projects with DYADT > 140,000Requires air quality modelingRequires air quality modelingRequired OEPA review and concurrenceRequired OEPA review and concurrenceDiscuss results in NEPA documentDiscuss results in NEPA document

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Air Quality Requirements?- Example Air Quality Requirements?- Example ProjectsProjects

1.1. Project in DEL Cty with 145,000 DYADT is resurfacing and Project in DEL Cty with 145,000 DYADT is resurfacing and widening narrow pavements. What is required for PM2.5, MSAT?widening narrow pavements. What is required for PM2.5, MSAT?

2.2. Project in LOR Cty is a widening from 2-4 lanes. DYB ADT is Project in LOR Cty is a widening from 2-4 lanes. DYB ADT is 130,000 and truck % is 15%. DYNB truck % is 16%. What is 130,000 and truck % is 15%. DYNB truck % is 16%. What is required for PM2.5, MSAT?required for PM2.5, MSAT?

3.3. Project in SUM Cty is replacing a bridge, no added thru lanes, DYB Project in SUM Cty is replacing a bridge, no added thru lanes, DYB ADT is 200,000. What is required for PM2.5, MSAT?ADT is 200,000. What is required for PM2.5, MSAT?

4.4. Project in CUY Cty is adding capacity on IR77. Ex 2015 ADT is Project in CUY Cty is adding capacity on IR77. Ex 2015 ADT is 150,000. 2035 DYB ADT is 180,000. 2035 DYB diesels are 30%. 150,000. 2035 DYB ADT is 180,000. 2035 DYB diesels are 30%. 2035 DYNB diesels are 15%. What is required for PM2.5, MSAT?2035 DYNB diesels are 15%. What is required for PM2.5, MSAT?

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