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Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa. The “Opening” of Africa. Dr. David Livingstone: Explored the African interior GOALS : Abolish the slave trade Convert natives to Christianity. The “Opening” of Africa. Henry Stanley: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

NineteenthCentury Imperialism: Africa

Page 2: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

• Dr. David Livingstone:• Explored the African

interior • GOALS: • Abolish the slave trade • Convert natives to Christianity

The “Opening” of Africa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:David_Livingstone.jpg
Page 3: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

• Henry Stanley:• American

reporter that was hired to search for Livingstone after he had disappeared

• After finding Livingstone, Stanley began to explore Africa for himself

The “Opening” of Africa

Page 4: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

• Leopold II: • King of Belgium • Hired Stanley to

carve out a Belgian kingdom in the Congo

The “Opening” of Africa

Page 5: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

The Belgian Congo

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/MutilatedChildrenFromCongo.jpg
Page 6: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

• Leopold claimed that he wanted to abolish slavery & spread Christianity in the Belgian Congo

• NOT TRUE!

The Belgian Congo

Page 7: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

• Unable to read or write, the Congolese tribal Chiefs, unwittingly sold their tribe members into a lifetime of slavery for pieces of cloth.

• In return for "one piece of cloth per month to each of the undersigned chiefs, besides present of cloth in hand, they promised to freely of their own accord, for themselves and their heirs and successors for ever...give up to the said Association [set up by Leopold] the sovereignty and all sovereign and governing rights to all their territories...and to assist by labour or otherwise, any works, improvements or expeditions which the said Association shall cause at any time to be carried out in any part of these territories... All roads and waterways running through this country, the right of collecting tolls on the same, and all game, fishing, mining and forest rights, are to be the absolute property of the said Association."

The Belgian Congo

Page 8: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

• Exploited the natives by forcing them to collect sap from rubber plants

• 10 million+ Congolese died under Leopold’s rule

• Often viewed as the harshest treatment of natives

The Belgian Congo

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Latex_dripping.JPG
Page 9: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

• In order to correct Leopold’s abuses in the Congo the Belgian government took control away from him in 1908

The Belgian Congo

Page 10: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

Why Africa?

Page 11: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

Why Africa?• Why were European nations so

interested in colonizing Africa in the late 1800s?

• New markets• Raw materials & resources• Examples: Diamonds & gold

Page 12: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

Why Africa?• Why was Africa so easy to colonize

during the late 1800s?• Less technology• Disunity among African tribes

Page 13: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

The Berlin Conference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BismarckArbeitszimmer1886.jpg
Page 14: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

The Berlin Conference

• 1884–1885• Hosted by Otto von Bismarck in

Berlin, Germany• GOAL:• Avoid a large-scale European war

over the issue of Africa

Page 15: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

The Berlin Conference

• WHAT:• European nations agreed on a plan

for the division of Africa• Required the nations to notify each

other of territorial claims & to occupy the territory with troops

Page 16: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

• Boundaries of present day Africa were largely decided at the Berlin Conference of 1885

• Little thought was given to how African ethnic groups/linguistic groups were distributed

• Discussion Question: Why might this be a problem??

Page 17: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

South Africa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:TrekBoerPortrait.jpg
Page 18: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

• Boers (Afrikaners):

• Dutch farmers who settled at the Southern tip of Africa beginning in 1652

• First Europeans to settle in Africa

South Africa

Page 19: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

South Africa• The Boers gradually took over the

Africans’ land, established large farms & enslaved the natives

Page 20: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

South Africa• In 1815 South Africa was given to

Great Britain at the Congress of Vienna

• Conflicts between the Boers & the British ensued

• Main Issues:• Land and slavery

Page 21: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

South Africa• The British outlawed slavery in the

1830s• Resulted in the Great Trek• Great Trek:• Boers moved slightly north &

established 2 new states• Transvaal & Orange Free State

Page 22: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/LocationOrangeFreeStateca1890.svg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/LocationZARca1890.svg
Page 23: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

South Africa• Eventually

gold & diamonds were found in the new Boer states…

• People from all over the world flooded Africa in order to make their fortunes

Page 24: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

South Africa• The Boers

attempted to keep these “outsiders” out of Africa

• Led to the Anglo-Boer War:• 3 year (1899-1902) military

engagement between the Boers & the British

Page 25: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

South Africa• As a result of the

Anglo-Boer War, Great Britain gained control of the Boer States, including all of the diamonds and gold

Page 26: Nineteenth Century Imperialism: Africa

South Africa• The Results of GB’s Victory:• The unification of South Africa • The establishment of a white-

minority controlled society• Apartheid


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