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Page 1: NHD Works Cited 2015 (2)

Bibliography    Primary  Sources:    Arriola,  Gus.  "Gordo."  Environment  and  Society  Portal.  1984.  Print.       “Gordo”  is  a  daily  comic  strip  created  by  Gus  Arriola  and  was  the  first  major       comic  with  Hispanic  characters.  It  honored  Rachel  Carson  on  the  anniversary       of  her  death  with  both  a  Sunday  and  weekday  strip,  which  assisted  in  my     research  by  allowing  me  to  understand  how  environmentalists  felt  towards     Carson’s  work.    It  also  helped  in  my  research  by  strengthening  the  impact  of     her  legacy  and  its  continuing  relevance  twenty  years  after  her  death.      Carson,  Rachel.  "Environmental  Hazards:  Control  of  Pesticides  and  Other  Chemical       Poisons."  Subcommittee  on  Reorganization  and  International  Organizations       of  the  Committee  on  Government  Operations.  4  June  1963.  Rachel  Carson       Council.  Web.         This  source  was  a  transcript  of  Rachel  Carson’s  testimony  before  the     congressional  subcommittee  that  was  investigating  the  claims  made  in  her     book.  It  was  one  of  her  last  public  appearances  and  final  plea  to  the  public  to     change  the  way  we  treat  our  ecosystems.  She  discusses  the  sources  of     contamination  and  the  ways  the  government  can  help  to  fix  it,  inserting  real     pieces  of  legislation  into  her  argument  to  strengthen  her  point.  It  helped  me     to  understand  her  perspective  on  the  issue  after  the  publication  of  Silent     Spring  and  to  strengthen  my  own  project  by  hearing  her  side  of  her  public     battle.        Carson,  Rachel.  Silent  Spring.  Boston:  Mariner,  1962.  Print.       This  book  was  the  basis  for  the  entirety  of  my  research.  Written  by  Rachel       Carson  in  1962,  it  demonstrates  the  clear,  climactic  style  of  writing  that     allowed  her  to  explain  pesticide  use  and  its  effects  so  poignantly  to  the     American  public.  This  writing  style  was  also  helpful  to  me-­‐  by  hearing     Carson’s  own  words,  I  was  able  to  capture  the  spirit  of  her  fight  and  place  it     into  my  own  project.  This  edition  also  included  an  introduction  by  Linda     Lear,  which  detailed  Carson’s  background  as  a  writer,  and  an  afterward  by     Edward  O.  Wilson  about  Silent  Spring’s  effect  on  the  environmental     movement.      DDT-­‐  For  Control  of  Household  Pests.  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  Mar.       1947:  Print.       This  was  an  advertisement  run  by  the  USDA  condoning  the  use  of  the  DDT     pesticide  for  controlling  pests  inside  the  home.  It  is  significant  because  at  this     time,  even  the  government  was  in  support  of  the  damaging  pesticide-­‐  it  

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  wasn’t  until  Rachel  Carson  that  it  was  considering  harmful.  It  helped  me  to     capture  why  the  public  believed  DDT  was  good  and  understand  the  appeal     that  allowed  it  to  become  such  an  integral  part  of  American  culture.      DDT  on  the  Farm.  1952.  Valhalla  Movement,  Montreal.       This  photograph  depicted  four  men  on  a  farm-­‐  two  city  officials  observing  as     two  farmers  sprayed  DDT  on  their  crops.  Since  none  of  the  men  are  wearing     any  protection,  it  helped  me  to  understand  the  misinformation  the  public     received  about  the  “safety”  of  synthetic  pesticides.  It  also  contributed  to  my     website  by  demonstrating  how  liberally  DDT  was  used,  especially  on  crops.      Doomsday  for  Pests.  Prod.  Jerry  Fairbanks.  Sherwin-­‐Williams  DDT,  1947.  Film.       This  was  a  propaganda  film  advertising  “Pestroy,”  a  new  pesticide  brand     created  by  Sherwin-­‐Williams.  It  discusses  the  benefits  of  DDT  and  presents  it     as  a  “miracle”  product.  To  do  this,  it  depicted  scientists  in  high-­‐tech     laboratories  and  other  imagery  seen  as  new  and  advanced.  It  aided  me  in  my     research  by  showing  me  first-­‐hand  exactly  how  DDT  became  popularized-­‐     through  the  deliberate  use  of  advertising  that  showed  only  the  benefits  of     DDT.      Eisenstaedt,  Alfred.  Rachel  Carson  at  Microscope.  1963.  Chatham  University,       Pittsburgh.       This  is  a  photograph  of  Rachel  Carson  sitting  at  a  microscope  in  her  home       examining  a  petri  dish  under  a  microscope.  It  was  taken  by  Alfred     Eisenstaedt,  the  photographer  responsible  for  the  iconic  Times  Square  kiss     photo  after  V-­‐J  day.    This  photo  was  an  example  of  those  neglected  by  the     press  because  it  portrayed  Rachel  Carson  as  the  scientist  she  was,  which     helped  me  to  understand  how  she  was  shown  in  popular  culture  by  her     critics.      "Go  Ahead  and  Eat,  Says  Cranberry  Expert."  Mirror  News  [Los  Angeles]  11  Nov.       1959:  n.  pag.  Print.       This  source  was  a  newspaper  article  about  the  Cranberry  Scare  of  1959,  one     of  the  first  environmental  trepidations  in  American  history.  It  helped  me  to     understand  the  feelings  the  public  had  towards  the  environment  in  1959     that  allowed  them  to  accept  and  fight  for  Silent  Spring.  I  also  included  a     photograph  of  the  article  in  my  project  as  it  strengthens  the  idea  that     environmentalism  was  just  starting  to  grow  in  the  late  1950’s.      Konig,  George.  Child  Delousing.  1945.  National  Public  Radio,  Texas.    

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  This  was  a  photograph  of  a  child  being  sprayed  directly  with  DDT  to  cure     head  lice  prior  to  the  DDT  ban  in  1972.  It  helped  to  demonstrate  to  me  just     how  liberally  DDT  was  used-­‐  neither  the  child  nor  the  nurse  administering     the  “treatment”  were  wearing  any  type  of  protection.  It  allowed  me  to     understand  the  reasons  why  Rachel  Carson  wanted  to  change  the  way  the     public  viewed  chemicals-­‐  to  give  the  public  the  protection  it  so  desperately     needed.      Lear,  Linda,  ed.  Lost  Woods:  The  Discovered  Writing  of  Rachel  Carson.  Boston:       Beacon,  1998.  Print.       This  book  was  a  collection  of  the  “lost”  writings  of  Rachel  Carson,  including     early  wildlife  writing,  journal  entries  and  a  letter  to  her  physician  near  the     end  of  her  life.  It  was  an  incredibly  powerful  glimpse  at  Carson  outside  of  the     public  eye  and  gave  me  valuable  insight  about  her  personality  and  activism.     It  also  contains  an  introduction  by  editor  Linda  Rear  about  the  legacy  of     Silent  Spring  itself  and  how  it  has  permanently  embedded  itself  into     American  culture.      Lehrer,  Tom.  Pollution.  Atlantic  Records,  1967.  MP3.       This  was  an  audio  recording  of  Tom  Lehrer’s  song  “Pollution,”  a  satirical     piano  piece  about  environmental  damage  in  America.  It  reflected  the  many     environmental  issues  facing  the  nation  in  1967  and  can  be  considered  the     first  “activist”  song  of  the  new  movement.  It  aided  in  my  research  by  helping     me  to  understand  how  people  during  this  time  felt  about  pollution  and  how     awareness  began  to  grow  about  the  environmental  crusade  itself.      Malarious  Areas  of  the  United  States.  Digital  image.  Center  for  Disease  Control.  Pan       American  Health  Organization,  Dec.  1969.  Web.       This  image  depicts  four  maps  of  the  United  States  with  highlighted  portions     showing  areas  infected  by  Malaria-­‐  beginning  at  1882  and  ending  in  1935.  It     is  significant  because  these  statistics  were  taken  prior  to  Paul  Müller’s     discovery  of  DDT,  therefore  showing  how  disease  carrying  insects  had     ravaged  the  American  south.  It  allowed  me  to  demonstrate  why  DDT  was     used  so  liberally  because  of  the  large  numbers  of  insects.      Near  Total  DDT  Ban  Announced.  Digital  image.  Michigan  State  University.  Library  of       Congress,  1972.  Web.       This  was  a  digital  image  of  a  newspaper  headline  published  the  year  of  the       DDT  ban.  While  it  is  just  a  small  clipping,  one  is  able  to  see  the  words       “Environmental  Protection  Agency  announced,”  suggesting  that  this  is  one  of     the  agency’s  first  major  achievements.  In  addition,  the  size  of  bold  typeset  of  

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  the  headline  allowed  me  to  see  how  large  and  controversial  a  decision  the     DDT  ban  was  in  1972.      Norris,  Len.  "Silent  Spring  by  Rachel  Carson  the  Pesticide  Threat."  The  Vancouver       Sun.  Vancouver:  1964.  Print.       This  was  a  comic  depicting  a  housewife  swatting  flies  with  her  copy  of  Silent     Spring.  It  reflected  the  opinions  of  Carson’s  critics,  who  believed  her  to  be  an     irrational  woman  with  a  great  fear  of  bugs.  This  new  perspective  assisted  me     in  my  research  by  showing  me  ways  that  Carson  was  criticized  by  the  public,     which  was  incredibly  beneficial  when  juxtaposed  to  the  pro-­‐Rachel  Carson     “Peanuts”  cartoons.      Nutrition  Lab  at  American  Cyanamid.  1960.  University  of  New  Mexico,  New  Mexico.       This  is  a  photograph  of  a  research  lab  at  American  Cyanamid,  the  chemical       company  that  employed  outspoken  Rachel  Carson  critic  Dr.  Robert  White-­‐     Stevens.  The  bright  colors  and  large  bottles  of  chemicals  show  the       stereotypical  idea  of  how  new,  “harmless”  technologies  were  developed  in     the  1960’s.  It  helped  me  in  my  project  by  strengthening  my  idea  of  how     people  felt  about  chemicals  during  this  time  and  how  those  chemicals  were     created.      "Press  Conference,  29  August  1962."  Interview  by  John  F.  Kennedy.  John  F.  Kennedy       Presidential  Library  &  Museum.  JFK  Foundation,  Web.       This  source  was  a  recording  of  a  press  conference  held  by  President  John  F.     Kennedy  in  1962,  shortly  before  the  Science  Advisory  Committee  had  begun     to  research  Silent  Spring.  It  demonstrates  Kennedy’s  knowledge  of  the     environmental  movement,  which  is  crucial  to  understanding  how  public     sentiment  influenced  White  House  actions.  It  also  helps  to  strengthen  the     idea  that  Carson  and  Silent  Spring  had  become  an  international  movement.      Schutz,  Bob.  Rachel  Carson  at  Typewriter.  1963.  AP  Images,  New  York.       This  is  a  photograph  of  Rachel  Carson  sitting  at  the  typewriter  she  used  to     write  Silent  Spring  at  her  home  in  Washington,  D.C.  As  a  primary  source,  it     helped  me  to  see  the  way  Rachel  Carson  wanted  to  be  portrayed  in  the     media-­‐  as  a  brilliant  writer  and  scientist-­‐  rather  than  a  housewife  and     mother.  I  used  it  in  the  “publication”  section  of  my  website  to  show  how     Silent  Spring  was  written.      Shapiro,  Judy.  E-­‐mail  interview.  28  Jan.  2015.       This  source  was  an  e-­‐mail  interview  with  Judy  Shapiro,  a  woman  who  grew     up  during  the  thalidomide  era  and  the  early  age  of  the  environmental  

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  movement.  Her  personal  experiences-­‐  especially  her  childhood  witnessing     victims  of  thalidomide-­‐  helped  me  gain  a  new,  personal  perspective  about     Rachel  Carson’s  work.  It  also  helped  me  to  visualize  what  growing  up  in  an     unregulated  chemical  industry  was  like.      The  First  Earth  Day.  1970.  Science  Blogs,  By  Greg  Laden.       This  was  a  photograph  of  a  rally  commemorating  the  first  earth  day  in  the     United  States  in  1970.  It  depicts  the  passion  and  enthusiasm  of  the     American  environmental  movement  by  showing  a  large  crowd  being  led  by  a     supporter.  It  aided  in  my  research  by  showing  what  a  significant  legacy     Rachel  Carson  left  behind  and  how  that  legacy  still  exists  today.      Use  of  Pesticides.  Rep.  President's  Science  Advisory  Committee.  John  F.  Kennedy       Presidential  Library  and  Museum,  15  May  1963.  Web.       This  source  was  the  online  publication  of  “Use  of  Pesticides,”  the  report       investigating  Rachel  Carson’s  claims  as  requested  by  President  John  F.     Kennedy.  It  is  a  fifty-­‐page  document  detailing  their  findings-­‐  however,  what     was  most  helpful  to  my  research  was  the  last  section  that  requested  agencies     take  action  to  help  the  environment.  This  document  was  successful  in     validating  Rachel  Carson’s  Silent  Spring,  silencing  chemical  companies  and     taking  the  first  steps  towards  environmental  protection  in  America.        Secondary  Sources:    Dant,  Sara.  E-­‐mail  interview.  13  Feb.  2015.       This  interview  was  done  over  e-­‐mail  with  Dr.  Sara  Dant,  a  history  professor     at  Weber  State  University  and  expert  on  environmental  politics  in  the  United     States.  Her  responses  were  unique  in  that  they  focused  on  the  power  of   Rachel  Carson’s  work  because  of  her  gender,  a  perspective  that  I  did  not     receive  from  any  other  interviewees.  Her  answers  helped  me  to  shape  a     conclusion  and  analysis  that  was  more  specific  to  Rachel  Carson  as  a  person-­‐     not  just  Rachel  Carson  as  a  scientist.    Deam,  Jim.  E-­‐mail  interview.  2  Feb.  2015.       This  was  an  interview  conducted  over  e-­‐mail  with  Dr.  Jim  Deam,  a  chemical     engineer  who  has  worked  in  the  industry  for  over  50  years.  His  perspective     was  crucial  to  understanding  the  impacts  of  Silent  Spring  from  the  industry  it     most  directly  affected,  and  helped  me  to  balance  my  research  by     understanding  Carson’s  story  from  all  possible  points  of  view.    Edwards,  J.  Gordon.  "The  Lies  of  Rachel  Carson."  21st  Century  Science  &  Technology    

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  Summer  1992.  Web.       This  source  was  a  magazine  article  criticizing  Silent  Spring  written  by  Dr.  J.     Gordon  Edwards,  then  a  biology  professor  at  San  Jose  State  University  and  an     outspoken  critic  of  Rachel  Carson  and  the  DDT  ban.  It  went  page  by  page  in     Silent  Spring,  taking  Carson’s  quotes  and  analyzing  them  based  on  accuracy.     While  this  source  was  considerably  biased,  it  helped  me  to  understand  the     flaws  in  Silent  Spring  that  made  Carson  the  subject  of  so  much  controversy.     This  made  my  research  more  balanced  overall.      Graham,  Frank,  Jr.  Since  Silent  Spring.  Boston:  Houghton  Mifflin,  1970.  Print.       This  book  was  exceptional  in  its  ability  to  describe  Rachel  Carson’s  legacy     and  the  impact  she  left  on  the  environmental  movement.  As  a  field  editor  for     Audubon  Magazine,  a  nature  magazine,  author  Frank  Graham  Jr.’s  writing     creates  a  poignant  retrospective  about  our  ecosystems  and  the  destruction     we  have  caused.  This  source  was  helpful  to  me  in  that  it  provided  specific     examples  of  pesticide  use  in  America  and  its  effects,  as  well  as  an  appendix     detailing  specific  pesticides  (including  DDT)  and  how  they  work  against     wildlife.  It  allowed  me  to  gain  a  scientific  understanding  of  what  we  can  do  to     improve  the  health  of  our  ecosystems,  a  movement  that  was  sparked  by     Rachel  Carson.      Griswold,  Eliza.  "How  ‘Silent  Spring’  Ignited  the  Environmental  Movement."  The  New       York  Times  21  Sept.  2012:  Print.       This  source  is  a  newspaper  article  covering  Rachel  Carson’s  impact  on  the     environmental  movement.  It  discusses  her  early  life  in  Springdale,     Pennsylvania,  Silent  Spring,  and  the  relevance  of  the  reforms  made  today.  It     helped  me  create  a  more  well-­‐rounded  project  by  hearing  Carson’s  story  in     someone  else’s  words,  giving  me  new  details  I  would  not  have  discovered     otherwise.      Hughes,  J.  Donald.  E-­‐mail  interview.  6  Feb.  2015.       This  interview  was  conducted  over  e-­‐mail  with  Mr.  J.  Donald  Hughes,  a     Professor  Emeritus  at  the  University  of  Denver  and  the  author  of  An     Environmental  History  of  the  World:  Humankind's  Changing  Role  in  the     Community  of  Life.  His  responses  focused  on  the  movement  that  came  from     Carson’s  work,  which  gave  me  new  insight  that  I  was  unable  to  find     anywhere  else.  In  addition,  Mr.  Hughes  also  directed  me  to  other  sources  that     proved  very  helpful  in  my  research.      Key,  Francis  S.  The  Star  Spangled  Banner.  Michel  Simone.  Rec.  27  Jan.  2009.  Smith  &       Co.  MP3.    

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  This  was  a  recording  of  the  Star  Spangled  Banner  as  performed  by  Michel     Simone,  a  concert  pianist.  Its  subtle,  proud  notes  were  both  respectful  and     powerful,  exactly  what  I  wanted  to  convey  when  talking  about  the  legacy  of     Rachel  Carson.  It  assisted  in  my  research  by  allowing  me  to  draw  emotion     from  my  readers,  an  important  part  of  honoring  the  memory  of  Rachel     Carson.      Lindblom,  Keith.  E-­‐mail  interview.  12  Feb.  2015.       This  was  an  e-­‐mail  interview  with  Mr.  Keith  Lindblom,  who  manages  the     American  Chemical  Society's  National  Historic  Chemical  Landmarks     Program.  His  responses  were  especially  well-­‐rounded  in  that  he  included     both  a  historian’s  and  a  chemist’s  perspective  on  Rachel  Carson.  This     included  the  scientific  explanation  of  what  DDT  is  and  how  it  works  against     the  environment.  This  helped  me  to  better  understand  why  Carson  worked     so  hard  to  ban  it.      Lytle,  Mark.  E-­‐mail  interview.  5  Feb.  2015.       This  interview  was  conducted  over  e-­‐mail  with  Dr.  Mark  Lytle,  a  professor  of     historical,  environmental  and  urban  studies  at  Bard  College  and  the  author     of  The  Gentle  Subversive:  Rachel  Carson,  Silent  Spring,  and  the  Rise  of  the     Environmental  Movement.  Lytle  was  an  incredibly  knowledgeable  source  who     discussed  Carson’s  story  in  great  detail,  most  specifically  what  made  her  so     successful  as  an  author.  This  was  a  section  I  found  difficult  to  research  and     Lytle’s  contributions  helped  me  to  fully  understand  this  part  of  Carson’s  life.    Madison,  Mark.  E-­‐mail  interview.  4  Feb.  2015.       This  source  was  an  e-­‐mail  interview  with  Dr.  Mark  Madison,  a  historian  at     the  United  States  Fish  and  Wildlife  Service.  His  responses  helped  me  to     understand  Rachel  Carson’s  story  from  the  perspective  of  an     environmentalist,  the  group  of  people  she  impacted  most  directly.     Additionally,  Madison’s  responses  focused  on  the  role  of  environmental     toxins,  helping  me  to  better  understand  the  effect  these  substances  have  on     the  environment.      Matthiessen,  Peter,  ed.  Courage  for  the  Earth:  Writers,  Scientists,  and  Activists       Celebrate  the  Life  and  Writing  of  Rachel  Carson.  Boston:  Houghton  Mifflin,       2007.  Print.       This  book  was  a  collection  of  writings  by  scientists  and  authors  detailing     Silent  Spring’s  contributions  to  science  and  how  they  have  helped  shape  a     new  generation  of  environmental  activism.  One  of  the  most  helpful  of  these     works  was  titled  “Rachel  Carson  and  Silent  Spring”  and  was  written  by  Al     Gore.  It  discussed  the  how  Carson  shaped  the  role  of  the  environment  in  

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  American  government  and  was  invaluable  to  creating  my  own  project  about     the  legacy  Carson  left.  John  Hay’s  “A  Long  View  of  Rachel  Carson”  was  also     beneficial-­‐  it  discussed  what  made  Rachel  Carson  so  successful  and  her     visions  for  the  environment.      McKie,  Robin.  "Rachel  Carson  and  the  Legacy  of  Silent  Spring."  The  Guardian.       Guardian  News  and  Media  Limited,  26  May  2012.  Web.       This  article  discussed  Silent  Spring  and  its  impacts  largely  from  the     perspective  of  Rachel  Carson.  It  was  written  by  Robin  McKie,  a  science  and     technology  editor  from  The  Guardian,  a  Pulitzer  Prize  winning  publication.     What  was  most  helpful  to  my  research  was  the  section  about  the  chemical     companies’  retaliation  against  Carson’s  claims.  This  gave  me  an  in-­‐depth  look     at  how  far  the  industry  really  went  to  protect  themselves  from  Rachel     Carson’s  “rubbish”  research.    Musil,  Robert.  E-­‐mail  interview.  31  Jan.  2015.       This  source  is  an  e-­‐mail  interview  with  Dr.  Robert  Musil.  Dr.  Musil  is  the     president  of  the  Rachel  Carson  Council  and  the  former  CEO  of  the  1985  Nobel     Peace  Prize-­‐winning  Physicians  for  Social  Responsibility.  He  also  holds  a     Ph.D.  from  Northwestern  University.  This  was  an  incredibly  in-­‐depth     interview  that  covered  every  aspect  of  Rachel  Carson’s  life,  from  her  work  to     her  influence  to  her  gender.  Dr.  Musil  was  an  extremely  beneficial  source  that     helped  me  to  better  understand  Rachel  Carson’s  life  and  legacy.    "Preventing  Pollution  in  the  Lower  Duwamish."  King  County  Archives.  King  County,       29  Oct.  2014.  Web.       This  was  an  article  discussing  river  pollution  in  King  County,  Washington     before  environmental  regulations  were  put  in  place.  It  also  included  a     timeline  of  its  environmental  cleanup-­‐  most  of  it  in  place  after  the  publication     of  Silent  Spring.  This  helped    my  research  by  showing  me  the  nationwide     impact  that  Carson’s  work  had  and  provided  an  image  of  the  river  before     cleanup  efforts  began  that  I  was  able  to  use  in  my  website.      Souder,  William.  On  a  Farther  Shore:  The  Life  and  Legacy  of  Rachel  Carson.  New  York:       Crown,  2012.  Print.       Published  on  the  50th  anniversary  of  Silent  Spring,  this  source  was  a     retrospective  of  Rachel  Carson’s  life  and  her  fight  to  stop  pesticide  overuse.  It     also  delved  into  the  attacks  from  chemical  industries  and  the  creation  of     DDT.  It  was  an  excellent  overview  of  Carson’s  life,  allowing  me  to  supplement     my  projects  with  information  that  I  was  unable  to  find  elsewhere.    Souder  is     also  an  accomplished  nature  writer,  giving  a  unique  perspective  to  Carson’s     story  that  included  detailed  descriptions  of  environmental  effects.    

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 Stoll,  Mark.  "Rachel  Carson's  Silent  Spring,  A  Book  That  Changed  The  World."       Environment  &  Society  Portal.  Rachel  Carson  Center,  2012.  Web.       This  source  was  an  online  exhibit  about  Rachel  Carson  and  the  publication  of     Silent  Spring  written  by  Mark  Stoll,  a  history  professor  at  Texas  Tech     University.  It  went  into  incredible  detail  about  the  life  and  legacy  of  Rachel     Carson,  and  included  many  multimedia  sources  such  as  videos,  audio  clips     and  photos.  These  helped  link  me  to  many  other  research  points  I  would     not  have  found  otherwise,  such  as  the  international  movement  that  Silent     Spring  created.        Waddell,  Craig,  ed.  And  No  Birds  Sing:  Rhetorical  Analyses  of  Rachel  Carson's  Silent       Spring.  Southern  Illinois  U,  2000.  Print.         This  book  was  a  collection  of  essays  about  the  effectiveness  of  Rachel     Carson’s  Silent  Spring  in  conveying  the  message  of  widespread  pesticide  use     and  the  techniques  Carson  used  to  do  so.  One  of  the  most  compelling  was     written  by  Paul  Brooks,  Carson’s  editor,  who  discussed  the  production  of  the     book  and  its  effects.  It  helped  me  to  realize  the  widespread  influence  that     Carson  had  because  of  her  earlier  nature  writings,  a  factor  I  previous  did  not     consider  when  analyzing  Carson’s  success.      Whorton,  James.  Before  Silent  Spring:  Pesticides  and  Public  Health  in  Pre-­‐DDT       America.  Princeton:  Princeton  UP,  1974.  Print.       This  book  discussed  health  and  pesticide  usage  before  the  release  of  DDT.  It     focused  specifically  on  the  increasing  insect  population,  the  need  for  a     method  of  control  and  the  hazards  of  DDT.  Written  by  Dr.  James  Whorton,     who  has  a  BS  degree  in  science,  this  source  was  able  to  effectively  capture  the     truth  about  the  growing  DDT  epidemic  in  relation  to  Rachel  Carson.  It  helped     me  to  understand  how  pesticides  were  treated  in  the  early  19th  century  and     how  they  become  an  epidemic.      Woodley,  Sherrida.  E-­‐mail  interview.  6  Feb.  2015.       This  source  was  an  e-­‐mail  interview  with  Ms.  Sherrida  Woodley,  the  author     of  the  speculative  fiction  novel  Quick  Fall  of  Light  and  a  Rachel  Carson     scholar.  This  interview  focused  largely  on  Carson’s  legacy,  which  helped  me     adapt  my  own  conclusion  to  incorporate  new  ideas  on  how  her  work  lives     on.  Ms.  Woodley  also  discussed  Rachel  Carson’s  life  before  Silent  Spring,     which  was  incredibly  beneficial  to  my  research.