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Page 1: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 2: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hypercholesterolemia

<164 165-188 189-220 >220 <230 >=230 p

All-cause mortality

52 (67.5) 54 (72.0) 44 (57.9) 48 (63.2) 114 (69.5)

84 (60.0)

<0.05

CHD mortality

23 (29.9) 26 (34.7) 20 (26.3) 21 (27.6) 53 (34.6)

37 (29.8)

<0.05

304 patients (192 men, mean age 73.3+-5.7 years), mean survival time 1758.1+- 113.8 days

Cholesterol and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients

Age and Ageing 1999; 28: 313-315

Mario Bo, Umberto Fiandra, Gianfranco Fonte, Marco Bobbio, Fabrizio Fabris

Page 3: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Prospective cohort study, 5570

adults aged 55 to 99 years,

mean follow up 13.9 years

Page 4: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

CONCLUSION: Low

cholesterol level is a robust

predictor of mortality in the

nondemented elderly and may be

a surrogate of frailty or

subclinical disease…

Cumulative

mortality.5

.4

.3

.2

.1

0.0

2 4 6 8 years

Participants taking lipid-

lowering drugs were only

one-quarter as likely to die

as those not taking drugs

<175 176-199

200-226

>226

Page 5: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 6: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Il 42% degli eventi si

verifica nei pazienti con

precedente malattia CV

(10.4% della popolazione)

I pazienti con precedente malattia CV hanno un rischio assoluto di eventi

CV del 20% maggiore dei pazienti senza precedenti CV…quasi la metà

degli eventi si verificano negli individui con precedenti clinici CV. Questi

pazienti dovrebbero avere la maggior priorità per un’aggressiva

prevenzione CV..

Il 58% degli eventi si verifica

nei soggetti senza precedenti

clinici (89.6% della

popolazione)

Page 7: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

…all individuals presenting with an acute vascular event of any type in any arterial

territory irrespective of age in a population of 91106 in Oxfordshire, UK, in 2002-05

…2024 acute vascular events occurred in 1657 individuals: 918 (45%)

cerebrovascular (618 stroke, 300 TIA); 856 (42%) coronary vascular (159 STEMI,

316 NSTEMI, 218 UA, 163 SCD); 188 (9%) peripheral vascular (43 aortic, 53

embolic visceral or limb ischemia, 92 critical limb ischemia)…event and incidence

rates rose steeply with age in all arterial territories, with 80% cerebrovascular, 73%

coronary and 78% peripheral vascular events in 12886 (14%) individuals aged

65 years or older; and 54%, 47% and 56%, respectively, in the 5919 (6%) aged

75 years or older….although case fatality rates increased with age, 47% of non-

fatal events occurred at age 75 years or older

Page 8: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 9: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 10: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

65+ year older (mean age 78.5 years) MI survivors

Page 11: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

CHD, non-fatal MI, fatal/non fatal stroke

CHD death or non-fatal MI

Fatal/non-fatal stroke

5804 patients (2804 men), 70-82 years with

history of, or risk factors for, vascular disease

Pravastatin 40 mg/day vs placebo, follow-up

3.2 years

Page 12: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

9 trials, 19569

pazienti, range età

basale 65-82 anni

RRR 22%, NNT 28

(A)

(B)

RRR 30%, NNT 34

Bayesian Forest Plot for All-Cause Mortality (A)

and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality (B)Bayesian Forest Plot for Non-Fatal MI (C)

RRR 26%, NNT 28

(C)

RRR 25%, NNT 58

Bayesian Forest Plot for Stroke (D)

(D)

Page 13: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 14: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Studio osservazionale su 7220 pazienti con CAD definita angiograficamente, seguiti per

un periodo di 3.3 anni in relazione all’uso di statine in rapporto all’età

Mortalità in pazienti che assumevano

(colonne bianche) e non assumevano

(colonne nere) statine

Analisi multivariata dell’effetto delle

statine sulla mortalità complessiva

nei pazienti di 80+ anni

Page 15: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Studio osservazionale su pazienti >80 anni con diagnosi di IMA tra il 1999 e il 2003. Analisi di sopravvivenza ed eventi in relazione all’uso di statine sul campione totale (popolazione A, 14907 pazienti) e dopo aver escluso quelli deceduti entro 14 giorni (popolazione B) ed entro un anno (popolazione C)

Page 16: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

35903 Get With the Guidelines-CAD patients aged >=65 years (median age 76.2), 24367 of whom (67.9%) discharged on statin; propensity score weighting analysis

Page 17: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Retrospective observational study

on 2597 community-dwelling

patients (mean age 84 years) with

a previous hospitalization for CAD

In conclusion, in community-dwelling frail older patients with CAD, statin treatment was significantly

associated with reduced 3-year mortality rate irrespective of age and multidimensional impairment,

although the frailest patients were less likely to be treated with statins

Page 18: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Recommendations for the treatment of dyslipidemia in older adults

Treatment with statins is recommended for older adults with established CVD in the same way as for younger patients I

Page 19: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

In individuals with clinical ASCVD >75 years of age it is

reasonable to evaluate the potential for ASCVD risk-

reduction benefits and for adverse effects, DDIs and to consider

patient preferences, when initiating a moderate or high-

intensity statin.

NHLBIExpert opinion

ACC/AHA

COR IIa

Page 20: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 21: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 22: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of STATINS

Tmax

hours

Bioav

%

Lipophil Protein

bind.

Metab.

pathw.

Active

metab.

T 1/2

hours

Urinary/

Fecal

excret.

ATORVA 2-3 12 Yes 80-90 CYP 3A4 Yes 15-30 2/70

FLUVA 0.5-1 20-30 Yes >99 CYP 2C9 No 0.5-2 6/90

PRAVA 1-1.5 18 No 43-55 Sulfation No 1-3 20/71

SIMVA 1-2.5 5 Yes 94-98 CYP 3A4/5 Yes 2-3 13/58

ROSUVA 3 20 No 88 CYP 2C9 Yes

(minor)

21 10/90

Pharmacol.Ther. 1999, 84, 413-428 J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2002, 42, 963-970

CYP3A4

Amiodarone

Clarithromicin, Erythromicin

Cyclosporine

Diltiazem, Nifedipine, Verapamile, Lacidipine

Itraconazole, Ketoconazole

Midazolam

Nefazodone

Quinidine

Sildenafil

Warfarin

CYP2C9

Alprenolol

Diclofenac

Fluvastatin

Phenitoin

Tolbutamide

Warfarin

Page 23: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

..il rischio di rabdomiolisi è principalmente determinato dalla dose di statina

piuttosto che dall’entità della riduzione del colesterolo LDL…

.. il maggior determinante del beneficio associato all’uso delle statine è

l’entità della riduzione del colesterolo LDL piuttosto che il tipo o la dose di

statina usata… il maggior determinante della tossicità (peraltro assai

modesta) delle statine non è l’entità della riduzione del colesterolo LDL quanto

la dose di statina usata… sembra pertanto prudente non usare dosi di

statine superiori a quelle necessarie a raggiungere l’obiettivo LDL

desiderato

Page 24: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Major CV events

In-hospital death

Page 25: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 26: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 27: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Statine non compaiono nei criteri di BeersStatine non compaiono nei criteri STOPStatine non compaiono nei criteri PRISCUSStatine compaiono classe A nei criteri FORTA per pazienti con CAD

Page 28: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 29: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

Età

estremamente

avanzata e/o

ridotta

spettanza di

vita

Severe

comorbilità

irreversibili

Dipendenza e non

autonomia

Le statine nel paziente anziano con CAD:

NOa tutti e per sempre?

SI’

Page 30: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 31: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate
Page 32: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate

…one size

does not

fit all…

Page 33: No. (%) by total cholesterol, mg/dl Normo/Hyper ... - sigg.it · CONCLUSION: Low cholesterol level is a robust predictor of mortality in the nondemented elderly and may be a surrogate