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Annual Activity Report 2015 Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology FAISALABAD

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Page 1: Niab activity report_2015

Annual Activity

Report 2015

Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and BiologyFAISALABAD

Page 2: Niab activity report_2015

NIABAnnual Activity Report

Editors

Dr. Muhammad Hamed CS/DirectorDr. Khalid Mahmood DCS/Head SSDDr. Nighat Sarwar DCS/Head PPDDr. Tariq Mahmud Shah DCS/Head PBGDMr. Mujahid Hussain PS/Head ASD

Compiled byMr. Jafar Hussain SS, TSDMr. Umar Hayat Stenographer

2015

Page 3: Niab activity report_2015

Abbreviations and Acronyms

AARI Ayub agricultural research institute IPM Integrated pest management AEC s-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine ICP Inductively coupled plasmaAJ&K Azad jammu & kashmir ISO International organization for

standardization ASD Animal sciences division ISR Induced systemic resistance ATC 4 amino-1,2,4-triazole KGy KilograyAVRDC-BWB

Asian vegetable research and development center -Bean with benefit

LAMP Loop mediated isothermal amplification

AYT Advance yield Trial MAP Methylacetoxy progesteroneBLB Bacterial leaf blight MIC Minimum inhibitory concentrationBNS Breeder nucleus seed MRPL Minimum required performance limit BRI Buffalo Research Institute MYMV Mungbean yellow mosaic virusBTG-CAP Bovine thyroglobulin -chloramphenicol NCVT National coordinated varietal trials CAP Chloramphenicol NILS Near isogenic lines CFU Colony forming units NURYT National uniform rice yield trialsCLCuD Cotton leaf curl disease PAEC Pakistan atomic energy commissionCLCuBuV Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus PARS Post-graduate agricultural

research stationCLCuMuB Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite PCCT Provincial coordinated cotton trial CLCuVirus Cotton leaf curl virus PCR Polymerase chain reactionCMS Cell membrane stability PPRV Peste des petits ruminants virusCRP Coordinated research project PSC Punjab Seed CouncilDQA Directorate of quality assurance PSF Pakistan science foundationDUS Distinctness uniformity and stability PYT Preliminary yield trialEC Electrical conductivity RCV Reducing carbohydrate v-mediumELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay RSC Residual sodium carbonateEPS Exo-polysaccharide SAR Sodium adsorption ratioESC Expert’s Sub-Committee SI Severity indexETc Crop evapotranspiration TBL True breeding lines ETL Economic threshold level ToLCNDV Tomato leaf curl new Dehli virusFMDV Foot-and-mouth disease virus TSA Tryptic soy augarFSC&RD Federal seed certification & registration

departmentTSB Tryptic soy broth

FYM Farm yard manure TSS Total soluble saltsGC Gas chromatography VDR Veterinary drug residuesGDP Gross domestic product WUE Water use efficiencyHPLC High performance liquid

chromatographyYMD Yellow mosaic disease

IC50 50% Inhibition concentrationICARDA International center for agricultural

research in the dry areas

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C O N T E N T S

I. PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS DIVISION ................................................................1

Cotton ..........................................................................................................................1

Rice ..............................................................................................................................3

Wheat ..........................................................................................................................4

Chickpea ......................................................................................................................5

Mungbean....................................................................................................................6

Lentil ............................................................................................................................7

Tomato.........................................................................................................................8

Kinnow.........................................................................................................................9

Marker Assisted Breeding ............................................................................................9

Radiation Safety Services...........................................................................................11

II. PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ...................................................................................12

IPM and Biological Control.........................................................................................12

Insect and Food Toxicology ........................................................................................14

Plant Virology and Host Plant Resistance ..................................................................17

Induced Systemic Resistance .....................................................................................17

Fungal and Bacterial Diseases....................................................................................18

III. SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION..............................................................................................20

Bio-Saline Agriculture ................................................................................................20

Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition ................................................................................25

Soil Health and Heavy Metals Pollution.....................................................................27

Water Use Efficiency ..................................................................................................28

Microbiology of Water Resources..............................................................................29

IV. ANIMAL SCIENCES DIVISION ......................................................................................31

Animal Nutrition ........................................................................................................31

Animal Reproductive Endocrinology..........................................................................34

Veterinary Drug Residues ..........................................................................................35

Animal Health and Vaccine Production .....................................................................36

V. SUMMARY .................................................................................................................37

VI. PUBLICATIONS............................................................................................................39

VII. APPENDICES...............................................................................................................44

i. Research Projects ...............................................................................................44

ii. Scientists/Administration ...................................................................................48

iii. Promotions.........................................................................................................49

iv. Transfer/Posting .................................................................................................49

v. Retirement .........................................................................................................49

vi. Spot Examination of Future Candidate Varieties................................................50

vii. Foreign Visits ......................................................................................................51

viii. Local Visits..........................................................................................................52

ix. Training Courses and Workshops .......................................................................54

x. Farmer’s Days.....................................................................................................55

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FO R E W O R D

Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) has long term objectives to develop high yielding and stress (abiotic and biotic) tolerant crop varieties, to use compatible methods of IPM to control insect pests and diseases in crops, to develop strategies to conserve soil, water and environment, to increase animal nutrition, production and health and to produce M.Phil. and Ph.D. scholars in affiliation with PIEAS in applied field of “Biological Sciences”. All these objectives are interlinked with the aim to achieve food security in the country.

Plant Breeders succeeded in getting top positions in National Yield Trials for their candidate ndcrop varieties. A non-Bt cotton line NIAB-414 scored the 2 position in National and a Bt line NIAB-878

nd ndthe 2 position in Provincial Trials. Basmati rice line NIAB-1175 scored the 2 , salt tolerant coarse lines st ndST-9 and ST-10 scored the 1 and the 2 positions respectively. Chickpea lines CH541/05 and D75-09

st nd scored the 1 and the 2 positions respectively. Four tomato hybrids NBH-2, NBH-3, NBH-7 and NBH-25 scored top four positions in competitive trials at Punjab level and produced 22-40% high yield than

st ndstandard hybrid. Sesame mutants NIAB-Diamond and NIAB-Sesame-2014 scored the 1 and the 2 positions on national level. Entomologists and plant pathologists tested and screened out advance germplasm of crops against many insect pests and diseases to help breeders in the evolution of varieties. Scientists of Plant Protection Division reared farmer friendly beneficial insects sufficiently in labs and tested in vegetables that are heavily sprayed by the farmers. This bio-control technology reduces the number of insecticide sprays upto 70%. Ministry of National Food Security and Research got evolution of 55 under registration insecticides for efficacy & dose recommendations against insect pests. NIAB provided analytical services to 40 industries for analyzing pesticide residues, mycotoxin, microbes, heavy metals etc. in water and soil samples.

Animal Science Division provided 0.3 million doses of NIAB HS vaccine to the Livestock Department, Govt. of the Punjab for mass vaccination of large animals. Scientists in this Division are engaged in molecular diagnoses and development of vaccines for Foot-and-Mouth (FMD), Peste des Petits Ruminats (PPR), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), and Hydro-Pericardium Syndrome (HPS) diseases. Veterinary Drug Residue (VDR) Labs have cleared Proficiency Tests (PT) for chloramphenicol (CAP) analyses in meat and milk from Progetto Trieste Italy by ELISA. Documentation for ISO-17025 Lab Management System has been completed and under way for accreditation from PNAC. Soil Scientists are involved in developing techniques to reclaim saline soils and use brackish water through forestry, agro-forestry, salinity tolerant crops and grasses, nutritional and microbial management. These scientists reproduced thousands of salt tolerant plants and grasses (Acacia ampliceps, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Kallar and Para grasses) to provide to farmers, KCP-Jauharabad for energy parameters and to clean surrounding environment of Coal Fired Power Plant and NIBGE for its R&D. Phosphoric Acid proved economical and yield enhancing alternative to DAP. Scientists developed soluble mix fertilizers to enhance soil fertility and yield of crops, methods of Zinc fortification in wheat grains and devised 0.3, 0.1 and 0.2% concentrations of Zn, Cu and B micronutrients respectively for foliar spray to improve yield and quality of kinnow fruit.

All scientists and staff members of NIAB worked very hard as a team to achieve the goals of NIAB and PAEC. I appreciate and acknowledge their efforts. I sincerely thank the PAEC authorities for their moral and financial support throughout the period under report.

(Dr. Muhammad Hamed)Director

Page 6: Niab activity report_2015

The research work of Plant Breeding and Genetics Division covers evolution of different crop varieties of cotton, rice, chickpea, mungbean, lentil, tomato and low-seeded kinnow possessing higher yield potential, resistance to various bio-and abiotic stresses with improved plant architectures. This work is accomplished through integrated techniques spanning of conventional, mutational, bio-physiochemical and molecular assisted breeding. So far, 34 different crop varieties have been released for general cultivation and these varieties have contributed billions of rupees in nation economy. The first landmark achievement, NIAB-78, revolutionized the cotton production with its significant impact on the country's economy since its approval in 1983. Mungbean and rice varieties are covering 10-90% share in cultivation. The adoption of low-seeded kinnow is expected to boost the export to $1 billion per annum. DNA markers linked with resistant loci to wilt and drought in local chickpea are being validated.

Cotton

Maintenance of pure seed of approved varieties

2298 kg pre-basic seed of three approved varieties (NIAB-Kiran, NIAB-112, NIAB-IR-824) was produced and provided to growers and seed producing agencies.

Recommendation of NIAB-2008

A non-Bt line NIAB-2008 (derivative of NIAB-78 x REBA-288, with irradiated pollen @10Gy gamma rays) was

strecommended by the Expert's Sub-Committee (ESC) in 71 meeting held on 09.03.2015 for its approval by the Punjab Seed Council (PSC), Lahore. This line has desirable quality

-1traits i.e. GOT (37.99%), fineness (4.74 µg inch ), fibre length (31.16 mm), fibre strength (92.2 TPPSI), fibre maturity (80.50%) and uniformity (83.50%).

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Annual Activity Report 2015Plant Breeding and Genetics

I. PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS DIVISION

Scientists of Plant Breeding and Genetics Division

Field view of NIAB-2008

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Performance of candidate lines in national/provincial yield trials

ndA non-Bt line NIAB-414 attained 2 position in national trials stby giving 12% higher yield over the standard variety and 1

position in 1.25 acre trial at Punjab Seed Corporation Farm -1Khanewal by giving the highest yield of 3954 kg ha (25-53%

higher over the candidate lines). In Provincial Coordinated ndCotton Trial (PCCT), Bt line NIAB-878B attained 2 position by

-1giving 15% higher yield over standard MNH-886 (2712 kg ha ). -1NIAB-878B produced 3867 kg ha in comparison to standards

-1 -1MNH-886 (3657 kg ha ) and FH-Lalazar (3163 kg ha ) among 38 Bt candidate lines in 1.25 acre trial at Punjab Seed Corporation farm. Evaluation of candidate lines in adaptability yield trials

nd Evaluation of candidate lines (NIAB-414 & NIAB-874B) was continued for 2 year in different trials.

st ndHowever promising line NIAB-878B completed its 1 year in NCVT& DUS & 2 year in PCCT and 1.25 acre st

yield trial. Another upcoming line NIAB-1011/48 completed its 1 year in PCCT& 1.25 acre yield trials.Evaluation of promising lines in macro and strain test yield trialsIn Advance Yield Trial (AYT), NIAB-1-1 and NIAB-4-59 produced the seed cotton yield of 3498 and 3229

-1 -1kg ha respectively as compared to MNH-886 (3202 kg ha ). In preliminary trial, NIAB-51-37 produced

-1 -1higher seed cotton yield of 4036 kg ha followed by NIAB-51-36 (3633 kg ha ) as compared to variety IR-

-1NIAB-824 (2960 kg ha ). Among eight progenies possessing Bt gene, 1011-B/111 produced the highest

-1 -1yield of 5271 kg ha followed by 1011/246 (4978 kg ha ) and as compared to standard MNH-886 (3896

-1 -1 kg ha ). Amongst 6 lines evaluated in strain test yield trial, the highest yield of 4613 kg ha was obtained

-1from 1011B/48 followed by 1011B/246 (4553 kg ha ) showing 78 and 75% increase over N-Bt-2 (2590

-1 -1kg ha ) and MNH-886 (3106 kg ha ) respectively. In the background of Bt-gene, selections were made from different generations (F , F , F , F , F and back crosses). One locule bulk resulting from different F 2 3 4 5 6 1

populations was collected for further advances. Fresh crosses were made for incorporation of Bt gene and F seed was collected.1

Agronomic studies -1Planting density experiment showed that NIAB Bt-2 and Bt-1 gave best seed cotton yield of 3318 kg ha

-1 -1and 3275 kg ha respectively at 45 cm plant to plant distance by application of 100 kg N ha as compared

-1to standard MNH-886 (3155 kg ha ). Under moisture stress and nitrogen interaction, NIAB-Bt-2 showed -1better tolerance to moisture stress at vegetative stage in September by lesser N dose (100 kg ha ) as

compared to MNH-886 producing the highest seed cotton -1

yield (3772 kg ha ). Under split application of phosphorus, NIAB Bt-2 produced the highest seed cotton yield in two split

-1applications of P O (@70 kg P O ha ) at sowing and at 2 5 2 5

-1flowering as compared to standard MNH-886 (2886 kg ha ). With the applications of Zinc solution (ZnSO .H O @ 0.5%) and 4 2

boron solution (boric acid @ 0.1%) by foliar sprays at flowering (60 days after sowing), dense fruiting (90 days after sowing) and boll maturing stage (120 days after sowing), 3778

-1 kg ha seed cotton yield was obtained as compared with 2487 -1

kg ha (standard MNH-886). NIAB Bt-2 showed 70-80 % reduced bad opening of bolls by foliar application of zinc and boron solutions.

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Annual Activity Report 2015Plant Breeding and Genetics

Field view of NIAB-878B

AARI experts in cotton field

Page 8: Niab activity report_2015

Casterbean and sesamePre-approval studies of three castorbean lines (NIAB Spineless Mutant, NIAB Short Stature Mutant, and NIAB Castor-2015) were completed. Sesame mutants NIAB

st ndDiamond and NIAB-Sesame-2014 scored 1 and 2 positions in national trials and in adaptation trials, these mutants produced 15-20% higher seed yield as compared to standard varieties. Another mutant NS-2 scored top position in national trials and in adaptation trials produced 20-25% higher seed yield. The spot examination of NS-2 has been completed successfully.

RiceMaintenance of pure seed of approved varieties575 kg pre-basic seed of NIAB-Irri-9 was produced and supplied to various progressive farmers and government and private seed corporations.Evaluation of promising Basmati lines in yield trialsTwo advance lines NIAB-1114 and NIAB-1175 produced 13.4 and 19.4% higher paddy yield respectively over standard

-1Super Basmati (3542 kg ha ) at 09 locations in national trials. At uplands of AJ&K under low temperatures, mutant EF1-20-

-152-04 produced the highest paddy yield (4003 kg ha )

-1followed by NIAB-201001 (3430 kg ha ) and EF 1-30-39-04 -1

(3262 kg ha ). Mutant 201016 in AYT-I produced the highest -1 -1paddy yield (4513 kg ha ) followed by 201022 (4494 kg ha ) as

-1compared to standard Super Basmati (3604 kg ha ). In AYT-II,

-1mutant 1117 produced the highest paddy yield (4874 kg ha ) -1 -1

followed by line 1115 (4495 kg ha ) and mutant 201089 (4484 kg ha ) as compared to Super Basmati -1 -1(3802 kg ha ). In AYT-III, mutant 1129 produced the highest paddy yield (4360 kg ha ) followed by

-1 -1 -1mutant 1130 (3936 kg ha ) and line 1128 (3902 kg ha ) as compared to Super Basmati (3755 kg ha ). In

-1AYT-IV, line 1151 produced the highest paddy yield (4183 kg ha ) as compared to Super Basmati (3534 -1 -1

kg ha ). The highest paddy yield in AYT-V was obtained from line 2010108 (4076 kg ha ) followed by -1 -13822 kg ha (1166) as compared to Super Basmati (3518 kg ha ) and in AYT-VI, line 1279 produced the

-1 -1highest paddy yield (3396 kg ha ) as compared to Super Basmati (3227 kg ha ). Selection for adaptation to high temperaturesSixteen mutants/lines were selected based on physico-biochemical and agronomic parameters. Besides, 15 mutants derived from KS-282 (coarse rice) were selected based on seedling parameters.Selection for resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) diseaseOut of 54, eighteen mutants of Super Basmati exhibited resistance to the most virulent pathotype

-1(Pt-1) of BLB. These resistant mutant lines yielded 7-38% higher than Super Basmati (4125 kg ha ) under artificial inoculation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in field conditions. In M generation, 9 out 4

of 72 mutants (derivatives of Basmati-370) were found resistant to BLB and 47 progenies displayed moderately resistant responses. These mutants gave 12-57% higher yield than Super Basmati under leaf clipping inoculation of Xoo-isolates. Multiplication trials in rice disease areas were conducted to evaluate Basmati mutants for their response to BLB disease.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Plant Breeding and Genetics

Spot examination of NS-2

Field view of new line EF-52

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Annual Report 2015Activity Plant Breeding and Genetics

Evaluation of coarse rice lines in yield trials

In AYT, lines St5, St6, RH-195-22-1 and RH-198-13-1 produced 15%, 17%, 11% and 17% higher yields -1respectively over check KSK-133 (6400 kg ha ). In Provincial Yield Trial, PYT-2, seven recombinants, RH-

195-1-1-1, RH-195-1-2-5, RH-195-1-6-3, RH-195-4-1-2, RH-195-4-1-5, RH-195-25-1-2 and RH-195-25--11-3 produced up to 35% higher yield over check KSK-133 (6500 kg ha ). In PYT-3, nine recombinants, RH-

198-7-1-4, RH-198-19-1-3, RH-198-21-1-6, RH-198-23-1-1, RH-198-23-2-4, RH-198-23-3-5, RH-198-23--1

3-6, RH-198-23-3-7, RH-198-23-3-3, produced up to 15% higher yield over check KSK-133(6700 kg ha ). In PYT-4, four recombinants RH-216-4-1-B, RH-216-5-1-B, RH-216-15-2-B and RH-216-20-1-B produced

-11.6-13% higher yield over check KSK-133 (6300 kg ha ). Two recombinants RH-254-3-1 and RH-254-52-3

-1in PYT-5, produced up to 9% higher yield over KSK-133 (6700 kg ha ). In PYT-6, seven recombinants, RH-275-4-1, RH-275-1-5, RH-275-4-4, RH-275-4-5, RH-275-4-6, RH-275-5-2 and RH-275-6-2 produced up to

-121% higher yield over check KSK-133 (5600 kg ha ). In PYT-7, eleven recombinants were selected for

-1their better yield performance (8-26% higher) over check KSK-133 (5300 kg ha ). In PYT-8, the

-1recombinant MHR-B-12 produced 15% higher yield over check KSK-133 (5900 kg ha ). In PYT-9, ten

-1recombinants produced 4-52% higher yield over check KSK-133 (4800 kg ha ). In PYT-10, six -1recombinants produced up to 47% higher yield over check KSK-133 (3000 kgha ). In PYT-11, four

-1mutants produced up to 26% higher yield over check KSK-133 (4300 kg ha ).

Selection of desirable mutants/segregants from different generations

From different segregating generations of coarse and basmati rice (F -F & M -M ), about 4000 single 2 4 3 4

plants were selected on the basis of their better yield, earliness, disease resistance and other morphological traits.

Screening/evaluation of low phytate rice

Under PSF project no. PSF/NSLP/P-NIAB (149), four low phytate recombinants (LPP-5, LPP-6, LPP-7, and LPP-30) with improved germination were isolated and included in the preliminary yield trial. Besides, four BC F populations of low phytate were developed and screened for germination improvement and 1 2

two homozygous plants were isolated. For molecular analysis, low phytate locus was amplified by using the CAPs and inDel markers.

Wheat

Contribution of promising lines in multi-location micro yield trials

Two elite lines viz., NW1-8183-8 and NW-5-20-1 were contributed to provincial (Punjab) yield trials in both irrigated and drought conditions following early and late sowing patterns. These lines performed better in comparison to all the checks at all locations.

Evaluation of advance lines in station yield trials under irrigated and drought conditions

In six yield trials, 25 advance lines out yielded the local checks (Punjab-11 and Millat-11). These lines are ndunder evaluation in the 2 year wheat yield trials at NIAB. However, in three yield trials conducted

under drought conditions, 23 advance lines produced higher yield than check Faisalabad-08 and these nd

lines are under evaluation for their 2 year performance.

Preliminary evaluation of synthetic and exotic wheat in yield trials

Thirty nine synthetic lines along with three checks were evaluated in two trials. Of these, 9 lines surpassed the local checks. Besides, ninety superior lines (high yielding, water use efficient and drought & disease resistant) Australian bread wheat lines were evaluated for yield along with 10 local checks where 4 lines produced higher yields than local checks. Rest of these lines are being further evaluated.

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Screening of wheat germplasm for rusts

One hundred and eighty lines consisting of synthetic x bread wheat derivatives, exotic material and local advanced lines along with susceptible check (Morocco) were tested against stripe rust and leaf rust under field conditions. These lines are under second year evaluation and identified resistant lines will be used in breeding programme.

Screening of durum wheat for high yield

Twenty one advance lines surpassed the local check (Durum-97) in terms of yield in three yield trials. ndThese are being re-evaluated in the 2 year yield trials.

Raising of segregating generations

Different segregating generations of F , F , F and F with 112, 139, 132 and 132 crosses, respectively 1 2 3 4

were sown in the field. Single spikes from superior plants were selected and bulked crosswise following modified bulk population method.

Creation of genetic variability through conventional breeding and induced mutations

Crossing block consisting of 250 wheat lines was sown in field at two different sowing dates and 105 crosses were made to combine the traits like high yield, disease resistance and drought and heat tolerance. Seeds from 99 successful crosses were harvested.

For selection of rust resistant and high yielding plants, M populations (200 and 250 Gy) and (1.2 and 2

1.5% EMS) of three varieties (Inquilab-91, Sehar-06 and Galaxy-13) are planted in the field.

Introduction of new germplasm from ICARDA, Syria and Germany

Four populations (two bi-parental mapping populations and two association mapping panels) are planted in the field. One of the bi-parental mapping populations consisting of 114 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of hexaploid wheat was mapped with 900 markers. The other population consisting of 114 RILs of durum wheat, developed at ICARDA, Syria was mapped with 250 markers. These populations will be evaluated for yield and yield related traits under field conditions.

Among the association mapping panels, one consisting of 117 hexaploid spring wheat accessions assembled from around the globe was mapped with 2134 DArT markers (from Australia). This panel is under multiplication phase in field and the seeds will be available next season for different studies. The other panel consisting of 96 hexaploid winter wheat accessions whose seeds for multiplication have been provided to University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad for multiplication.

Chickpea

Maintenance of pure seed of approved varieties

690 kg pure seed of three approved varieties (CM2008, CM98 and CH38/04) was produced and 300 single plants of CH38/04 were collected for the production of BNS seed.

Evaluation of elite mutants/recombinant lines at station/multilocation yield trials

Six Desi and 7 Kabuli lines contributed to National Trials were evaluated at eight locations. Of these two st nd Desi lines CH541/05 and D75-09 got I and 2 position producing 13.3 and 12.8% higher yield over

-1 -1checks Pb-2008 (955 kg ha ) and Bhakkar-2011 (898 kg ha ) while in kabuli trials, NIAB lines gave 3-24% -1higher yield over check Noor-2013 (648 kg ha ). In Cooperative Yield Trial (Desi) conducted at ten

locations under both irrigated and barani conditions, 3 lines of NIAB gave higher yield than check -1Bhakkar-2011 (604 kg ha ) under rain-fed conditions. Out of 7 lines contributed by NIAB in Cooperative

-1Yield Trial (Kabuli) at eight locations, three lines yielded at par with check Noor-2013 (777 kg ha ).

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Annual Report 2015Activity Plant Breeding and Genetics

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On the average yield of five locations in Multilocation Yield Trial (Desi), 13 out of 14 lines gave 7.9 to 35% -1

higher yield over check Pb-2008 (1042 kg ha ). Out of 12 lines included in Advance Yield Trial (Kabuli) -1

conducted at five locations, 3 lines gave 2.2-18.5% higher yield over controls Noor-2013 (734 kg ha ) -1

and CM-2008 (689 kg ha ).

Out of 76 Desi and 46 Kabuli mutants/hybrid lines, 20 Desi and 14 Kabuli lines were finally selected from Preliminary Yield Trials and are being evaluated in Advance Yield Trials.

From 122 lines evaluated against wilt and blight in Preliminary Yield Trial, 31 lines were found resistant, 38 were highly resistant, 24 were tolerant while the remaining 29 lines were found susceptible. The material of PGRI gene pool (271 lines) was screened and all the lines were found susceptible to blight. Seventy nine cross combinations were screened in the F segregating populations against blight and 667 3

single plants were found tolerant to blight. From F populations of 41 cross combinations, 159 single 4

plants were found tolerant to blight.

Identification of drought tolerance for marginal lands under PARB Project 120

Eight advance lines (4 Desi and 4 Kabuli) were tested under rain-fed conditions in Micro Yield Trial at -1eleven locations. Three Desi lines gave 10.7-15.3% higher yield over check Punjab-2008 (1026 kg ha )

-1while three kabuli lines produced 3.3-7.2% higher yield over check CM-2008 (1007 kg ha ). In advance -1yield trial at nine locations, two Kabuli lines gave higher yield (11-17%) over check CM-2008 (689 kg ha )

-1while three Desi lines gave 4.5-15.4% higher yield over check Pb-2008 (1042 kg ha ). Five lines FG 0902, D075-09, D096-09, BKK02174 and K0039-09 are being evaluated in national trials.

Mungbean

Maintenance of pure seed of approved varieties

2309 kg pure seed of approved varieties NM 2006 and NM 2011 was produced and sold to different quality seed producing agencies and progressive growers.

Evaluation of elite genotypes in national/station yield trials

Distinctness, uniformity and stability studies of two upcoming lines NM 12 and NM 13 were completed in collaboration with Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department (FSC&RD), Islamabad. In national trials, the lines NM 12 and

-1 NM 14 produced higher seed yield (930 and 942 kg ha-1respectively) as compared to standard NM 2011 (919 Kg ha ).

In adaptation trial at five locations, MMH 11534 produced the -1highest seed yield (1203 Kg ha ) followed by MH 3153 (1147 kg

-1 -1ha ) and MH 34142 (1140 kg ha ) as compared to the standard -1NM 2011 (973 kg ha ). In advance yield trials, the genotype

-1MH 11056 produced the highest seed yield of 2718 kg ha -1followed by MMH 7112 (2529 kg ha ) and MH 11032 (2510 kg

-1 -1ha ) as compared to NM 2011 (1966 kg ha ). In preliminary yield Trials, the genotypes MH 12012 and -1 -1

MH 12014 produced the highest seed yield of 2103 kg ha as compared to NM 2011 (1844 kg ha ).

Selection of true breeding lines and single plants in segregating generations

On the basis of higher seed yield, disease resistance and other desirable morphological traits, eighty three true breeding lines were selected from different hybrid/mutated populations for further evaluation. A total of 963 single plants possessing desirable traits were selected from different filial/mutated generations.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Plant Breeding and Genetics

Field view of NM 12

Page 12: Niab activity report_2015

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Annual Report 2015Activity Plant Breeding and Genetics

Quality improvement in mungbean through inter-specific hybridization of Mung × Mash

Two mung x mash inter-specific lines MMH 16311 and MMH 16321 possessing improved grain quality were contributed to national trials. Of which, MMH 16311 produced higher yield as compared to NM 2011.

Research work under PARB Project No. 532

One hundred and fifty elite lines were evaluated and data on seed yield, MYMV resistance and other morphological traits were recorded. Out of that 60 top scoring genotypes will be finally selected after compilation of the data.

Research work under AVRDC-BWB Project

One hundred genotypes were evaluated under AVRDC-BWB project and 50 MYMV resistant genotypes were selected for Bruchid resistance studies.

Creation of genetic variability

Twenty fresh crosses were attempted and confirmed. These F hybrids were irradiated at 100 Gy and M1 1

generations were raised.

Socio economic impact of Mungbean varieties

A total of 2309 kg seed of NM-2006 and NM-2011 was sold during 2014 to Punjab Seed Corporation, different quality seed producing companies and progressive growers. Total area of 231 acres was sown

-1by NIAB mungbean varieties and an average yield of Punjab is 729 kg ha . Total production due to NIAB varieties (NM 2006 and NM 2011) was 68063 kg producing an income of Rs. 6.8 million (68063 x Rs.100/kg). The share of NIAB varieties is more than 70%.

Mungbean candidate lines

NM 9

A new high yielding, disease resistant and top bunching mungbean candidate line (Fit for mechanical harvesting) was

threcommended by the Expert Sub-Committee in its 17 meeting for final approval with the proposed name of NIAB MUNG 2015.

NM 9 was developed by crossing an exotic AVRDC genotype VC 1482E with local variety NM 20-21. Distinct features of NM-9 include top bunching fruit habit with curved pods, resistance to MYMV, light green calyx, purple pigmentation on peduncle, dark green canopy color, secondary branches with profuse hairs, profuse flower bud pubescence and is fit for mechanical harvesting. It also possesses good quality traits of bold seed size and shiny seed coat color.

Lentil

Maintenance of pure seed of approved varieties

Single plant progenies of approved varieties were raised for the production of quality seed and 120 kg seed was produced and provided to growers.

Field view of NM 9

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Performance of elite genotypes in adaptation/station yield trials

Four elite lines, i.e. NLH 062961, NLM 0637162, NLH 061631 and NLH 061815 were contributed in national trials. Adaptation yield trial of lentil was conducted at four locations in Punjab. Three mutants (NLM 061631, NLM 033852, NLM 033853) and two recombinant lines, (NLH 063011 and NLH 061673) exceeded 8-52% over standards Punjab Masoor 2009

-1 -1(800-1404 kg ha ) and Markaz 2009 (841-1339 kg ha ). In preliminary trials, NLH 12190, NLH 12202, NLH 12159 and NLM 12151 produced 35, 33, 24 and 24% respectively higher seed yields as compared to standard Markaz 2009 (1582-1715

-1kg ha ). Out of 173 evaluated in screening nursery, 36 true breeding lines out-yielded the standards -1 -1

Punjab Masoor 2009 (741-1333 kg ha ) and Markaz 2009 (606-1014 kg ha ).

Selection of true breeding lines and single plants in segregating generations

Thirty six mutants/recombinants were selected from advance generations for further evaluation. One hundred and fifty eight desirable single plants (mutants/recombinants) were selected from different segregating generations.

Creation of genetic variability

Four F hybrids were sown and confirmed in the field. M generation was raised by irradiating five 1 1

varieties/genotypes at three doses. Moreover, thirteen fresh crosses were also attempted.

Research work under PARB Project 212

Out of ten, four lines LPP 11025, LPP 11053, LPP 11122 and LPP 11144 exceeded 7-25% seed yield over standards in Advance yield trial-1 at seven locations. These lines will be contributed to national trials. In Preliminary yield trial-2 conducted at NIAB and AARI, ten superior genotypes were selected.

Tomato

Development of hybrids

Four hybrids NBH-2, NBH-3, NBH-7 and NBH-25 and one line NH-242 were contributed to national trials. The hybrids NBH-2, NBH-25, NHB-7 and NBH-3 scored top four positions in competitive trials at Punjab level producing 22-40% high yield

-1as compared to standard hybrid T-1359 (18.9 t ha ). Distinctness, uniformity and stability studies of seven hybrids (NBH-2, NBH-3, NBH-7, NBH-15, NBH-21, NBH-25 and NBH-28) and one advance line (NB-242) were completed. A new male sterile line MST1 with sporogenous male sterility (ms gene) was developed for rapid and cost effective hybrid breeding. For developing high yielding hybrids with attractive fruit shape and color, excellent combiners NB-242 and NB-243 were developed. For Alternaria alternata disease tolerance, donors/combiners namely Roma, Nagina and LB2 were developed. Pyramiding of late blight (Phytophthora infestanse) genes (ph-1, ph-2 and ph-3) was successfully done via hybridization in three-way crosses.

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Candidate line NLM 0637162

A view of tomato hybrid NBH-3

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Kinnow

Development of low seeded Kinnow (LSK)

Distinctness, uniformity and stability studies of LSK mutant (NIAB LSK) were completed. 24 promising LSK lines were evaluated on the basis of yield and fruit quality traits. The lines K4-38, K4-50, K2-51, K2-74, K2-76, K2-79 and K3-1 performed well. 40 LSK lines on the basis of early and late maturing traits and evaluated for seed number, fruit number per plant and fruit quality. Among these, 10 early and 8 late maturing lines exhibited better performance in term of seedlessness, yield and quality traits including fruit weight, diameter, height, volume, shape index, maturity index, firmness, juice%, total soluble solids, titeratable acidity and Vitamin C contents. Physico-chemical analysis of the fruit samples collected from orchards in different districts of Punjab produced almost same results as were recorded at NIAB. Foliar application of 30 mM Salicylic acid at pre-harvest stage of LSK plants significantly improved physicochemical traits including fruit weight, height, shape index, TSS, and % juice as well as caused reduction in fruit weight loss, and chilling injury. In vitro propagation of LSK plants is in progress using epicotyls, leaf segments and calluses as explants. Sixteen hundred LSK plants were produced to supply interested farmers. In addition more than 3000 Rough lemon rootstock plants were grafted to produce LSK plants for sale.

Marker Assisted Breeding

Heat tolerance in rice

The relative heat tolerance of 24 coarse and 19 basmati rice mutants along with Super basmati, KS-282 and IR-64 was assessed using various biochemical markers. Using heat tolerance index (HTI), mutants were classified according to their response to heat stress. From coarse rice, eight mutants were classified as highly heat tolerant with HTI ranging from 70-86% (Fig. 1). In basmati, eleven mutants were classified as highly heat tolerant with HTI ranging from 70-79% (Fig. 2).

Evaluation of rice mutants/recombinants for amylose and protein content under water stress conditions

Amylose content in milled rice decreased under water stress conditions. Twenty eight genotypes were grouped into low (10-20%), intermediate (21-25%) and high (>25%) categories. Among these, 37% of the genotypes were classified as intermediate (20-25%) indicating good grain quality. The highest amylose content was found in IR-56xWAB-56 and J-104-MI (36%) followed by EF-11 (35%), EF-11xOS-6 (34%) and J-104-P (32%). Low amylose content (16-19%) was quantified in 45% genotypes. However, albumin contents increased significantly in WAB (M15, M20) and LP-8 (M15) while decreased in J-104 with increasing level of radiation dose. Variations in globulin contents were least significant among the genotypes while great

-1diversity was observed in prolamin contents (5- 46 mg g rice flour).

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9

NIAB Low Seeded Kinnow fruit

Fig.2: Relative heat tolerance in basmati rice

Fig.1: Relative heat tolerance in coarse rice

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Pathogenecity and mating type analysis of Aschochyta rabiae

Pathogencity assays of Aschochyta rabiae samples FJ-7 and FJ-9 collected from Fateh Jang were conducted using two differential lines ICC12004 (susceptible to pathotype-III) and ILC3275 (susceptible to pathotype-II). The analysis showed that both these samples belonged to pathotype-III. Likewise, Fateh Jang samples were found as Mating type 1-2 with multiplex PCR.

Induction of systemic resistance using safe chemicals

The application of epibrassinolide (EBR) reduced the infection of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus in mungbean upto 15% as compared to control. The disease severity index decreased with the application of chemicals. In case of EBR pre-treated plants, the disease incidence was 1 while in shikimmic acid treated plants, the disease incidence was 1.3 as compared with postive control level of 1.6.

Antagonistic and crop growth promoting potential of rhizobacteria

Four bacterial antagonists Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aurantiaca, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium showed antimicrobial activity against rice fungal pathogen Bipolaris oryzae. Among these, P. aurantiaca and and S. marcescens with percent inhibition of 66 and 53, respectively were found the most effective against B. oryzae.

Dual culture test

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Annual Report 2015Activity Plant Breeding and Genetics

(a) B. oryzae (control), (b) Impact of P. aurantiaca on B. oryzae (c) Impact of P. aurantiaca on B. oryzaeCulture test showing antagonistic impact of rhizobacteria on mycelia growth

(a) (b) (c)

In vivo seedling treatment/foliar application of bacterial inoculants showed beneficial effects on growth parameters and grain yield in rice. Kashmir Basmati-MI inoculated with S. marcescens produced 60% higher yield followed by Super Basmati-MI (54%) over control. The S. marcescens was found more effective strain with 3-60% increase in grain yield as compared to P. aurantiaca (2-58%). These results suggested that bacterial strains S. marcescens and P. aurantiaca had high potential as bio-control agent and plant growth promoter and may be used under field conditions.

Bacterial effect on super Basmati Bacterial effect on Kashmir Basmati

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Radiation Safety Services 125

Transfer function of I, a nuclear fall, was determined in plants and animals in pot experiment using soils from Chashma Power Plant. In case of maize, transfer function was maximum in plant roots as compared to the shoot for both sandy and sandy loam soils. The experiment was designed for the

125calculation of transfer function I in milk in goats.

Poly vinyl alcohol aided methyl red and methyl blue dyes films were prepared and tested at different doses for colour change and found to be the best indicator for 210 KGy.

Radiation studies on industrial water for reuse in agriculture was done by collecting waste water from different industries including textile and dyeing and treated with different doses of radiation. The samples showed reduction of pH, increase in dissolved oxygen, decrease in electrical conductivity, reduction in absorbance and reduction in total suspended solids at radiation dose of 40 KGy. This work will continue for testing its feasibility and application in agriculture. Radiation induced mutation in ornamental plants continued during the period under report. About 2320 samples of 25 varieties received from 20 institutions of the country have been irradiated at different doses. In order to protect the public and environment from radionuclide pollution, radio waste management for low radioactivity

14 32 125isotopes like C, P, I from NIAB and NIBGE has been treated regularly according to IAEA protocols. The exposure files of all relevant workers of NIAB and NIBGE have been maintained on the basis of radiation absorbed dose which were found in the range of 0.48 to 0.90 msv per year.

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Research work was continued to develop standard rearing methods of beneficial insects and their application in vegetables and crops in integration with other methods of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The objective of IPM was to reduce reliance on chemical control and to produce residue free vegetables. Standard bioassay techniques were applied for determining the resistant/susceptible levels in new chemistry insecticides and their cross checking in field. Work on stored grains entomology was initiated in coordination with Plant Breeding & Genetics Division to improve new germplasm of pulses against storage insects. Analyses of insecticide residues, aflatoxins micro and macro nutrients in food commodities using HPLC, GC and ICP was continued. Research work was conducted for screening of mandatory crops, fruits and vegetables for their levels of resistance/susceptibility against insect pests and diseases using standard methods including field observations, serological, molecular diagnosis and grafting techniques, management of crop insect pests and diseases by safe chemicals.

IPM and Biological Control

Bio-intensive IPM in vegetables

Okra

Okra variety Sabz Paree was planted to control fruit borers by the releases of parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis after week intervals. Infestation of Helicoverpa armigera and spotted bollworm was recorded in the range of 2-8% and 1-6% respectively, during months of May and June, 2015 in the treated plots (insecticide sprays+releases of Trichogramma). The highest population of jassid (19/leaf) was observed in control (no treatment) which was managed by applying 4 sprays of insecticides at different intervals in treated plot of IPM (Bio-control and insecticides).

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II. PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION

Scientists of Plant Protection Division

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Cauliflower

Midseason cauliflower variety was planted to study the infestation of insect pests. Data regarding Spodoptera litura was recorded weekly which averaged up to 1 larva/plant during the months of November and December, 2014. Fungicide, Topsin M was applied to control fungus attack during the remaining crop period. None of other insect pests appeared in the crop and no insecticide spray was integrated with bio-control agents. As a preventive measure, 4 releases of Trichogramma were made after week interval during the month of January, 2015.

Tomato

Three tomato cultivars viz., Reogrande, Naqeeb and Nagina were planted to study the effectiveness of parasitoid, T. chilonis against fruit borers. High, intermediate and less attack of fruit borer was recorded in Naqeeb, Reogrande and Nagina, respectively. Average fruit borer population was 2 larvae/plant (untreated control) and 1 larva/plant in treated plot (7 releases of T. chilonis integrated with 3 sprays of insecticides to control aphids and borers). Searching ability of parasitoid for factitious host eggs of Sitotroga cerealella was recorded. Eggs were parasitized (%) at all distances ranged 36-55, 70-57 and 17-25% after 24, 48 and 72 hours of release, respectively placed at distances from 1 to 20 meter.

Surveillance of insect pests and predators in Bt cotton

In Bt cotton, sucking insect pests appeared in the start of July and increased gradually. The most dominant sucking insect pests included whitefly and jassids. The peak whitefly population occurred in

nd nd rdthe last week of July until 2 week of August whereas, that of Jassid from the 2 to 3 week of July. Green lacewing appeared in the last week of July, gradually flourished in the month of August and then

ndpeaked in the 2 week of September. Other natural enemies as seven spotted and zigzag ladybird beetles appeared in the start of September and their highest population was recorded from the end of October to the start of November.

Laboratory rearing of predatory ladybird beetles

Laboratory rearing of zigzag beetle on cotton, melon and corn aphid species was equally successful. Seven spotted beetles when reared on different aphid species showed satisfactory survival rates with some marginal differences. Ladybird beetles survived for substantial period of time on alternate aftificial food like frozen eggs, frozen aphids, soaked raisins or combination of these but the egg laying was affected. Zigzag beetle produced few eggs on frozen egg diet. Seven spotted ladybird beetle survived for almost a month on simple sugar or honey solutions.

IPM of brinjal with green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea

Seven lines of Brinjal were sown during June, 2015 to study the population dynamics of sucking insect pests and the efficacy of predator C. carnea against these pests. Average number of jassid ranged 4-11/leaf and 3-8/leaf during the months of July and August respectively under control (untreated) conditions. Average number of jassid recorded on brinjal line Adventa 303 was maximum (9/ leaf) whereas, it was minimum on Adventa 325 (3/leaf) in control which showed its resistance character. Weekly releases of predator C. carnea, reduced jassid infestation to the highest in the Adventa 303 (45%), and the lowest in Adventa 326 (22%). Average number of whitefly under untreated condition ranged from 2-8/leaf and 3-14/leaf during the months of July and August. Maximum average infestation under untreated conditions was recorded on Adventa 326 (6/leaf) whereas, minimum was recorded on Adventa 303 (3/ leaf). Reduction in whitefly infestation under treated conditions (releases of predator) was maximum in Adventa 306 (32%) and minimum in Adventa 313 (15%).

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Development of larval diets for rearing of C. carnea

Studies were conducted to develop artificial larval diet for C. carnea to improve its mass rearing. Three meridic diets having different protein sources were tested for survival and developmental parameters of larvae. It was found that Diet A (Chicken liver fresh) was better than the Diet B (Freeze dried liver) and the Diet C (Beef extract). The larval survival was 75% on diet A whereas, it was 40-50% on Diet B and C, respectively. The larvae passed through all three instars and completed pupation. Adult emergence for Diet C and A was 38% and 83% whereas, no adult emergence occurred for Diet B. The longevity of females on Diet C (8 days) was more than diet A (6 days) whereas, emergence of male developed on diets A and C was 84% & 65% with average longevity of 7 and 4 days respectively.

IPM of tomato with C. carnea

Pest management of four tomato varieties Galia, Naqeeb, Riogrande and Nagina was done with inundative releases of C. carnea. The infestation of aphids on tomato plants increased steadily from second week of February reaching maximum in the second week of March and declined after wards. The Maximum average number of aphid recorded under untreated condition was 46, 42, 27 and 35 per leaf on cultivars Galia, Naqeeb, Riogrande and Nagina, respectively. Reduction in the aphid number due to predator releases was 25, 12, 12 and 19 per leaf on above mentioned varieties respectively.

Insect and Food Toxicology

Fate of acetamiprid in the soil-plant ecosystem

Neonicotenoids are new chemistry safe, less persistent and rapidly degradable insecticides of second generation with good efficacy against sucking insects of vegetable crops. Riogrande and Nagina tomato varieties were treated at three doses with

-1acetamiprid (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg plant ). Mature tomatoes were collected from trials; extracted in acetonitrile, cleaned up and analyzed by HPLC isocratically. It was found that acetamiprid

-1residue was 0.12, 0.16 and 0.20 mg kg in all increasing doses -1respectively. The recommended dose (0.50 mg plant ) of

insecticide is safe for residues below than permissible limits 0.5 -1mg kg .

Effects of pesticides on soil properties (dehydrogenase activity)

Acetamiprid (Moziban 20% a.i.) was sprayed on tomato-soil ecosystem on tomato varieties (Riogrande and Nagina) to study the behaviour and effect on soil properties. The effect on soil microflora was mild as compared to imidacloprid (previous experiment) and formazon formation was in the range of 2.40-

-115.74 and 1.81-17.39 µg g d.wt. soil respectively. The results reveal that imidacloprid is more toxic than acetamiprid to microflora.

Treatment of tomato plant

Treated mature tomatoes

Formazon formation in soil under Riogrande plants Formazon formation in soil under Nagina plants

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Studies of mycotoxins in food and their reduction using organic acids

The food/spices contaminated with mycotoxins, when consumed by human and animals, may cause mycotoxicosis and poisons resulting in death. Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most valuable crops in Pakistan. Chili samples (Ground n=24) were collected from Jehlum, Jhang and Faisalabad and analyzed using RP-HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector. The concentrations of AFB were found 1

-169.05 ± 6.44, 31 ± 10.02 and 65 ± 5.79 µg kg , respectively.

Aflatoxins and their control in food products is the burning issue worldwide and threat to human beings -1due to their natural carcinogenic nature. Samples containing high concentration of aflatoxins (65 ng g )

were selected for treatment by organic acid. The samples were treated with mixture solution of citric acid (0.3%) and propionic acid (0.2) and contact time was 30 minutes. After the treatment, the chili powder samples were extracted in acetonitrile and water (84:16) and analyzed. It was found that mixture solution of citric acid and propionic acid gave promising results and reduced the level of aflatoxins up to 95% and acid residues have no ill effect to human beings. Stability of organic acid (citric

o oacid) was evaluated at 18 C ± 2 (ambient) and 30 C and found very stable after analyzed with HPLC.

Field testing of different pesticides for standardization

A total of 55 pesticides (14 pesticides from 4Brothers Group Pakistan, 3 of Syngenta Pakistan, 27 of Tara Imperial Group, 5 of RBAvari, 3 of Bayer Crop Sciences and 3 of Arysta Life Sciences) were tested for standardization on Form-1 registration against different crop pests including diseases, weeds and insect pests.

Field studies on optimization of pesticids use in wheat, rice & corn

Three aphid species were observed from early February to early April. Wheat aphids Rhopalosiphum padi found dominating followed by Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae. Field testing of Hombre (imida+tebaconazole) in wheat crop against aphids and rust disease showed an excellent efficacy for both target pests at 60 and 90 days after sowing. Three applications of Confidor (insecticide) and 3 applications of Tilt (fungicide) showed more than 95% control of aphids and rust disease, respectively as compared to untreated crop. Use of pesticide gave significant increase in yield when compared to check plots.

Experiments on the use of pesticides in wheat crop suggest that plant protection in wheat crop give significant crop harvest. Three insecticide applications during the season against aphids gave higher

-1 -1crop yield (3855 kg ha ) while aphids reduced crop yield (2866 kg ha ) under unsprayed condition. Similarly 2 applications of herbicides reduced weed losses in wheat crop and gave better yield.

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Difference of herbicide usage in wheat crop Difference of insecticide usage in wheat crop

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Pesticide trial in rice crop for management of weeds (Cyprus, Echinocloa spp.), insect pests (Hopper and borer) and diseases (blast, blight) was conducted and it was found that 2 applications of weedicides (ethoxysulfuran) during first 45 days after sowing, 2 applications of granular insecticides (cartap and fipronil) during 40-70 days after sowing, 2 applications of fungicides (rabcide) during 75-100 days after sowing gave an increase of crop yield upto 30%

Experiments on use of herbicides in corn showed significant increase (20-40% high yield) as compared -1

to untreated control. Two applications i.e., first at pre-emergence stage (Dual Gold @ 800 ml acre or -1 -1

Primextra Gold @ 800 ml acre ) and second at post emergence stage (Weedmaster @ 350 g acre or -1

Flisto Gold @ 500 ml acre ) showed excellent weed eradication (up to 95%) and gave better crop yield.

Rearing of armyworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius

Armyworm was successfully reared both on artificial and natural diets for bioassay experiments under laboratory conditions. In natural diet, fresh cotton leaves sustained the growth for two generations during cotton season. In off season modified chickpea based artificial diet was used to rear army worms throughout the year, which supported the growth and reproduction of the armyworm.

Rearing of fruit flies, Bactrocera zonata Saunders and B. cucurbitae Coquillett

Two fruit fly species viz. B. zonata & B. cucurbitae were reared in Perspex glass cages on natural and artificial diets under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the survival rate was similar on both the media, but fruit flies reared on artificial diet did not lay eggs. Different artificial substrates viz. artificial and natural fabrics as well as perforated plastic media were tested for egg laying. Very less egg laying was achieved on artificial media and diets.

Insecticide bioassay on peach fruit fly, B. zonata

Different insecticides viz. Chlorpyriphos, λ Cyhalothrin, Emamectin Benzoate, Bifenthrin, Imidacloprid and Trichlorfon in serial dilutions, 500, 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.25 ppm were tested for their effectiveness on different life stages i.e. larvae, pupae and adults. The results showed that Emamectin Benzoate, Chlorpyriphos and Trichlorfon proved very toxic to adults of fruit flies with 100% mortality after 24 hrs post-treatment, whereas Trichlorfon remained moderately toxic after 24 hrs and highly toxic at 72 hrs post-treatment. Remaining insecticides did not show significant mortality even after 72 hrs post-treatment. The same groups of insecticides were used on pupae and two selected insecticides, Emamectin Benzoate and Tricholfon on larvae of the fruit flies. None of the insecticides proved effective against pupae, however, Emamectin Benzoate and Trichlorfon proved toxic against larvae by causing 100 and 80% mortality, respectively after 48 hrs post-treatment.

Insecticide bioassay on dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus laetus Kirby

Two insecticides viz. Chlorpyriphos and Imidacloprid were tested under field conditions with a single concentration i.e. 500 ppm and applied directly as foliar spray. Results showed that Chlorpyriphos proved highly toxic to dusky cotton bugs with a mean population of 2/five plants, whereas Imidacloprid proved comparatively less toxic with 7/five plants after 96 hrs post-treatment.

Evaluation of resistance in Bt and non Bt cotton varieties under unsprayed conditions

Different Bt and non Bt varieties were grown in the field to compare their resistance to the dusky cotton bug, Oxycarenus laetus Kirby. (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Data revealed that the mean dusky bug population was 24, 19, 12 and 14 per plant on Bt cotton varieties viz. NIAB-Bt-1, IR-NIAB-824, IR-NIBGE-3 and Bt-114, respectively, whereas 12 on NIAB-852. Results showed that the mean population per plant remained higher on Bt varieties compared to non Bt varieties.

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Plant Virology and Host Plant Resistance

Cotton

Disease response of 90 Bt and non-Bt advance cotton genotypes was determined against leaf curl disease (LCuD) under unsprayed field conditions. Forty-three genotypes including 3 candidate varieties (NIAB-874B, NIAB-878B & NIAB-414) were moderately resistant and 44 were tolerant against LCuD. Mac-7 (American introduction under ICARDA project) was found tolerant through grafting while its crosses with adapted Bt and non-Bt genotypes were highly resistant to tolerant under whitefly inoculation in net-house.

Tomato

More than 450 tomato genotypes were assessed for their response to early blight disease under natural field conditions. Sixty-one genotypes and forty-two hybrids including four candidate hybrids (NBH-2, NBH-3, NBH-7, NBH-25) were resistant/tolerant to early blight disease. Out of 291 tomato genotypes screened against late blight disease only one genotype was resistant and 31 were tolerant.

Chickpea & lentil

Due to un-even climatic conditions chickpea and lentil crop was badly damaged by a complex of diseases. Identification of the pathogens showed the association of Ascochyta rabiei, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cineria and Sclerotinia sclerotium with chickpea while Fusarium oxysporium, B. cineria and S. sclerotium with lentil. Out of 300 chickpea genotypes evaluated under field condition, 19 genotypes including NIAB candidate variety CH38/04 (spot cleared) was found moderately resistant/ tolerant against this complex. Out of 935 chickpea genotypes 682 were found to be infected with phytoplasma under field conditions. However, of the 141 lentil genotypes five advance genotypes (LPP12137, LPP11025, LPP11122, LPP11124, LPP11144) were resistant/moderately resistant to complex and showed good yield.

Mungbean

Four-hundred-fifty-eight mungbean genotypes and true breeding lines (TBL) were assessed for mungbean yellow mosaic (MYMD) and urdbean leaf crinkle virus disease (ULCVD) resistance under field conditions during summer season following natural transmission by whiteflies. None of the tested genotypes was found to be highly resistant. Ninety-nine genotypes and TBLs were resistant, 349 were moderately resistant, one was moderately susceptible, two were susceptible and one was highly susceptible. However, all genotypes except four showed different levels of ULCV infection.

Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR)ISR in chickpea against Fusarium wilt and phyllody disease

Seeds of chickpea advance line, CH 23, were treated with aqueous leaves extracts of mango & calotropis (5%) and chemicals; salicylic acid (1mM) & K HPO (50mM) before sowing in wilt sick field in 2 4

4x10 m plots. Maximum reduction (31%) in wilt disease was observed with salicylic acid, followed by mango (11%) and calotropis (10%) plant extracts. Grain yield was 67, 35 and 21% higher; in salicylic acid, mango and calotropis leaves extract treated plants, respectively, as compared to the control ones. Salicylic acid also reduced the phyllody disease in chickpea when applied as seed treatment plus weekly spray under field conditions.

ISR in tomato against shoestring disease

Salicylic acid (SA) and Benzothiadiazole (BTH) treated plant showed up to 60 % less disease as compared to control ones. Quantity and quality of the fruits were also improved by SA and BTH.

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Tomato tolerance (Front),susceptibility (Back side)

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New disease report on tomato

Phytoplasma associated Big bud disease on tomato plants was recorded first time in Pakistan and experiments were performed to study their symptomatology, etiology, molecular characterization and transmission.

Evaluation of resistance in transgenic tobacco (N. benthamiana) against different viruses of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD)

Transgenic N. benthamiana harboring Rep exhibited 60 and 46% syn130

resistance against cotton leaf curl Burewala virus and cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuBuV/CLCuMuB) in two T1 generation lines, while remaining plants showed a tolerant behavior or a recovery phenotype. Two lines of VirE2 showed 66 and 73% resistance against CLCuBuV/CLCuMuB. T2 and T3 generation plants of VirE2 and Repsyn130

also showed evidences of tolerance and resistance against CLCuKoV/CLCuMuB and tomato leaf curl new Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) Transgenic N. benthamiana .

harboring ssDNA binding proteins VirE2 and g5 showed almost similar level of resistance against ssDNA viruses CLCuKoV/CLCuMuB and ToLCNDV. However when these plants were inoculated with an RNA virus Potato virus X (PVX) no resistance was observed showing that VirE2 and g5 were effective against ssDNA viruses and not RNA viruses.

Fungal and Bacterial Diseases

Monitoring of rice diseases in rice growing areas of Punjab

The survey of rice growing districts of northern Punjab i.e. Sheikhupura, Hafizabad, Mandi Bahauddin, Gujrat, Sialkot and Gujranwala was conducted in September-October, 2015. The BLB was observed in Sheikhupura, Hafizabad, Sialkot and Gujranwala with the incidence of 20-60% with high level of severity on early maturing rice varieties as PK-386. Brown spot, Grain discoloration and sheath blight diseases incidence was 10-30% in all the visited sites but 20-40% at Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Adaptive Research Farm, Farooqabad and NIAB field area. Diseased samples were collected from all the visited sites.

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Big bud disease of tomato

Rice crop infected with BLB Rice crop infected with brown spot Rice crop infected with grain discoloration

Evaluation of resistant genes in rice against local pathotypes of Xoo

Resistance potential of 10 Near Isogenic Lines (NILs) and 16 pyramiding lines along with their parent IR-24, provided by IRRI, Philippine, were evaluated against new Xoo isolates. None of the NILs or gene pyramid provided complete protection against all the pathotypes. However Xa21 alone and a combination of Xa4, Xa5 & Xa21 exhibited incompatible reaction against 93% Xoo pathotypes including pathotype-1.

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Evaluation of promising Basmati mutant lines in BLB hotspot locations in Punjab

The multilocational trails of 4 BLB resistant Basmati mutants evolved from Basmati Super were conducted for evaluation against BLB at hotspot areas of districts Shekhupura, Hafizabad, Gujranwala and at NIAB, Faisalabad. BM-20 and BM-32 exhibit resistant behavior while BM-49 and BM-48 were moderately resistant. BM-47 was moderately susceptible at all locations.

Evaluation of wheat germplasm against stripe and leaf rust

One hundred and eighty wheat lines of NIAB along with Morocco (susceptible check) were evaluated for resistance against leaf and stripe rust in disease screening nursery under artificial inoculation conditions. Of these, 68 lines were resistant, 36 moderately resistant and the rest were susceptible to leaf rust. While in case of stripe rust, 91 were resistant, 57 moderately resistant and rest were susceptible. Of four hundred and sixty wheat lines in different yield trails, 188 were resistant, 9 moderately resistant and the rest were susceptible to leaf and yellow rust.

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Evaluation of rice germplasm against BLB disease

Rice germplasm are evaluated against BLB disease under artificial inoculation under field conditions. Three entries/varieties of NURYT, 18 mutants of M and 9 mutants of M generations are found resistant 7 4

while 12 entries/varieties of NURYT, 30 mutants of M and 47 mutants of M generations are moderately 7 4

resistant. Rest of the entries/varieties/mutants showed susceptible response to BLB.

Rice differentials at NIAB field Rice inoculation with Xoo

Stripe rust on Morocco wheat variety Leaf rust on Sehar wheat variety

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Soil Scientists oriented their efforts to develop technology for sustainable use and conservation of national resources including soil, water, and plant species. Fertilizer and nutrient management studies were continued to reduce input cost and to increase nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity. The research programs included the development of agroforestry system for salt-affected lands, germplasm selection for water and drought stresses, improving nutrient and water use efficiencies, phytoremediation of salt-affected and heavy metal polluted lands and microbiological resources of salt-affected lands. A detailed summary of the research activities for the year 2015 are presented as under:

Bio-Saline Agriculture

R&D activities at BSRS, Pakka Anna

Besides limited technical and human resources, 16 acres of land were developed for cultivation during the period under report. In addition to management of existing plantations of Acacia ampliceps, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia nilotica (250 acres), new plantation of A. ampliceps was made on 9 acres. During Rabi season 2014-15, wheat and barley crops were grown on 20 acres while salt tolerant forages and grasses on 8 and 7 acres, respectively to meet the forage requirements of goat/sheep herd being reared at the station. During the current Rabi season (2015-16), wheat and barley crops have been sown on 35 acres while fodders on 9 acres. Thousands of nursery saplings of A. ampliceps were provided to Kundian Chemical Plant (KCP), Jauharabad (an establishment of PAEC) and NIBGE, Faisalabad for plantation as a part of R&D activities. The station also hosted many activities as a farmers' day on safe use of veterinary drugs that was organized by Animal Sciences Division, wheat harvesting and a number of visits/study tours of researchers, progressive farmers, post-graduate students and participants of various training courses held at NIAB campus.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Soil Science

III. SOIL SCIENCE DIVISION

Scientists of Soil Science Division

Page 26: Niab activity report_2015

Development of agroforestry systems for salt-affected soils

Response of tree-based alley cropping systems involving woody perennials (A. nilotica and E. camaldulensis) and understorey non-woody components (barley c.v. Haider-93) to various N management treatments was evaluated during 2014-15 on saline-sodic soil (pH 8.5-8.9; EC 12.7-18.3 dS

-1m , SAR 28.7-56.4) and compared with open system. The N treatments included control, two rates of N -1 -1 -1(60 and 120 kg ha ), andfarm yard manure at the rate of 20 ton ha with and without 60 kg N ha . Crop

-1 -1was irrigated with tube well water which was unfit for irrigation (EC 8.16 dS m , RSC 14.4 meq L ). Grain -1yield of barley was recorded to be 2277, 1994 and 1625 kg ha for open field, A. nilotica- and E.

-1camaldulensis-based systems respectively, with application of farm yard manure @ 20 t ha and -1nitrogen fertilizer @ 60 kg ha whereas, in control treatments (no amendment), grain yield of 1387,

-11217 and 1126 kg ha was recorded accordingly. Current annual increment in wood volume of trees 3 -1 3 -1ranged from 2.24 to 2.72 m ha for A. nilotica and 3.47 to 5.17 m ha for E. camaldulensis. Higher

improvement in soil properties (pH, EC and SAR) was recorded in Acacia-based systems and for combined application of N-60 and FYM. Hence, it is concluded that Acacia-based system has higher compatibility compared to Eucalyptus-based for understory crops and combined use of mineral N with FYM is more appropriate.

Biomass yield of different forage grasses under saline conditions

Nine grasses were evaluated for biomass production under combination of two levels each of salinity -1

(EC 10 and 20 dS m ) and SAR (50 and 100). Fresh and dry biomass yield decreased with increasing e-1

salinity and sodicity levels. On average, Para grass produced maximum biomass yield (306 g pot ) -1 -1 -1

followed by Rhodes grass (267 g pot ), Kallar grass (190 g pot ) and blue panic (135 g pot ). At higher -1

SAR level, Kallar grass produced highest biomass (195 g pot ) while Blue panic grass proved to be the most sensitive to soil SAR and showed a drastic decrease in biomass yield. K:Na ratios in shoot leaves decreased with increasing salinity and sodcity levels. Maximum K:Na ratio was obtained in Kallar grass

+followed by Para grass and Rhodes grass. Among these three grasses, maximum Na uptake was + obtained in Para grass and Rhodes grass at high EC and SAR levels rather than Kallar grass. High Ke

uptake was obtained in Kallar grass than Para grass and Blue panic at high salinity. Four grasses viz. Kallar, Para, Rhodes and Blue panic were identified as tolerant to salinity/sodicity whereas Steria sp., Dhalis and Tall panic grasses did not grew well under saline conditions.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Soil Science

Inauguration of wheat harvesting by Director NIAB at BSRS, Pakka Anna

Page 27: Niab activity report_2015

Screening of barley germplasm for salinity tolerance

Thirty five genotypes (approved varieties, accessions, lines) of barley were screened for their responses to different salinity levels (100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) in root zone using gravel culture. There were wide variations in growth responses of the studied barley genotypes to root zone salinity. In general, fresh and dry weights of plants were decreased with increase in root zone salinity. Growth of 7 genotypes was not affected or was slightly higher in 100 mM NaCl treatment compared to control. Further increase in root zone salinity resulted in decreased growth of all genotypes; reduction in fresh weight ranged from 23% to 90% in different genotypes. Except for 3 genotypes, fresh weight of all genotypes was reduced by more than 50% in 200 mM NaCl compared to control. Only few plants survived in 300 mM NaCl level and they had very poor growth. A similar trend of response was recorded for shoot dry weight. Two genotypes had higher dry weight while 7 had < 25% reduction in dry weight at 100 mM NaCl level compared to that in control. Relative-to-control reduction in dry weight of 16 genotypes was in the range 25 to 50% and for rest of the genotypes >50% in 100 mM NaCl level. In 200 mM NaCl dry weight of all genotypes (except 3) was reduced by more than 50% compared to control. Further, growth potential of these genotypes was highly variable, irrespective of the salinity level, and

-1 -1ranged from 1 to 3.9 g plant in control and 0.4 to 2.4 g plant in 100 mM NaCl. In 200 mM NaCl treatment, relative-to-control reduction in shoot dry weight was >50% in all genotypes, except three genotypes showing 26 - 50% reduction.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Soil Science

Growth response of different grasses under saline-sodic soil conditions

Para GrassPara GrassPara Grass Kallar grassKallar grassKallar grass

Blue Panic GrassBlue Panic GrassBlue Panic Grass Steria seplanda GrassSteria seplanda GrassSteria seplanda Grass

Page 28: Niab activity report_2015

Relative-to-ControlReduction (%)

Genotypes

100 mM NaCl

0 – 25 PK-30046, Awaran (02), Local Barley (Six -Rows), Sanober-96, PK-30109, ICARDA-20, Jau-83, Soorab-96, Victoriana

26 - 50 PFLNGLNTENSIL, Pernin, 76/2A, Bealix, PK-30118, Lasania, RNMPL, Baske, Sissy, Skreif, Jau -87, B-09031, Dianmila, Ennola, AD-187

51 - 75 Heilsfrankan, Wiebke, Aekermanns Bavaria, 57/2D, 91/2A, Apex, Rakhshan-10, B-09046, 113/1B

>75 USA, Haider-93

200 mM NaCl

0 – 25 -26 – 50 PK-30046, Awaran (02), Soorab-96

51 - 75% PK-30109, Local Barley (Six Rows), ICARDA-20, Jau-83, Sanober-96, 57/2D, Victoriana, Bealix, B -09031, PFLNGLNTENSIL, Sissy, 76/2A, PK-30118, Lasania, Wiebke, TRNMPL, Baske, Jau -87, B-09046, AD-187, Skreif

>75 Pernin, Aekermanns Bavaria, Ennola, Rakhshan-10, Dianmila, Apex, Heilsfrankan, 91/2A, Haider-93, 113/1B, USA

Grouping of barley genotypes based on extent of relative-to-control reduction in growth (dry weight) under different salinity levels

Variables

Sim

ilarity

Punjab-90

Sehar-2006

Iqbal-2

000

Koh ista

n-97

Uqab-6

PARI-73

Inqilab-91

Soghat-90

Pasban-90

Shafaq-2006

Bhattai

Margalla-99

Kiran-95

Bhakkar-2000

Pak-81

Sarsabaz

Marvi

Chakwal-86

Lu-26-S

A badgharr

9.63

39.75

69.88

100.00

Dendrogram with Complete Linkage and Absolute Correlation Coefficient Distance

Page 29: Niab activity report_2015
Page 30: Niab activity report_2015
Page 31: Niab activity report_2015

Growth response: interactive effect of K and Zn under deficient and optimally P fertilized soil

P+K+ZnP+K+ZnP+K+Zn K+ZnK+ZnK+Zn P+ZnP+ZnP+Zn ZnZnZn P+KP+KP+K KKK PPP ControlControlControl

Page 32: Niab activity report_2015
Page 33: Niab activity report_2015

MMM ulchulchulch

NNN itrogenitrogenitrogen

ControlControlControl

MulchMulchMulch

Zero TillageZero TillageZero TillageZero TillageZero TillageZero Tillage

Conventional TillageConventional TillageConventional Tillage

Conventional TillageConventional TillageConventional Tillage ControlControlControl

Mulch + Mulch + Mulch + NNN itrogenitrogenitrogen

Mulch + Mulch + Mulch + NNN itrogenitrogenitrogen

NNN itrogenitrogenitrogen

Page 34: Niab activity report_2015

Impact of poor quality ground water irrigation on barley productivity

To study the impact of poor quality ground water on barley growth in saline environment, a field experiment was carried at Bio-saline Research Station (BSRS), Pakka Anna. Barley (cv. Haider-93) was grown under four different level of saline ground water irrigation viz. 60, 80, 100 and 120% ET . Results c

showed that biomass and grain yield had a decreasing trend with reduced irrigation application. -1Biomass production reduced under 60 % ETc irrigation level (8.82±1.61t ha ) compared to 120 and 100

-1% ETc treatments with respective values of 12.20±2.80 and 12.50±1.89 t ha . The grain yield of -1

3.61±0.62 t ha for 100 % ETc treatment was significantly higher compared to rest of the treatments -1

being lowest with 60 % ETc (1.7±0.38 t ha ). Effect of irrigation levels was non-significant on biomass based water use efficiency while grain based water use efficiency was significantly higher in 100 % ETc

-1 -1treatment (14.70±5.40 kg ha mm ) as compared to 120, 80 and 60 % ETc treatments with respective

-1 -1values of 9.3±1.94, 8.3±2.97 and 7.5±1.06 kg ha mm .

Growth response of salt-tolerant grasses to water deficit condition

Four grasses viz. Kallar, Para, Rhodes and Blue panic had been proved tolerant to salinity and/or sodicity. These were evaluated for biomass production with different levels of irrigation water under saline-

-1sodic condition (ECe 15 dS m with SAR levels 50). Four irrigation levels were maintained (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% on the basis saturation percentage). Biomass yield decreased with decreasing the amount of irrigation. The grasses in order of biomass production were arranged as Rhodes grass > Kallar grass = Para grass > Blue panic.

Management of NIAB Rice-2013

247 kg of prebasic seed of rice variety NIAB-2013 was produced during 2014 and provided to Punjab Seed Corporation and other growers with the help of PBG. About half ton of certified seed of this variety was produced by PSC to sale among general growers during 2015. Ten single plant progenies were grown in isolated plots till maturity. Twenty desirable plants from each progeny were chosen and harvested for next year production of seed.

Microbiology of Water Resources

Diversity of EPS-producing biofilm bacteria inhabiting the salt-affected lands

Microbial diversity studies conducted with especially designed microbial biofilm sampling device showed dominance of the exo-polysaccharides (EPS) producing biofilm bacterial genera Bacillus and Microbacterium among 600 bacterial isolates sampled and identified from brackish and polluted irrigation waters of BSRS, Pakka Anna. The diverse species of gram positive EPS-producing biofilm bacterial belonging to genera Microbacterium and Bacillus have been isolated and identified first time from the salt-affected land. The findings emphasized the need to explore these bacterial genera especially the pigmented Microbacterium species for bioremediation of brackish and polluted irrigation waters and the biopolymer production for industrial and environmental applications. Presence of the microbial pathogens, although sparse and sporadic, predicted the microbial biofilm as source of microbial pathogens dissemination and spread in the surrounding areas.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Soil Science

Page 35: Niab activity report_2015

Screening of the bacterial isolates for tolerance to Arsenic (As) toxicity

The bacterial isolates were screened for their tolerance to arsenic (As) toxicity (concentration ranged from 0 - 200 mM). The screening methods used were spot, streak and micro-titre plates. The gram positive bacterial genera Bacillus and Microbacterium including the species B. amyloliqufaciens, B. brevis, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B. pumilis, B. subtilis, M. imperial, M. marityticum, M. shlferie and gram negative Enterobacter cloacae, Escherchia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella typhi isolated from city drain, fish ponds and the tube-well waters were used for the studies. The preliminary results of the studies showed that bacterial isolates exhibited a high degree of variability in tolerance to as toxicity.

Arsenic tolerance by various strains of EPS-producing bacteria, Bacillus & Microbacterium

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Annual Report 2015Activity Soil Science

Microbacterium species isolated and identified from fish ponds (FP), city drain and tube well waters at 15 and 30 days

Microbacterium species

Strains City drain

Fish Ponds

Tube-wells

Sampling days

15 30 15 30 15 30

M. aesteromaticum

(DR-2) (DR-30/10, DR-30/11)+* +

M. chocolatum (DR-40) +

M. helophylum (DR-7, DR-22, DR-23) +

M. imperial (DR-6) (TW-30/25, TW -30/30) (F -21, F -24, F -26, F-27, F-28, F-29)

+ + +

M. marytiticum (DR-3, DR-5, DR-15, DR-28, DR-38, DR-42) (DR-30/3, DR-30/4, DR-30/5, DR-30/8, DR-30/9, DR-30/12, DR -30/14, DR -30/15, DR -30/16 , DR -30/18, DR-30/19, DR-30/26a) (F-22, F-23, F-25) (TW-30/42, TW-30/47), TW-22)

+ + + + +

M. sheleiferi (F-71, F-72) +

M. testaceum (DR-30/1, DR-30/2, DR-30/20) +

M. thalassium (DR-8) +

* The species, present at the mentioned sampling time

Bacterial species Source As tolerance level (mM)

Bacills amyloliquefaciens SS*50

Bacillus circulans SSD

Bacillus brevis FP

100Microbacterium marityticum SS, FP

Salmonella typhi SS, TW, DR

Bacillus coagulans FP,TW, DR

200

Bacillus pumilis FP, TW

Bacillus subtilis FP

Microbacterium imperial FP

Microbacterium sheleiferi DR

Enterobacter cloaceae TW

Escherchia coli TW

Proteus mirabilis DR

*FP, fish pond; DR, city drain; TW, tube well water; SS and SSD, saline and saline sodic soil of BSRS, Pakka Anna

Page 36: Niab activity report_2015

Livestock sector plays a vital role in the national economy through augmenting the sources for family income and generating lucrative employment opportunities amongst the rural population, particularly the landless laborers, small and marginal farmers and women. Livestock contributes approximately 55.1% as value added by the agriculture and 11.6% to the national GDP. Gross value added by the livestock sector at constant factor cost has increased from Rs. 672 Billion to 700 Billion reflecting a 4.0% rise as compared to the last year. Animal Sciences Division (ASD), NIAB deals with several important issues regarding livestock production, animal nutrition and health. Animal Nutrition Group achieved better feed conversion ratio through application of a formulated concentrate mixture, hay and leaf meal fed to boost up animal productivity and a developer mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum

-1 -1which could produce 9.2 gL of lysine as compared to its parent 2.8 gL . The Animal Reproductive Endocrinology Group studied the relationship amongst oxidants; antioxidants and steroid hormones amongst cyclic, acyclic and pregnant buffaloes. The Veterinary Drug Residue Group qualified Proficiency test from Progetto, Italy, standardized CHARM and valid in-house ELISA methods for chloramphenicol analysis and detection in milk. Regarding animal health related issues, primers for amplification of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of Peste des Petits Ruminats (PPR) and VP2 gene of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), the viral diseases of animals and poultry have been designed and tested for future cloning and expression studies.

Animal Nutrition

Cost effective fattening of male goats

Male goats raised for sale one month prior to Eid-ul-Azha returned substantial profit. A study on animal nutrition using 18 male goats and 4 male sheep was conducted. The animals were fed on a feed mixture containing wheat, oats, linseed, maize, wheat bran and a minerals blend. Average cost of feed was Rs.35/kg and it was offered once a day after grazing. The animals attained on the average a weight of

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Annual Report 2015Activity Animal Science

IV. ANIMAL SCIENCE DIVISION

Scientists of Animal Science Division

Page 37: Niab activity report_2015

2.36 (male goats) and 2.16 kg (male sheep) after one month. It showed a daily live weight gain of 155.5 and 158.5 g in goat and sheep, respectively. Similarly, the feed conversion ratio in both, goat and sheep was 2.85 and 3.68, respectively. By comparing the cost to benefit ratio, the total feed expenses because of additional weight gain came out to be Rs.4,200/- in case of goat, whereas in sheep it was Rs.1,225/- thus, the profit gained in case of goat and sheep emerged as Rs.16,800/- and Rs.3,325/- , respectively. It represented a net profit of Rs.700/- per head in case of male goats, while Rs.525/- in male sheep on the average within just two weeks of fattening. It was concluded that if applied timely, short term fattening programmes might be useful and earn a substantial profit for the common farmers.

Enumeration of buffalo rumen bacteria

Rumen fermentation is responsible for utilization of heavy natural fibre based feeds taken up by ruminants. In order to compare rumen bacterial counts, three feeding regimes, each consisting of two animals were constituted as forage alone (A), forage with wheat straw (B) and forage with wheat straw and concentrate mixture CP 16%, (C). The anaerobic culture was employed using Rumen Glucose

9 9 Cellobiose Agar (RGCA) medium. Mean bacterial counts were found to be 4.0 x 10 , 2.8 x 10 and 1.9 x

1010 colony forming units (CFU) per gram of rumen digest. It was observed that the balance feeding, as in case C, supported optimum rumen bacterial counts.

Making hay from various forage crops and preparation of leaf meals

Suitable cuts from three commonly used forages for livestock including Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum), Lucern (Alfalfa) and Pearl Millet were air-dried to make hay. The chemical composition (%), in Lucern revealed as crude protein (CP), 17.3; acid digestible fibre (ADF), 41.2; neutral detergent fibre (NDF), 48.0 and ash 9.4. In case of Berseem the respective percentages were 15.8, 27.5, 44.6 and 12.4, whereas it came out to be 8.2, 44.4, 67.9 and 7.8, respectively, in case of Pearl Millet. On the basis of nutritional value, hay from these forages can be ranked as Lucern > Berseem > Millet. On the other hand, leaf meals can replace costly feed ingredients in animal feeding. Leaf meal from two species, Moringa and Janter were prepared and their chemical composition revealed high feeding potential. Metabolic studies for evaluation of these two leaf meals are in progress.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Animal Science

Feed ingredients and their inclusion rates

Feed Ingredients Percent Inclusion

Wheat 37.6

Oats 33.5

Linseed 8.3

Maize 8.3

Wheat Bran 8.3

Dicalcium Phosphate 4.0

Total 100

Crude protein 13.07

Metabolizable energy 2900 kcal/kg

Price per kg Rs. 35/-

Page 38: Niab activity report_2015

Growth optimization of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Live yeast cultures especially those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae find their place in animal feed with pronounced impact upon ruminant productivity. Work on growth optimization and other media rationales was started at ASD for subsequent use in animal feeding trials. For this purpose, a field isolate of S. cerevisiae was cultured on two standard media namely, the yeast extract peptone dextrose medium (YPD) and Sabouraud agar medium. The plates were incubated overnight at 30°C. Next morning, off-white colonies of the yeast appeared on the surface of the plates. The growth on Sabouraud agar medium was much better than that on the YPD medium. Further, Sabouraud broth was

rdprepared in three Erlenmeyer flasks; two inoculated with the yeast culture while the 3 one taken as blank. The flasks were incubated overnight at 30°C and 150 rpm. Presence of the yeast cells was confirmed by microscopy, concentration determined by spectrophotometry, biomass collected (6000

-1rpm) and dried. The mean S. cerevisiae biomass was calculated as 3.5 g L . Work on the same lines is underway.

Up-gradation of agro-industrial wastes/by-products to produce amino acid through bacteria

Mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum were developed and characterized for the over-production of lysine. The microbes were mutated using N-Methyl-Ń-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NTG) for which their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was worked out against a lysine analogue, S-(β- aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC) as well as for NTG. In addition, the analogue-resistant as well as auxotrophic mutants

-1were also selected. The MIC of AEC was studied within a range of 0.5-1.5 mg mL , and a dose of 0.8 mg

-1mL was selected as MIC for the isolation of AEC resistant mutants. Similarly, the selected culture, which

6 was subjected to mutagenesis, showed 8.5x10 CFU (colony forming units) population density. The

-1survival rate of the cells dropped swiftly when exposed to different doses of NTG from 0-50 µg mL .

-1Nearly 3-4% of the cells survived when exposed to a dose of 100 µg mL of NTG for a period of 90 min.

-1So, 100 µg mL dose of NTG was selected for mutagenesis.

The fermentation was a major part of this study, where fermentative process was optimized. In order to check the increase in lysine production, the mutants were tested under various fermentation conditions and effects of different parameters, like substrate concentration, pH, temperature (°C), penicillin concentration and media composition was assessed as well as comparative media study was also conducted to optimize the fermentation conditions. Different concentrations (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 percent) of the respective substrates were tested against the parent as well as the mutants. In case of

-1glucose, 10% concentration appeared to be the most suitable one, where the parent produced 2.8 gL -1 of lysine; simultaneously, 5.7 g L lysine was produced by the mutant after 60 h of fermentation. The

entire glucose in the medium was consumed by the parent, whereas around 30% still remained unutilized in case of the mutant. The optimum pH was observed as 6.8-7.0. To study the effect of

otemperature on lysine production, a range of 26-34 C was tested. It was observed that maximum o -1 -1

production occurred at 29±1 C where the mutant produced 9.2 gL of lysine as compared to 2.8 gLyielded by the parent. Below or above to this temperature, a decline in the yield was observed in both, the parent as well as the mutant. Recently, work on purification of lysine has been started. Different resins, like Amberlite and Dowex 50, have been tried for this purpose. The work in this context is underway.

Cane molasses contains a fair amount of biotin, which hinders the release of amino acid from within the cells to the medium by strengthening the cell membrane permeability barrier. In order to counter this

-1 issue, different concentrations of penicillin, ranging from 55-75 µgL were tested; the optimum

-1 -1 -1concentration came out to be 60-65 µgL , where an increase of 0.2 gL of lysine by the parent and 1 gL in case of mutant was observed.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Animal Science

Page 39: Niab activity report_2015

In order to find out the most suitable fermentation medium, a comparative study using various media, including SM, L-6(a), L-6(b), L-6(c) and MM (molasses medium), was conducted. Among all, MM,

-1appeared to be the most suitable medium for lysine production, where an amount of 9.7 gL of lysine

-1was produced by the mutant as compared to 2.9 gL fermented by the parent.

Animal Reproductive Endocrinology

Serum profiles of certain oxidants, antioxidants, reproductive and stress hormones in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

A preliminary study was conducted with the objective to determine certain oxidants, antioxidants as well as hormonal profiles in cyclic, acyclic and conceived buffaloes during low breeding season. Eight buffaloes at SB farm, Faisalabad were randomly selected and synchronized using Ovsynch protocol during summer. The buffaloes observing estrus were inseminated. The day of Artificial Insemination (AI) was specified as d 0. The blood sampling was started on d 0 upto 20 days, with a 3-days gap between each sampling. Pregnancy diagnosis was made through rectal palpation after two months of AI. The levels of serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), progesterone and cortisol were estimated. The estrus synchronization rate was 62.5%. The progesterone profile showed that two buffaloes were conceived; three observed cyclic and the three remained acyclic. The CAT activity was lower (P<0.05) in cyclic and conceived buffaloes on d 0 than acyclic animals, whereas it was higher at mid-luteal phase in conceived animals. The SOD activity

-1was considerably higher on d 0-8 (22.08±5.98 to 30.38±2.85 U ml ), then decreasing gradually till d 20 in all buffaloes. In acyclic buffaloes, the TOS was significantly higher (P<0.05) on d 0-8 and d 16 than acyclic animals. The TAC was higher (P<0.05) in conceived buffaloes at early luteal phase and in cyclic animals at mid-luteal phase. A parallel trend was observed in the levels of TOS and TAC in conceived buffaloes, both increasing and decreasing at the same time with significantly higher levels at early-luteal phase on d 4. The cortisol was higher (P<0.05) in acyclic than cyclic and conceived buffaloes on d-0. It was concluded that cyclic, acyclic and conceived buffaloes exhibited different trends in the levels of oxidants, antioxidants and reproductive and stress hormones, indicating the relationship of oxidative stress with reproductive process.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Animal Science

Serum profiles of progesterone, cortisol, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total oxidant status and total antioxidant capacity in cyclic, acyclic and conceived buffaloes

Days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 4 8 12 16 20

Pro

ge

ste

ron

e H

orm

on

e

(ng

/mL)

CyclicConceivedAcyclic

CyclicConceivedAcyclic

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 4 8 12 16 20

Co

rtis

ol

Co

nce

ntr

ati

on

(n

M/m

L)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 4 8 12 16 20

Su

pe

roxid

e D

ism

uta

se

Acti

vit

y

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 4 8 12 16 20

Ca

tala

se A

cti

vit

y (

U/m

L)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 4 8 12 16 20

Tota

l O

xid

an

t S

tatu

s (µ

M/L

)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 4 8 12 16 20

An

tio

xid

an

t C

ap

aci

ty

(mm

ol/

L)

Days Days

CyclicConceivedAcyclic

CyclicConceivedAcyclic

CyclicConceivedAcyclic

CyclicConceivedAcyclic

Page 40: Niab activity report_2015

Veterinary Drug Residues

Standardizations and validations of radio-receptor binding assays employing CHARMS kits for chloramphenicol screening in meat and milk

Radio-receptor binding assays (comparatively newer technique than ELISA and HPLC with or without MS) were standardized employing CHARM kits for screening of Chloramphenicol (CAP) in bovine meat

3and milk samples using Tritium ( H ) as a nuclide. Critical Control Point (decision limit - CCα) found to be 1

5739 and 2224 disintegrations per minute (dpm) in meat and milk, respectively. Twenty blank and 20 -1spiked meat as well as milk samples (each) at the rate of 0.3 ng mL were analyzed at different days for

repeatability, accuracy and precision. None of the responses (min. to max.) of spiked samples overlapped with the range of responses (min. to max.) of blanks indicating detection capability (CCβ) of

-1CHARM test performed is less than or equal to 0.3 ng mL (MRPL-minimum required performance limit). Repeatability CV (%) for blank samples was found to be 11.6 and 6.6, whereas for spiked samples it came out to be 7.5 and 9.2 in meat and milk samples, respectively. Based on these standardizations and validations, this test was found suitable for CAP detection both in meat and milk.

Validation of commercial ELISA kits (W81113) for chloramphenicol detection in milk

The commercial ELISA kits (Cat. #. W81113, Quicking Biotech, China) were validated for in-house ELISA and to participate in Proficiency testing from Progetto Trieste, Italy. Initially the kit was standardized with approx. 15 to 30 days gap upto its expiry date by calculating their lowest detection limit (IC ) and middle of the test (IC ) for test performance. Data 20 50

-1indicated gradual increase in IC from 0.7 to 1.2 ng mL and IC 20 50

-1from 0.31 to 0.44 ng mL . Then the milk samples were spiked with

-10.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ng mL conc. and their recovery (%) was calculated by adopting extraction protocol provided in the kit. It was ranged from 87 to 100%. The CCα and CCβ were also

-1calculated as 0.09 and 0.12 ng mL , respectively.

Participation in proficiency testing from progetto, trieste Italy for CAP detection in milk

stBased on validation studies, VDR Labs participated in Proficiency Testing (PT) 1 round from Progetto Trieste Italy, for CAP detection in milk by ELISA. Two unknown milk samples, received from Italy, were

-1analyzed and reported as positive for Chloramphenicol (sample-1 as 0.98 ng mL and sample-2 as 2.11

-1 -1ng mL ). Progetto, Italy also declared both samples positive with concentration of 0.90 and 1.37 ng mL , respectively.

External validation of in-house ELISA using commercial LISA kit and LC-MS for CAP detection in milk

In-house developed ELISA was compared with commercial ELISA kit. The results indicated that the recovery (%) in lower concentration was higher than that in the higher conc., ranging from 87 to 100%. The recovery was 94.5% in the samples spiked with conc. lower

-1than MRPL (0.3 µg Kg ), whereas 80.3% in the samples spiked with conc. higher than MRPL values. The experiment for recovery calculations was repeated thrice on different days, and found maximum recovery in 0.2 ng

-1 -1mL conc. as 100% and minimum in 1.0 ng mL

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Annual Report 2015Activity Animal Science

Evaluation of ELISA kit for test performance

NCl

O2N

OH

OHO

Cl

Mass: 321

NCl

OHO

Cl

Mass: 257

NH2

O2N OH

Mass: 194

O2N

OH

Mass: 152

Chloramphenicole ESI Negative STD_12-3-13 #514 RT: 1.72 AV: 1 NL: 1.21E5T: ITMS - p ESI Full ms2 [email protected] [85.00-500.00]

100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

m/z

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Rela

tive A

bu

nd

an

ce

194.17

321.08249.08

152.08176.00

237.08219.00207.08148.08121.08 159.17 179.08 284.83111.00 273.75 322.83

Productions by MS-MS of CAP

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conc. as 87%. The false complaint rate (β-error) was less than 5% in all spiking cases. Twenty milk samples were analyzed (with and without spiking) for the calculation of CCα and CCβ, both were

-1calculated as 0.09 & 0.12 ng mL , respectively. The in-house ELISA was further validated by using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Mass spectral acquisition was done by using electro-spray ionization in the negative ion mode applying multiple reactions monitoring of the diagnostic transition reaction for CAP (m/z 152, 194 and 257).

-1The calibration curve showed good linearity in conc. from 0.025 to 1.6 ng mL with correction coefficient 0.99. The mean recoveries were found from 88 to 100%. The CCα and CCβ were calculated as

-10.057 and 0.10 ng mL , respectively. The CCα and CCβ in all the three cases i.e. in-house ELISA, Commercial ELISA and LC-MS were less than the half of the MRPL. So, in-house ELISA can be used for screening and quantification in surveillance studies.

VDR Labs Accreditation for ISO-17025

Completed documentation for ISO-17025 Lab Management System that is under review by DQA, PAEC, Islamabad. Efforts are also under way for ISO-17025 accreditation from Pakistan National Accreditation Council (PNAC).

Animal Health and Vaccine Production

Molecular diagnosis of livestock and poultry diseases

Work under Molecular diagnostic and vaccine development programme on diseases, like Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), Peste des Petits Ruminats (PPR), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), and Hydro-Pericardium Syndrome (HPS) was done. In this regard, 40 samples suspected for FMD and 35 for IBD were processed for diagnosis through RT-PCR or loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The DNA fragments of immunogenic and antigenic values were amplified and purified for their DNA sequence analysis. Primers for amplification of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of PPR virus and VP2 gene of IBD virus were designed and tested for the future cloning and expression studies that would further lead to development of Diagnostic kits against these diseases.

Characterization of non-structural viral recombinant protein

Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS) is a disease of poultry that is caused by fowl adenovirus-4. An experiment was designed to compare the immunogenicity of a recombinant protein and inactivated vaccine. For this purpose, 100K protein of the virus was purified and an adjuvant, Montanide (ISA

st60/40), was added. Experimental chicks were divided into three groups as the 1 group was immunized

nd rdwith recombinant protein, the 2 with inactivated vaccine and the 3 one was treated as Control. Blood samples were collected to determine the ELISA antibody titers, pre-immunization and post-immunization at one week interval. Presently, the samples are being processed for antibody titer determination. The results showed little role of 100k protein in protection of birds against infection challenge.

Production of NIAB HS Vaccine

A total of 0.3 million doses of NIAB HS Vaccine were produced during 2015 for the Government of Punjab for its mass vaccination campaign in the province.

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Annual Report 2015Activity Animal Science

LAMP assay to detect PPRV in different tissues of infected goat

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V. SUMMARYActivity report of NIAB for the year 2015 comprise the achievements of four scientific divisions as Plant Breeding and Genetics, Plant Protection, Soil Science and Animal Science. The inter- and intra-divisional programs are interlinked to achieve a common goal of food security of the nation and to develop human resource in the form of M.Phil. and Ph.D. scholars in the field of Biological Sciences in affiliation with PIEAS.

The pre-basic seed of approved varieties of crops was multiplied and provided to PSC, growers and seed producing agencies. Multiplication included about 2298 kg seed of three cotton varieties (NIAB-Kiran, NIAB-112, NIAB-IR-824), 575 kg of coarse rice (Niab-Irri-9), 0.5 ton coarse certified rice seed by PSC (NIAB-Rice 2013), 690 kg of chickpea (CM-2008, CM-98, advance line CH-38/04) and 2309 kg of mungbean (NM-2006 and NM-2011).The share of NIAB varieties in cultivation by farmers in Punjab has been remarkable, especially in case of mungbean it was more than 70%. Huge work for different developmental stages of varieties includes mutations, hybridization, preliminary, locational, multi-locational, adabtability, provintial, national yield trials and spot examinations. A non-Bt cotton line NIAB-2008 and Mungbean line NM-9 was recommended by the ESC for its approval. Spot examinations of one each of Basmati rice, chickpea and sesame was conducted by ESC. Many advance lines of cotton, rice, pulses, tomato, and seedless kinnow performed well in national yield trials as candidate varieties.

Integrated pest management was adopted in vegetables by integrating bio-control and chemical control. In okra(weekly releases of Trichogramma, 1-2 pesticide sprays), in cauliflower (4 releases of Trichogramma), in tomato (7 releases of Trichogramma, 3 sprays) and in brinjal (inundated releases of C. carnea) sucking insect pests and fruit borers were managed successfully. Off season rearing of ladybird beetles and C. carnea was continued on natural and artificial diets for lab experiments and to increase their rearing potential. Insect and food toxicology studies were conducted to compare the effect of insecticides on soil micro flora. Studies on the fate of mycotoxins in food and their reduction using organic acids especially in chili were undertaken. Field tests on optimization of insecticides doses and standardization of 55 insecticides of different companies sent by Ministry of National Food Security and Research was carried out against insect pests in many crops. Screening of cotton, rice, tomato, mungbean, lentil and chickpea advance lines was done against insect pests and fatal diseases. Induced systemic resistance was determined in chickpea and tomato against wilt, phyllody and shoestring diseases by applying plant extracts in comparison with Salicylic acid and Benzothiadiazole.

A total of 0.3 million doses of NIAB HS vaccine was produced for the Government of Punjab for mass vaccination campaign of large animals.Molecular diagnoses and vaccine development studies for Foot-and-Mouth(FMD), Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), and Hydro-Pericardium Syndrome (HPS) are in progress. Results on enzyme supplemented animal feed indicated that animals attained average weight of 2.36 (male goats) and2.16 kg (male sheep) after one month and their fattening programs can be adopted to earn substantial profit. Hay formulations from forages performed better in nutrition in Lucern followed by Berseem, and Millet whereas, leaf meal from Moringa and Janter showed high feeding potential. Studies were conducted on up-gradation of agro-industrial wastes/by-products for amino acid production through bacteria. Serum profile tests of buffaloes concluded that cyclic, acyclic and conceived buffaloes exhibit different trends in the levels of oxidants, antioxidants and reproductive and stress hormones. Screening of chloramphenicol (CAP) in meat and milk was standardized and validated using CHARMS kits. VDR Labs cleared Proficiency Testing (PT) from Progetto Trieste Italy for CAP in milk by ELISA. Documentation for ISO-17025 Lab Management

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System has been completed and under way for accreditation from PNAC.

Management of existing tree plantation of two Acacia and one Eucalyptus species on an area of 250 acres at Pacca Anna was continued, whereas new plantation of A. ampliceps was made on 9 acres. Other activities include salinity tolerance studies on wheat and barley on 20 acres, feeding/experimental requirements of forages/grasses for goat/sheep on 15 acres, nursery development of plant saplings for different stakeholders, especially of A. ampliceps to meet the demand of KCP, Jauharabad and NIBGE R&D, and development of agroforestry systems. Screening and growth improvement of wheat was done for drought tolerance through Silicon and foliar application of NPK. Drip irrigation saved 50% of water and improved NPK uptake in maize by using soluble fertilizers developed at NIAB. Phosphorus Acid (PA) proved to be better source of P (47.5% P availability) as compared to DAP(31.5% P availability) to achieve high wheat yield in alkaline calcareous soils. PA applied with FYM at lower rate yielded almost double biomass of wheat and maize than PA applied alone at the same rate. Application of K in soil increased the Zn content in wheat under optimally P fertilized soils. High paddy yield was obtained when Zn was applied through soil and foliar spray. Zn, Cu and B foliar spray improved kinnow yield and quality, effective concentration of these micronutrients were 0.3, 0.1 and 0.2% respectively. Rice straw could be used as low cost bio-adsorbents for removal of heavy metal, lead (Pb) from polluted waste water. Nutrient and water use efficiency of soil under mulch based cropping system was improved.

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VI. PUBLICATIONS1. Abbas G. Hameed A. Rizwan M. Ahsan M. Asghar MJ and Iqbal N. 2015. Genetic confirmation of

mungbean (Vigna radiata) and mashbean (Vigna mungo) interspecific recombinants using molecular markers. Front. Plant Sci. 6: 1107. doi: 10.3389/ fpls. 2015. 01107.

2. Akhtar S. Ahsan M. Asghar MJ. Abbas G. Ahmed F and Rizwan M. 2015. Comparison of hybridization and induced mutations as sources of creating genetic variability for various traits in lentil (Lens culinarisMedik.). SABRAO J. Br. Genet. 47(4): 394-405.

3. Akhtar KP. Hussain M. Hassan M. Sarwar M. Sarwar N. 2015. Evaluation of Bt-cotton genotypes for resistance to cotton leaf curl disease under high inoculums pressure in the field and using graft inoculation in glasshouse. Plant Pathology J. 3(2): 132-139.

4. Ali H. Akhtar KP. Shah TM. Iqbal N. 2015. Virulence and genetic variability of Neocosmospora vasinfecta causing root rot. J. Plant Pathology. 97(1): 209.

5. Ali H. Akhtar KP. Shah TM and Iqbal N. 2015. Pathogenic and genetic variability of Neocosmospora vasinfecta causing root rot in chickpea. J. Plant Pathology. 97(1): 209-220.

6. Arshad M. Khan HAA. Rehman MA and Saeed NA. 2015. Incidence of Insect Predators and Parasitoids on Transgenic Bt Cotton in Comparison to Non-Bt Cotton Varieties. Pakistan J. Zool. 47(3): 823-829.

7. Arshad HMI. Naureen S. Saleem K. Ali S. Jabeen T and Babar MM. 2015. Morphological and biochemical characterization of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates collected from Punjab during 2013. Adv. Life. Sciences. 2(3):125-130.

8. Atta BM. Shokat S and Saleem K. 2015. Improvement of wheat for drought tolerance. Annual Wheat Newsletter. 61: 42-43.

9. Atta BM. Shokat S. Saleem K. 2015. Genetic variation in exotic durum wheat accessions. Annual Wheat Newsletter, Kansas State University. 61: 41

10. Atta BM. Shokat S. Saleem K. 2015. Improvement of wheat for drought tolerance. Annual Wheat Newsletter, Kansas State University. 61: 42-43.

11. Atta BM. Shokat S. Saleem K. Jamil M. Kazi AG and Kazi AM. 2015. Evaluation of synthetic wheat lines under normal irrigated conditions. Annual Wheat Newsletter, Kansas State University. 61: 36-37.

12. Atta BM. Shokat S. Saleem K. Jamil M. Kazi A.G. and Kazi AM. 2015. Evaluation of synthetic wheat lines under normal irrigated conditions. Annual Wheat Newsletter. 61: 36-37.

13. Atta BM. Shokat S. Saleem K. Jamil M. Kazi AG and Kazi AM. 2015. Field evaluation of synthetic and durum wheat lines in replicated yield trial. Annual Wheat Newsletter, Kansas State University. 61: 38-40.

14. Awan AR. Siddiqui MT. Mahmood K. Khan RA and Maqsood M. 2015. Interactive effect of integrated nitrogen management on wheat production in Acacia nilotica and Eucalyptus camaldulensis based alley cropping systems. Int. J Agric Biol. 17(6): 1270-1274.

15. Bukhari MA. Ashraf MY. Ahmad R. Waraich EA and Hameed M. 2015. Improving drought tolerance potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through exogenous silicon supply. Pakistan J. Bot. 47(5): 1641-1648.

16. Chughtai MI. Mahmood K and Awan AR. 2015. Growth performance of carp species fed on salt-tolerant roughages and formulated feed in brackish water under polyculture system. Pakistan J. Zool. 47(3): 775-781.

17. Chughtai MI. Maqbool U. and Ahmed R. 2015. Compositional properties of three freshwater Carp

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species grown in brackish water. J. Microbiol. Biotech. Food Sci., 4: 532-535.

18. Fan K. Bibi N. Gan S. Li F. Yuan S. Ni M. Wang M. Shen H. Wang X. 2015. A novel NAP member GhNAP is involved in leaf senescence in Gossypium hirsutum. J. Expt. Botany. 66(15): 4669-4682.

19. Fan K. Shen H. Bibi N. Li F. Yuan SN. Wang M. and Wang X. 2015. Molecular evolution and speciesspecific expansion of the NAP members in plants. J. Integ. Plant Biology. 57(8): 673-687.

20. Ghana S. Suleman N. and Compton SG. 2015. Ability to gall: the ultimate basis of host specificity in fig wasps? Ecological Entomology. 40(3): 280-291.

21. Ghana S. Suleman N and Compton SG. 2015. A comparison of pollinator fig wasp development in figs of Ficus montana and its hybrids with Ficus asperifolia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 156(3): 225-237.

22. Ghazala. Mehboob S. Ghanim KA. Balawi HF. Sultana S. Sultana T. Asi MR and Ahmed Z. 2014. Acute Toxicityof commonly used organophosphates and carbamates to Labeo rohita fingerlings. Bothalia J. 44(1): 2-9.

23. Ghazala. Shahid M. Sultana S. Sultana T. Ahmad L and Asi MR. 2014. Cholinesterases: Cholinergic biomarkers for the detection of sublethal effects of organophosphorous and carbamates in Catla catla.Int. J. Agric. Biol. 16: 406-410.

24. Habib M. Shah MS. Muzammil HM. Manzoor S. Khan RSA. Munir R. Rajput ZI. Umer, F. 2014. Investigations of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Faisalabad district of Punjab, Pakistan during the year 2013. Pak. J. Life Soc. Sci. 12: 165-169.

25. Hasnain M. Nadeem S. Ishfaq M. Nadeem MK. Hamed M. Hussain D. Ahmad SF and Saeed NA. 2014. Existence of natural population of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in sugarcane in district Vehari under field conditions. Pak. Entomol. 36(1): 57-60.

26. Hassan HM. Azhar FM. Khan AA. Basra MSA and Hussain M. 2015. Characterization of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm for drought tolerance using seedling traits and molecular markers. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 17: 1213-1218.

27. Hassan HM. Maqsood M. Wajid SA. Ranjha AM. 2015. Rooting pattern and nitrogen use efficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under moisture stress conditions. J. Animal Plant Sci. 25(5): 1429-1440.

28. Hina Shahzadi, Sheikh MA. Hameed A. Jamil A. and Rehman S. 2015. Comparative antioxidant potential and bioactivity of maize (Zea mays) ear tissues from different genotypes. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 17(3): 539-546.

29. Hussain B. Sultana S. Sultana T. Iqbal, Z. Nadeem S. and Mahboob S. 2015. Habitat induced mutational effects and fatty acid profile changes in bottom dweller Cirrhinus mrigala inhabitant of river Chenab. Grasas Y Aceites. 66: 75-83.

30. Ilyas A. Ashraf MY. Hussain M. Ashraf M. Ahmed R and Kamal A. 2015. Effect of micronutrients (Zn, Cu and B) on photosynthetic and fruit yield attributes of Citrus Reticulata Blanco var. Kinnow. Pakistan J. Bot. 47: 1241-1247.

31. Iqbal SZ. Rabbani T. Asi MR and Jinap S. 2014. Assessment of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in breakfast cereals. Food Chemistry. 157: 257-262.

32. Iqbal SZ. Asi MR and Jinap S. 2014. Aflatoxins in dates and dates products. Food Control. 43: 163-166.

33. Iqbal SZ. Asi MR. Jinap S and Rashid U. 2014. Detection of aflatoxins and zearalenone contamination in wheat derived products. Food Control. 35: 223-226.

34. K. Saleem, Arshad HMI and Babar MM. 2015. First report of foliar blight of field bindweed

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(Convolvulus arvensis) from Pakistan. Mycopath. 13(1): 67-69.

35. Kausar A. Khurshid A. Ashraf MY. Ghafoor R and Gull M. 2015. Photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance potential and water uptake in selected rice cultivars (Oryza sativa.) under various saline conditions. SYLWAN. 159(3): 258-265.

36. Kausar S. Hameed S. Haque I. Saleem K. Zamurrad M. Ashfaq M. 2015. Molecular confirmation of Bdv2 gene in wheat germplasm and its Field based assessment for resistance against Barely Yellow Dwarf Viruses. Adv. Life Sci. 3(1): 16-22.

37. Khan EU and Liu JH. 2015. Development of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for mature seed-derived callus tissues of Citrus cultivar 'Gailiangcheng orange x Weizhang Satsuma mandarin'. Int. J. Development Res. 5: 5636-5643.

38. Kjellberg F. Suleman N. Raja S. Tayou A. McKeyMH and Compton SG. 2014. Some pollinators are more equal than others: factors influencing pollen loads and seed set capacity of two actively and passively pollinating fig wasps. Acta Oecologica. 57: 73-79.

39. Malik W. Abid MA. Cheema HMN. Khan AA. Iqbal MZ. Qayyum A. Hanif M. Bibi N. Yuan SN. Yasmeen A. Mahmood A. Ashraf J. 2015. From Qutn to Bt Cotton: Development, adoption and prospects. A review. Cytology and Genetics. 49(6): 73-85.

40. Malik W. Khan AA. Cheema HMN. Aslam U. Iqbal MZ. Qayyum A. Yasmeen A and Bibi N. 2015. Transcriptome analysis of pigment related genes in colored cotton. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 17: 205-21.

41. Maqbool MA. Aslam M. Ali H. Shah TM. Farid B and Zaman Q. 2015. Drought tolerance indices based evaluation of chickpea advanced Lines under different water treatments. Research on Crops. 16(2): 336-344.

42. Mubeen M. Arshad HMI. Iftikhar Y. Bilqees I. Arooj S and Saeed HMA. 2015. In-vitro efficacy of antibiotics against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri through inhabitation zone techniques. Int. J. Agric. Appl. Sci. 7(1): 67-71.

43. Mubeen M. Arshad HMI. Iftikhar Y. Ullah MI and Bilqees I. 2015. Biochemical characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri: a gram negative bacterium causing Citrus canker. Int. J. Science Nature. 6(2): 151-154.

44. Mumtaz MW. Raza MA. Hussain S. Imran M. Abbas MN. Ahmed Z and Hussain M. 2015. Characterization of drain surface water: Environmental profile, degradation level and geo-statistic monitoring. Pakistan J. Analyt Environ. Chem. 16: 28-37.

45. Nabi G. Shokat S. Azhar MT and Azhar FM. 2015. Genetic basis of ion uptake and proline accumulation in Gossypium hirsutum L. Bulgarian J. Agric. Sciences. 21: 835-842.

46. Naeem A. Saifullah. Ghafoor A and Farooq M. 2015. Suppression of cadmium concentration in wheat grains by silicon is related to its application rate and cadmium accumulating abilities of cultivars. J. Sci. Food Agric. 95: 2467-2472.

47. Naveed M. Arif MJ and Ahmed N. 2015. Adult emergence percentage on irradiated fruit flies, Bactrocera zonata & Bactrocera cucurbitae. J. Entomol. Nematol. 7: 26-27.

48. Nawaz F. Ahmad R. Ashraf MY. Waraich EA and Khan SZ. 2015. Effect of selenium foliar spray on physiological and biochemical processes and chemical constituents of wheat under drought stress. Ecotoxycol Environ. Saf. 113: 191-200.

49. Nawaz F. Ashraf MY. Ahmad R. Waraich EA. Shabbir RN and Bukhari MA. 2015. Supplemental selenium improves wheat grain yield and quality through alterations in biochemical processes under normal and water deficit conditions. Food Chem, 175: 350-357.

50. Perveen S. Rasool F. Bhatti EM. Chughtai MI and Saman Z. 2015. Growth performance and

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proximate composition of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in saline environments. Int. J. Biosci. 6: 242-249.

51. Perveen S. Yousaf M. Sarwar N. Saleem K. Zahoor AF. Mushtaq MN and AnjumA. 2015. Extraction, Isolation and Structure Confirmation of Cocks comb (Celosia argentea) Leaves Components for Phytotoxic Evaluation against Lepidium sativum. Oxidation communications. 38: 141-149.

52. Qayyum MA. Wakil W. Arif MJ. Sahi ST. Saeed NA and Russell DA. 2015. Multiple resistance against formulated organophosphates, Pyrethroids, and newer-chemistry insecticides in populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. J. Econ. Entomol. 108(1): 286-293.

53. Raja S. Suleman N and Compton SG. 2014. Foundress fig wasps are more likely to re-emerge from older figs. J. Insect Behavior. 27: 786-790.

54. Raja S. Suleman N. Quinnell R J and Compton SG. 2015. Interactions between pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps: correlations between their numbers can be misleading. Entomological Science. 18(2): 230-236.

55. Randhawa MA. Anjum FM. Asi MR. Ahmad A and Nawaz H. 2014. Field incurred endosulfan residues in fresh and processed vegetables and dietary intake assessment. International J. Food Properties. 17: 1109-1115.

56. Rehman MZ. Rizwan M. Ghafoor A. Naeem A. Ali S. Sabir M and Qayyum MF. 2015. Effect of inorganic amendments for in situ stabilization of cadmium in contaminated soils and its phyto-availability to wheat and rice under rotation. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 22(21): 16897-16906.

57. Saleem K. Arshad HMI. Shokat S and Atta BM. 2015. Appraisal of wheat germplasm for adult plant resistance against stripe rust. J. Plant Protec. Res. 55(4): 405-414.

58. Saleem M. Qureshi TM. Ashraf MY. Hassan M. Haq A. Mahmood K. 2015. Delayed planting and genotype effect grain protein and yield of wheat. Int. J. Biol. Biotech. 12(1): 85-89.

59. Saleem MY. Akhtar KP. Iqbal Q. Asghar M and Shoaib M. 2015. Development of high yielding and blight resistant hybrids of tomato. Pakistan J. Agric. Sci. 52(2): 293-299.

60. Saleem MY. Akhtar KP. Iqbal Q. Asghar M and Shoaib M. 2015. Transfer of cucumber mosaic virus resistance into hybrids of tomato. Pakistan J. Agric. Sci. 52(3): 671-675.

61. Saleem MY. Asghar M and Iqbal Q. 2015. Analysis of genetic proximity in tomato (Solanum lycpersicum) genotypes. J. Environ. Agric. Sci. 3: 8-13.

62. Sarwar N. Ishaq W. Farid G. Shaheen MR. Imran M. Geng M and Hussain S. 2015. Zinc–cadmium interactions: Impact on wheat physiology and mineral acquisition. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 122: 528-536.

63. Sattar, M. Hamed M. Nadeem S and Shafique M. 2015. Effect of altering parent sex ratio on egg laying and subsequent development in Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Pakistan J. Zool. 47(5): 1355-1360.

64. Serfraz S. Amin I. Mansoor S and Akhtar KP. 2015. Recombination Among Begomoviruses on Malvaceous Plants Leads to the Evolution of Okra Enation Leaf Curl Virus in Pakistan. J. Phytopathology. 163(9): 764-776.

65. Shabbir RN. Ashraf MY. Waraich EA. Ahmad R and Shahbaz M. 2015. Combined effects of drought stress and NPK foliar spray on growth, physiological processes and nutrient uptake in wheat. Pakistan J. Bot. 47:1207-1216.

66. Shah MS. Ashraf A. Khan MI. Rahman M. Habib and Qureshi JA. 2015. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of 100k gene of fowl adenovirus-4 for prevention and control of hydropericardium syndrome Biologicals. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biologicals2015.10.002

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67. Shakeel A. Talib I. Rashid M. Saeed A. Ziaf K and Saleem MF. 2015. Genetic diversity among upland cotton genotypes for quality and yield related traits. Pakistan J. Agri. Sci., 52(1): 73-77.

68. Shokat S. Azhar FM. Nabi G. and Iqbal Q. 2015. Estimation of heritability and genetic advance for some characters related to earliness in tomato. J. Agric. Res. 53: 351-356

69. Siddique Z. Akhtar KP. Hameed A. Haq I. Ashraf MY. Sarwar N and Khan MKR. 2015. Physiological response of cotton leaf curl Burewala virus-infected plants of tolerant and susceptible genotypes of different Gossypium species. J Plant Pathol. 97(3): 483-490.

70. Suleman N. Quinnell RJ. Compton SG. 2014. Floral ratios in Ficus montana figs span the range from actively to passively pollinated fig trees. Acta Oecologica. 57: 67-72.

71. Suleman N. 2015. Heterodynamic processes in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coccinellidae; Coleoptera): a mini review. Entomological Science. 18(2): 141-146.

72. Suleman N. Sait S. and Compton SG. 2015. Female figs as traps: their impact on the dynamics of an experimental fig tree-pollinator-parasitoid community. Acta Oecologica. 62: 1-9.

73. Ullah R. Akhtar KP. Hassan I. Saeed M. Sarwar N and Mansoor S. 2015. Evidence of Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus variant and its associate betasatellite causing yellow mosaic of eggplant (Solanum melongena) in Pakistan. J. Phytopathology. 163(3): 233-237.

74. Waqar I. Khan IA. Khan AI. Shah SSM and Afzal M. 2015. Genetic analysis of some morphological and yield contributing traits in upland cotton. Sci. lett. 3(2): 57-61.

75. Waraich EA. Ahmad Z. Ahmad R. Saifullah and Ashraf MY. 2015. Foliar applied phosphorous enhanced growth, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes and PUE in wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.). J. Plant Nutr. 38: 1929-1943.

76. Zafar S. Ashraf MY. Niaz M. Kausar A and Hussain J. 2015. Evaluation of wheat genotypes for salinity tolerance using physiological indices as screening tool. Pakistan J. Bot. 47: 397- 405.

77. Zafar SA. Shokat S. Saddam MS and Ahmed HGMD. 2015. Evaluation of Salinity Tolerance in Rice at Early Growth Stage. Adv. Life Sci. 2: 142-149.

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VII. APPENDICESi. Research Projects (On-going)

Title of Project Source Budget (Rs. M)

Principal Investigator

IAEA CRP No. 17637. Managing saline irrigation water involving isotopic techniques for sustainable food/feed and fuel production on salt-affected soil in semi-arid environments

IAEA € 7000 Dr. Khalid Mahmood, DCS

IAEA-CRP (D23029). Breeding for high yielding long grain rice with adaptation to high temperatures

IAEA € 8400 Dr. Muhammad Ashraf, PS

IAEA TCP PAK 5048. Strengthening capabilities to monitor and control veterinary drug residues in foodstuffs

IAEA €218,644 Dr. Uzma Maqbool,

IAEA CRP 16371. Molecular epidemiology and control of foot-and-mouth disease in Pakistan

IAEA €32000 Dr. Mudasser Habib,

IAEA RAS 5060. Supporting early warning response and control of trans boundary animaldiseases

IAEA - Dr. Mudasser Habib,

IAEA CRP No. 17637. Managing saline irrigation water involving isotopic techniques for sustainable food/feed and fuel production on salt-affected soil in semi-arid environments

IAEA €7000 Dr. Khalid Mahmood, DCS

IAEA CRP No.16372. Improvement in nutrient and water use efficiency under mulch-based cropping system

IAEA 0.81 Mr. Wajid Ishaque, SS

RAS 2014030/RAS5075. Improving sustainable cotton production through enhanced resilience to climate change. (PI/DTM/CP).

IAEA €307,000 Dr. Manzoor Hussain, PS

Development of short duration, high yielding and disease resistant mungbean cultivars for rice-wheat cropping system

PARB 2.639 Dr. Ghulam Abbas, SS

Improvement of lentil germplasm for high seed yield and disease resistance

PARB 1.175 Dr. M. Jawad Asghar, PS

Development of broad-spectrum Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) resistant Basmati variety carrying multiple genes pyramided through marker assisted backcross breeding

PARB-ADB 2.00 Hafiz M.Imran Arshad, SS. & Dr. M. Rashid, PS

Improvement of chickpea productivity through the identification of drought tolerant and disease resistant chickpea genotypes for marginal lands

PARB Completed Dr. Tariq M. Shah,DCS

Developing guidelines for improving water use efficiency and testing of locally developed water soluble fertilizers under drip irrigation system for various crops

PARB 2.664 Dr. Asma Hassan, PS

PS

PS

PS

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Isolation, characterization and bioremediation potential of the EPS-producing biofilm bacteria from brackish and polluted irrigation water.

PSF 0.312 Dr. M. Ashraf, PS

Development of cost-effective and potential bio-control agents for area wide management of sucking pests in Bt-Cotton.

PSF 1.80 Dr.Nazia Suleman, PS

PSF/NSLP/P-NIAB (149). Improvement of Low Phytate Basmati Rice

PSF Completed Dr. Zia-ul-Qamar, PS

PSF/NSLP/P-NIAB (164). Development of high yielding and disease resistant hybrid of tomato

PSF Completed Dr. M. Yussuf Saleem, PS

Beans with benefits: Integrating Mungbean as a catch crop into the dry land system of South and Central Asia for better livelihoods and improved soil fertility

AVRDC 0.517 Dr. Ghulam Abbas, SS

Use of zinc-and iodine-containing fertilizers for bio-fortification of wheat with zinc and iodine

Sabanci Univ., Turkey

$20000 Dr. Khalid Mahmood, DCS

Short Listed Projects

“Development of heat tolerant cotton varieties having enhanced resilience against changing climatic scenario.”

ALP- PARC 8.75 Dr. Manzoor Hussain, PS andDr. Amjad Hameed, PS

Protected cultivation of vegetables AVRDC 0.085 Dr. M. Y. Saleem, PS

Intervention of modified Nitrogen fertilizers for high efficiency to enhance crop yield

AIP 5.00 Dr. Mehmood-ul-Hassan, PS

Submitted Projects

IAEA-RCA. Building capacity for application of nuclear techniques for enhancing cereal crop productivity in the region.”

IAEA - Ms. Sajida Bibi, SS

Development and deployment of agrobacterium-mediated inoculation technique for the efficient and screening of chickpea mungbean mutants against chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) and mungbean yellow mosaic india virus (MYMIV)

IAEA €30000 Dr. Sumaira Yousaf, PS

IAEA Inter-Regional TCP INT 5154. Improving foodsafety through the creation of an interregional network that produces reliable scientific data using nuclear and isotopic techniques

IAEA - Mr. Mujahid Hussain,

IAEA Regional TCP RAS 5078. Enhancing foodsafety laboratory capabilities and establishing a network in asia to control veterinary drug residues and related chemical contaminants

IAEA - Dr. Uzma Maqbool, PS

Early detection and epidemiology of transboundary animal diseases using moleculartechniques for better prevention and control

IAEA €18500 Dr. M. Salahuddin Shah, SS

PS

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PAK 5050. Developing a facility for the diagnosis of transboundary animal diseases and vaccine production

IAEA €220000 Dr. Mudasser Habib,

Development of cotton variety with double Bt gene

PARB 21.217 Dr. Sajjad Haider, PS

Development of zinc biofortification technologies and screening of zinc-efficient genotypes of edible crops in cropping systems of Pakistan

PARB 47.285 Dr. Mehmood -ul-Hassan, PS

Aflaxoton in rice and its control PARB 260 Dr. M. Rafique Asi, PS

Control of multi-species aphid out-break in wheat through a structured IPM program

PARB 3.20 Dr. Rashid Ahmad Khan, PS

Development of transgenic resistance in tomatoes against Gemini viruses

PARB 22.00 Dr. Sumaira Yousaf, PS

Post-harvest treatment of tomato with simple, low cost and environment safe chemicals for the improvement of shelf life and quality

PARB 5.00 Dr. Sumaira Yousaf, PS

Management of economically important diseases, using environment friendly chemical and plant extracts

PARB 5.00 Dr. Sumaira Yousaf, PS

Microbial up-gradation of industrial waste/ by-products for amino acids, and their role in poultry feed fortification)

PARB 5.00 Dr. Shahid Nadeem, PS

Strengthening capabilities to monitor, control and document the chemical contaminants in food

PARB 18.113 Dr. Uzma Maqbool, PS

A collaborative project with buffalo research institute. Evaluation of local hormone delivery device to improve reproductive problems of buffalo

PARB 14.507 Dr. Rehana Kauser, PS

A collaborative project with buffalo rerearchInstitute. To combat reproductive problems ofbuffalo by the use of locally prepared MAP

sponges

PARB 5.00 Dr. Rehana Kauser, PS

To exploit various rumen manipulation strategies for better animal productivity

ALP- PARB 4.60 Dr. H. Noubahar Hussain, SS

PSF-NSLP. Induction of herbicide tolerance in chickpea through mutagenesis and identification of novel alleles through reverse genetic approach

PSF 8.00 Dr. Amjad Hameed, PS

PSF-NSLP. Application of biomarkers and stableisotope probing (SIP) technique to develop microbial-based strategies for plant disease management

PSF 8.00 Dr. Rubina Arshad, PS

PARB-AIP. Development of nutraceutical byproducts from rice bran

AIP 4.60 Dr. Rubina Arshad, PS

PS

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PSF-NSLP. Development of high yielding rice genotypes for submergence tolerance endowed with improved quality through induced mutation

PSF 7.80 Ms. Sajida Bibi, SS

Development of genotype -matched country -specific vaccine against foot - and-mouth disease (FMD)

PSF 20.00 Dr.Mudasser Habib, PS

Performance evaluation of promising cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes/varieties on farmer’s field

PSF 2.00 Dr. Sajjad Haider, PS

Genetic mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance in novel germplasm of wheat

IFS - Dr. Mian Abdur Rehman Arif, SS

Genetic mapping of root system architecture in wheat affected by salt stress at early stage

IFS - Mr. Sajid Shokat, JS

Boosting chickpea immunity to Aschochyta blight with plant steroids

IFS 1.20 Dr. Noreen Bibi, SS

Genomics and metabolomics asssited breedng for frost and drought tolérance in chickpea

ALP Dr. Anjuman Arif, PS

Rearing and ecological studies of egg parasitoids Trichrogramma for biological control of lepidopterous pest of okra, cauliflower and tomato (short listed)

ALP 2.851 Dr. Sajid Nadeem, Ps

A collaborative project with UVAS under HEC start up Research Grant Programme. Relationship of luteinizing hormone surge with standing estrus, size of pre-ovulatory follicle, timing of ovulation and breeding in beetle goats (Provisionally awarded)

HEC 0.50 Dr. Rehana Kauser, PS

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ii. Scientists/Administration

Dr. Muhammad Hamed, CS/Director

Plant Breeding & Genetics Division Soil Science Division Technical Services Division

Dr. Tariq Mahmud Shah, DCS/HoD Dr. Javed Akhtar, CS Mr. Masood-ul-Hasan, DCE/HoD

Dr. Nasim Akhtar, DCS Dr. Khalid Mahmood, DCS/HoD Mr. Arfan Waheed, PS

Dr. Manzoor Hussain, PS Dr. Tariq Mahmood, DCS Dr. Naeem Ahmad, PS

Dr. M. Yussouf Saleem, PS Dr. M. Yasin Ashraf (TI), DCS Mr. Jafar Hussain, SS

Dr. Rubina Arshad, PS Dr. Asma Hassan, PS Dr. Muhammad Asif Kamran, SS

Dr. Muhammad Asghar, PS Dr. Muhammad Ashraf, PS Mr. Muhammad Akram, ARO

Dr. M. Kashif Riaz Khan, PS Dr. Muhammad Akhtar, PS Administration

Dr. Muhammad Rashid, PS Dr. Muhammad Aslam, PS Mr. Sajjad Mahmud, Pr. Admn.

Dr. Anjuman Arif, PS Dr. Abdul Rasul Awan, PS Lt. Col.(R) Abrar Hussain Shah ,OC 765 (I) Bn SSF

Dr. Ehsan Ullah Khan, PS Dr. Zafar Iqbal, PS Mr. Muhammad Ashraf, SPSO

Dr. Sajjad Haider, PS Miss. Asia Gulnaz, PS Mr. Zulfiqar Ali, Sr. Acc . Officer

Dr. Mahmood-ul-Hassan, PS Mr. Muhammad Yaqub, PS Mr. Tahir Mahmood, Admin Officer

Dr. Zia-ul-Qamar, PS Dr. Muhammad Saleem, PS Mr. Asif Mughal, Accounts Officer

Dr. Amjad Hameed, PS Dr. Rehm at Ali, SS Mr. M. Riaz Kausar, AAO

Dr. M. Jawad Asghar, PS Mr. Muhammad Rizwan, SS

Dr. Muhammad Ashraf, PS Mr. Wajid Ishaque, SS

Dr. Ghulam Abbas, SS Ms. Shermeen Tahir, SS

Ms. Sajida Bibi, SS Dr. Asif Naeem, SS

Syed Wajih-ul-Hassan, SS Dr. Muhammad Atif Riaz, SS

Dr. Abdul Rehman Khan, SS Mr. Nadeem Sarwar, JS/FM

Dr. Noreen Bibi, SS Dr. Muhammad Imran, SS

Dr. Hafiz Mumtaz Hassan, SS Ms. Ayesha Mustafa, JS

Dr. Mian Abdul Rehman Arif, SS Mr. Sana Ullah, JS

Dr. Aqsa Tabasum, JS Mr. Sabir Ali Sabir, ARO

Mr. Sajid Shokat, JS Animal Science Division

Mr. M. Qandeel Waheed, JS Mr. Mujahid Hussain, PS/HoD

Ms. Irem Waqar, JS Dr. Shahid Nadeem, PS

Plant Protection Division Dr. Uzma Maqbool, PS

Dr. Nighat Sarwar, DCS/HoD Dr. Rehana Kausar, PS

Dr. Sajid Nadeem, PS Dr. Mudasser Habib, PS

Dr. Rashid Ahmad Khan, PS Dr. M. Salah-ud-Din Shah, SS

Dr. Nazia Suleman, PS Mr. M. Ismail Chughtai, SS

Dr. M. Rafique Asi, PS Ms. Shumaila Yousaf, SS

Mr. Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar, PS Dr. H. Noubahar Hussain, SS

Dr. Sumaira Yousaf, PS Dr. Muhammad Farooq, SS

Ms. Asia Riaz, SS Ms. Mehwish Mumtaz, SE

Hafiz M. Imran Arshad, SS Mr. Tarique Hussain, JS

Mr. Noor Abid Saeed, SS Mr. Muhammad Shahzad, JS

Mr. Kamran Saleem, SS Mr. Irfan Ali, JS

Dr. Muzammil Sattar, SS

Mr. Muhammad Naveed, JS

Mr. Najeeb Ullah, JS

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iii. Promotion

S.# Name Promoted Date of promotion

From To

1. Dr. Muhammad Hamed Dy. Chief Scientist Chief Scientist 01-12-2015

2. Mr. Masood-ul-Hassan Pr. Engineer Dy. Chief Engineer 01-12-2015

3. Ms. Sumaira Yousaf Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2015

4. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2015

5. Dr. Mudasser Habib Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2015

6. Dr. M. Jawad Asghar Sr. Scientist Pr. Scientist 01-12-2015

iv. Transfer/Posting

S.# Name From To On

1. Mr. Muhammad Ashraf, SPSO PAEC’s HQ. NIAB, Faisalabad 02-01-2015

2. Syed Wajih-ul-Hassan, SS GINUM, Gujranwala

NIAB, Faisalabad 02-03-2015

3. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar, PS NIAB, Faisalabad NIFA, Peshawar 06-03-2015

4. Mr. Shahid Iqbal, PSO NIAB, Faisalabad NIBGE, Faisalabad

20-03-2015

5. Dr. Anjuman Arif, PS NIBGE, Faisalabad NIAB, Faisalabad 01-04-2015

6. Dr. Babar Manzoor Atta, PS NIAB, Faisalabad NIFA Peshawar 15-04-2015

7. Ms. Mehwish Mumtaz, Sr. Engineer

NCC, Islamabad NIAB, Faisalabad 18-05-2015

8. Mr. Fawad Muhammad, Accounts Officer

NIAB, Faisalabad NIFA, Peshawar 31-07-2015

9. Ms. Misbah Hameed, JS NIAB, Faisalabad NCC, Islamabad 31-08-2015

10. Mr. Asif Mughal, Accounts Officer

BINO, Bahalwalpur NIAB, Faisalabad 08-10-2015

v. Retirement

S.# Name Designation On

1. Mr. Zafar Iqbal Dy. Chief Scientist 01-03-2015

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vi. Spot Examination of Future Candidate Varieties

50

Annual Activity Report 2015Appendices

Experts visiting Rice Crop

Experts visiting Rice Crop Experts visiting Chickpea Crop

PARB team monitoring Chickpea experiment Experts visiting Chickpea Crop

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Annual Activity Report 2015Appendices

vii. Foreign Visits

Visit of Dr. Najat Mokhtar (Director TCP) IAEA

Visit of Dr. Oscar Acuna (Section Head TCP) IAEA

Visit of IRRI Consultanats Dr.Surapong Sarkarung (Plant Breeder), Dr. C. M. Vera cruz (Plant Pathalogist) and Dr. Joseph Rickman (Agri Engineer)

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viii. Local Visits

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Annual Report 2015Activity Appendices

Visit of Mr. Muhammad Naeem (Chairman PAEC)

Demonstration of Planter-cum-Fertilizer applicator (fabricated by NIAB-AMRI) to Chairman PAEC

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Annual Report 2015Activity Appendices

Mr. Najibullah Khan (Member Finance PAEC) visiting NIAB fields

Visit of Maj. Gen. Muhammad Tahir (DG Int. SPD) and Maj. Gen. Iftikhar Aamir (Desiganeted DG Int. SPD)

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Annual Report 2015Activity Appendices

ix.Training Courses and Workshop

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x.Farmer's Days

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Annual Activity Report 2015Appendices

Director Office Technical Services Division

Administration

Farm Branch Accounts

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57

Seat

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Page 64: Niab activity report_2015

NIAB, P.O.Box 128, Jhang Road, FaisalabadTel: 0092 41 2654210; 9201751-69; Fax: 9201776

Email: [email protected] Web: www.niab.org.pk

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