Nile Basin Water Productivity:Developing a shared vision for livestock production

a workshop of theCGIAR Challenge Program on Water & Food

5-8 September, 2005 - Kampala, Uganda

Presented by Don Peden

Sudan Ethiopia Uganda

(with ASARECA, CARE, Egypt, FAO, ILRI, and IWMI)

Photo by A. Arden

Outline

• Description of the CPWF water-livestock project in the Nile Basin

• Workshop objectives

Improving Livestock Water Productivity in the Nile Basin

(Project description)

An activity project of the

CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food

Implemented by

International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

With management support from

International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

See project brochure for details

What is the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF)?

• Partnership: National and international research institutes, NGO and river basin communities.

• Problem: – Human population and demand for food increasing– 70% of managed fresh water already used in agriculture – Meeting demand for food will require more water unless

water is used more efficiently or productively.• Global Challenge: to identify ways and means to

produce more food without using more water.• River Basins: Yellow, Indo-Gangetic, São Francisco,

Limpopo, Volta, Karkheh, Mekong, several in the Andes, and the Nile.

• More information: www.waterforfood.org

Why livestock & water in the Nile?

• The Nile:– 3.3 million km2 - 10 riparian countries.– 180 million people. – 200+ million cattle, sheep, goats, camels & equines.– Water for animal feed and human food about equal.

> 50 billion m3 of water each

– Poorly managed animals contribute to degradation and contamination of water resources.

– Livestock contribute 10 to 40% of agricultural GDP.– Livestock need and affect water resources but are

mostly ignored in water resources development.– Integrated livestock & water management can enable

equitable, productive and sustainable use of Nile water.

Livestock in the Nile River Basin

• High animal densities are found in diverse production systems Sudan, Ethiopia, Egypt and around Lake Victoria

EGYPT

SUDAN

LAKE VICTORIA

ETHIOPIA

Livestock in the Nile River Basin

Livestock TLUs in the Nile part of the 10 riparian countries. COUNTRY Million

TLU Country Million

TLU Sudan 23.2 Tanzania 4.8

Ethiopia 11.7 Rwanda 0.6

Egypt 6.5 Eritrea 0.6

Kenya 5.3 Burundi 0.3

Uganda 5.2 Congo 0.1 Source: ILRI data base TOTAL 58.4

One TLU = 250 kg of live animal weight (equivalent to total weight of about 4 people)

What is livestock-water productivity?

• LWP = ratio of total value of livestock products and services to water depleted in in producing them.

• Animal products and services include meat, milk, hides, eggs, manure, blood & farm power.

• Water depletion is water that has been used and cannot be re-used again by the same or another user (evaporation, transpiration and discharge).

• Based on water accounting principles.

> Apply water accounting approach > Promote transpiration > Limit non-beneficial evaporation and discharge

OUTUTSMeatMilk

HidesPower

ManureWealthCulture

In -

flo

w

Rain

Surface In-flow

Run-off & Discharge

Evaporation

Trees

Pasture

Food crops

Tra

nspi

ratio

nDrinking

Improvedwatering &

grazingstrategies

Improvedfeed sourcing

strategies

Infiltration & ground water recharge

Animalproductivityenhancing strategies

Dep

letio

n

Non-Beneficialoutputs

LWP: Balanced application of three strategies needed

What management practices can improve livestock-water productivity?

Examples of feed sourcing and marketing strategies• Make maximum sustainable use of

rainfed crop residues.• Promote markets for crop residues and

by products from irrigation systems

What management practices can improve livestock-water productivity?

Examples of improved watering

• Separate animals from domestic water sources.• Improved animal watering practices with proper

drinking troughs to protect wells.

What management practices can improve livestock-water productivity?

Example of improved grazing

• Shift from un-controlled grazing to zero grazing.

What management practices can improve livestock-water productivity?

Examples of enhancing animal productivity

• Provide veterinary care to control water-borne zoonotic diseases

• Utilize indigenous breeds adapted to water stress

Uganda - Ankole Sudan - Kenana

What is the role of Uganda?

• Makerere University and NARO• Enhance understanding of livestock needs

for and impact on water in:– Uganda’s livestock corridor– Mixed crop-livestock systems near L. Victoria– Urban and peri-urban area.

• Contribute to a synthesis designed to identify win-win options for Nile countries.

CPWF goal: more food security & less poverty through improved

Project objectives:• Increase livestock water productivity through better

policy, technology and NRM practices.

• Household and community based innovations that improve farmers’ and herders’ livelihoods.

• Capacity Build for integrated water & livestock development.

For the benefit of the peoples and countries of the Nile Basin.

How will managing livestock-water productivity help people and the

environment?

• Applying new knowledge about livestock water productivity through integrated livestock and water management will

• help ensure more productive, effective, equitable, and sustainable use of water resources in the Nile River basin.

Who are our partners?• ASARECA – Animal Agric. Research Network• CARE Ethiopia• Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization• Ethiopian Rain Water Harvesting Association• International Livestock Research Institute• International Water Management Institute• Makerere University, Uganda• Ministry of Science and Technology, Sudan• National Agricultural Research Organization,

Uganda• Nile Basin Society• UN Food and Agricultural Organization

Who are the investors?

• Denmark• European Union• France• Germany• IFAD• International

Foundation for Science• Netherlands

• Norway• Sweden• Switzerland• United Kingdom• USA• World Bank

Workshop Objectives

• To consolidate our multi-national research team• To achieve a common understanding of the

project goals and what our roles will be• To confirm the most important research questions

to be tackled• To enable the country and basin research teams

to implement their respective project components to share data and results.

• To start work with collaborators and stakeholders

Thank you!

• For more information, refer to the brochure included in your workshop folder.