no tillage emater 2011
DESCRIPTION
Rafael Fuentes of EMATER presents no-till accomplishments in Brazil to Field Workshop organized by Project BreadbasketTRANSCRIPT
www.emater.pr.gov.br
Experience of No Tillage System in smallholder
farming - Brazil
Lutécia Beatriz CanalliAgronomist M.Sc. Soil Science
Dra Vegetal Production
Paraná
SC
RGS
Area (million ha) season 2010/11 Grain production No tillage PR 8,8 5,7 (65%)SC 1,4 1,1 (78%)RGS 7,4 3,8 (51%)Brazil 49,2 28,5 (58%)
Font: Emater-RS, Epagri-SC, Emater-PR, CATI, FEBRAPDP
Font: Emater-PR (bean, corn, soybean)Excluding 2nd season and winter cover crops
HISTORY1970’s – No tillage started in Brazil
1985 – the first no tillage planter with animal traction was developed by IAPAR (research institute) – called “GRALHA AZUL”
1992/93 – 31 Unities of test and validation of the “Gralha Azul” were established and carried in the small farms by EMATER-PR (official extension service), with FEBRAPDP (Brazilian Federation of No Tillage) support
RESULTS
PLANTER IMPROVEMENT
OTHER OPTIONS OF ANIMAL TRACTION PLANTER APPEARED
FEASIBILITY OF THE NO TILLAGE ANIMAL TRACTION IN SMALL FARM
INCENTIVES and STRATEGIES to NO TILLAGE ADOPTION
Governmental Programs:
Communitary aquisition of equipments: planter, knife roller and sprayer Capacitation of farmers and technicians: Courses, Meetings, Field days
Partnership between research and extension
Farmer as a protagonist of the process
No Tillage in small farm
Animal traction
Low power mecanization
Small farm:until 50 hectareafamiliar labour or esporadically hiredestablished values of benefits and equipmentsestablished profit by year
SMALL FARM CARACTERISTICS
Soil with low agricultural aptitude (strong declivity, low fertility, stones)
Low capitalization and difficulty to access financial credit
Difficulty to access technical information
Inadequated utilization of imputs, plants rotation and conservacionist practices
In order to preserve the natural resources, to improve the productivity, the income and the quality life of the farmers and their families, all the governmental programs and projects envolving grain production have as base the No Tillage System.
Grains Project of Bean and CornCenter South Region
It is a partnership between Government of Parana State, through EMATER-PR (official extension service) and the Multinational SYNGENTA, with support of Brazilian Federation of No Tillage on Cover Crop Residues, IAPAR, UEPG, EMBRAPA.
Grains Project of Bean and CornCenter South Region
Embraces: 43 municipalities in 7 regions 125 demonstrative unities 47 technicians envolved More than 2500 farmers capacited
DEMONSTRATIVE UNITIESArea: 1 hectare
Technology: adequated to the predominant system, having no tillage as base of sustainability of the process.
Methodology: groups around 20 farmers discuss the unities results and exchange experience among them and with the technicians in courses, field days and meetings.
GRAINS PROJECT OF BEAN AND CORNPARTNERSHIP EMATER-PR / SYNGENTA / IAPAR
Results of 64 Demonstrative Unities of beanSeason 2009/2010
GRAINS PROJECT OF BEAN AND CORNPARTNERSHIP EMATER-PR / SYNGENTA
Results of 50 Demonstrative Unities of cornSeason 2009/2010
The success of the agricultural activity is directly related to managing capacity of the farmer and suitable managment of the natural resources.
In the current agricultural system, which is very competitive, the small farmers cannot risk, they must carry their farms as a small company and the technologies must be extremly dynamic, integrated and easy to adoption.
Reasons to no tillage adoptionaccording to the farmers:
Reduction of labour (68%)
Reduction of soil loses (51%)
Grain productivity improvement (32%)
Font: Ribeiro et. al. 1997
The hardless work and the less labour utilization, allowed by the no tillage system, makes possible the introduction of other activities on the small farm, with consequent income improvement.
Limitant factors to no tillage adoption according to the farmers:
lack of financial resources to purchase the equipments
clogging of the residues on planter components due to unknowing in relation to planter regulation and cover crop managment
areas with stones
Font: Ribeiro et. al. 1998
CONCLUSION
Agricultural Policy – access to financial resources and credit
Participative process of research and extension
Farmers – active agents in the development proccess
Capacitation of technicians and farmers
Official research and extension service – well estructurated
CHALLENGES
Establishing new partnerships (City Halls, ONGs, Cooperatives, Companies)
Creating mechanisms to difusion and adoption of no tillage system
Capacitating technicians and farmers
Searching quality in the no tillage system
When the objective is to improve the agricultural systems efficacy, to minimaze the environmental degradation and improve the quality life of the rural communities, besides of generation and difusion of technology, it is necessary that the agricultural policies also be suitable to small farm reality.
Fone: (41) [email protected]