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THE NEW TESTAMENTIX THE
ORIGINAL GREEK
THE TEXT REVISED BY
BROOKE FOSS WESTCOTT, D.D.CANON OF PETERBOROUGH, AND REGIUS PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY, CAMBRIDGE
AND
FENTON JOHN ANTHONY HORT, D.D.IIULSEAN PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY, CAMBRIDGE
AMERICAN EDITION
with ^jn- introductionBy PHILIP SCHAFF, D.D., LL.D.
PROFESSOR IN THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, NEW YORKPRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN BIBLE REVISION COMMITTEE
!))-'
NE\V YORKHARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE
1881
\
AUOKVM UTTERAE SUNT EIUSMODI UT NON PARUM
MULTOS PABMTUERIT INSUMPTAE I* ILUS OPERAE. .
.
.
AT PELIX ILLE QUEM * HISCE LITTERIS MEVITANTEM
MORS OCCUPAT. HAS IOITUR TOTO PECTORE SITIAMUS
OMNES, HAS AMPLECTAMUR, IN HIS IUCITER VERSE-
MUR HAS EXOSCULEMUR, HIS VEMUM IMMORIAMUR,
IN HAS TRANSPORMEMUR, QUANDOQUWEMABEUNT STU-
DIA IV MORES. . . . HAE TIB! SACROSANCTAE MENTIS
ILLIUS VIVAM REEERUNT IMAGINE*!, IPSUMQUE CHRIS-
TUM EOQUENTEM, SANANTEM, MORIENTEM, RESVRCEN-
TMMt*mU* rOTUM ITA PRAESENTEM EEODUNT, UT
MINUS VISURUS SIS SI CORAM OCULIS CONSPICIAS.
ERASMUS MDXVI
****!!.fen"™*"""™"
GENERAL CONTENTS.
PAGE
Introduction to the American Edition vii
THE GOSPELACCORDING TO MATTHEW 3
ACCORDING TO MARK 72
ACCORDING TO LUKE 114
ACCORDING TO JOHN 187
THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES 245
THE CATHOLIC EPISTLESof James 317
of Peter 1 324
of Peter II 331
of John 1 336
of John II 344
of John III 345
of Jude 346
THE EPISTLES OF PAULto the Romans 351
to the Corinthians 1 378
to the Corinthians II 403
to the Galatians 420
TO the Ephesians 429
TO the Philippians 438
TO THE COLOSSIANS 445
TO the Thessalonians I h . 452
to the Thessalonians II 458
to the Hebrews 462
to Timothy 1 484
to Timothy II 491
to Titus 496
to Philemon 499
THE APOCALYPSE OF JOHN 503
INTRODUCTIONTO THE
AMERICAN EDITION
BY
PHILIP SCHAFF
CONTENTSOF THE
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
Merits of the Edition
Literature ....
rage
vii
I. SOURCES OF THE GREEKTEXT OF THE NEW TES-
TAMENT xii
1. The Greek Manuscripts xlii
A. Uncial Manuscripts xv
B. Cursive Manuscripts xxxii
The Ancient Versions . xxxv i
A. Syriac Versions . . xxxvii
B. Latin Versions . . xl
C. ^Ethiopic A'ersion . xlvi
J). Old Egyptian, or Cop-
tic, Versions . . . xlvi
E. Gothic Version . . xlviii
F. Armenian Version . xlix
Patristic Quotations xlix
A. Greek Fathers 1
B. Latin Fathers li
II. THE VARIATIONS ANDTEXTUAL CRITICISM . lii
1. Origin of Variations , lii
2. Number of Variations liii
3. Value of Variations . l'.ii
Page
i. Classes of Variations . lviii
Omissions lviii
Additions lviii
Substitutions .... lxii
5. Object of Criticism . . lxii
0. Rules of Criticism . . lxiii
7. Application of the Rules lxiv
III. THE PRINTED EDITIONS
OF THE GREEK TEXT . Ixv
1. First Period: The Tex-
tus Receptus. From
Erasmus and Beza to
Bengel and Wetstein,
A.D. 1516-1750 ... Ixvi
2. Second Period: Transi-
tion from the Textus
Receptus to the Uncial
Text. From Griesbach
to Laciimann, A.D. 1770-
1830 lxxviii
3. Third Period : The Prim-
itive Text. From Lach-
maxn and tlschendorf
TO Westcott AND Hort,
A.D. 1830-1881 . . . lxxxi
Index to Notation lxxxix
INTRODUCTIONTO TIIE
AMERICAN EDITION.
BY
Philip Schaff.
Merits of the Edition.
The seventeenth day of May, 1881, marks an epoch in
the history of the New Testament. It is the birthday
both of the purest English translation and of the* purest
Greek text of that little book which contains the inspired
message of God's wisdom and love to mankind, and which
forms the highest standard of Christian faith and duty.
The coincidence is remarkable. The original and the
translation were matured during the same long period by
harmonious, though independent, co-operation, The Edi-
tors of the Greek text were members of the English NewTestament Company of Revisers ; the English and Ameri-
can Revisers had the confidential use of advanced proof-
sheets of this edition of the Greek text as they proceeded,
and their translation is perhaps more nearly conformed to
it than to any other printed edition from Erasmus and
Beza down to Teschendorf and Treadles.
The Textus Receptus, so called, was Hnnounced to the
world by the Leyden publishers in 1633, with the bold
viii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
declaration, " Textum ergo habes nunc ab omnibus recep-
*um" I venture to introduce the Greek Testament of
Westcott and Hort with the modest assertion, Hie habes
textum omnium editionum antiquissimum et purissimum..
It is based exclusively on documentary evidence, and on
the most careful comparison of all the ancient sources of
the text as they have been collected and made available by
the indefatigable diligence of former editors, especially of
Lachmann, Tischendorf, and Tregelles. It embodies the
results of the combined labours of more than a quarter of
a century. It will, of course, not supersede the large edi-
tions which contain the whole critical apparatus ; but it
will take its rank at once among the best standard edi-
tions of the Greek Testament.*
I b(3came personally acquainted with the editors and
their work twelve years ago (at Harrow, in 1869), and saw
them afterwards repeatedly at Cambridge, London, and
Peterborough. I formed such a favourable opinion of the
value of their labours that I engaged from them and their
publisher (Mr. Macmillan) duplicate plates for an Ameri-
* The Saturday Review of London for May 21, 1881, in a
notice of the Revised Version of the New Testament, incident-
ally mentio this Greek edition with the remark, "The Clar-
endon Press volume [Archdeacon Palmer's Greek Test.] is beau-
tifully printed. Though this, again, is eclipsed by the exquisite
edition of Dr. Westcott's and Dr. Hort's Greek text, issued by
the Pitt Presj m the same 17th of May, a day to be much re-
membered by Biblical critics. This last work, formed exclu-
sively on documentary evidence, without reference to any print-
ed text, has been long expected by scholars. It is probably the
most important contribution to Biblical learning in our genera-
tion. The Revisers it is understood, had the advantage of con-
sulting it during &a progress of their work."
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. is
can edition, which, is now published by the Messrs. Harper
& Brothers.* This opinion ripened into conviction by con-
stant use, since 1870, of proof-sheets of this text, in myedition of Lange's " Commentary on John " (see the crit-
ical notes), in my exegetical lectures, and in my labours
as a member of the Revision Committee.
Drs. Westcott and Hort are ranked in England among
the best Greek and Biblical scholars of the age. Dr. Hort
(educated at Rugby School and Trinity College, Cambridge)
is Hulsean Professor of Divinity in the University of Cam-
bridge (since 1878). He is probably more familiar with the
textual history of the Greek Testament than any other man
living. He exerted great influence in the Revision Com-
pany on all matters of reading. His. Ttvo Dissertations on
fjLovoy£in)g Qeog and on the Constantinopolitan Creed (1876)
evince a rare degree of patristic learning and critical acumen.
* The letter of the Messrs. Harper, in which they accepted
my proposition, is dated May 17, 1871, on the same day of the
same month on wmich the book was published ten years after-
wards in London. But as Westcott and Hort did not contem-
plate a critical apparatus below the text, I made subsequently
an agreement with my friend, Prof. Tischendorf, for the prep-
aration of an American edition containing his own latest text,
with a very brief digest of his critical apparatus (somewhat sim-
ilar to his editio critica minor, only more condensed, and confined
to the oldest readings) for the use of students; thinking that
there would be room for two editions, each having its special
merits. Tischendorf actually began the work in 18T3, and sev-
eral sheets were set up at Leipsic when his death, in Decem-
ber, 1874, ended his earthly labours, preventing him from even
preparing the Prolegomena to his eighth critical edition. I
know of no scholars wdio could better carry out the plan of
such an edition than Prof. Dr. Ezra Abbot in Cambridge, Mass.,
and Dr. Caspar Rene Gregory in Leipsic.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
Westcott (born 1825 ; educated at Trinity College, Cam-
3ge) is Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge (since
i"0), and Canon of Peterborough (since 1869). He is
author of several able and useful works, as a History
the English Bible ; a History of the Canon of the Newtiament ; an Introduction to the Study of the Gospels;
I a Commentary on the Gospel of John, which ranks
Dng the best parts of the Speaker's Commentary. These
) scholars have been in constant correspondence with each
er, and kept a journal of their discussions of all the im-
tant textual questions. Few works have ever been pre-
ed with so much labour, care, and devotion as this edition
he Greek Testament, begun in 1853 and finished in 1881.
'he Introduction and Appendix, which the editors prom-
bo publish shortly in a separate volume, will contain a
exposition of the principles and results of textual crit-
m. Without anticipating their elaborate treatise, which
ive not yet seen, I propose, with their consent, to fur-
i the readers of this volume with such preliminary in-
nation as is necessary for an intelligent use of this or
other critical edition of the Greek Testament.
Literature.
'he chief authorities for the topics discussed in this in-
luction are the following w7orks
:
). Jac. Wetstein: *H Kaivrj Aia$i]Ki]. Novum TestamentumU-rcecum editionis receptee cum lectionibus variantibus, etc. Am-stel. 1751-52, 2 torn. fol. Prolegomena in torn. i. pp. 1-222.
Jo. Jac. Griesbach: Novum Testamentum Grozce. Ed. 2da.
HalaB Sax. et Lond. 1796-1806, 2 vols. 8vo. Ed. tertiam emend,
et auctam cur. David Sclndz. Vol. i. Berolini, 1827. Prsefa-
tiones et Prolegomena, vol. i. pp. iii.-lvi. i.-exxvii. Also his
Symbolce Critic i> (1785-93), with his Meletemata, and Commentsrius Criticus in Textum Gro3cum N. T. (1798 and 1811).
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xi
Car. Lachmann : Novum Testamentum Greece et Latine. Be-
rolini, 1842-50, 8vo. Prsefatio, vol. i. pp. v.-lvi. ; vol. ii. pp. iii.-
xxvi. Cornp. also Lachmann's article in explanation and de-
fence of his critical system, in the Studien und Kritiken for 1830,
No. IV., pp. 817-845.
Aen. Frid. Const. Teschendorf : Novum Testamentum Greece.
Ad antiquissimos testes denuo recensuit, appavatum criticum omnistudio perfectum apposuit, commentationem isagogicam preetexuit.
Editio septima, Lips. 1859, 2 vols. 8vo. Prolegomena, vol. i. pp.xiii.-cclxxviii. The text of this edition is superseded by the edi-
tio octava critica maior, Lips. 1869-72, 2 vols. The new Prole-
gomena, which the author did not live to finish, but which have
been prepared by Dr. Gregory, with the aid of Dr. Ezra Abbot,
are now in course of publication at Leipsic.
Samuel Prideaux Tregelles : The Greek New Testament,
editedfrom Ancient Authorities, with the Latin Version ofJerome,
from the Codex Amiatinus. London, published in parts from1857 to 1879, 1 vol. 4to. The 7th part (published in 1879, after the
death of Dr. Tregelles) contains the Prolegomena,with Addendaand Corrigenda, compiled and edited by Rev. Dr. Hort and Rev.
A. W. Streane. Comp. also Tregelles: Account of the Print-
ed Text of the Greek New Testament, with Bemarks on its Eevision
upon Critical Principles. London, 1854. And the first part (pre-
pared by Tregelles) of the fourth volume of Home's Introduc-
tion to the Holy Scriptures, 10th ed. London, 1856; 14th ed. 1877;
also published separately as an Introduction to the Textual Crit-
icism of the New Testament, London, 1856, etc.
Henry Alford: The Greek Testament. London, 6th ed. 1868,
etc. Prolegomena, vol. i. chaps, vi. and vii. pp. 73-148.
Ed. Reuss: Bibliotheca Novi Testamenti Grmci. Brunsviga?,
1872 (pp. 313). The most complete list of all the printed edi-
tions of the Greek Testament.
Fr. H. Ambrose Scrivener: A Plain Introduction to the Civ-
icism of the New Testament. London, 1861 ; 2d ed. 1874. Thebest work on the subject in the English language. Comp. also
his Six Lectures on the Text of the New Testament, Cambridgeand London, 1875.
C. E. Hammond : Outlines of Textual Criticism Applied to the
New Testament. Oxford, 1872; 2d ed. 1876.
The Critical Introductions to the New Testament by Hug,De Wette, Bleek, Reuss (5th ed. 1874); and several articles
xii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
on Bible Text in Herzog's Real-Encyk. (new ed. ii. 400-437), andSmith's Diet, of the Bible (iii. 2112-2139, Amer. ed.); an essay of
Dr. Ezra Abbot in Anglo-American Bible Revision, Philadelphia,
2ded. 1879 (pp. 86-98); the third part of Edward C. Mitchell's
Critical Handbook, published by the London Religious Tract
Society, London, also Andover, 1880 (pp. 67-143).
The Prolegomena to Tischendorf's eighth critical edition, and
the Introduction and Appendix of Westcott and Hort, may be
referred to in advance as promising the latest and most accu-
rate information on textual criticism applied to the New Testa-
ment.
I. SOURCES OF THE TEXT OF THE NEW TESTA-MENT.
The original autographs* of the apostolic writings are
lost beyond all reasonable hope of discovery, and are not
even mentioned by the post-apostolic authors as being ex-
tant anywhere, or as having been seen by them.f They
perished, probably before the close of the first century,
with the brittle paper then in ordinary use (the Egyptian
papyrus), like all other ancient writings (with the excep-
tion of a few that were accidentally preserved in Egyptian
tombs and mummies, or under the lava of Vesuvius at
Herculaneum and Pompeii). God has not chosen to ex-
empt the Bible by a miracle from the fate of other books,
but has wisely left room for the diligence and research of
man, who is responsible for the use of all the facilities with-
in his reach for the study of the Bible. He has not pro-
vided for inspired transcribers any more than inspired
printers, nor for infallible translators any more than infalli-
ble commentators and readers. He wastes no miracles. He
* Autographa, dpxsTv~a, Ldwxeipa.
f On the disputed passage of Tertullian, who speaks of ipsa
authentic^ litter®, Apostolorum, see Scrivener, p. 446.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xiii
desires free and intelligent worshippers. " The letter kill-
eth, but the spirit giveth life." The Bible, in its origin
and history, is a human as well as a divine book, and must
be studied under this twofold aspect. It is the incarna-
tion of God's truth, and reflects the divine-human person
of Christ, to whom it bears witness as the Alpha and Ome-
ga, as the Way, the Life, and the Truth. Even if we had
the apostolic autographs, there would be room for verbal
criticism, since they, like other ancient books, were written
as a continuous whole, without accents, without punctua-
tion, without division of sentences or words, without titles
and subscriptions, without even the name of the author
unless it was part of the text itself.
In the absence of the autographs, we must depend upon
copies, or secondary sources. But these are, fortunately,
far more numerous and trustworthy for the Greek Testa-
ment than for any ancient classic. " In the variety and
fulness of the evidence on which it rests, the text of the
New Testament stands absolutely and unapproachably alone
among ancient prose writings" (W. and H., p. 561).
The sources of the text are threefold : Manuscript Cop-
ies, Ancient Versions, and Patristic Quotations.
1. The Greek Manuscripts.
The Manuscripts, or Codices,* are the direct and most
important sources. They number now over seventeen hun-
dred, counting all classes, and new ones may yet be dis-
* Codex, or caudex, means, originally, the trunk of a tree, stock,
stem; then a block of wood split or sawn into planks, leaves, or
tablets, and fastened together; hence a book, as the ancients
wrote on tablets of wood smeared with wax, the leaves being
laid one upon another. The Hebrew manuscripts are in rolls.
xiv INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
covered.* They differ in age, extent, and value. Theywere written between the fourth and sixteenth centuries
;
the oldest date from the middle of the fourth century, andrest, of course, on still older copies. Few manuscripts ofGreek or Roman classics are older than the ninth or tenthcentury. The Medicean MS. of Virgil is of the fourthcentury, the Vatican MS. of Dion Cassius of the fifth.
The oldest MSS. of ^Eschylus and Sophocles date fromthe tenth, those of Euripides from the twelfth century.
The oldest complete copy of Homer is from the thirteenth
century, though considerable papyrus fragments have beenrecently discovered which may date from the fifth or sixth.
Some MSS. cover the whole New Testament, some onlyparts; and hence they are divided into ^ve or six classes,
according as they contain the Gospels, or the Acts, or theCatholic Epistles, or the Pauline Epistles, or the Apoca-lypse, or only the Scripture lessons from the Gospels or Actsand Epistles (the lectionaries). Those which cover morethan one of these classes, or the whole New Testament, arenumbered in the lists two, three, or more times. The GospelMSS. are the most numerous, those of the Apocalypse theleast numerous. Some MSS. are written with great care,
some contain many errors of transcribers. Most of them
* The total number of MSS. recorded by Dr. Scrivener, in-cluding lectionaries, is 158 uncials and 1605 cursives (p. 269,comp. p. x.). But his list is incomplete. He gives an Index ofabout 1277 separate Greek MSS. of the New Testament, arrangedaccording to the countries where they are now deposited (pp. 571-584). He assigns 3 to Denmark, 293 to England, 238 to France,96 to Germany, 6 to Holland, 3 to Ireland, 368 to Italy, 81 toRussia, 8 to Scotland, 23 to Spain, 1 to Sweden, 14 to Switzer-land, 104 to Turkey, 39 unknown. See also Edward C. Mitchell,Critical Handbook, Tables viii. ix. and x.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xv
give the Greek text only, a few the Latin version also
(hence called codices bilingues or Grceco-Latini), e. g. Cod.
D (or Beza3) for the Gospels and Acts, Cod. D (Claromon-
tanus) for the Pauline Epistles, and Cod. A (Sangallensis)
for the Gospels. They were written in the East, mostly in
Alexandria and Constantinople ; for in Europe (with the
exception of Greece, Lower Italy, and Sicily) the knowledge
of the Greek language disappeared after the fifth century
till the revival of learning in the fifteenth, and the Lat-
in Vulgate supplied the place of the Greek and Hebrew
Bible. Some words of frequent occurrence are usually
abridged (as $cr= Seoc, kg =z Kvpioc, kt= Ir)(rovc, izva= irrEvjua).
The MSS. are divided into two classes, uncial and cur-
sive. The former are written in large or capital letters
(litterce unciales or majusculce), the latter in small letters
(litterce minusculce) or in current hand. The uncial MSS.
are older, from the fourth to the tenth century, and hence
more valuable, but were discovered and used long after
the cursive. Two of them, the Sinaitic and the Vatican,
date from the middle of the fourth century.
A. Uncial Manuscripts.
The uncial MSS. are designated (since Wetstein, 1752),
for the sake of brevity, by the capital letters of the Latin
alphabet (A, B, C, D, etc.), with the help of Greek letters
for a few MSS. beyond Cod. Z, and the Hebrew letter
Aleph (a) for the Sinaitic MS. which was discovered last
and precedes Cod. A.*
* The present usage arose from the accidental circumstance
that the Codex Alexandrinus was designated as Cod. A in the
lower margin of "Walton's Polyglot (Scrivener, loc. cit. p. 72,
2d ed.). A far better system would be to designate them in
B
xvi INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
The uncials are written on costly and durable vellum or
parchment, on quarto or small folio pages of one or two,
very rarely of three or four, columns. The older ones have
no division of words or sentences except for paragraphs,
no accents or ornaments, and but very few pause-marks.
Hence it requires some practice to read them with ease.
The date and place, which were not marked on MSS.
earlier than the tenth century, can be only approximately
ascertained from the material, the form of letters, the style
of writing, the presence or absence of the Ammonian sec-
tions (*;£0a\cua, capitula) in the Gospels, the Eusebian Can-
ons (or tables of references to the Ammonian sections, after
340, when Eusebius died), the Euthalian sections in the
Acts and Epistles, and the stichometric divisions or lines
((T-lxoi) corresponding to sentences (both introduced by
Euthalius, cir. A.D. 458),* marks of punctuation (ninth cen-
tury), etc. Sometimes a second or third hand has intro-
duced punctuation and accents or different readings. Hence
the distinction of lectiones a prima manu, marked by a *;
a secunda manu (**, or 2, or b
); a tertia manu (***
?or 3
,
or c).
the order of their age or value, which would place B and Kbefore A. But the usage in this case can as little be altered as
the traditional division into chapters and verses. Mill cited the
copies by abridgments of their names, e. g. Alex., Cant, Mont;but this mode would now take too much space. Wetsteinknew 14 uncial MSS. of the Gospels, which he designated
from A to O, and about 112 cursives, besides 24 Evangelis-
taries. See his list at the close of the Prolegomena, pp. 220-
222.
* Afterwards these stichometric divisions were abandoned as
too costly, and gave way to dots or other marks between the
sentences. This was the beginning of punctuation.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xvii
Some MSS. (as Codd. C, P, Q, R, Z, IS) have been written
twice over, owing to the scarcity and costliness of parch-
ment, and are called codices rescripti, or palimpsests (TraXlfx-
\j;r]fT-oi) ; the new book being written between the lines, or
across, or in place of the old Bible text.
Constantine the Great ordered from Eusebius, for the
churches of Constantinople, the preparation of fifty MSS.
of the Bible, to be written " on artificially wrought skins
by skilful calligraphists." * To judge from this fact, the
number of uncials was once very large, but most of them
perished in the Middle Ages. The whole number now
known is less than one hundred. Scrivener reckons 56
for the Gospels (most of them only fragmentary), 14 for
the Acts, 6 for the Catholic Epistles, 15 for the Pauline
Epistles, 5 for the Apocalypse, exclusive of the uncial lec-
tionaries, which are not marked by capitals, but by Arabic
numerals, like cursive MSS. of all classes.f Dr. Ezra
Abbot (in a private letter of June 21, 1881) kindly fur-
nishes me with the result of his own careful researches.
The number of distinct uncial MSS. of the New Testament
(not including lectionaries) at present known is 83. Wehave for the Gospels 61 ; for the Acts 15; for the Cath-
olic Epistles 7; for the Pauline Epistles 20; and for the
Apocalypse 5. This includes the Codex Rossanensis, and
three or four small fragments not used by Tischendorf.
Dr. Abbot's list is as follows
:
Gospels : KABCDEFF aGHP 347 PKLMlSrO(> bcdef
PQRSTT™T bcde UVW abcdef XYZrAQabcdefgh A £ n2 = 61.
* Eusebius, Vita Const, iv. 36, UivrrjKovra (Twficirta iv di(p5epaiQ
tyKciTcujKEvoig . . . vtto t^xvitCjv Ka\\iypd(pwv.
t Scrivener, Introd. p. 72 (2d ed. 1874).
xviii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
Acts: X A B C D E(*) F a G(s) G b H(«) I 25 - 6 - L(«) P(«) = 15.
Cath. : x A B C K (2) L « P (*) = 7.
Paul: X A B C D (») E (s) F (s) F a G(s) H(s) I2
- K(«) L(«) M(«)
N (2) O (2) O b(2) P (2) Q (2) R (2) = 20.
Apoc: X AB(2)CP = 5.
Whole number of distinct MSS.
:
a A B B aP°c C D evv - act D Paul E E act E Paul F F PauI F a G G act G Paul
Qb (act) H H act H Paul I * 2 ' 3- 4 5 * 6 ' 7* I b K K cath
- Paul L L act - cath- P aul
M M paul N N paul O O abcdef OPaul O b (Paul ) P P act. cath. paul. apoc
Q QPaul RRPaul S T(or-T a) T woi T bcde U V W abedef X Y Z
r A Qabcdefgh A g n 2 = 83.
The Sinaitie and the Vatican MSS. are by far the most
important for antiquity, completeness, and value. I give a
brief description of the best uncial MSS. which are most
frequently quoted by critics.
(1.) Uncials of the first class. They are four— two
from the fourth, two from the fifth century ; one complete
(a), two nearly complete (A and B), one defective (C). To
these is usually added D as the fifth of the great uncials,
but it contains only the Gospels and Acts, and has strange
peculiarities. In the Gospels the text of C, L, Z, £7, and
of A in Mark, is better than that of A, but in the rest of the
Xew Testament A is undoubtedly, after a and B, the most
important MS.
K (Aleph). Codex Sinaiticus, formerly in the Convent
of Mount Sinai (hence its name), now in the Imperial Library
at St. Petersburg. It dates from the middle of the fourth
century, is written on fine parchment (13|- inches wide by
14^ high), in large uncials, with four columns to a page (of
48 lines each). It has 346|- leaves. It was discovered
and secured bv the indefatigable Prof. C. Tischendorf, in
the Convent of St. Catharine, at the foot of Mount Sinai,
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xix
on the 4th of February, 1859.* It was published at St.
Petersburg (printed at Leipsic) at the expense of the Czar
Alexander II. in celebration of the first millennium of the
Russian empire, in accurate imitation by types specially
* The story of the discovery, which made Tischendorf one
of the happiest men I ever knew, reads like an heroic romance.
His three journeys from Leipsic to Mount Sinai, in pursuit of
manuscript treasures, in 1844, 1853, and 1859; his first rescue of
forty-three leaves of the Septuagint from a waste-basket in the
Convent of St. Catharine in 1844 ; his final discovery of the
whole Cod. Sinaiticus in 1859, with the powerful aid of the rec-
ommendation of that noble Czar who met such a terrible death
at the hands of the Nihilists in 1881 ; his patient labor in tran-
scribing it at Cairo, and in its publication at Leipsic, in connec-
tion with a great national event of the Russian empire; his con-
troversy with the Greek Simonides, who impudently claimed to
have written the codex on Mount Athos in 1839 and 1840—are all
told by himself, not without some excusable vanity, in his Beise
in den Orient (1845-46), and Aus dem Tieil. Lande (1862) ; his Noii-
tia Codicis Sinaitici (1860); the Prolegomena to his editions (1862
and 1865); and his two controversial pamphlets, Die Anfechtun-
gen der Sinaibibel (1863), and Waffen der Finsterniss wider die
Sinaibibel (1863). When, on a visit to Mount Sinai in March,
1877, I saw a copy of the magnificent four-volume edition in
the convent library, and mentioned the name of Tischendorf, the
sub-prior kindled up in indignation and called him a thief, whohad stolen their greatest treasure on the pretext of a temporary
loan; and when I reminded him of the large reward of the Em-peror of Russia, who had furnished a new silver shrine for the
coffin of St. Catharine, he admitted it reluctantly; but remarked
that they did not want the silver, but the manuscript—the manu-script which these monks could not read, and w^ere at one time
ready to throw into the fire! After long delays, the MS. wasformally presented to the Czar in 1869 by the new prior, arch-
bishop Kallistratos, and the monks of the Convents of St. Cath-
arine and Cairo. See Tischendorf, Die Sinaibibel (1871), p. 91.
xx INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
cast, in four folio volumes.* The New Testament was also
separately edited by Tischendorf in smaller type in quarto
(Leipsic, 1863), in four columns; and an octavo edition in
ordinary type (ibid. 1865). Dr. Scrivener has published a
" Full Collation of the Sinaitic MS. with the Received Text
of the New Testament" (2d ed. 1867).
Codex X is the most complete, and also (with the ex-
ception, perhaps, of the Vatican MS.) the oldest, or, at
all events, one of the two oldest MSS., although it was last
found and used. Tischendorf calls it " omnium codicum
uncialium solus integer omniumque antiquissimusP Heassigns it to the age of Eusebius the historian, who died in
340 ; and thinks it not improbable that it was one of the
fifty copies which Constantine had ordered to be prepared
for the churches of Constantinople in 331, and that it was
sent by the Emperor Justinian to the Convent of Mount
Sinai, which he founded.f It contains large portions of
* Bibliorum Codex Sinaiticus Petropolitanus^ Auspiciis au-
gustissimis Imperatoris AlexandH II, ex tenebris protraxit in
Europam transtulit ad iuvandas atque illustrandas sacras litteras
edidit Constantinus Tischendorf. Petropoli, MDCCCLXII.The first volume contains the dedication to the Emperor (dated
Lips, ^-j^jr 1862), the Prolegomena, Notes on the corrections by
later hands, and twenty-one plates (in fac-simile); vols. iL and
iii. contain the Septuagint; vol. iv. the Greek Testament (134J
leaves), the Epistle of Barnabas (foil. 135-141), and a part of the
Pastor Hermse (foil. 142-148). Copies of this rare and costly
edition are in the Astor Library, the Lenox Library, the Union
Theological Seminary, New York, at Cambridge, Andover, and
in other libraries of America.
f Tischendorf's edition of the English New Test,, Leips. 1869,
p. xii. After a more careful inspection of the Vatican MS. in
1866, he has somewhat modified his view of the priority of the
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xxi
the Old Testament in the Septuagint Version (199 leaves),
and the whole New Testament, without any omission, to-
gether with the Epistle of Barnabas, all in Greek, and a
part of the Pastor Hennas in Greek (147^- leaves). It is
much disfigured by numerous corrections made by the
original scribes or several later writers, especially one of
the fourth century (K a), whose emendations are very valu-
able, and one of the seventh (a c). It often confirms Cod.
Vaticanus m characteristic readings (as jjiovoyev^g Seog
for vwg, in John i. 18; t))v eKKkr^aiav tov Beov for Kvpiov,
in Acts xx. 28 ; o g ecpavepwSri for Sfo'c, in 1 Tim. iii. 16), and
omissions, as the doxology (Matt. vi. 13) ; the end of Mark
(xvi. 9-20); the passage of the woman taken in adultery
(John vii. 53-viii. 11), in part, also, the Old Latin Version;
but sometimes it supports other witnesses. It has contrib-
uted very much towards the settlement of the text, and
stimulated the progress of the revision movement in Eng-
land, in connection with Tischendorf s Tauchnitz edition
of King James's Version (1869), which gives in foot-notes
the chief readings of the three great uncials 8, B, and A.
Tischendorf first copied the Sinaitic MS., with the help
Sinaitic over the Vatican MS., and assigns them both to the
middle of the fourth century, maintaining even that one of the
scribes of K (who wrote six leaves, and whom he designates D)
wrote the New Testament part of B. Compare the learned
and very able essay of Dr. Ezra Abbot (against Mr. Burgon)
:
" Comparative Antiquity of the Sinaitic and Vatican MSS.," in
the Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. x. (1872), pp.
189-200. Gebhardt, in Herzog's Real-Encyklopadie (new ed.),
vol. ii. p. 414, pronounces Burgon's attempt to prove the higher
antiquity of the Vatican MS. by fifty to one hundred years an
entire failure.
xxii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
of Coptic scribes, at Cairo ; and from this copy, which the
Professor showed me at Leipsic, the printed editions were
prepared. As neither Teschendorf nor his scribes were in-
fallible, some errors may have crept in, so that, in doubt-
ful cases, a resort to the original MS. in St. Petersburg is
necessary. Tregelles has inspected it. Considerable por-
tions of it have been photographed, and real fac-similes
are given in Teschendorf's three editions, and in Scrivener's
Introduction. Mr. Burgon, also, in his book on the Last
Twelve Verses of Mark, gives an exact fac-simile of a page,
taken at St. Petersburg, which shows the last two columns
of Mark (to xvi. 8) and the first two columns of Luke.
kw om OAoroyMeNCOCHGFAeCT BNTOTHceyceBeixcMYCTHflONOCG<j>ANepCDGHeNc*pkp eAi kk\coeheNn N ICD<J>©HXTPA*GKHpyxeHeNee Neci Nen i creyeHGNKOCMCD-AN6AHM<J>egieNAOIH
Specimen of the Codex Sinaiticus, containing 1 Tim. in. 16
:
Kai ofio\oyovfis\v(t)g jxeya ecrnv\to tt]Q evvefieiag
\flvcmipiov og e\(pa-
VEpioSrr) ev Gap\ici' tdiKai<x)$rr] ev\wvi ucpSrr] ayyeXoig
\ eicrjpvx^rj tv
eftveaiv e7Ti<JTEv\5r] ev /coct/aw|avekr^Kp^nr] ev
\do^rj.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xxiii
A. Codex Alexandrinus of the fifth century, in quarto
and two columns (I2f inches high, 10^ broad), given by
Patriarch Cyril Lucar of Constantinople (the unlucky re-
former, formerly of Alexandria) to King Charles I. (1628),
now in the British Museum, London, where the open vol-
ume of the New Testament is exhibited in the MS. room.
It was probably written in Alexandria. It contains on 773
leaves the Old Testament, in the Septuagint Version (edited
by Baber, London, 1816-28), and the New Testament; but,
unfortunately, with the omission of Matt. i. 1-xxv. 6, John
vi. 50-viii. 52, and 2 Cor. iv. 13-xii. 6. It also has at
the end the Greek Epistle of Clement of Rome to the
Corinthians, with a fragment of a second epistle, or homily.
This was the only MS. extant of Clement before the dis-
covery by Philotheos Bryennios of the copy at Constanti-
nople (1875). The New Testament of the Alexandrian
MS. was published by Charles G. Woide in uncial type
(London, 1786), and by B. H. Cowper, in common type
(ibid. 1860). We have it now in a most beautiful pho-
tographic fac-simile, issued by the Trustees of the British
Museum, London, 1879.
Cod. A is the first uncial MS. that was used by textual
critics. It presents a text which occupies an intermedi-
ate position between the oldest uncial and the later text.
It occupies the third or fourth rank among the MSS. next
to K and B, and perhaps C. See fac-similes in Woide and
Scrivener. On the following page we give two specimens.
B. Codex Vaticanus, of the middle of the fourth cen-
tury, on very fine thin vellum, in small but clear and neat un-
cial letters, in three columns (of 42 lines each), to a quarto
page (10 inches by 10-J), preserved in the Vatican Library
at Rome (No. 1209). It is more accurately written than
xxiv INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
eH^pX! lenoiHceNoecTowovNONK^THKirHN HiLerHHNAO
pahtoc i<A.RAi<^nrA.ci<csrAcn oc.KAic KoVoceniNu^THC^fiyccoy,
TTPocexeTeexrroic \<*> iTT^rsrjnvnmoi fv*r^i lUJGNujVMXCro-ni^KroXnONe86TOeTTlCI<OTTDVC'TTOfl M|_^l Wei N TTHN GK KAHC fXNTDYKVH rsrrrePB GTTTOi hc vrOJUXTOY^ MATX)CT0VlA1OY
Specimens of the Codex Alexandrinus.
The first is in bright red, with breathings and accents, and con-
tains Gen. i. 1, 2, Sept. (Ev apxi t7r6irjGev 6 0<r tov bv\pavbv Kai
rr\v yrjv rj £k yrj i)v do\
paToa kcli ctKaraaKevaaroff'\Kai okotog
iirdvb) rrjcr afiwaov.). The second specimen is in commonink, and contains Acts xx. 28 (Upoaex^re eavroicr Kai iravTi toj
|
ttoi\lvux} ' ev w i/fiaa to ttvci to\ayiov eQtTO eiriaK07rova '
\ Troifiai-
veiv Trjv EKKkr]aiav\tov kv r\v 7repie7roirjaaTO dia
\tov aifiarog tov
idiov. A favours Kvpiov versus Seou.
the Sinaitic MS., but not so complete. It was apparently-
copied in Egypt by a skilful and critical scribe, and brought
to Rome shortly after the establishment of the Vatican Li-
brary by Pcpe Nicholas V. in 1448;perhaps (as Dr. Scriv-
ener conjectures) by the learned Cardinal Bessarion, who
laboured for the reunion of the Greek and Latin churches.
It was entered in the earliest catalogue of that library, made
in 1475. It contains the whole Bible as far as and including
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xxv
Heb. ix. 14, and breaks off in the middle of the verse and of
the word Ka$a\piel. The Pastoral Epistles, Philemon, and
the Apocalypse are lost. It was long watched with jealous
care by the papal authorities, very imperfectly known to Mill
and Wetstein, but partially collated, under considerable re-
strictions, by Bartolocci, librarian of the Vatican (1669),
the Abbate Mico for Thomas Bentley (about 1720, publish-
ed 1799), Andrew Birch of Copenhagen (1788, publ. 1798-
1801), Hug (1809, he first fully recognised its paramount
value), Tischendorf (1843, 1844, 1866), Tregelles (1845),
Dressel (1855), Burgon (i860), Alford (1861), and his
secretary, Mr. Cure (in 1862). It was first printed under
the supervision of the celebrated Cardinal Angelo Mai (d.
1854), Rome, 1828-38, but not published till 1857 (in 5
vols., the fifth containing the New Testament); and so
inaccurately that this edition is critically worthless. The
New Testament was again published separately, with some
improvements, by Vercellone, Rome, 1859 ; more critically
by Tischendorf, Leipsic, 1867, from a partial inspection of
two weeks under the constant supervision of C. Vercellone,
who learned from the German expert some useful lessons
in editorial work. Now, at last, we have a complete and
critical, though by no means infallible, quasi fac- simile
edition of the whole Vatican MS. by Vercellone (d. 1869)
and Jos. Cozza, Rome, 1868-72.* The type used was cast
from the same moulds as that employed for Tischendorf
s
edition of the.Codex Sinaiticus, and was lent by him to the
papal government ; but he complained of the bad use the
Roman printers made of it.f
* Gaetano Sergio has been associated with Cozza since Ver-
cellone's death,
f The full title reads Bibliorum Sacrorum Grcecus Codex Vati-
xxvi INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
" The Vatican," says Dr. Scrivener, " is probably the old-
est vellum manuscript in existence, and is the glory of the
Vatican Library." It is the chief authority among MSS. for
the Greek Testament of Westcott and Hort ; while Tisch-
endorf, in his last editions, very naturally shows a preference
for the Sinaitic Codex of his own discovery. It presents,
upon the whole, the shortest text ; but the charge of omis-
sions of many words and whole clauses is founded on the
false assumption that the Elzevir text is the standard. West-
cott and Hort say (p. 557) :" The fondness for omissions,
which has sometimes been attributed to the scribe of the Vat-
ican, is imaginary, except, perhaps, single petty words." The
agreement of B and X is (with few exceptions) a strong pre-
sumptive evidence for the genuineness of a reading, and, when
supported by other ante-Nicene testimony, it is conclusive.
The specimen on the following page is borrowed from
Scrivener, and contains the last verses in Mark (xvi. 3-8).
C. Codex Regius, or Ephraemi SYRi,of the fifth century;*
canus auspice Pio IX. Pontifice Maximo collatis studiis Caroli Ver-
cellone Sodalis Barnabitce et Josephi Cozza Monachi Basiliani edi~
tus. Romse, typis et impensis S. Congregationis de Propaganda
Fide. 1868. Beautifully printed on vellum paper. Four vol-
umes contain the Septuagint (i. Pentateuch and Jos. ; ii. Judges,
etc. ; iii. The Psalms, etc. ; iv. Esther, etc.), one volume the NewTestament; a sixth volume is promised for the Prolegomena
and Notes. The New Testament appeared in 1868 as torn. v.
It gives the original MS. down to Heb. ix. 14, in 284 large pages.
The rest of the Epistle to the Hebrews and the Apocalypse
(from pp. 285 to 302) are supplied from a later text {recentiori
manu) in ordinary Greek type, and have therefore no critical
value. The Pastoral Epistles and the Epistle to Philemon are
wanting altogether. I used the copy in the Astor Library.
* Tischendorf regards C as older than A; and in the Gospels
it has a much better text.
pXv tov X'lQov Ik t7\g
|Qvpaa tov fivr}-
fxsTov|
kcli dva
fiXeipaaai Otto \pcv-
aiv on ava.KEKv\
Xicr-ai 6 XiOog fjv
yap|
fAtyaa G(po-
dpa kcll eX\Qov(rai
ha to \ivr\\ili \ov
tldoV VECtVLGKOV|
KaQfj^Evov Iv TOLG
I
dtZioicr 7Tf(Ot/3g-
fiXrjfiE |vov aroXrjv
XevkPjv|kcli t|e-
9afi(5i]6r]Gavj6 dk
Xeyn clvtolig \xy\\
iKQapfilinQt Iv ty-
tel|te tov va%a-
pt]vbvTO~\ kctTav-
piofisvov r)ysp\Gr]
ovk egtiv wds ids
|6 T07T0G 07T0V
eQrjica glvtov
dXXa VTrdysre
iiiroLTE toig p,a9rj-
TULGI
CiVTOV KCLI
TLO TTETpiO \ OTL
TTpodyEi vfida h<r|
TrjvyaXiXdLCtviKii
clv\tov 6\psa9E kci-
OiO<J lt\7TEV VfXlV
Kai E%EXQov\(jai
t<pvyov diro tov|
fivrjfiEiov &xEVyap
|dvTaa rpo-
\JLOG Kai EK\GTaGLG
/cat ovdevi 6v\8ev
kiirov E<po($ovv\TO
yap:
MiMTOMMeON€KfHcey pAcnrdyM w h MeloyKXi an ab Ae^ac ai ©£u*
A/ ctm oai© o CHMrifn gVa_c c<1> o Aj»A kaiSa,
ON 6*1 AOKINe^N f'c KOHKAO MM6MOMGWTOIC
NONCTOXHNAeyKHKI•CAI€5.€0AMR H9HCAM6 A>£aejrei £y«ta/cm &^K0AMieice6JM"ZHt«r
€ CHTAy ? <JJM6MO N Hjytf§ H oyKeen Js*&>£ *>J^o~rdn oc6'n ojye©hkaT
ei nA"rc*r6 re m ^eHT^io
fy~rciyk X r t\£> n er;j>aj
ori npoXre^MAcefcTHN PAAl AX rA NCK6 1
xyTono^ ec eg Kr^eujc^ejnci^Mi'N'KAieit&AQ-yCAie^yraM/Cnb-ToyMNHNi.e.io.^eix&Nr^fAyxACTfOMOCKAifK:CTAc^cKXidvxeNjoy^eN einoMecpo^Q^
tyCATTfcfr v
?, ./vvvJJAfkON^
Specimen of the Codex Vaticanus, containing Mark xvi. 3-8.
Taken from Mr. Burgon's photograph of the whole page.
xxviii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
I- CD
.01
CO
^
fc A
© „!
very defective, containing about two
thirds of the New Testament ; in the
National Library at Paris. First col-
lated by Wetstein (1716) ; edited by
Tischendorf, Leipsic, 1843-45,2 vols.
It is a codex rescriptus, the works of
the Syrian father Ephraem (d. 378) be-
ing written over the Bible text, which
is scarcely legible. It was probably
written in Alexandria, and is very val-
uable as far as it goes. Its text " seems
to stand nearly midway betweenA and
B, somewhat inclining to the latter"
(Scrivener). Two correctors (desig-
nated by Tischendorf as C**, C***, or
C 2, C 3
) have been at work on the MS.
to the perplexity of the critical collator.
D, for the Gospels and Acts. Co-
dex Bez,e, or Cantabrigiensis, in
the Library of the University at Cam-
bridge (to which Beza presented it
in 1581). It dates from the sixth
century, and contains only the Gos-
pels and Acts, with a Latin version
;
edited by Thomas Kipling, Cam-
bridge, 1793, 2 vols, fob, and more
accurately by Dr. Scrivener, in com-
mon type, with a copious introduc-
tion and critical notes, Cambridge,
1864.
The text is very peculiar and puz-
zling. It has many bold and exten-
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xxix
sive interpolations, e. g., a paragraph after Luke vi. 4
( which is found nowhere else ) :" On the same day he
[Jesus] beheld a certain man working on the Sabbath,
and said unto him, Man, blessed art thou if thou know-
est what thou doest ; but if thou knowest not, thou art
cursed and a transgressor of the law." It differs more
than any other from the received Greek text, but it often
agrees in remarkable readings with the ancient Latin and
Syriac versions. Alford (i. 110) thinks that it was writ-
ten in France by a Latin transcriber ignorant of Greek.
Beza procured it from the monastery of St. Irenams at
Lyons in 1562, but did not use it on account of its many
departures from other MSS. Tregelles remarks that " its
evidence when alone, especially in additions, is of scarcely
any value as to the genuine text; but of the very greatest
when corroborated by other very ancient authority."
(2.) Uncials of the second class, defective and of later date.
D, for the Pauline Epistles. Codex Claromontanus;
of the sixth century ; defective, but very valuable ; in the
National Library at Paris. Edited by Teschendorf, Leipsic,
1852. Beza procured it from Clermont, and made some
use of it (1582). It is Greek and Latin, stichometric, with
accents by a later hand, but no division of words.
E, for the Gospels. Codex Basiliensis ; eighth cen-
tury ; in the library at Basle ; defective in Luke. Erasmus
overlooked it. Collated by Teschendorf (1843), Miiller,
and Tregelles (1846). It is better than most of the second-
class uncials. It approaches to the Textus Beceptus.
E, for the Acts. Codex Laudianus ; in Oxford ; with a
close Latin version on the left column ; of the sixth cen-
tury;probably brought from Tarsus to England by Theo-
dore of Canterbury (d. 690), and used by the Venerable
XXX INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
Bede (d. 735); newly published by Teschendorf, in the
ninth vol. of his Monumenta Sacra, 1870. Very valuable.
E, for the Pauline Epistles. Codex Sangermanensis;
Graeco - Latin ; formerly at Saint -Germain des Pres, near
Paris ; now at St. Petersburg. In the Greek a mere copy
of D (Claromont.) after it had been altered by several hands.
Ninth or tenth century.
F, for the Gospels. Codex Boreelianus ; once posses-
sed by John Boreel (d. 1629), Dutch ambassador in London
under James L; now in the library of the University at
Utrecht. Not important.
F, for the Pauline Epistles. Codex Augiensis ; Grseco-
Latin ; at Cambridge;published by Dr. Scrivener, 1859, in
common type. Ninth century.
G, for the Pauline Epistles. Codex Boernerianus ; was
either copied from F (Hort), or from the same archetype
(Tischendorf, Scrivener). Ninth century. It is a part of
the same MS. as A of the Gospels. Purchased by Prof. C.
F. Boerner at Leipsic, 1705; in the Royal Library at Dresden.
L, for the Gospels. Codex Regius;published by Tisch-
endorf, 1846; written in the 8th century ; full of errors in
spelling, but very remarkable for its agreement with B and
Origen. Now in Paris.
P, for Acts, Epistles, and Revelation, with some defects.
Codex Porfirianus, a palimpsest of the ninth century, in
possession of Archbishop Porfiri at St. Petersburg ; edited
by Tischendorf, 1865 and 1869. It generally confirms Aand C, but often X against all the rest.
Z, for Matthew. Codex Dublinensis (Dublin) ; sixth
century ; one of the chief palimpsests. Text in value next
to a and B. Edited by Barrett, 1801 ; better by T. K. Ab-
bott, 1880.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xxxi
r, for the Gospels. Codex Tischendorfianus IV. ; dis-
covered by Teschendorf in an Eastern monastery; sold to
the Bodleian Library in 1855 ; from the ninth or tenth cen-
tury. Another portion of the same MS. was discovered by
Teschendorf in 1859, and taken to St. Petersburg. Nearly
complete. An inscription at the close of John fixes the
date probably at Nov. 27, 844 (according to Teschendorf),
or 979 (according to Gardthausen).
A, for the Gospels. Codex Sangallensis (St. Gall)
;
from the ninth century;probably written by Irish monks
at St. Gall. Published at Zurich, 1836, by Rettig, in litho-
graphed fac-simile. The text is very valuable in the Gos-
pel of Mark.
A. Codex Tischendorfianus III., containing Luke and
John ; now in the Bodleian Library ; collated by Tischen-
dorf (who brought it from the East) and Tregelles. Ninth
century.
57. Codex Zacynthius, a palimpsest of the 8th century
;
formerly at the island of Zante;presented in 1821 to the
British and Foreign Bible Societ}^ in London ; edited by
Tregelles, 1861 ; containing considerable portions of Luke's
Gospel. Text very valuable.
II. Codex Petropolitanus, brought by Tischendorf
from Smyrna to St. Petersburg ; containing the four Gos-
pels, nearly complete; collated by Tischendorf, 1864 and
1865. Ninth century.
(3.) For a description of the other fragmentary uncials
we must refer the reader to the authorities above quoted,
especially Scrivener and Tischendorf, and also to the useful
and convenient Table VIII. in Mitchell's Handbook. But one
more we must mention, which has been discovered since,
and has not yet been utilized by the critics. We mean
xxxii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
2. Codex Bossanensis, found by two German scholars,
Oscar von Gebhardt and Adolf Harnack, in March, 1879,
at Rossano, in Calabria, in possession of the archbishop,
who got it from the library of the former convent. It is
beautifully written, with silver letters, on purple-coloured
parchment (very rare among Creek MSS,), and richly or-
namented with pictures ; hence important for the history
of Christian art. It consists of 188 leaves of two columns
of twenty lines each, and contains the Gospels of Matthew
and Mark (Luke and John are lost). The Gospel of Mat-
thew ends with the words, EYAITEAION RATA MAT6AI-ON. Gebhardt and Harnack assign it to the sixth century.
The text shows a departure from the oldest MSS, (^ and B),
and an approach to the amended Latin text. In this re-
spect it resembles D. It contains, however, the doxology
in the Lord's Prayer, Matt. vi. 13. See Evangeliorum Co-
dex argenteus purpureas Rossanensis (S), litteris argenteis
sexto ut videtur sceculo scriptus picturisque ornatus. By0. von Gebhardt and Adolf Harnack, Leipsic, 1880. With
fac-similes of portions of the text and outline sketches of
the pictures. A full edition of the codex is promised.
We give a fac-simile from this work.
B. The Cursive Manuscripts.
The cursive MSS. are indicated by Arabic numerals.
They were written in current hand on vellum or parchment
{membrana); or on cotton paper (charta bombycina, also
charta Da?nascena, from the place of manufacture), which
came into use in the ninth and tenth centuries ; or on linen
paper (charta proper), which was employed first in the
twelfth century. Some are richly illuminated. They date
from the tenth to the middle of the fifteenth cent-urv, when
^yxpoyw yR xe
TTO KJ h P oyoT 1
coyecT ikhBk
nAMtC/CAi H^s>
5AeiCTOyCAKHACXMHM
0AM PA PA^)HTe^-to i cam o i ctaTTAPATTTCJO MATTX
WWM1LUPKHH3&
Wornmmm.
xeTT°
Specimen of the Codex Bossanensis, containing Matt. vi. 13, 14.
Trovrjpov on|gov eariv rj f3a\(n\£ia teat 7] dv\vajjiig icai rj do\%a tig rovg cmj\
rag cifirjv. Eav yap cKprjre\roig av$pw7roig ra
\7rapa7CT0)p,ciTa.
xxxiv INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
the invention of the art of printing substituted a much
easier and cheaper mode of multiplying books. A few,
however, were written in the sixteenth century e
They are much more numerous than the uncials. Wehave, in round figures, more than 600 cursive MSS. of the
Gospels ; over 200 of the Acts and Catholic Epistles ; near-
ly 300 of the Pauline Epistles; about 100 of Revelation,
exclusive of more than 400 lectionaries which contain only
the Scripture lessons for public service.*
The critical value of the cursives is, of course, not near
so great as that of the uncials, because they are much fur-
ther removed from the primitive source. But some twen-
ty or thirty of them are very important for their agreement
with the oldest authorities, or for some other peculiarity.
Cod. 33 (Regius 14, Colbertinus 2844, in Paris, eleventh
century), which contains all the New Testament except the
Apocalypse, and agrees mostly with B, D, L, is " the queen
of the cursive MSS. ;" Scrivener says its readings " deserve
the utmost attention ;" and Tregelles calls it " the most im-
portant of the Biblical MSS. in cursive letters extant," but
it suffered " most from damp and decay." Besides this, we
mention Cod. 1 (Cod. Basiliensis), 22, 28, 59, 66, 69, 102,
118, 124, 131, 157, 201, 209, of the Gospels; 13, 15, 18,
* Dr. Scrivener gives a careful description of 469 cursive
MSS. for the Gospels (pp. 164-209), and of a large number of
MSS. for the other books of the New Testament (pp. 209-249).
Then follows a section on the lectionaries or manuscript ser-
vice-books of the Greek Church (250-269), which have as yet
received little attention from Biblical critics. Dean Alford
gives also a list of 469 cursive MSS. in convenient columns
(Prolegg. i. 120-137). Compare Table IX. in Mitchell, pp. 119-
132.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xsxv
36, 40, 73, 180, and especially 61, of the Acts; 17, 31, 37,
46, 47, 67**, 73, 80, 109, of the Pauline Epistles; 7, 14,
31, 38, 47, 51, 82, 95, of the Apocalypse. Cod. 61 (Mont-
fortianus, of the 16th century, in Dublin) is celebrated
in the controversy on the spurious passage 1 John v. 7,
which it contains on a glazed page, to protect it, and
which passed from this MS. into the printed editions of
the common Greek text, and the translations made from
it. The cursive MSS. have been chiefly compared by
Mill, Wetstein, Griesbach, Matthaei, Scholz, Teschendorf,
Tregelles, and Scrivener ; but many are yet waiting exam-
ination.
The following is a specimen of Cod. 1 Basiliensis of the
Gospels (tenth century) ; known to Erasmus, but little used
by him ; collated by Wetstein, Roth, and Tregelles.
o I o«^?^ ~2tf& <2W&f& «tfr$sa Kcal OtPT<P&Xl yfrv VyJpeyQX
Specimen of the Codex Basiliensis, of the tenth century, containing
Luke i. 1, 2, nearly as in all Greek Testaments.
kvayy't\\iov~\ Kara Xovkclv:
S7rei8r}7TEp ttoWoi t7rs\eipr](Tav avaraZacrOai|dirjyrjviv 7rspl twv 7T£-
7r\t]po(popr]fxkv(i)v\kv r)/jiJv Trpayfxar^v . icaOiog Trapkdouav rjfii \
oi
cnrapxi]G clvto-ktcli kcli vTrrjptrai yevopsvot.
XXXvi INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
2. The Ancient Versions.
Next to the study of the MSS., the most important aids
in textual criticism are the ancient versions, or translations
of the Scriptures from the Hebrew and Greek into vernac-
ular languages. They are, however, only indirect sources, as
we must translate them back into the original, except in
omissions and additions, which are apparent at once. If,
for instance, the Latin versions in Rom. v. 1 translate ha-
beamus, it is plain that they read in their Greek MSS. the
subjunctive t'x^/ie^ (let us have), and not the indicative
typiiev (habemusy we have) ; or if they read in John i. 18
unigenitus Filius, they support the reading vwq instead of
Sfo'c (Deus). In point of age, some versions, being made in
the second century, antedate our oldest Greek MSS., which
are not earlier than the fourth. But they have undergone
the same textual corruptions, and no MS. copy of a version
is earlier than the fourth century. Some of them are as yet
imperfectly edited. Even a satisfactory critical edition of
the Vulgate is still a desideratum. As Dr. Westcott says,
" While the interpreter of the New Testament will be fully
justified in setting aside without scruple the authority of
early versions, there are sometimes ambiguous passages in
which a version may preserve the traditional sense (John i.
3, 9 ; viii. 25, etc.), or indicate an early difference of trans-
lation ; and then its evidence may be of the highest value.
But even here the judgment must be free. Versions sup-
ply authority for the text, and opinion only for the ren-
dering." * It matters comparatively little whether they
* Smith's Diet, of the Bible, Amer. ed. vol. iv. p. 3479, art.
"Vulgate."
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION, xxxvii
be elegant or wretched, so long as they reflect with accu-
racy the original text. One service of great importance
they can be manifestly depended upon to render—to tell
where insertions or omissions occur in the original text be-
fore the translator. It is therefore satisfactory evidence
against the genuineness of any particular passage that it is
not found in the most ancient versions.
The most important of these versions are the Syriac, the
Old Latin, the Vulgate, the JEthiopic, the Egyptian, the
Gothic, and the Armenian.
A. Syriac Versions.
(a.) The Peshito, the " Simple"—so called because of its
fidelity to the Greek—dates in its oldest form (see below,
Curetonian) from the middle of the second century. It
supplied the wants of the Syrian Christians before the unhap-
py schism in that Church (fifth century), and by its use in
common has been always a bond of union between the dif-
ferent sects, who still read it as a sacred classic, although
its language is no longer the vernacular. The Peshito is
the most faithful and accurate of the older versions, and
has been called " the queen of versions." It is almost lit-
eral, yet idiomatic, and rarely loose and paraphrastic. It
is very important to the critic. The text connects it in
many places with D and the Latin versions. Notwith-
standing its age and value, it was not known to Europe
until 1552; and in 1555, at Vienna, the first edition ap-
peared, at the expense of the Emperor Ferdinand I., edited
by Albert Widmanstadt, the imperial chancellor. This edi-
tion is yet highly esteemed. The best modern editions,
although none are superior, are those of Prof. Lee, printed
by the British and Foreign Bible Society, and of William
xxxviii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
Greenfield, in Bagster's Polyglot, and separately. The pe-
culiarity of the Peshito version, and a proof of its early
date, is its omission of 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, Jude, and
the Apocalypse. Dr. Murdock has published a " Literal
Translation from the Syriac Peshito Version" (New York,
1851). A translation of the Acts and Epistles from the
Peshito, by J. W. Etheridge, appeared in London, 1849.
(b.) The Philoxenian or Harclean version, so called
from its patron Philoxenus, Monophysite bishop of Mabug
(Hierapolis), in Eastern Syria (488-518), and from Thomas
of Harkel, a subsequent editor, who was likewise a Mo-
nophysite bishop of Mabug. It is " probably the most ser-
vile version of Scripture ever made " (Scrivener). It is
based upon the Peshito, and forces it into rigorous con-
formity with the letter of the Greek at the expense of the
spirit. It dates from A.D. 508, and was revised by Thomas
of Harkel, 616. It contains the whole New Testament,
except the Apocalypse, and is therefore more complete
•than the Peshito, which omits four Epistles besides. The
only edition of the Philoxenian is that of Joseph White,
printed by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1778-1803, 4 vols.
4to. Bernstein has published the Gospel of John (Leips.
1853).
(c.) The Curetonian Syriac is a mere fragment of the
Gospels (consisting of 82j leaves), but very old and valu-
able ; though overestimated by Canon Cureton, who thought
it " retained, to a great extent, the identical terms and ex-
pressions of St. Matthew's Hebrew Gospel." It is regard-
ed by most scholars, as Cureton, Payne Smith, Herman-
sen, Ewald, Crowfoot, Tregelles, and Westcott and Hort, as
the oldest form of the Syriac version, the " Peshito " in its
present form holding a relation to it similar to that o-f the
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION, xxxix
Vulgate to the Old Latin. Dean Alford calls it " the ear-
liest and most important of all versions." Dr. Scrivener,
however, places it decidedly below the Peshito. It was
found by Archdeacon Tattam in 1842, with 550 other
MSS., in a convent of the Nitrian Desert (70 miles north-
west of Cairo), and brought to the British Museum ; and
was published by Cureton in 1858, with a literal English
translation. It agrees remarkably with D and the Old
Latin, while the Peshito mostly favours A. It contains
large portions of Matthew, Luke, and John, and the last
four verses of Mark.
Dr. Brugsch, the celebrated Egyptologist, afterwards dis-
covered three additional leaves in the binding of a MS. of
the Peshito which came from the Nitrian convent (1871).
They were published by Rodiger in the Monatsbericht of
the Berlin Academy for July, 1872 ; and also privately by
Prof. Wright, as an appendix to Cureton's volume. The
leaves contain Luke xv. 22-xvi. 12; xvii. 1-23; John vii.
37-viii. 19. The Curetonian Syriac, including these new
leaves, has been translated into Greek by J. R. Crow-
foot in his Fragmenta JZvangelica, 2 parts, London, 1870-
7l[72].
(d.) The Jerusalem Syriac. The principal MS. known
is an Evangelistary in the Vatican, dated A.D. 1030. This
has been published at Verona (1861-64, 2 vols. 4to) by
Count Francis Miniscalchi Erizzo. Fragments of two oth-
er MSS. are in the British Museum, and of two more at St.
Petersburg. The text of these has been published by Land,
Anecdota Syriaca, vol. iv. (1875). The version is quite in-
dependent of the Peshito, and is referred by Tischendorf to
the fifth century. It is in a peculiar dialect, and seems to
have been little used.
xl INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
B. Latin Versions,
(a.) The Old Latin (Itala). This version is not found
complete ; but from the quotations of the Latin fathers, es-
pecially those in Tertullian, Cyprian, Lucifer of Cagliari,
Hilary of Poitiers, Hilary the deacon or Ambrosiaster, Am-brose, Victorinus, Jerome, Rufinus, Augustine, Pelagius, and
in the Apocalypse Primasius, its text can be in large meas-
ure restored. See Hermann Ronsch, Das N. T. Tertul-
liarfs, aus den Schriften des Letzeren mbglichst vollstandig
reconstruct, Leipsic, 1871 (731 pages).
The version is nearest in age to the Peshito, and may be
assigned to the middle of the second century. It was not
the work of one man, nor suffered to go uncorrected by
many. Hence the confusion into which the matter has
fallen, and the different accounts of it by different schol-
ars; some holding that there were manv versions before
Jerome, in proof of which statement they quote Augustine,
Be Doctr. Christ, ii. 11; others holding that there was
only one version, and citing in proof Jerome. But by the
simple and natural explanation that there were many revis-
ions of the one old translation, Augustine and Jerome can
be reconciled.
The version is made from the Septuagint in the Old Tes-
tament ; is verbal, rough, and clumsy ; the language is the
degenerate Latin of the second century, with admixture of
colloquial and provincial forms. But this admixture ren-
dered it soon unintelligible, and necessitated constant re-
visions, and, eventually, a new and thorough translation
from the original tongues.
The balance of probability is in favour of North Africa
as the place of its origin, because there, rather than in Italy,
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xli
there was an immediate demand for a Latin translation
;
while in the Roman Church the Greek language prevailed
during the first and second centuries. Hence the name
"Italic" or " Vetus Itala" is incorrect. Augustine (Be
Doct?\ Christ, ii. 15) speaks of a translation which he calls
the Itala,, and which he preferred to all the others. This
was manifestly a recension of the same Old Latin version,
made or used in Italy.
This Old Latin version never attained to much author-
ity ; the Greek being regarded as the authentic text, even
in the early Latin Church. At the same time, the version
is one of the most significant monuments of Christian an-
tiquity, the medium of divine truth unto the Latin peo-
ples for centuries, and of great value to the Bible critic by
reason of its antiquity and literalness. The Apocryphal
books of Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, 1 and 2 Maccabees, Ba-
ruch, Prayer of Manasseh, and 4 Ezra (2 Esdras) were, in a
substantially unchanged form, embodied in the Vulgate. In
the Old Testament the Psalms were similarly transferred.
There is still lacking a really trustworthy edition of the
existing portions of the Old Latin version. For the NewTestament there exist, however, more than twenty very an-
cient but fragmentary MSS. of the Gospels, and some (im-
perfect) of the Acts and the Pauline Epistles; while there
is only one yet known of the Apocalypse, and but few frag-
ments of the Catholic Epistles. The principal MSS. of the
Gospels representing the African text are Codex Vercellen-
sis (a), supposed to have been written by Eusebius, Bishop
of Vercelli, cir. A.D. 365 ; Veronensis (b), of the fourth or
fifth century ; and Colbertinus (c), at Paris, of the eleventh
century, the only complete MS. Codex Brixianus (f), at
Brescia, of the sixth century, represents a later revision,
xlii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
probably Augustine's Itala. Codex Bobbiensis (k), now in
Turin, of the fourth or fifth century, collated by Tischen-
dorf, has a remarkable and valuable text; and the same is
true of Codex Palatums (e), at Vienna, fifth century.
Peter Sabatier's Bibliorum Sacrorum Latince Versiones
Antiquce, sen Veins Italica et cceterce quwcunque in Codd.
MSS. et Antiquorum Libris reperiri potuerunt (Remis, i. e.
Rheims, 1743-49, 3 torn. fol. ; new title-page, Paris, 1751)
remains the most complete edition of the Old Latin ver-
sion, but many parts of each Testament have been careful-
ly collated or edited subsequently. Worthy of special men-
tion, for the Gospels, are Bianchini's Evangeliarium Quad-
ruplex Latinm Versionis A?itiquce, seu Veteris Italicce, edi~
turn ex Codicibus Manuscriptis, Romse, 1749,2 torn, fol.;
Scrivener's Codex Bezce, Cambridge, 1864; Tischendorfs
JEvangelium Palatinum (Lips. 1847); and Haase's Codex
Rehdigeranus (Breslau, 1865-66). For the x\cts, see Scriv-
ener's Codex Bezce, and Belsheim's Die Apostelgeschichte
und die Offenbarung Johannis in einer alien lat. Ueber-
setzung aus dem Gigas Librorum, Christiania, 1879; for
the Pauline Epistles, Tischendorfs Codex Claromontanus
(1852), and Scrivener's Codex Augiensis, Cambridge, 1859;
for the Catholic and Pauline Epistles (merely fragments),
see Ziegler's Italafragmente, Marburg, 1876 ; for the Apoc-
alypse, see Belsheim, as above. Belsheim's Codex Aureus
of the Gospels (Christiania, 1878) is rather a M§. of the
Vulgate than of the Old Latin, though the text is mixed.
On the whole subject, consult Hermann Ronsch, Itala und
Vulgata. Pas Sprachidiom der urchristlichen Pala und
der katholischen Vulgata, 2d ed., revised, Marburg, 1875;
L. Ziegler, Die latein. Bibelubersetzungen vor Hieronymus
und die Itala des Augustinus, Munchen, 1879 (he proves
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xliii
the existence of several Latin versions or revisions before
Jerome) ; O. F. Fritzsche, Lutein. Bibelubersetzungen, in the
new ed. of Herzog, vol. viii., 1881, pp. 433-472 ; and West-
cott's art. "Vulgate," in Smith's Diet of the Bible. There
is a good condensed account, revised by Dr. Abbot, in
Mitchell's Critical Handbook (1880), p. 133 sq.
(b.) The Latin Vulgate. In the course of time the text
of the Old Latin became so corrupt that a thorough revision
was imperative, and was intrusted by Pope Damasus, in
382, to Jerome (d. 419), the most learned scholar of his
day, and of all the Latin fathers best qualified, by genius,
taste, and knowledge of Hebrew and Greek, for this diffi-
cult task. He began upon the New Testament, and pro-
ceeded cautiously, making as few changes as possible, so as
not to arouse the opposition of those who, as he says,
" thought that ignorance was holiness." But his scholarly
instincts, no less than his convictions of duty towards the
Divine Word, impelled him to go beyond his instructions,
and make a new version of the Old Testament directly
from the Hebrew, of which, however, it does not concern us
at present to speak. Jerome's revision and new translation
(finished 405) encountered much opposition, which greatly
irritated his temper and betrayed him into contemptuous
abuse of his opponents, whom he styled " bipedes asellos"
But, by inherent virtues, rather than by external authority,
it passed into such current use that in the eighth century
it was the Vulgate, the common version, in the Western
churches. It became much corrupted by frequent copy-
ing. Alcuin, at the instance of Charlemagne, revised it
circa 802, by the collation of various good MSS., and sub-
stantially in this form it passed down to the invention of
printing.
xliv INTRODUCTION7 TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
The first book printed was the Vulgate—the so-called
Mazarin Bible (Gutenberg and Fust, Mayence, 1455). Print-
ing, however, fixed errors and gave them wTider currency,
and revision was felt once more to be imperative.
In the Council of Trent (Dec. 13, 1545, to Dec. 4, 1563)
the matter was introduced Feb. 4, 1546, and the recom-
mendation of revision passed on April 8 ; but it wTas not
until 1590, in the pontificate of Sixtus V., that the revised
edition of the Vulgate appeared. The scholarly pope took
active interest in the work, rejecting or confirming the sug-
gestions of the board of revisers, and corrected the proof-
sheets with his own hand. It was prefaced by the famous,
and, as the event showed, by no means infallible, constitu-
tion jEtevnus ille (dated March 1, 1589), in which the
pope said, " By the fulness of apostolical power, we decree
and declare that this edition of the sacred Latin Vulgate
of the Old and New Testaments, which has been received
as authentic by the Council of Trent, ... be received and
held as true, legitimate, authentic, and unquestioned, in all
public and private disputation, reading, preaching, and ex-
planation." He further forbade any alteration whatever;
ordered this text, and none other, henceforth to be printed
;
and hurled anathemas against every one disobeying the
constitution. But, alas for the pope ! the immaculate edi-
tion was full of errors and blunders ; and no sooner was he
dead (Aug. 27, 1590) than the demand for a new edition
arose. Bellarmine suggested an ingenious though dishon-
ourable escape from the awkward predicament in which
Sixtus had placed the Church—viz., that a corrected edi-
tion should be hastily printed under the name of Sixtus, in
which the blame of the errors should be thrown upon the
printer ! His recommendation was adopted, but it was not
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xlv
until 1592, under Clement VIIL, that the revised edition
appeared. The Clementine edition is the standard in the
Roman Catholic Church, in which this Latin translation
takes precedence of the Hebrew and Greek originals, as
the support of doctrine and guide of life.
The materials for a more critical edition of the Vulgate
than the Clementine are very abundant. There are numer-
ous MSS., and much labour has already been expended
upon the work. The most famous of these MSS. are
(a) Codex Amiatinus, from the Cistercian Monastery of
Monte Amiatino, in Tuscany, now in the Laurentian Li-
brary at Florence; it contains the Old and New Testa-
ments almost complete, dates from 541, and is the oldest
and best MS. The New Testament was edited by Tisch-
endorf, Leipsic, 1850, 2d ed. 1854, and by Tregelles (in his
edition of the Greek Testament, with the variations of the
Clementine text), (b) Codex Fuldensis, in the Abbey of
Fulda, Hesse-Cassel ; contains the New Testament ; dates
from 546. Collated by Lachmann for his large edition
of the Greek Testament, and edited by E. Eanke, Marburg
and Leipsic, 1868. (c) Codex Forojuliensis (sixth century),
at Friuli; Matthew, Luke, and John published by Bianchini,
Evang. Quadmqolex, Appendix. Part of the same MS. is
at Prague (Pragensis). (d) Codex Harleian. 1775 (seventh
century), of the Gospels, partially collated by Griesbach,
Symb. Crit. vol. i. (e) Codex Toletanus, at Toledo ; writ-
ten in Gothic letters in the eighth century ; collated by
the Sixtine correctors and by Vercellone. It contains both
Testaments. Its readings are o-iven bv Bianchini, Vindicice
Canon. Scripturarum, Rome, 1740.
The best edition of the variations is that of Carlo Ver-
cellone, Varice Lectiones Virtg. Lat. Bibliorum JZditionis,
xlvi INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
Kom. torn. i. 1860; torn. ii. pars 1, 1862; pars 2, 1864.
Unfinished. A very important work, but, unfortunate-
ly, without either the authorized or the corrected text.
Fritzsche says (loc. cit. p. 458), " Even to-day there is
wanting a text which answers the demands of science ; and .
Protestantism alone can and ought to accomplish this work,
already too long neglected."
C. ^Ethiopic Version.
There must have been a call for a translation of the NewTestament very shortly after Christianity entered Abyssinia.
So, although the tradition which assigns it to Abba Salama
(Frumentius), the first bishop, be unreliable, the version
probably dates from the fourth century, as Dillmann as-
serts. This scholar likewise praises the version for its
fidelity and general smoothness. The New Testament has
been edited by Thomas Pell Piatt for the British and For-
eign Bible Society (1826-30) ; but, unfortunately, it is al-
most useless for critical purposes, because so dependent
upon recent MSS. Gildemeister, professor in Marburg,
collated some portions of the .^Ethiopic New Testament
for Tischendorf s. edition of 1859.
D. Old Egyptian, or Coptic, Versions*
These are in the two dialects, the Thebaic or Sahidic, and
the Mempliitic or Bahiric. They are, Bishop Lightfoot
declares,f " entirely independent ;" the former is " rougher,
* Copt is probably an Arabic transformation of the Greek
Ah/virroQ, and is applied to the Christian inhabitants of Egypt,
who inherited the old Egyptian (demotic) language, together
wTith their religion.
f He prepared the chapter on the Egyptian Versions in Dr.
Scrivener's Introduction, pp. 319-357.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xlvii
less polished, and less faithful to the original" than the
latter. Both contain many Greek words, and are of great
textual value, as they independently preserve a very ancient
text from different manuscripts, with the adoption of many
Greek words. Schwartze and Lightfoot infer from histori-
cal notices that the greatest part of the New Testament, if
not all, was translated into the Egyptian dialects in the
second century. We have no satisfactory edition of either
version.
The editio princeps of the Memphitic Version for Lower
Egypt is that of Wilkins (Oxford, 1716), based upon copi-
ous materials, but not carried out with much critical sagaci-
ty. Still, nothing better than his work has yet appeared,
except an edition of the four Gospels by M. G. Schwartze
(Leips. 1846 and 1847, 2 vols.), and of the Acts and Epis-
tles by P. Boetticher, alias P. A. de Lagarde, of Gottingen
(Halle, 1852). The Apocalypse is omitted. The New Tes-
tament in Coptic (Memphitic) and Arabic was published by
the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (1847-52),
under the editorial care of " Henry Tattam, the presbyter
of the Anglican Church for the Holy Patriarch and the
Church of Christ in Egypt." It is beautifully printed, but
of no critical value, because no various readings are record-
ed. The basis of this edition is a copy belonging to the
Coptic Patriarch.
The editio princeps of the Thebaic Version for Upper
Egypt is that of C. G. Woide, completed by Ford, Oxford,
1799. The version is yet in a very fragmentary condi-
tion, and there is need of an edition in which the fragments
shall all be collected. The Thebaic Version is less valuable
than the Memphitic ; its text is less pure, and shows a cer-
tain infusion of those readings which are called Western,
b
xlviii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
though to nothing like the same extent as the Old Latin
and the Old Syriac.
E. Gothic Version.
It is the work of Ulphilas (311-381, or 313-383*), the
apostle of Christianity to the Goths, who in the fourth cen-
tury translated the Old Testament from the Septuagint and
the New Testament from the Greek into Gothic. There are
seven famous codices of this version : (a) Codex Argenteus,
fragments of the Gospels, dates from the earlier part of
the sixth century; (b) Codex Carolinus, forty verses of the
Epistle to the Romans;
(c) Palimpsest fragments of five
codices (published by Mai and Castiglione, Milan, 1819-39),
portions of Esther, Nehemiah, the Gospels, and Paul's Epis-
tles. The best editions of all these fragments are by H. C.
von der Gabelentz and J. Loebe : Ulfilas. Vet. et N. Test.
Versionis Gothicce Fragmenta quce supersunt (Leipsic, 1836-
46), and by E. Bernhardt (Halle, 1875), each of which is pro-
vided with a complete apparatus. Stamm's Ulfilas, 7th ed.
by Moritz Heyne, with Grammar and Lexicon, Paderborn,
1878, is the most convenient for the student of the lan-
guage; Bernhardt' s is the best for text-critical purposes.
Com p. also W. Bessell : Das Leben des Ulfilas und die Be-
kehrung der Gothen znm Christenthum (Gottingen, 1860).
Dr. R. Miller and Dr. H. Hoeppe have just published the
Gothic Gospel of Mark with a grammatical commentary :
Ulfilas : Fvangelium Marci grammatisch erlautert, Berlin,
1881 (pp. 72). The last seven verses of Mark are wanting.
* The date 318-388 is exploded; but it is not certain whetherwe should adopt 311-381 (Stamni, Bernhardt) or 313-383 (Kraffi
in Herzog, Davidson).
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. xlix
F. Armenian Version.
It belongs to the fifth century, and is the work of Miesrob
and Moses Chorenensis. It has considerable critical value,
though the existing MSS. are not very ancient, and there
are wide differences among them. The version embraces
the entire Bible. The first edition appeared at Amsterdam,
1666, under the care of Bishop Uscan of Erivan; the best
edition, founded on manuscripts, is by Zohrab—New Testa-
ment, 1789 ; whole Bible, 1805. It is now regularly pub-
lished bv the British and Foreign Bible Societv.
On the Armenian Version, see the article by Tregelles in
Smith's Bible Diet., Am. ed., vol. iv. p. 3374.
We pass by the Slavonic, Arabic, and Persic versions,
which are of too late a date to be of critical value for the
restoration of the primitive text.
3. Patristic Quotations.
The third source of textual criticism is furnished by
the quotations in the early Christian writers, from which
the greater part of the New Testament might be recon-
structed. The Greek fathers give direct, the Latin fathers
indirect, testimony to the original text. Some of them—as
Irenseus, Orio-en, Tertullian—are older than our oldest MSS.,
and therefore of the greatest value.
But the fathers must be used with great care and dis-
crimination. They were theologians and Christians rather
than critics. They often quote very loosely, simply from
memory, and more for doctrinal, polemical, and practical
than critical purposes. Their testimony is fragmentary,
and fails us where we most wish and need information.
Besides, their editors have so frequently thought they were
1 INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
doing a service when they corrected their quotations that
it is at all times difficult to tell just what the text was be-
fore them. Dr. Tregelles* plainly puts the case, and shows
the true principles which should guide the critic. The
chief benefit of patristic quotations consists not so much in
their independent value as in their corroborative force, by
establishing a reading which rests on good authority of
MSS. or versions. When they are single and unsupport-
ed, they deserve little or no credit.
The most valuable works for critical purposes are com-
mentaries and homilies which explain the text consecu-
tively. Origen, Eusebius, and Jerome are by far the most
learned Biblical scholars among the ancient fathers, and
have more weight than all the rest as witnesses for the
text. The number of ecclesiastical writers that have been
consulted by various critics considerably exceeds one hun-
dred, but only a few yield substantial results. We confine
our list to the first five centuries.f
A. Greek Fathers.
First century : The apostolic fathers, so called—Clement
of Rome, Polycarp, Ignatius, Barnabas—would, as pupils of
the apostles, be the oldest and most important witnesses
;
but they still lived in the element of oral tradition within
the hearing of the apostles, and hence they quote few pas-
sages from the New Testament.
* In Home's Introduction (14th ed. London, 1877), vol. iv. pp.329-342.
f Alford (i. 140-143) gives an alphabetical list of over one hun-dred and fifty ancient writers. See also the lists in Scholz,
Tischendorf, Scrivener (p. 372 sq.), and Mitchell (Tables XI.
and XII.).
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. II
Second century: Justin Martyr (d. 167) comes next in
the order of time, and makes much use of the four Gos-
pels, but in a very free and loose way. Irenaeus of Lyons
(d. 202) is the most important witness of the second cen-
tury, and his great work against the Gnostic heresies is re-
plete with Scripture knowledge, but exists for the most
part only in a Latin version.*
Third century : Clemens Alexandrinus (d. 220), and still
more the great Origen (184-254). Next to them Hip-
polytus (disciple of Irenaeus, about 220), Gregory Thauina-
turgus (disciple of Origen, 243), Dionysius Alexandrinus
(265), and Methodius (d. 311).
In the fourth and fifth centuries : Eusebius the historian
(d. 340, much used by Tischendorf and Tregelles), Athana-
sius (d. 373), Basilius Magnus (d. 379), Gregory Nazian-
zen (d. 389), Gregory Nyssen (d. 371), Ephraem Syrus
(d. 373), Cyril of Jerusalem (d. 386), Didymus of Alexan-
dria (d. 395), Chrysostom (d. 407), Epiphanius (d. 403),
Theodore of Mopsuestia (d. 428), Cyril of Alexandria (d.
444), and Theodoret (d. 458).
B. Latin Fathers.
Second century : Tertullian (about 200), very important
for the Old Latin Version.
Third century: Cyprian (d. 258), Novatian (fl. 251),
Lactantius (306).
* He testifies, e. g, , to the last twelve verses of Mark, and to
the existence of two readings of the mystic number in Rev. xiii.
18 : the one is 666, which he found in the best copies, and ex-
plains to mean Lateinos (while several modern exegetes makeit out to mean, in Hebrew letters, Neron Ccesar) ; the other 616,
which is the numerical value of Nero (without the final n) Caesar.
lii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
Fourth and fifth centuries: Hilary of Poitiers (354),
Lucifer of Cagliari (d. cir. 3 70), Victorinus Afer (d. cir.
370), Ambrose (d. 379), Arabrosiaster or Pseudo-Ambrose,
probably to be identified with Hilary the deacon (about
384), Pelagius (417), Augustine (a profound divine and
spiritual commentator, but a poor linguist and critic, d.
430), and, most of all, Jerome, the translator of the Latin
Bible from the original Hebrew and Greek (d. 419).
II. THE VARIATIONS AND TEXTUAL CRITICISM.
1. Origin of Variations.
In such a vast number of manuscript copies of the NewTestament there must needs be a multitude of variations.
They are partly unintentional or accidental, partly intention-
al or designed. Errors of the first class proceed either from
misreading, or from mishearing (in case of dictation), or
from fault of memory. Errors of the second class are
due either to misjudgment, or to an innocent desire to cor-
rect supposed mistakes, to supply defects, to harmonize ap-
parent discrepancies, or to wilful corruption for sectarian
purposes. Cases of wilful mutilation or corruption of the
text are, however, exceedingly rare. Transcribers had too
much reverence for the words of Christ and his inspired
apostles to be guilty of it, though in making their choice
between conflicting readings they would naturally be bi-
assed by their theological opinions.*
* "The charges against the heretics of wilful corruption of
the text (setting aside avowed excision like that of Marcion)
rest on no good foundation. In the definite instances alleged
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. liii
2. Number of Variations
The variations began very early, with the first copies,
and continued to increase till the art of printing superseded
the necessity of transcribing, and substituted typographical
errors for errors of copyists They were gradually found
out as the collection and examination of the sources pro-
gressed. Dr. John Mill, in 1707, roughly estimated the
number at 30,000. Since that time it has risen to " at
least fourfold that quantity," as Dr. Scrivener wrote in 1874,
and now cannot fall much short of 150,000, if we include
the variations in the order of words, the mode of spelling,
and other trifles which are ignored even in the most ex-
tensive critical editions. This number far exceeds that of
any ancient book, for the simple reason that the New Tes-
tament was far more frequently copied, translated, and
quoted than the most celebrated works of Greek and Ro-
man genius
3, Value of Variations.
This multitude of various readings of the Greek text need
not puzzle or alarm any Christian. It is the natural result
by ancient writers (John i. 13,- iii. 6; Mark xiii 32) the 'heretu
cal ' reading turns out to be the true one. Epiphanius charges
the orthodox with omitting Luke xxii 43, 44, to remove a diffi
culty This is the most plausible case of alleged wilful corrup
tion. But Westcott and Hort, with Mr. Norton and Granville
Penn (comp. Weiss) regard the passage as a later addition, andI am disposed to agree with them. No case of deliberate, wT
il
ful corruption, affecting any considerable number ofMSS., on the
part either of the heretics or the orthodox, can be anywheremade out. Hash attempts to correct supposed error must not be
confounded with wilful corruption " (Dr. Abbot, private letter)
liv INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
of the great wealth of our documentary resources; it is
a testimony to the immense importance of the New Testa-
ment ; it does not affect, but rather insures, the integrity of
tlus text ; and it is a useful stimulus to study.
Only about 400 of the 100,000 or 150,000 variations
materially affect the sense. Of these, again, not more than
about fifty are really important for some reason or other
;
and even of these fifty not one affects an article of faith or
precept of duty which is not abundantly sustained by oth-
er and undoubted passages, or by the whole tenour of Script-
ure teaching. The Textus Heceptus of Stephens, Beza, and
Elzevir, and of our English version, teach precisely the
same Christianity as the uncial text of the Sinaitic and
Vatican MSS., the oldest versions, and the Anglo-American
revision. Richard Bentley, the ablest and boldest of clas-
sical critics of England, affirms that even the worst of MSS.
does not pervert or set aside " one article of faith or moral
precept." Dr. Ezra Abbot, who ranks among the first text-
ual critics, and is not hampered by orthodox bias (being a
Unitarian), asserts that "no Christian doctrine or duty
rests on those portions of the text which are affected by
differences in the manuscripts ; still less is anything essen-
tial in Christianity touched by the various readings. They
do, to be sure, affect the bearing of a few passages on the
doctrine of the Trinity ; but the truth or falsity of the
doctrine by no means depends upon the reading of those
passages."*
* Anglo-American Bible Revision, p. 92. In a later article (Sun-
day Scliool Times, Phila., May 28, 1881) he makes a similar as-
sertion with special reference to the English revision: "This
host of various readings may startle one who is not acquainted
with the subject, and he may imagine that the whole text of
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. lv
Moreover, the large number of various readings is a pos-
itive advantage in ascertaining the true text. The wordof the wise man may be applied here: "In the multitude
the New Testament is thus rendered uncertain. But a careful
analysis will show that nineteen twentieths of these are of nomore consequence than the palpable errata in the first proof ofa modern printer; they have so little authority, or are so mani-festly false, that they may be at once dismissed from considera-
tion. Of those which remain, probably nine tenths are of noimportance as regards the sense; the differences either cannotbe represented in a translation, or affect the form of expressionmerely, not the essential meaning of the sentence. Though thecorrections made by the revisers in the Greek text of the NewTestament followed by our translators probably exceed twothousand, hardly one tenth of them, perhaps not one twentieth,
will be noticed by the ordinary reader. Of the small residue,
many are indeed of sufficient interest and importance to consti-
tute one of the strongest reasons for making a new revision,
which should no longer suffer the known errors of copyists to
take the place of the words of the evangelists and apostles.
But the chief value of the work accomplished by the self-deny-
ing scholars who have spent so much time and labour in the
search for manuscripts, and in their collation or publication,
does not consist, after all, in the corrections of the text which
have resulted from their researches. These corrections mayaffect a few of the passages which have been relied on for the
support of certain doctrines, but not to such an extent as essen-
tially to alter the state of the question. Still less is any ques-
tion of Christian duty touched by the multitude of various read-
ings. The greatest service which the scholars who have de-
voted themselves to critical studies and the collection of critical
materials have rendered has been the establishment of the fact
that, on the whole, the New Testament writings have comedown to us in a text remarkably free from important corrup-
tions, even in the late and inferior manuscripts on which the
so-called ' received text ' was founded ; while the helps which
hi INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
of counsellors there is safety" (Pro v. xi. 14). The original
reading is sure to be preserved in one or more of these
sources. Hence we need not, as in the case of the ancient
classics, resort to subjective conjectural criticism, which
never leads to absolute certainty. The very multitude of
readings is the best guarantee of the essential integrity of
the New Testament.
This fact wTas long ago clearly stated by Richard Bent-
ley, when the resources of the text were not nearly so
abundant. Fertile and ingenious as he was in his conject-
ural emendations of classical authors, he yet declares, in
his Prospectus for a new edition of the Greek Testament
(1720), that "in the sacred writings there is no place for
conjectures and emendations. Diligence and fidelity, with
some judgment and experience, are the characters here
requisite." And in another place :* " If there had been but
one MS. of the Greek Testament at the restoration of learn-
ing, about two centuries ago, then we had had no various
readings at all. And would the text be in a better condi-
tion then than now we have 30,000 ? So far from that,
that in the best single copy extant we should have some
hundreds of faults and some omissions irreparable. Be-
sides that, the suspicions of fraud and foul play would have
we now possess for restoring it to its primitive purity far ex-
ceed those wmich we enjoy in the case of any eminent clas-
sical author whose works have come down to us. The multi-
tude of ' various readings,' wrhich to the thoughtless or ignorant
seems so alarming, is simply the result of the extraordinary
richness and variety of our critical resources.
"
* In his reply, under the pseudonym of Pliileleutlierus Lip-
siensis, to the deist Anthony Collins, who, in his Discourse ofFree-thinking (1713), represented the 30,000 variations of Mill
as fatal to the authority of the New Testament.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. lvii
been increased immensely. It is good, therefore, to have
more anchors than one. . . . It is a good providence and
a great blessing that so many manuscripts of the New Tes-
tament are still amongst us ; some procured from Egypt,
others from Asia, others found in the Western churches.
For the very distances of places, as well as numbers of the
books, demonstrate that there could be no collusion, no al-
tering, nor interpolating one copy by another, nor all by
any of them. In profane authors whereof one manuscript
only had the luck to be preserved, as Velleius Paterculus
among the Latins, and Hesychius among the Greeks, the
faults of the scribes are found so numerous, and the de-
fects so beyond all redress, that, notwithstanding the pains
of the learnedest and acutest critics for two whole centu-
ries, these books still are, and are like to continue, a mere
heap of errors. On the contrary, where the copies of any
author are numerous, though the various readings always
increase in proportion, there the text, by an accurate colla-
tion of them, made by skilful and judicious hands, is ever
the more correct, and comes nearer to the true words of
the author." And again :" Make your 30,000 (variations)
as many more—if numbers of copies can ever reach that
sum—all the better to a knowing and a serious reader, who
is thereby more richly furnished to select what he sees
genuine. But even put them into the hands of a knave or
a fool, and yet with the most sinistrous and absurd choice,
he shall not extinguish the light of any one chapter, nor
so disguise Christianity but that every feature of it will
still be the same."
To quote a modern authority :" So far," says Dr. Scriv-
ener (p. 4), "is the copiousness of our stores from causing
doubt or perplexity to the genuine student of Holy Script-
Iviii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
the fully itsure, that it leads him to recognise tnc more
eral integrity in the midst of partial variation. Whatwould the thoughtful reader of ^Eschylus give for the like
guidance through the obscurities which vex his patience
and mar his enjoyment of that sublime poet V
. 4. Classes of Variations.
The variations which really involve the sense may, with
Dr. Tregelles, be reduced to three classes—omissions, or ad-
ditions, or substitutions of words and phrases.
(1.) Omissions. These occur very often from homoeo-
teleuton (bfiotoreXevTOp), when two lines or clauses end with
the same word or words, which may be easily overlooked.
A very important case of this kind is the sentence in 1 John
ii. 23 : b bfxoXoywu rbv vlbv kcu rbv 7raripa tyti (the same
ending as in the preceding clause), which is not found in
the Textus Receptus, and is italicised in the English Version
;
but sustained by X, A, B, C, P, and other authorities, and
properly restored in the English Revision. Here the older
text restores what the later lost.
(2.) Additions are very numerous in the later MSS. and
in the Textus Receptus, which must be eliminated accord-
ing to the oldest and best authorities. They may be di-
vided into several classes.
(a.) Additions caused by transferring a genuine word or
passage from one book to another ; first on the margin or
between the lines, and then into the text. These cases
arc most frequent in the parallel sections of the Gospels.
They began probably with the Gospel Harmonies, the old-
est of which is Tatian's Diatessaron, from the second cen-
tury. See in the Text. Rec, Matt. i. 25 (supplemented
from Luke ii. V); Matt. v. 44 (from Luke vi. 27, 28);
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. lix
Matt. ix. 13 (from Luke v. 32) ; Matt. xvii. 21 (from Mark
ix. 29); Matt. xix. 16, 17 (comp. Mark x. 17, 18; Luke
xviii. 18, 19); Matt. xix. 20 (from Mark x. 20 and Luke
xviii. 21) ; Mark iii. 5 and Luke vi. 10 (from Matt. xii. 13) ;
Mark vi. 11 (from Matt, x. 15) ; Mark xiii. 14 (from Matt.
xxiv. 15); Mark xv. 28 (from Luke xxii. 37); Luke iv. 2,
4, 5, 8 (comp. Matt, iv. 2, 4, 8, 10); Luke xi. 2, 4 (from
Matt. vi. 9, 10, 13) ; John vi. 69 (from Matt, xvi. 16) ; Acts
ix. 5, 6 (from xxvi. 14, 15; xxii. 10), etc. By removing
these interpolations of words and clauses, otherwise genu-
ine, we lose nothing and gain a better insight into the in-
dividuality of each Gospel.
(b.) Amplifications of quotations from the Old Testa-
ment, Matt. ii. 18; xv. 8; Luke iv. 18, 19; Eom. xiii. 9;
Heb. ii. 7 ; xii. 20, etc. These are all right in the Septua-
gint.
(c.) Insertions of words and proper names (instead of
pronouns) from lectionaries for the Church service, espe-
cially those of the Gospels (Evangelistaria). Hence the
frequent interpolation or changed position of 'Irjcrovg (e. g, y
Matt. iv. 18; viii. 5; xiv. 22; John i. 44). Comp. also
Luke vii. 31 (the prefix sine Se 6 Kvpiog), and x. 22 (/ecu arrpu-
(pe)g 7rpaQ tovq fJLaSrjrag eiTre).
(d.) Additions from a love of paraphrase, which charac-
terizes all the sources embraced by Westcott and Hort un-
der the designation of the " Western" text. In this re-
spect King James's revisers have imitated the old copyists
and translators, but have acted more honestly by printing
their numerous and mostly useless interpolations in italics.
(e.) Additions from oral tradition, ancient liturgies, and
explanatory glosses. Under this head we may place the
most important and serious interpolations, which are re-
Ix INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
jected by the severer class of critics, although, some may
be defended with solid arguments. They are as follows
:
The doxology in the Lord's Prayer (Matt. vi. 13), which
was unknown to Origen, Tertullian, and Cyprian (in their
commentaries on the Lord's Prayer), and is missing in the
oldest MSS., in the Itala and Vulgate. It probably came
in from 1 Chron. xxix. 11, and from the ancient liturgies.*
The passage about the descent of the angel troubling
the pool of Bethesda (John v. 3, 4, from " waiting " till " he
had"), which expresses a popular superstition.
The section on the woman taken in adultery (John vii.
53-viii. 11, in ten MSS. at the end of the Gospel of John,
in four at the end of Luke xxi.), which no doubt rests on a
primitive and authentic tradition, but was not written by
John.
The concluding twelve verses of Mark (xvi. 9-20), which
are, however, sustained by witnesses older than our oldest
MSS.f
* The English Revision puts the doxology in the margin.
It was a case of honesty versus prudence. No change seems
to have given wider dissatisfaction than this. The doxology
is very appropriate, and will always be used ; but this, of course,
does not affect the critical question, which is simply one of evi-
dence. Its insertion from liturgical usage is far more easily
accounted for than its omission.
f The genuineness of the conclusion of Mark has been de-
fended with minute learning and ability by John W. Burgon,
B.D. (now archdeacon of Chichester), in an almost exhaustive
monograph of 334 pages : The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel
according to S. Mark Vindicated against Recent Critical Objections
and Established, Oxford and London, 1871. His apologetic zeal
leads him into injustice to the oldest and best MSS. which omit
the passage, and to the most meritorious modern critics—Tisch-
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. Ixi
The baptismal confession of the eunuch (Acts viii. 37),
which came in from ecclesiastical use.
The passage of the three heavenly witnesses (1 John v.
'7, 8), which is wanting in all the uncials, in all the ancient
versions (including the best MSS. of the Vulgate), and in
all the Greek fathers. It first appeared in Latin copies,
and only in two very late Greek MSS., of no authority.
The internal evidence is likewise against it, since John
would not have written " the Father and the* Word and the
Holy Spirit," but " the Father and the Son," or " God and
the Word," etc. Hence it is universally given up by critics.*
endorf and Tregelles, His arguments against X and B prove
altogether too much, and wrould destroy our confidence in all
MSS., versions, and citations. Dr. Scrivener also (pp. 507-513),
defends the genuineness of Mark xvi. 9-20. It seems impossi-
ble that the evangelist should have ended his book so abruptly
with tyopovvTo yap. The oldest versions and lectionaries con-
tain the section in whole or in part. Irengeus treats it as an inte-
gral portion of Mark (Adv. Hcer. iii. 10, 6). The Vatican MS.leaves the wmole third column blank, but concludes the Gospel
of Mark in the second column, at ver. 8, with the usual ara-
besque and the subscription KATA MAPKON, leaving an inter
vening space of only three lines (not enough for twro verses).
Burgon and Scrivener make much of the fact that this blank
column is the only vacant column in the Vatican MS. ; but Dr.
Abbot replies that two columns are left blank at the end of ]Nc-
hemiah, and a column and a half at the end of the book of To-
bit, presenting an appearance very similar to that of the end of
Mark. Tischendorf and Tregelles set the twelve verses apart
;
Westcott and Hort enclose them in double brackets ; the Anglo-
American Revision properly retains them writh a marginal note.
* Even Dr. Scrivener, one of the most conservative critics,
says (p. 561),'
' To maintain the genuineness of this passage is
simply impossible." More than fifty volumes and pamphlets
have been written on this controversy.
Ixii INTRODUCTION" TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
(3.) Substitutions of one word for another, similar in
spelling or sound. Here belong the remarkable variations
in John i. 18 (fwvoyevt)g Beoe, abridged 60, or viae, abridged
YC), in Luke ii. 14 (evcoria, or eucoaag) ; in Rom. v. 1 (f'x°~
Hev, or ex^nev), in 1 Tim. iii. 16 (oc, OC, or Seog, 6C), in
Apoc. xvii. 8 (icaiirep torn', for kcu 7rapeoTcu),
Other substitutions are due to the aim of harmonizing
passages, or of correcting a supposed error, as h rolg irpotyii-
raig for kv tw 'Hffa'/'a rw Trpotyrjrrj, in Mark i. 2 ; Brj^ajjapd
for BrjSavia, in John i. 28 (due, perhaps, to the conjecture
of Origen) ; tyiv kKK\r\(iiav rou Kvpiov for tov Scov, if not
vice versa, in Acts xx. 28.
5. Object of Textual Criticism.
The textual variations necessitate textual criticism, which
has gradually grown to the proportion and dignity of a
special branch of sacred learning. It wras matured with
the discovery and collection of the material during the
eighteenth century, and reached its height within the last
twenty years. It has been cultivated mostly by Protestant
scholars—Swiss, German, Dutch, and English. A few Cath-
olics—like Hug and Scholz, Vercellone and Cozza—have
nobly taken part in the work ; but, upon the whole, the
Roman Church cares more for tradition than for the Bible,
and is satisfied with the Latin Vulgate sanctioned by the
Council of Trent. Protestant Bible Societies have been
denounced as dangerous and pestiferous by several popes.
The object of textual criticism, as applied to the Greek
Testament, is to ascertain and restore, as far as possible, the
original text as it came from the pens of the apostolic au-
thors. It aims to show not what they ought to have writ-
ten, but what they actually did write.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. lxiii
6. Critical Rules.
Since Bengel, Wetstein, and Griesbach, the critical proc-
ess has been reduced to certain rules, but there is consid-
erable diversity in the mode and extent of their applica-
tion. The following* may be regarded as being sound, and
more or less accepted by the best modern critics.
(l.) Knowledge of documentary evidence must precede
the choice of readings.
(2.) All kinds of evidence must be taken into account,
according to their intrinsic value.
(3.) The sources of the text must be carefully sifted and
classified, and the authorities must be weighed rather than
numbered. One independent manuscript may be worth
two dozen which are copied from the same original. Oncloser inspection, the witnesses are found to fall into cer-
tain groups or families, and to represent certain tendencies.
Bengel and Griesbach first arranged them into recensions
or families. Westcott and Hort have modified and per-
fected this system. They distinguish between the West-
ern, the Alexandrian, the Syrian, and the neutral texts.
(4.) The restoration of the pure text is founded on the
history and genealogy of the textual corruptions.
(5.) The older reading is preferable to the later, because
it is presumably nearer the source. In exceptional cases
later copies may represent a more ancient reading.
(6.) The shorter reading is preferable to the longer, be-
cause insertions and additions are more probable than
omissions. " Brevior lectio prceferenda est verbosiori"
(Griesbach).
(7.) The more difficult reading is preferable to the easier.
"Lectio difficilior principatum tenet" was Bengel's first rule.
E
lxiv INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
(8.) The reading which explains the origin of the other
readings is preferable. This rule is emphasised by Tiseh-
endorf.
(9.) "That reading is preferable which best suits the
peculiar style, manner, and habits of thought of the au-
thor; it being the tendency of copyists to overlook the
idiosyncracies of the writer " (Scrivener).
(10.) That reading is preferable which shows no doctrinal
bias, whether orthodox or heretical.
(11.) The agreement of the most ancient witnesses of all
classes decides the true reading against all mediaeval copies
and printed editions.
(12.) The primary uncials, a, B, C, and A—especially a
and B—if sustained by ancient versions and ante-Nicene
citations, outweigh all later authorities, and give us pre-
sumably the original text.
7. Application of the Rules.
The application of these critical canons decides, in the
main, against the Textus Receptus, so called, from which the
Protestant versions were made, and in favour of an uncial
text. The former rests on a few and late, mostly cursive
MSS., which have very little or no authority when com-
pared with much older authorities which have since been
brought to light. It abounds in later additions, harmless
as they may be. It arose, as it were, by accident, before
the material for the science of criticism was collected and
examined. Erasmus, Stephens, and Beza were good schol-
ars, but could accomplish little with the scanty resources
at their command. Griesbach, Lachmann, Tregelles, and
Tischendorf have the advantage over them in the posses-
sion of an immense critical apparatus which has been accu-
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. lxv
mulating for three hundred years. We are now able to go
back from the cursive text of the fifteenth century to a
text at least a thousand years older—a text of the Nicene
and ante-Nicene a^e.
It has taken a long time for scholars to become emanci-
pated from the tyranny of the Textus Receptus, and it will
be a long time before the people can be weaned from
the authority of the vernacular versions based upon it.
But the truth will prevail at last over tradition and habit.
Amicus Stephanus, amicus Beza, sed magis arnica Veritas.
The loss of the traditional text is more than made up by
the gain. The substance remains, the form only is changed.
The true text is shorter, but it is also older, purer, and
stronger. By that we must abide until new discoveries
bring us still nearer to the inspired original.
m. THE PRINTED EDITIONS OF THE GREEK TEXT.
The history of the printed text of the Greek Testament
may be divided into three periods
:
(L) The period of the unlimited reign of the Received
Text, so called, from 1516 to 1750 or 1770.
(2.) The transition period from the Received Text to the
Uncial Text, 1770 to 1830.
(3.) The restoration of the oldest and purest text, 1830
to 1881.
Dr. Reuss, of Strasburg, who is in possession of the
largest private collection of editions of the Greek Testa-
ment, gives a chronological list of 584 distinct and 151
title editions of the Greek Testament, printed from 1514
lxvi INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.. .. —x ^^———
-
-. '
to 1870, and divides them into twenty-seven families.* I
confine myself here to the leading editions which mark an
epoch in the history of textual criticism.
1. The Period of the Textus Receptus. From Eras-
mus and Stephens to Bengel and Wetstein.—A.D.
1516-1750.
This period extends from the Reformation to the mid-
dle of the 18th century. The text of Erasmus, with a
few improvements of Stephens, Beza, and the Elzevirs, as-
sumed a stereotyped character, and acquired absolute do-
minion among scholars. The Protestant versions made
from this text gained the same authority among the laity.
Both were practically considered to be the inspired word
of God, and every departure from them was looked upon
with suspicion.
* See his Bibliotheca Novi Test. Greed (1872). The editions are
classified as follows
:
I. Editio Complutensis ; II. Editiones Erasmicae; III. Editio
Compluto-Erasmica ; IV. Editio Colinaei; V. Editiones Stepha-
nies; VI. Editiones Erasmo-Stephanicae; VII. Editiones Com-pluto-Stephanicae ; VIII. Editiones Bezanae ; IX. Editiones Ste-
phano-Bezanae; X. Editiones Stephano-Plantinianae ; XI. Edi-
tiones Elzevirianae ; XII. Editiones Stephano-Elzevirianae ; XIII.
Editiones Elzeviro-Plantinianae ; XIV. Editiones eriticae ante-
Griesbachianae ; XV. Editiones Griesbachianae ; XVI. Editiones
Matthaeianae ; XVII. Editiones Griesbachio-Elzevirianae ; XVIII.
Editiones Knappianae; XIX. Editiones criticae minores post-
Griesbachianae ; XX. Editiones Scholzianae; XXI. Editiones
Lachmannianae ; XXII. Editiones Griesbachio-Lachmannianae
;
XXIII. Editiones Tischendorfianae ; XXIV. Editiones mixtae
recentiores; XXV. Editiones nondum collatae; XXVI. Editi-
ones dubiae ; XXVII. Editiones spuriae. To these should be add-
ed the edition of Tregelles and the edition of Westcott and Hort.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. Ixvii
The Roman Catholic Church held, and still holds, with
the same unreasonable tenacity to Jerome's Vulgate, which,
as a translation, is still further removed from the fountain
of inspiration, though based in part on an older text.
(1.) The first published (not printed) edition of the Greek
Testament is that of Erasmus (urged by the enterprising
publisher Frobenius, who offered to pay him as much "as
anybody"), at Basle, Switzerland, 1516, fol.
It was a most timely publication, just one year before
the Reformation. Erasmus was the best classical scholar
of his age (a better Latinist than Hellenist), and one of the
forerunners of the Reformation, although he afterwards
withdrew from it and died on the division line between
two ages and two churches (1536). He furnished Luther
and Tyndale the text for their vernacular versions, which
became the most powerful levers of the Reformation in
Germany and England.
The first edition was taken chiefly from two late Basle
MSS. of the Gospels and Epistles, which are still preserved
in the University Library at Basle, and have the marks of
the printer's pages (as I observed in 1879). They date from
the fourteenth or fifteenth century. Erasmus compared
them with two others. For the Apocalypse he had only
one MS., borrowed from Reuchlin, then lost sight of, but
recently found again in 1861 ;* defective on the last leaf
(containing the last six verses, which he retranslated from
the Vulgate into poor Greek). Made in great haste, in
less than six months, and full of errors. Elegant Latin
version. Dedicated to Pope Leo X. Erasmus himself,
* By Dr. Delitzsch, in the library of the princely house of
Oettingen-Wallerstein. See his Handschriftliclie Funde, Heft i.
and ii. 1861 and 1862.
lxviii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
aided by (Ecolampadius, published five editions, with slight
improvements, all Grseco-Latin. Second edition, 1519 (the
basis of Luther's translation); third, 1522; fourth, 1527;
fifth, 1535 ; besides other editions which appeared at Ven-
ice, Strasburg, Basle, Paris, etc.*
The entire apparatus of Erasmus never exceeded eight
MSS. The best he had he used least, because he was
afraid of it ; namely, a cursive of the tenth century, num-
bered 1, which agrees better with the uncial than with the
received text. He also took the liberty of occasionally cor-
recting or supplementing his text from the Vulgate.
(2.) The Complutensian New Testament, in the Polyglot
Bible of Complutum, or Alcala de Henares, in Spain, pre-
pared under the direction of Cardinal Francis Ximenes
de Cisneros (archbishop of Toledo), and published 1520,
with papal approbation, in 6 vols. The work was begun
1502, in celebration of the birth of Charles V., and the NewTestament was completed Jan. 10, 1514; the fourth vol.,
July 10, 1517 (the year of the Reformation) ; but not pub-
* Eeuss gives the titles of these editions, and says (Biblioth.
p. 26) that they vary in sixty-two out of a thousand places which
he compared. Mill's estimate of the variations is far below the
mark; see Scrivener, p. 385. Of the first edition Erasmus him-
self says, "prcecipitatum fuit xerius quam editum," in order that
his publisher might anticipate the publication of the Complu-
tensian Polyglot. The second edition is more correct. Thethird edition first inserted the spurious passage of the three wit-
nesses (1 John v. 7) from the Codex Montfortianus of the six-
teenth century. The fourth edition adds, in a third parallel
column, the Latin Vulgate, besides the Greek and his own ver-
sion. The fifth edition omits the Vulgate, but otherwise hardly
differs from the fourth ; and from these two, in the main, the
Textus Beceptus is ultimately derived.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. lxix
lished till 1520, four years after the first edition of Erasmus
(who did not see the Polyglot till 1522), and three years
after the cardinal's death (who died 1517, at the age of
eighty-one). Pope Leo would not give his approbation till
March 22, 1520 ; even then there was some delay, and the
work did not get into general circulation before 1522.
The New Testament forms vol. v., and gives the Greek
and the Latin Vulgate. Vols, ii., iii., and iv. contain the Old
Testament with the Apocrypha. The canonical books of
the Old Testament are given in three languages : the Latin
Vulgate characteristically holds the place of honour in the
middle, between the Greek Septuagint and the Hebrew orig-
inal. This signifies, according to the Prolegomena, that
Christ, i. e. the Roman or Latin Church, was crucified be-
tween two robbers, i. e. the Jewish Synagogue and the
schismatical Greek Church ! The sixth vol. contains lexica,.
indexes, etc. Only six hundred copies were printed ; hence
the work is very rare.
The liberal cardinal spent on his Polyglot 50,000 ducats,
or about $115,000. But it wTas only one fourth of his
yearly income.*
The text of the New Testament is mostlv derived from
late MSS. not specified, and not described except in the
general terms " very ancient and correct," and procured
from Rome.f
* See a full description in Tregelles, Account of the Printed
Text, etc., pp. 1-19.
f On the textual sources of the Complutensian Polyglot, see
Tregelles, loc. cit., pp. 12-18. Reuss (Biblioth. pp. 16-24) gives a
list of the readings peculiar to this Greek Testament. An ac-
curate reprint wTas edited by P. A. Gratz, Tubingen, 1821 ; 2d ed.
Mayence, 1827, with changes in the orthography and punctua-
lxx INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
(3.) Editions of the great printer and scholar Robert
Stephens (Stephanus, Estienne, 1503-59), published at
Paris in 1546 and 1549, 16nio (called, from the first words
of the preface, the mirificam editions); 1550, in folio;
and at Geneva in 1551, 16mo. His son Henry (1528-98)
collated the MSS. employed for these editions, which were
greatly admired for their excellent type, cast at the expense
of the French government.
Stephens's "royal edition" {editio regia) of 1550 is the
most celebrated, and the nearest source of the Textus Re-
ceptus* The text was mainly taken from Erasmus (the
editions of 1527 and 1535), with marginal readings from the
Complutensian edition, and fifteen MSS. of the Paris libra-
ry, two of them valuable (D and L), but least used. It
was republished by F. H. Scrivener, 1859; new edition
1877, with the variations of Beza (1565), Elzevir (1624),
Lachmann, Teschendorf, and Tregelles.
The edition of 1551, which was published at Geneva
(where Eobert Stephens spent his last years as a professed
Protestant), though chiefly a reprint of the Royal edition of
1550 in inferior style, is remarkable for the versicular di-
vision which here appears for the first time, and which
Robert Stephens is said to have made on horseback on a
journey from Paris to Lyons. The edition contains the
Greek text in the middle of the page, with the Latin Vul-
gate on the inner side, and the Erasmian version on the
outer. The versicular division is injudicious, and breaks
tion. Leander Van Ess published an editio Compluto-Eras-
mica, Tub. 1827. See Reuss, p. 45.
* Reuss (p. 53) :
'
' Est hcec ipsa editio ex qua derivator quern
nostri textum receptum vulgo vocant, nomine rei minus bene ap-
tato."
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. lxxi
up the text, sometimes in the middle of the sentence, into
fragments, instead of presenting it in natural sections ; but
it is convenient for reference, and has become indispensa-
ble by long use. The English Revision judiciously com-
bines both methods.
(4.) Theodore de Beze (Beza, 1519-1605), Calvin's
friend and successor in Geneva, who came into possession
of some valuable old MSS. (Cod. Cantabr. and Claromont.),
but made little use of them, published several folio editions
of Stephens's Greek text (4th ed.), with some changes and
a Latin translation of his own, Geneva, 1565, 1582, 1588
(many copies dated 1589), 1598 (reprinted in Cambridge,
1642).*
Beza was a poor critic, but an eminent theologian and
commentator, and enjoyed, with Calvin and Bullinger, the
highest respect in England during the reigns of Elizabeth
and James I. His editions were chiefly used for the Au-
thorised English version of 1611, in connection with the
last editions of Stephens.f
* Beza called the edition of 1565 the second, but his first, 1557,
was only his Latin version with annotations, for which he cared
more than for the Greek text. Scrivener (Introd. 2d ed. p. 390)
gives 1559 as the date of the first edition; but this is an error;
see Reuss, Biblioth. p. 72 sq. Others speak of an edition of 1576
;
but this was edited by Henry Stephens. Besides the four folio
editions noticed above, Beza published several octavo editions
with his Latin version and short marginal notes (1565-67-80-90,
1604). For a full description, see Masch's Le Long, Bibl. Sacra,
pars i. pp. 307-316.
f On the precise Greek text of the English version, see Dr.
Abbot's researches in my Introduction to Lightfoot, Trench, and
Ellicott on the Bevision of the New Testament, New York, 1873,
pp. xxvii.-xxix. He shows that the English version agrees
lxxii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
(5.) The brothers Bonaventure and Abraham Elzevir,
enterprising publishers in Holland, issued, with the aid of
unknown editors, several editions at Leyden, 1624, 1633,
1641 ; originally taken (not from Stephens, but) from Beza's
smaller edition of 1565, with a few changes from his later
editions. Neatly printed, and of handy size, they were
popular and authoritative for a long period. The preface
to the second edition boldly proclaims :" Textum ergo habes,
nunc ab omnibus receptum : in quo nihil immutatum aut
corruptum damns" Hence the name Textus Receptus, or
commonly received standard text, which became a part of
orthodoxy on the Continent; while in England Stephens's
edition of 1550 acquired this authority; but both agree
substantially.* Erasmus is the first, Elzevir's editor the
last author, so to say, of the Textus Receptus. All the
Holland editions were scrupulously copied from the Elze-
vir text, and Wetstein could not get authority to print his
famous Greek Testament (1751-52) except on condition
of following it.f
with Beza (ed. 1589) against Stephens (ed. 1550) in about ninety
places, with Stephens against Beza in about forty, and differs
from both in thirty or forty places. Beza's Latin version,which
was superior to the preceding ones, and his notes, had also con-
siderable influence, which was misleading in many instances,
but, on the whole, beneficial. See B. F. Westcott, History of the
English Bible (Lond. 1868), p. 294.
* Mill observed but twelve variations. Tischendorf (p.lxxxv.
7th ed.) gives a list of 150 changes; Scrivener (p. 392) states the
number at 287. These variations are as unimportant as the va-
riations of the different editions of King James's English ver-
sion, which number over 20,000.
f For a history of the Elzevir family and a list of their publi-
cations, see Les Elzevier. Histoire et Annates typographiques, par
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION, lxxiii
(6.) Brian Walton's Polyglot Bible, Lond. 1657, 6 torn.
fol. The New Testament (torn, v.) gives the Greek text of
Stephens, 1550, with the Latin Vulgate, the Peshito Syriac,
the .^Ethiopic, and Arabic versions*. In the Gospels a Per-
sic version is added. Each Oriental version has a collateral
Latin translation. At the foot of the Greek text are given
the readings of Cod. A. The sixth or supplementary vol-
ume furnishes a critical apparatus gathered from sixteen
authorities, by the care of the celebrated Archbishop TJs-
sher (1580-1656), who had been appointed a member of
the Westminster Assembly of Divines, but never attended.
Walton (1600-1661) was a royalist, during the civil war,
and chaplain to Charles L, and after the Restoration conse-
crated bishop of Chester (1661). But the Polyglot was
published under the patronage of Cromwell, who allowed
the paper to be imported free of duty. This patronage
was afterwards disowned ; hence there are two kinds of
Alphonse Willems, Brux. et Paris, 1880, 2 vols. The titles of
the first two editions (1624 and 1633) are as follows
:
'H Kaivri AiaSriKr). Novum Testamentvm, ex Begijs alijsque
optimis editionibus cum curd expressum. Lvgdvni Batavorvm,
ex Officina Elzeviriana. clo Io c xxrv. 12mo or 24mo.
(" Cette edition du N. T. est reputee correcte, mais elle a ete effa-
ces par celle de 1633. " Willems, i. 98.)
'H Kaivrj AiaSrjicr]. Novum Testamentum. Ex Regiis aliisque
optimis editionibus, hac nova expressum : cui quid accesserit, Prce-
fatio docebit. Lvgd. Batavorvm, ex Officina Elzeviriorum.
do Id c xxxiii. 12mo or 24mo.
The second is the most beautiful and correct edition. Oneof the two editions dated 1641 (that printed by the Elzevirs for
Whitaker of London) has notes of Robert Stephens, Joseph
Scaliger, Isaac Casaubon, etc. Later editions were printed at
Amsterdam.
Ixxiv INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
copies— the one called " republican" (with compliments
to Cromwell in the preface, but no dedication), the other
" loyal" and dedicated to Charles II.*
Walton's Polyglot is less magnificent than the Paris
Polyglot (Paris, 1645, in 10 vols.), but more ample, com-
modious, and critical.
f
* "Twelve copies were struck off on large paper. By Crom-
well's permission the paper for this work was allowed to be im-
ported free of duty, and honourable mention is made of him in
the Preface. On the Restoration this courtesy was dishonour-
ably withdrawn, and the usual Bible dedication sycophancy
transferred to Charles II., at the expense of several cancels;
and in this, the ' Loyal ' copy, so called in contradistinction to
the 'Republican,' Cromwell is spoken of as 'Maximus ille
Draco.' This is said to have been the first work printed bysubscription in England " (The Bibles in the Caxton Exhibition,
London, 1877, p. 119 sq.). Comp. H. J. Todd's Memoirs of the
Life and Writings of Brian Walton, London, 1821, 2 vols.
f Brian Walton was involved in a controversy with Dr. John
Owen, the famous Puritan divine, who labored to defend, from
purely dogmatic premises, without regard to stubborn facts, the
scholastic theory that inspiration involved not only the religious
doctrines, but "every tittle and iota," and that "the Scriptures
of the 0. and N". Testaments were immediately and entirely given
out by God himself, his mind being in them represented unto
us without the least interveniency of such mediums and waysas were capable of giving change or alteration to the least iota or
syllable." (Of the Integrity and Purity of the Hebrew Text of the
Scriptures, with Considerations on the Prolegomena and Appendixto the late
(
Biblia Polyglotta,' Oxford, 1659.) To this Walton re-
plied, forcibly and conclusively, in The Considerator Considered,
London, 1659. He maintained that the authority of the Script-
ures, as a certain and sufficient rule of faith, does not depend
upon any human authority or any human theory of inspiration,
and that Owen's view was contrary to undeniable facts, and
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. lxxv
(7.) John Mill's Novum Testamentum Grcecum, Oxon.
1707, fol.; often reprinted, especially in England. The
fruit of thirty years' labour. A vastly increased critical
apparatus.* The text is from Stephens, 1550. It had
been preceded by the New Testament of Bishop John
Fell, Oxford, 1675; an edition "more valuable for the
impulse it gave to subsequent investigators than for the
richness of its own stores of fresh materials " (Scrivener,
p. 395).
Bentley's proposed edition, 1720. Dr. Richard Bent-
ley (1662-1742), whose rare classical scholarship and criti-
cal discernment pre-eminently fitted him for the task, made
extensive and expensive preparations for a new edition of
the Greek and Latin Testament. He, unfortunately, failed
to execute his design ; but he discovered the true principle
which, a century afterwards, was executed by the critical
genius of Lachmann. He proposed to go back from the
Textus Receptus to the oldest text of the first five centuries,
hoping that " by taking 2000 errors out of the Pope's Vul-
gate and as many out of the Protestant Pope Stephens's,"
he could " set out an edition of each in columns, without
using any book under 900 years old, that shall so exactly
agree word for word, and order for order, that no two tal-
lies, nor two indentures, can agree better." He issued his
Projiosals for such an edition in 1720, with the last chap-
contrary to the judgment of the Reformers and the chief Protes-
tant divines and linguists from Luther and Calvin down to Gro-
tius and Cappellus. " The truth needs not the patronage of an
untruth."
* See the list of Mill's MSS. in Scrivener, p. 398. Kuster's re-
print of Mill, with additions, Amsterdam and Leipsic, also Rot-
terdam, 1710, deserves to be mentioned.
lxxvi INTRODUCTION1 TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
ter of Revelation in 'Greet and Latin as a specimen. The
scheme was frustrated by an angry controversy between
him and Conyers Middleton, and other contentions in which
he was involved, by his unruly temper, at Cambridge. . The
money paid in advance (two thousand guineas) was return-
ed to the subscribers by his nephew, whom he made his
literary executor. All that is left is a mass of critical ma-
terial in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, includ-
ing: the collation of the Codex Vaticanus, which was tran-
scribed by Woide and edited by Ford in 1799. Bentley
was too sanguine in his expectations, and too confident
and hasty in his conclusions ; but his edition, as Tregelles
says, " would have been a valuable contribution towards
the establishment of a settled text : it would at least have
shaten the foundations of the Textus Receptus ; and it
might well have formed the basis of further labours."
After Bentley's death active interest in Biblical criticism
in England ceased for nearly a century, and the wort was
carried on mainly by German scholars.
(8.) J. A. Bengel (1687-1752), a most original, pro-
found, pregnant, and devout commentator, author of the
invaluable Gnomon, which is a marvel of multum in parvo,
edited a Greet Testament at Tubingen, 1734 and 1755,
and wrote several critical dissertations. He became a critic
from conscientious scruples, but was confirmed in his faith
by thorough research. He divided the textual witnesses
into families; facilitated the method of comparing and
weighing the readings ; suggested true principles of criti-
cism ; and departed, in the Apocalypse (his favorite study),
from the Textus Receptus. Most of his cautious changes
have been approved. In the apparatus criticus he first
set the example of recording the testimonies for and
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION, lxxvii
against the received reading, but he did it only in rare
instances. "The peculiar importance of Bengel's NewTestament is due to the critical principles developed there-
in. Not only was his native acuteness of great service to
him when weighing the conflicting probabilities of internal
evidence, but in his fertile mind sprang up the germ of
that theory of families or recensions which was afterwards
expanded by J. S. Sender (1725-91), and grew to such for-
midable dimensions in the skilful hands of Griesbach."*
(9.) Jo. Jac. WETSTEiNf (1693-1754): Novum Testa-
mentum Grcecum Editionis Receptee cum Lectionibus, etc.,
Amstel. 1751-52, 2 torn. fol. The text is mainly from the
Elzevir editions, with some readings from Fell's text. Hemade large additions to the apparatus, and carefully de-
scribed the MSS. and other sources in the Prolegomena,
i. 1-222 ; ii. 3-15, 449-454, 741-43. His magnificent
edition contains also a learned commentary, with illustra-
tions from Hebrew, Greek, and Latin authors.
Wet-stein was far inferior to Bengel in judgment, but
surpassed him in the extent of his resources. He was nei-
ther a sound theologian nor a safe critic, but a most in-
dustrious worker and collator. His New Testament repre-
* Scrivener, p. 403. Comp. on Bengel the biographies of Burk
(1831) and Wachter (1865), and an article in Herzog, ii. 295-301
(new ed.).
t His family name was Wettstein (see Hagenbach's art. in
Herzog, vol. xviii. p. 74); but he signed himself in Latin Wet-
stenius; and hence English, Dutch, and most German writers
spell the name Wetstein. He was a native of Basle, and for
some time assistant pastor of his father at St. Leonhard's ; but,
being suspected of Arian and Socinian heresy, he was deposed
and exiled from his native city (1730). He obtained a profess-
orship at the Arminian College at Amsterdam (1733).
Ixxviii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
sents the labour of forty years. He had a natural passion
for the study of MSS. ; made extensive literary journeys
;
collated about 102 MSS. (among them A, C, and D) with
greater care than had been done before, and introduced
the system of citing them by Latin letters and Arabic nu-
merals. His Prolegomena are disfigured by the long and
painful history of his controversy with his narrow ortho-
dox opponents, Iselin and Frey ; he depreciated the merits
of Bengel; but his New Testament is still valuable as a
storehouse of parallel passages from the ancient classics.
During the next twenty years little was done for textual
criticism. Johann Salomo Semler, the father of German
rationalism (1725-91), but, in what he called " Privat-From-
migkeit" (personal piety), a pietist and an earnest oppo-
nent of deism, re-edited Wetstein's Prolegomena with val-
uable suggestions (Halle, 1764), and stimulated the zeal of
his great pupil Griesbach.
2. Second Period : Transition from the Textus Re-
CEPTUS TO THE UNCIAL TeXT. FROM GrIESBACH TO
Lachmann—A.I). 1770-1830.
This period shows enlarged comparison of the three
sources of the text, the discovery of critical canons, a
gradual improvement of the Textus Beceptus, and approach
to an older and better text ; but the former wTas still re-
tained as a basis on a prescriptive right.
(10.) The period is introduced by the honoured name of
Johann Jacob Griesbach (1745-1812), professor of di-
vinity at Halle and then at Jena. He made the study of
textual criticism of the Greek Testament his life-work, and
combined all the necessary qualifications of accurate learn-
ing, patient industry, and sound judgment. His editions
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION, lxxix
from 1775 to 1806 mark the beginning of a really critical
text, based upon fixed rules. Among these are, that a read-
ing must be supported by ancient testimony ; that the short-
er reading is preferable to the longer, the more difficult to
the easy, the unusual to the usual. He sifted Wetstein's
apparatus with scrupulous care ; enlarged it by collecting
the citations of Origen, and utilizing the Old Latin texts,
published by Bianchini and Sabatier ; improved and devel-
oped Bengel's system of recensions, classifying the author-
ities under three heads—the Western (D, Latin versions,
fathers), the Alexandrian (B, C, L, etc., a recension of the
corrupt Western text), and the Constantinopolitan (A, flow-
ing from both) ; but recognised also mixed and transitional
texts, decided for the readings of the largest relative ex-
tent, but departed from the Elzevir text only for clear and
urgent reasons. His critical canons are well - considered
and sound ; but he wTas too much fettered by his recension
theory, which was ably criticised and modified by Hug, a
Roman Catholic scholar (1765-1846).
Principal editions, Halle and London, 1775-77, 1796-
1806, 2 torn. 8vo; reprinted, London, 1809 and 1818 (a
very fine edition) ; an improved third edition of the Gos-
pels by David Schulz, 1827, with Prolegomena and an en-
larged apparatus. Griesbach's text is the basis of many
manual editions by Schott, Knapp, Tittmann, Hahn, Theile,
and of several English and American editions.
While Griesbach was engaged in his work, several
scholars made valuable additions to the critical appa-
ratus, the results of which he incorporated in his last edi-
tion.
C. F. Matthaei (professor at Wittenberg, then at Mos-
cow; d. 1811), Griesbach's opponent, ridiculed the system
F
ixxx INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
of recensions, despised the most ancient authorities, and
furnished a text from about a hundred Moscow MSS., all of
Con stantinopolitan origin, to which he attributed too great
a value. The result by no means justified his pretensions
and passionate attacks upon others. His Novum Test
Greece et Lett, was published at Riga, 1782-88, 12 vols. 8vo
;
an edition with the Greek text only, in 3 vols. (1803-7).
The Danish professors Birch, Adler, and Molden-
hawer collected, at the expense of the King of Denmark,
a large and valuable amount of new critical material in
Italy and Spain, including the readings of the Vatican
MS., published by Birch, 1788-1801. During the same
period Codd. A, D, and other important MSS. were pub-
lished.
F. C. Alter, in his Greek Test., Vienna, 1786-87, 8vo,
gave the readings of twenty-two Vienna MSS., and also of
four MSS. of the Slavonic version.
The new discoveries of these scholars went far to con-
firm Griesbach's critical judgment.
(11.) J. M. A. Scholz (a pupil of Hug, and Roman Cath-
olic professor in Bonn; d. 1852): Novum Testamentum
Greece, etc., 1830-36, 2 vols. 4to; the text reprinted by
Bagster, London, with the English version.
Scholz was a poor critic, but an extensive collator. Heexamined many new MSS. in different countries, though
not very accurately, and gave the preference to the Byzan-
tine family, as distinct from the Alexandrian. He fre-
quently departed from the received text, yet, upon the
whole, preserved it in preference to that of the Vulgate
(which is remarkable for a Roman Catholic). His edition
has found greater favour in England than in Germany. It
marks no advance upon Griesbach.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. Ixxxi
3. Third Period : The Restoration of the Primitive
Text. From Lachmann and Tischendorf to West-
cott and Hort—A.D. 1830-81.
(12.) Carl Lachmann (professor of classical philology
in Berlin; d. 1851): Novum Testamentum Greece et La-
tine, Berol. 1842-50, 2 vols. Comp. his art. in the Studien
und Kritiken, 1830, No. 4, pp. 817-845. Lachmann had
previously published a small edition in 1831, with various
readings at the end. In the larger edition he was aided
by the younger Philip Buttmann, who added the appara-
tus of the Greek text, and published also another small
edition based on the Vatican MS., 1856, 1862, and 1865.
Lachmann was not a professional theologian, and not
hampered by traditional prejudice. His object was to re-
store the oldest accessible text, i. e. the text of the fourth
or fifth century, as found in the oldest sources then known
(especially Codd. A, B, C, Itala, Vulgate, ante-Nicene fa-
thers);yet not as a final text, but simply as a sure histor-
ical basis for further operations of internal criticism. Hegives, with diplomatic accuracy, even palpable writing er-
rors if sufficiently attested ; not as proceeding from the
original writers, but as parts of the textus traditus of the
fourth century. His range of authorities was limited ; Cod.
Sinaiticus had not yet been discovered, and Codd. B and Cnot critically edited. But to him belongs the credit of
having broken a new path, and established, with the genius
and experience of a master critic, the true basis. He car-
ried out the hint of Bentley and Bengel, and had the bold-
ness to destroy the tyranny of the Textus Receptus, and to
substitute for it the uncial text of the Nicene age.
Lachmann met with much opposition from the profession-
lxxxii INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
al theologians, even from such a liberal critic as De Wette,
who thought that he had wasted his time and strength.
Such is the power of habit and prejudice that every inch
of ground in the march of progress is disputed, and must
be fairly conquered. But his principles are now pretty
generally acknowledged as correct.*
(13.) Constantin von Teschendorf (professor of the-
clogy at Leipsic; b. 1815, d. 1874) : Novum Testamenium
Greece, etc., eel. octava critica maior, Lips. ; issued at in-
tervals, in eleven parts, from 1864 to 1872, 2 vols., with a
full critical apparatus.
Prof. Teschendorf is by far the most industrious, en-
terprising, and successful textual critic of the nineteenth
century. He visited the principal libraries of Europe in
search of documents ; made four journeys to England, and
three to the Orient ; discovered, collated, copied, and edited
many most important MSS. ; and published, between 1841
and 1873, no less than twenty-four editions of the Greek
Testament (including the reissues of his stereotyped eelitio
acaelemica). Four of these—issued 1841, 1849, 1859, and
1872—mark a progress in the acquisition of new material.
The catalogue of his publications, most of them relating to
Biblical criticism, covers more than ten octavo pages. In
1873 he hoped to attend the General Conference of the
Evangelical Alliance in New York, and to read a paper on
the influence of the Apocryphal Gospels on the formation
of the Roman Catholic theory and worship of the Virgin
* Tregelles (p. 99): "Lachmann led the way in casting aside
the so-called Textus Beceptus, and boldly placing the New Tes-
tament wholly and entirely on the basis of actual authority."
Reuss calls him (Blblioth. p. 239)l(mr eloctissimus et Kjomrcwraroc;."
Scrivener (p. 422 sqq.) depreciates his merits.
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION, lxxxiii
Mary. I had transmitted to him, in the name of the Amer-
ican branch, two free tickets for himself and his son, and
provided comfortable- lodgings, when a fatal stroke of apo-
plexy suddenly arrested his earthly labours, May 5, 1873,
although he lingered till Dec. 7, 1874.*
Teschendorf started from the basis of Lachmann, but
with a less rigorous application of his principle, and with a
much larger number of authorities. He intended to give
not only the oldest, but also the best, text, with the aid of
all authorities. His judgment was influenced by subjec-
tive considerations and a very impulsive temper; hence
frequent changes in his many editions, which he honest-
ly confessed, quoting Teschendorf versus Tischendorf, but
they mark the progress in the range of his resources and
knowledge. In his last and best edition he returns again
to the uncial authorities, after a temporary departure to
later documents, and gives full credit to his own greatest
discovery, the MS. from the Mount of Legislation.
* See J. E.Volbeding, Oonstantin Tischendorf in seiner 25-jdh-
rigen schriftstellerischen WirksamTceit, Leips. 1862; Dr. Abbot's
article on Tischendorf in the Unitarian Bevieio for March, 1875;
Dr. Gregory's article in the Bibliotheca Sacra for January, 1876
;
and for his moral and religious character, the addresses of his
pastor, Dr. Ahlfeld, and his colleagues Drs. Kahnis and Lu-
thardt, Am Sarge Tischendorfs, wTith a list of his writings, Leips.
1874. These addresses bring into prominence his noble quali-
ties, which were somewhat concealed to the superficial observer
by a skin disease—his personal vanity and overfondness for his
many and well-earned titles and twenty or more decorations
from sovereigns which were displayed in his parlor. He took
a prominent part in the united deputations of the Evangelical
Alliance to the Czar and Prince GortschakofT, at Friedrichs-
hafen, in behalf of the persecuted Lutherans in the Baltic prov-
inces, in 1871, at the risk of his popularity at the Russian court.
lxxxiv INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
The Latin Prolegomena to this edition have been pre-
pared, since 1876, by an American scholar, Dr. Caspar Rene
Gregory, residing at Leipsic, with the efficient aid of Dr.
Ezra Abbot, of Cambridge, Mass., and will soon be pub-
lished. Thus America is permitted to take an important
part in this great work of restoring the purest text of the
book of books by completing the noblest monument of
German scholarship in the line of textual criticism.*
(14.) Sam. Prideaux Tregelles (1813-1875): The
Greek New Testament, editedfrom ancient authorities, tuith
the Latin Version of Jerome from the Codex Amiatinus,
London ; issued in parts from 1857 to 1879, 4to. He had
previously edited The Booh of Revelation in Greek, 1844.
Dr. Tregelles devoted his whole life to this useful and
herculean task, with a reverent and devout spirit similar to
that of Bengel.f He visited many libraries in Europe, col-
* See an article by Dr. Abbot in the Harvard Begister, Cam-bridge, Mass., 1881, pp. 322, 323. We learn from this that the
Prolegomena will give the fullest description of the critical ma-
terial and a key to the multitudinous abbreviations of Tischen-
dorf's apparatus, wThich to ordinary readers are about as intel-
ligible as a hieroglyphic alphabet. The '
' Addenda et Emen-danda " will contain a formidable list of errors in the text and
apparatus which scholars have detected, and additional refer-
ences to new sources. I regret that I could not avail myself of
these Prolegomena, but I had the benefit of Dr. Abbot's valu-
able suggestions and aid in reading the proof of this Introduc-
tion, which I was obliged to prepare within a few wTeeks.
f Dr. T. was of Quaker descent, and associated for a time with
the "Plymouth Brethren." He edited The Englishman's Greek
Concordance to tlie JS~. T. (1839), The Englishman's Hebrew andChaldee Concordance of tlie 0. T. (1843, 2 vols.), a translation of
Gesenias's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon (1847), and other useful
books. He was very poor, but in his later years he received a
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION, lxxxv
lated the most important uncial and cursive MSS., and pub-
lished the palimpsest Codex Zacynthius (on Luke). Hewas far behind Teschendorf in the extent of his resources,
but more scrupulously accurate in the use of them."* Hefollowed Lachmann's principle. He left behind him a
monumental work of painstaking, conscientious, and de-
vout scholarship. But it needs to be corrected and sup-
plemented from the Codex Sinaiticus, and the critical edi-
tion of the Codex Vaticanus, which he was not permitted
to inspect in Rome by the jealous authorities. Like Tesch-
endorf, he was prevented from completing his work, and
was struck down by paralysis while engaged in conclud-
ing the last chapters of Revelation (in 1870). He never
recovered, and could not take part in the labours of the
English Revision Committee, of which he was appointed
a member. The Prolegomena wTere compiled and edited
four years after his death by Dr. Hort and Rev. A. W.Streane, 1879.
(15.) Westcott and Hort : The New Testament in the
Original Greek, Cambridge and London, Macmillan & Co.
;
New York, Harper & Brothers, 1881.
Of this, the last and the best critical edition of the Greek
Testament, which was begun in 1853 and completed in
1881, we have said enough in the beginning of this Intro-
duction.
Simultaneously with this edition there appeared two
other editions of the Greek Testament, which make no
pension of £200 from the civil list. His belief in verbal inspira-
tion made him, like Bengel, a verbal critic.
* Dr. Scrivener remarks (p. 431): "Where Tischendorf and
Tregelles differ" (in collation), "the latter is seldom in the
wrong."
lxxxvi INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.
claim to be independent critical recensions of the text, but
have a special interest and value in connection with the
Westminster or Anglo-American Revision, and supplement
each other. They were carefully prepared by two mem-
bers of the New Testament Company of Revisers, but it is
distinctly stated that "the Revisers are not responsible"
for the publication. They were undertaken by the English
University Presses.
Dr. Scrivener, in his edition published by the Univer-
sity Press of Cambridge, gives The New Testament in the
Original Greek, according to the Text followed in the Au-
thorised Version (i. e. the Textus Receptus of Beza's edition
of 1598), together with the Variations adopted in the Re-
vised Version. He puts the new readings at the foot of
!the page, and prints the displaced readings of the text in
heavier type.
Dr. Palmer, archdeacon of Oxford, in The Greek Testa-
ment, with the Readings adopted by the Revisers of the Au-
thorised Version, published by the Clarendon Press, Ox-
ford, 1881, pursues the opposite method: he presents the
Greek text followed by the Revisers, and puts the discarded
readings of the Textus Receptus and of the version of 1611
in foot-notes. The Revisers state, in the Preface from the
Jerusalem Chamber (p. xiii., royal-octavo ed.), that they did
not esteem it within their province " to construct a contin-
uous and complete Greek text. In many cases the English
rendering was considered to represent correctly either of
two competing readings in the Greek, and then the ques-
tion of the text was usually not raised." Dr. Palmer, with
the aid of lists of readings prepared by the Revisers in
the progress of their work, has constructed a continuous
text, taking for the basis the third edition of Stephens
INTRODUCTION TO THE AMERICAN EDITION, lxxxvii
(1550), and following it closely in all cases in which the
Revisers did not express a preference for other readings;
even the orthography, the spelling of proper names, and
the typographical peculiarities or errors of Stephens are,
with a few exceptions, retained. The chapters are marked
as in Stephens's edition of 1550, the distribution into
verses accords with that in the Authorised Version, and
the division into paragraphs is conformed to the English
Revision of 1881.
The year 1881 is fruitful above any other in editions of
the New Testament in Greek and the Revised English Ver-
sion ; and the demand for the latter in Great Britain and
the United States is beyond all precedent in the history of
literature. We may well call it the year of the republi-
cation of the Gospel. The immense stimulus thus given
to a careful and comparative study of the words of Christ
and his apostles must bear rich fruit. The first printed
edition of the Greek Testament in 1516 wTas followed by
the great Reformation of 1517. May the numerous edi-
tions of 1881 lead to a deeper understanding and wider
spread of the Christianity of Christ
!
New York, August 1, 1881.
INDEX TO NOTATION.
The notation adopted in this work is used to draw attention
to three classes of passages
:
(1.) Passages where it has been found impossible to decide
which of two or more various readings is certainly right.
(2.) Passages containing readings in regard to which somesuspicion is entertained by the editors.
(3.) Passages where interpolations of special interest occur in
certain documents.
In connection with all passages of the first class, alternative
readings are given, which have a reasonable probability of be-
ing genuine. Of these alternative readings, those which on the
whole are the more probable, or the better attested, are printed
in the text as the primary readings ; the secondary readings
being distinguished by a notation which varies according as
they differ from the primary readings by omission, addition, or
substitution.
MARKS IN THE TEXT.
[ ] These marks indicate that the word or words enclosed in
them are omitted in secondary readings. Thus, in Matt.
vii. 24 (p. 17), tovq Xoyovg tovtovq is the primary read-
ing, tovq \6yovg, without tovtovq, the secondary read-
ing.f
(1.) Without any accompanying mark in tlie margin. Thismark indicates the place where secondary readings addthe word or words printed in the margin opposite the
primary reading. Thus, in Matt. xxiiL 38 (p. 56), 6 oIkoq
vfiutv is the primary reading, 6 oZkoq vfiwv iprj/xog the sec-
ondary reading.
(2.) Accompanied by the marks -\ (- in the margin, it indicates
that certain ' Western' documents contain, in places thus
distinguished, interpolations embracing some apparent-
ly fresh or distinctive matter, but having no sufficient
:
II
IXDEX TO XOTATIOX. Lxxxix
intrinsic claim to any form of incorporation with the
New Testament ; such interpolations being printed oppo-site to it in the margin between the special marks H hSee Matt. xx. 16 (p. 47), where some ' Western ' docu-
ments interpolate, after Zgxcltoi, the clause ttoXXoI yap
daiv icXtjtol oXiyoi dk IkXektoi.
r ~l These marks enclose portions of the text to which the con-
tents of the opposite margin refer. They are used in
the following cases
:
(1.) Without any accompanying mark in the margin, to in-
dicate words and passages for which secondary readings
are printed opposite in the margin. Thus, in Matt. xvi.
20 (p. 39), iweTifJinvev is the primary reading, SbEcrrdXciTo
the secondary reading.
(2.) Accompanied by (Ap. f ' in the margin, to indicate por-
tions of the text which, in the judgement of the editors,
probably contain some "primitive" error, that is, anerror affecting the text of all existing documents, andthus incapable of being rectified without the aid of con-
jecture; such places being the subject of notes in the
Appendix. See Matt. xv. 30 (p* 37), xuikovg, kvXXovi;,
TV(pX0VQ, K(0(j)QVQ.
(3.) Accompanied by the marginal marks H h, to indicate por-
tions of the text for which ' Western ' documents substi-
tute the word or words printed opposite in the marginbetween the special marks -\ h ; such substitutions being
similar in character to the ' Western ' interpolations al-
ready mentioned. Thus, in Matt. viii. 12 (p. 18), some' Western ' documents substitute k^eXevaovrai for U/3X?j-
9t](tovtcu of the text,
f f These marks indicate that the word or words enclosed
within them are apparently right, and are attested large-
ly, though not by the best documents ; the better attest-
ed readings being printed in the margin with 'Ap. ' andnoticed in the Appendix. Thus, in Heb. vii. 1 (p. 469),
o is apparently right, dg the better attested reading.
| These marks enclose (a) a few very early interpolations
in the Gospels, omitted by ' Western ' documents alone,
as in Luke xxii. 19, 20 (p. 177), or by 'Western' and' Syrian ' documents alone, as in Matt, xxvii, 49 (pp. 68,
69); (b) a few interpolations in the Gospels, probably
xc INDEX TO NOTATION.
'Western' in origin, containing important matter ap-
parently derived from extraneous sources, as in Matt,
xvi. 2, 3 (p. 38).
MARKS IN THE MARGIN.
[ ] Used in the margin with the same significance as in the
text (see above), to distinguish two or more marginal
readings which differ from each other merely by the
omission or addition of words. Thus two alternative
readings are indicated in the margin at Matt. viii. 18
(p. 19), one being 7roWovg ox^ovg, the other 6x\ovg with-
v. out ttoWovq. In other cases, two or more marginal read-
ings are separated by v. See marg. Matt. xiii. 30 (p. 32).
Ap. (1.) When attached to marginal readings or punctuations,
this indicates that such readings or punctuations are ex-
amined in the Appendix." (2.) Accompanied by ff in the text. See f f above." (3.) Standing alone, toithout any corresponding mark in the
text, it indicates places where occur miscellaneous re-
jected readings which, having some special interest, are
noticed in the Appendix. See Matt. xvii. 20 (p. 41).
Ap.\ Accompanied by r 1 in the text. See r 1(2.) above.
H h Accompanied by ^ or r ^ in the text. See "*"(2.) and r "*
(3.) above.* This mark indicates that the marginal note, being too
long to be conveniently inserted in the usual place, has
been printed at the foot of the page, where it is distin-
t guished by a corresponding *. When two notes of this
kind occur on one page, the second is indicated by J.
See Acts xviii. 21 and 27 (p. 290).
TYPE AND ARRANGEMENT.
Uncial type is employed for quotations from the Old Testa-
ment, including phrases borrowed from some one place or a
number of places.
Metrical arrangement is chosen for poetical and rhythmical
passages.
Short spaces indicate sub-paragraphs.
The orthography is taken from the best MSS.
EYArTEAION
KATA MA00AION
KATA MAPKON
KATA AOYKAN
KATA IQANHN
KATA MA00AION
i BIBA02 yej/e'crecos 'Irjcrov Xpiorou vlov AaveiS vlov 'A/?paaju..
2 Aj3pao.fi iyivvrjcrev tov 'icractK,
Icraa/c Se iyivvrjcrev tov Ia/cu/?,
'IaKw/3 Se iyivvrjcrev tov 'lovSav koll tovs abe\cj>ovs olvtov,
3 'louSa? Se iyivvrjcrev tov <£apes /cat roV Zapa ck Trjs ©a/xap;
<£apes Se iyivvrjcrev tov 'Ecrpw/x,
'Ecrpco/x Se iyivvrjcrev tov 'Apati,
4 'Apa/x Se iyivvrjcrev tov 'A/uraSa/?,
'A/xtvaSa/3 Se iyivvrjcrev tov Naacrow,
Naao"(jojr Se iyivvrjcrev tov ^aXjAutv,
5 ^olXjjluv Se iyivvrjcrev tov Boes €K t^5 'Pa^a/3,
Boes Se iyivvrjcrev rov 'I(o/3t}S e/< r^se
Pov#,
IwfirjS Se iyivvrjcrev rov 'Iecro-ai,
6 Ieoro-ai Se iyivvrjcrev tov AauelS tov [SacnXia.
AaveiS Se iyivvrjcrev tov %oXojxiova €K ttJs tov Ovptov,
7 2oXop,aji/ Se iyivvrjcrev tov 'Po/3oa/x,
Fofioafji Se iyivvrjcrev tov 'A/?ia,
A/3ia Se iyivvrjcrev tov 'Acra<£,
Acracj) Se iyivvrjcrev tov 'I(ocra<£aT,
8 lu)cracf)aT Se iyivvrjcrev tov 'Iwpa/x.
Icopa/x Se iyivvrjcrev tov '0£eiW?
^4/.
4 KATA MA00AION I
'0£etas Se Zyivvrjcrcv tov Ia)a#d/x, 93
Ia>a#a/x Se Zyivvrjcrev tov "A^as,
'A^as Se Zyivvrjcrev tove
E£e/aW,e
E£e/aas Se Zyivvrjcrev tov Wavacrarj, id
Mai/aorcnjs Se Zyivvrjcrev tov 'A/xws,
'A/xcds Se Zyivvrjcrev tov Iwcreiav,
^4/. 'Iwcretas Se Zyivvrjcrev tov *leypviav koX tovs dSeX<£cug it
carrel e7rl ttJs jxeTOLKeatas Ba/?iAaVo9.
Merd Se r^v jxeTOtKecriav Ba/3iAaVos 'Ie^o^tas Zyivvrjcrev 12
roV ^aXaOurjX,
'ZaXa6tr]X Se Zyivvrjcrev tov Zopo/3d/3eX,
Zopo/3d/3eX Se Zyivvrjcrev tov 'A/3lov8, 13
\A/?ioi>8 Se Zyivvrjcrev tov EXia/cei/x,
*EXia.KeijU, Se Zyivvrjcrev tov 'A£a>p,
'A£wp 8e Zyivvrjcrev tov SaSw/c, 14
2a8co/c Se Zyivvrjcrev tov 'A^ct//,
'A^ei//, Se Zyivvrjcrev tov 'EXiouS,
EXiouS Se Zyivvrjcrev tov 'EXed£ap, 15
'EXed£ap Se Zyivvrjcrev tov M.a68dv,
M.a69dv Se Zyivvrjcrev tov IaK(x>/3,
'laKcu/3 Se Zyivvrjcrev tov 'Iaxr?7<£ toi/ avSpa Mapia?, e£ 16
97s ZyevvrjOrj 'Irjcrovs 6 XeyojJLevos Xptcrros.
Hcurai ow at yeyeai a7ro A/3paajJL ews AavelS yereai 17
SeKarecrcrape?, /ecu, a7ro AauelS ews 717s jxeToiKecrias ~Ba/3v-
Xcovos yeveai SeKarecrcrapeg, Kat ct7ro r/Js /xeroiKecrias Ba-
/?vX(5vos ecos rov )(piCTTOv yevecu SeKarecrcrape?.
Ill KATA MA09AION
18 TOY AE r[IH20Y] XPISTOY" 77 yiv&rvs ovtcds yv. Mvrj- xpt™0 'iWov
(Trcv9ei(T7]% rrjs jArjTpos avTOv Map tag tw 'Iwo"7y<^), irplv f]
avveXOetv avrovq evpidr] iv yacrrpl e^ovaa e/c Tn/eu'/xaro?
19 aytov. *I(o<Trj<j> Sc d av?}p avr^s, St'/catos wv /cat /xt) #c-
Xan/ avrrjv SeLyjJLOLTLO-ai, ifiovXyjOrj XdOpa diroXvo-ai avT7]V.
20 Tavra Se aurou iv6vjJLrj8£vTOS tSoi) ayyeXos "Kvptov kolt ovap
i<f>avr] avTU) Xeycov 'Ia)0"7yc/> utds Aauct'8, /at; <f>oj3r}6fj<; irapa-
Xa/SeivrMaptav~I
rrjv ywat/ca o~ov, to yap iv avrrj ytvvrj- Mapia/A
21 6ev €K TrvevjuLaTOS £o~tlv dyiov TC^CTat Se vlov koX /caXc-
crcts to ovofia avrov 'Irjo-ovv, auros yap crcoo-ct rov Xaov
22 auToO aVd Ta>v a/xaprtwv avrwv. Touto 8c oXop ycyo-
vci/ tva TrXrjp(x)6r] ro prrj6ev V7rd YLvpiov Sta tou irpo^rjrov
Xiyovros
23 'Iaoy h HAp0eNOC eN r^CTpi elei kai Te^eTAi yio.M,
KAi K^AecoyciN to onoaaa <xyTof 'EmmanoyhA*
24 o eo"Ttv /JL€0€piJir]V€v6jJL€VOV Metf HMOON 6 Oedc. Eyep#ct?
Se [d] 'Ia)o-^c/> aVd tov UTrroi; iiroirjo-ev <os 7rpocrcrafci/ aura)
o ayyeXos K.vpiov Kal rrapiXafiev rrjv ywat/<a avrov
25 /cat ou/c €ytVa>cr/cev aur?;i/ ea)? [ou] ctc/cci/ vioV /cat c/caXccrei' ^.to ovofxa avrov Irjaovv.
1 Tov 8c 'I^croi; yevvrjOevTOS iv Bt^Xcc/x tt/s 'IovSatas
cV 7]fJL€paLs HpwSou to{) /SacrtXeaJS, tSov /xayot a7ro ava-
2 toXwi/ irapeyivovro cts 'lcpocrdAi;/xa Xcyorres IIou ccrrtj/
d Tenets /3acnX€vs r<2v 'IovSatW ; ctSo/xcv yap a^Tou toi/
ao"Tepa cV T77 avaroXrj Kal TjXOofxev irpco~KVvrjo~ai aura).
3 Afcovcras 8c d /2ao-tXci)s 'HpwS^s irapd^Orj Kai Trdaa
4 lepoo-oXvfxa per avrov, /cat owayayoov 7ravra5 tous ap^t-
epets Kat ypa/x/xaTets tot; Xaou iirvvQav^ro Trap avrunr
1
6 KATA MAG0AION II
ttov 6 ^ptcrros ycvvarai. ot Se €t7rav avTio Ev B^Aeep, 5
tPjs 'IovSaias* oi!to)5 yap yiypairraL Sta tov 7rpo<f>rJTOV
Kai cy, BuGAeeM pn 'loyAA, 6
OyAAMOOC eAAXICTH 6? €N TO?C HTeMOCIN 'loyA<V
eK cof r*p eleAeyceTAi HroyMeNOC,
OCTIC TTOIMANG? TON Aaon moy ton Mcp^HA.
Tore 'HpwS^s XdOpa /caAccras rous fxdyovs TjKpifidicrev ira- 7
p clvt&v tov \povov tov <patvojxivov aoT€po5, koll 7T€//H^as 8
avrovs ei5 B^Acep, eT-irev Hopev0€VT€S c^eracraTe aKpt-
/3o)5 7T€pl rov 7rat8toir eVaV 8e €vpr]T€ aVayyctAaTe /xoc,
O7ro)5 Kayo) lX9wv 7rpoo~KvvT]cru) aww, ot Se aKovcravTes 9
tov /3ao"tAeo)5 l7rop€v6r](Tav, koll iSov 6 dcrTrjp bv elSov iv
rrj avaroXfj irporjyev avrovs, €0)5 iXOojv icrraOrj cVavo) ov
7]v to TraiStov. ISovres Se tov acrrcpa i^dprjaav ^apav p,c- 10
yaXrjv o~<£d8pa. koll iXOovTts els Trjv olklolv eTSov to 7ratSt- «
ov /xeTa Mapias t^s fxrjTpos clvtov, Kat 7T€owt€5 Trpoo~eKvvq-
Ap. crav avTijo, Kai dvoi£avTe<z tovs Orjaavpovs avT&v Trpoo-rjvey-
kolv glvt<2 Siopa, ^pvcrov Kat Xtj3avov ko1 ajAvpvav, Kat XP7]' 12
fJLCLTLcr6£vTe<; kolt ovap pur} dvaKajjaj/at 7rpo5 'HpwS^v St' aA-
Xrjs 6Sov dvex<*>pr]o~av els Trjv ^copai/ clvtwv. Kva- 13
Kar ovap ZQdvri x ixiP7]cr( VT0iV ^ glvtojv ISov dyyeXos "Kvptovr<^atVcTat /ca-
r cvap 7(3 luio-rjcfi Xeywv Ey€p0€i5 7rapdXa(3e to 7ratSt'ov
/cat t^i/ fjirjTepa olvtov kcli tfcevye els AlyviTTOv, kclI l<t6l
e/cet €0)5 ctv ct7ra) cror /xeAAet yap 'HpwS^s tflTtiv to 7rat-
Otov tou a7roAecrat avVo. o 8e iyepOels 7rapiXaj3e to 14
Tratotov Kat tt^i/ fxrjTepa auroi; FfKro? Kat avc^cop7yo"cv ets
AtyU7TTOI/, Kat ^V €K€t €0)5 T^5 TcAcVT^S 'HpwSoV U'a TrA^- 15
ptiiBfj TO pTjOeV VTTO KvpLOV StCl TOV 7TpOCJ>7]TOV XiyOVTOS3
El AirynToy eKAAec<\ ton yion Moy. Tore 16
Hpo)8^5 tSojj/ OTt €V€7raLx6r) V7r6 twv /xayo)i/ iOvpLwOr) Xiav,
/cat a7rocrTetAa5 avetAev 7rdVra5 T0O5 7rat8a5 tovs iv 1Byj6-
Aeep, /cat €V 7racrt Tot5 optots avTrjs a7ro 8t€To{;5 Kat Karo)-
Tepo), KaTa tov yj}°vov uy r]KP^w(jr€V ^apd twv p.dyu>v. Totc 17
II in RATA MA09AION 7
i7rXrjp(o6rj to prjOlv Sid 'lepefitov tov 7rpocf>r]TOV Acyorros
18 4>CONH 6N 'PaMA HKOYC0H,
kAayOmoc kai oAypMoc noAyc*
TAXHA KAAl'oyCA TA T6KNA AyTHC,
KAI OYK H0GA6N TTApAKAH0HNAI OTI OyK 6ICIN.
19 TeXcvTtfcravTos Se tov 'Jlp&Sov iSov ayyeAos Kvpiov <£ai-
20 verat kolt ovap tw 'Ia)cr>7<£ cV Aiyu7nra> Acycov Eyep#cis
7rapdXa/3e to 7ratSiov /<ai rryv firjrepa avTOv /ecu iropvu-
ov ct? y?Jv 'Io-pa^A, TedvrjKaaiv yap ol ZpfjTovvTCS tyjv
21 \\/vyrjv tov iraihiov. 6 8c iyepOels TrapiXajBe to 7raiSiW
22 Kac t^v fJLYjTepa avrov kcu elcrrjXOev cts yrjv IcrparjX. clkov-
eras Sc ore 'Apx*Xao<; /JacriAeuec t^9 'louSaias avTt tou
TraTpos avrov 'HpwSov l^ofirjOr] c/ccc a7reA0cti/* xprjfxaTL-
o-^ets 8 e Kar ovap av€\<ipy]cr€V cts Ta /xcp'ty T^s TaAtAata?,
23 /cat iXOwv KariOKYjo-ev cts 7rdAu> X^yofxivrjv Na£apeV, oVoos
7rXr)p(i)6fj to prj0€VrSid twv 7rpo<j>r]7wv on Na£copaios kAt;-
Orja-erai. *
1 EN AE TAIS HMEPAIS ckciWis TrapayiWai 'IwaV^s
2 d ^Sa7TTto-T7/s KYjpvo-o-aiV iv tv) €pY]fx<^ ttj<s 'IorSaias Acyaw
3 McTavociTC, r)yyiKCV yap rj /Jao-iAcid tcV ovpaiw. Ovtos
yap corn/ d prjOels Sid Ho-aiov toi; 7rpo(f>rjTov AcyovTOS
4>CjONH BOOONTOC €N TH IpHAACO
'ETOIMACATe THN OAON KypiOy,
eyGeiAc noieiTe tac TpiBoyc AyTof.
4 Autos Se d 'lwdvrjs ci^ci/ to cVSu/za auTou aVd Tpi^cav
KafirjXov Kal £<jivrjv SepfJLaTtvrjv 7repi t^v 6crcf>vv avrov,
5 "7 8e Tpo<f>r) rjv aurou aKpi'Ses kol /xe\i dyptov. To'tc
8 KATA MAGGAION III IV
i£eirop€vtTO 7rpds avrov I^pcaoXvfia koll Trdcra yj lov-
8ata koX 7racra rj Trept^wpos tov lopSavov, koll e/3a7rrt- 6
£,qvto iv ra> 'lopSdvrj 7TOTa/xa> t>7r avroO i£op.oXoyovpxvoi
ras a/xaprtas airrcov. iSwv 8e 7roAA.oi>9 toJi/ ^aptcratan/ 7
/cat SaSSouKtuW ip)(op<£VQVS eVt to jSaTTTio-fxa eT-irev av-
Tots rcvvT^/xaTa e^tSvwj/, rts viriSeL^v vplv cj^vyelv aVo
Tys fieWovo-rjs opyrjs; TroirjaaTe ovv Kapirov a$tov rrjs 8
/xeravotas* koll pLrj $6£r)T€ Aeyetv iv carrots Ilarepa e^o/xev 9
toV 'A/Jpaa/x, Aeyoo yap v/xu/ on Swarat o #eos ck twXlOwv tovtqjv eyetpat reKva tw 'AjSpaap,. ^877 Se 97 d^ivq xa
7rpos t>}^ pt£av twi/ 8eV8pa)V Ketrar 7raV o?i> SevSpov jxrj
7TOLOVV KOLpTTOV KaXoV €KK07TT£Tat Kat €tS 7ri)p fidXXeTOLL.
iyu> [lev vjJLas /3a7rrt£to cv i!Sart cis /xeraVotav 6 Se oVtcra) n
/xou ep^d/xcvos tcr^porepos /xou Zcttlv, ov ovk et/xt t/cai/os
toc v7ro8rjpaTa /^acrTacrai* airrcs i>/Aa? /^aTrrtcra iv ttvzv-
fxoiTL ayto) Kat irvpi' ov to tvtvov iv rrj X6tP^ ai/rov, 12
Kat StaKa#aptet Tfyy aAxova ai;rov?
Kat crwafct tot/ ottoi/
airrou cts r^f d-TroOrjKrjv1\ to Sk dyypov KaraKaucrct 7ri;pt
acr/JeWa). Tore TrapaytVcrat o I^o-ous a;ro t^s 13
TaXtXat'a? eVt tov *Iop8dvrjv irpos tov 'Iojolvtjv tov /3a7TTt-
o~9rjvaL vir avTOV. 6 8e Sl€K(o\v€V olvtov Xiyo)V 'Eyco 14
XpetW 1^0) wo crov /3a7rTLor8rjvaiy koll av tpXQ irpos /xe;
a7roKptt/ets oc o iTycrous €t7rev aura) A(pes aprt, ov7a) 15
yap Trpiirov io~Tiv rjp2v TrXrjpwcraL iracav $LKaLoo~vvr]v,
tot€ acf>L7]CTLV clvtov. f^aTTTLO'O^i^ Se o 'I^crovs cvOvs dvi^Yj 16
avr<Z 0L7T0 TOV vScLTOS* KOLL L$OV rjV<ilO)(6y)(TCLVT
OL CVpOLVOL, KOLL
elSev TrvevfJLa 6eov KCLTafiolvov ojcrel 7r<=pto-T€pai/ ipx®-
fxtvov €7r afro^* Kat ISov cj>o)vr] €/c T(2v ovpcLvwv \iyovo~a 17
fiQV, 6 ayaTTTJTOS cV OuTOff CCTTLV 6 VLOS^^/JLOV 6 ayaTT^TOS, €I> (p CL'So/CT/CTa.
Tore [d] 'I^crcus dvy^Or] ets tt)v cprjpbov vtto tcv ttv€v- i
xxaTOS, 7T€.Lpao~6rjvaL vtto tcv Sta/JoXov. Kat v7]ctt€vo-ols 2
^/xepas TecrcrepaKO^Ta Kat vv/cras Teo-crepaKOvra vo~Tepov
€7rctVao-€i/. Kat TTpoo-eXOwv 6 7retpa^a)V €t7rev avra) Et 3
avrov
n-pos avrof
4/.
IV KATA MA00AION
U€OV. €L7T0V LVOL OL ALUCVLQS €L TOV U€OV, €L7T0V IVCL OL ALUOL OVTOL OLpTOl y€V<s)VTOLl.
4 6 Be diroKpiOzls €L7T€V VeyparrTaL OyK 6TT ApTCp MONCp
ZHceTAi 6 AN0poonoc;AAA' km ttanti phmati eKrro-
5 peyOMfcNCO AlA CTOMATOC Geof. Tore TrapaXapL^dvei
olvtov 6 8lol/3o\os els tt}i/ dyiav 7roA.1v, Kal eaTrjcrev avrov
6 €7TL TO 7TT€pvytOV TOV UpOV, KOLL \£y€L OLVTlp El VLOS €1
rot; #eou, /3dXe creavTov kolto)' yiypairTai yap otl
To?c AfreAoic AyTof eNTeAe?TAi nepi cof
kai em x^ipooN ApofciN ce;
mh noTe npocKd^Hc npoc AiGon ton ttoAa coy.
7 €<f>rj avTii> 6 'It/ctoDs Ila/W yiypaiTTai OyK 6KneipAC6IC
8 Ky'piON TON G€ON coy. IlaAu/ TrapaXafxfidveL avTOV 6
SidfioXos eh opos vij/rjXov Xlov, Kal SeLKwaLV avT<2 7ra<ras
9 ras ^acrtActas tov koo-jjlov Kal t^v 8o£av avrojv, Kac
et^ci/ aura> Taura ctol irdvTa Scocra) eav 7rccrcuv 7rpoo~KV-
io V7]0"rjs fJLou tot€ XeyeL avTto 6 'Irjcrovs "Yrraye, Sarara "
^4/.
yiypa-n-Tac yap KypiON TON G€ON COY npOCKyNHCGIC
ii KAI AyTCp MONO) AATpeyCCIC. Tore d<j>L7](Tiv avTOV 6
Sia/3oAog, Kal iBov dyyeXoL TTpocrrjXOov Kal Bltjkovovv
avT(o.L
12 'Akovcto.? Be otl 'IcodV^s 7rapeB69rj ave)(u>p7)crev €ts T^v
13 TaAtAatav. Kal KaraAt7rw^ r^v Na£apa eX6d)V KaTWKrjcrev
els Kac^apvaoi;//, t^f irapadaXacro-iav ev opiois ZafiovXwy
14 Kal ~Necf>6aXetp,' Iva 7rXrjpa)6r} to prjOev §td 'Hcratou rov
7rpoc^rjTov XeyovTOs
15 f~H ZaBoyAoon kai th Nec|)0AAeiM,
oAon GaAacchc, nepAN Toy MopAANoy
TaAiAaia TO)N eGNOON,
16 6 AAOC 6 KAGHM6N0C 6N ckotia
cf>ooc eiAeN MerA;
kai to?c kaGhmenoic In x^P^ k ! cki^ ^an^t°Y
(J)00C AN6T6IA6N AyTO?C.
IO KATA MA90AION IV V
AIIO TOTE Tjp^aro 6 'Irjcrovs Krjpvcrcruv Kat Xiyew 17
UyytKCVFMeTOLVO€LT€, TjyyLK€V JO.p^ 1] /3a<TtA.€l'a TO)V OVpOLV(DV,
TIepiTraTwv Se irapa rrjv OdXacrcrav Trjs raXtXatas etSev 18
Svo dSeX<f>ovs9 %tfjLwva tov Xeyojxevov Herpov koll 'AvSpeav
tov dSeXcf>ov olvtov, /3dXXovTas d[Acj>LJ3\r](TTpov els ryjv 6d-
Xacrcrav, rjcrav yap dXeels' koX XeyeL avTols Aeurc O7rtcro) 19
fxoVy /cat ttoltJcto) vfjids dXeeis di/6punru>v. ot Se evOeais 20
d(j>eVTes tcI StKTva 7]KoXov6r]crav olvtio. Kat irpofias eKeWev 21
elSev dXXovs Svo aSeXcfrovs, Iolkw/3ov tov tov Ze/3eSa[ov
kolL 'liodvrjv tov dSeXcj>ov olvtov, ev tw 7rXota> /xcra Zc/Jc-
Scllov tov iraTpos avTcov KaTapTitpVTas ra Slktvol olvtiov,
koll eKaXecrev glvtovs. ol Se ciJ0€a)s dcfrevTes to ttXoIov koX 22
tov 7rar€pa avrwi/ TyKoXoiJ^^crar auT<3. Kat 23
Trepirjyev ev oXrj Trj TaXtXat'ot, StSao7caH> ev rats crwa-
ycoyats avrutv koX Krjpvcrcruiv to evayyeXtov Trjs /3acn-
Xetas Kat OepairevoiV Trdcrav vocrov kcu irdcrav jxaXaKiav
ev tw Xaa). kcu airrjXOev rj olkot] olvtov els oXrjv ttjv 24
^vpLav' Kat 7rpocrrjvcyKav clvtco 7tolvtols tovs kolkiqs e^ovTas
ttolklXcus voctols kcu fiacrdvoLS crvve^ofxevovs, Sat/xovt£o-
fievovs Kat creXrjvLa^ofjievovs Kat irapaXvTLKOvs, kcu eBepd-
irevcrev olvtovs. Kat 7]KoXov8rjcrav glvtw o^Xot TroXXot a7ro 25
t^s TaAtXatas Kat AeKa7roXca)s Kat 'iepoo-oXv/jKoi/ Kat
lovoatas Kat irepav tov kopoavov. Low be tovs r
o^Xovs dvefirj els to opos* Kat KdOicrawros olvtov Trpocr-
yjXOav [ai;T<S] ol fJLaOrjTOLL olvtov' Kat aVotfas to a'TOfxa 2
avTo£ c8t8aorK€r arrows Xeyoov
V KATA MAG0AION II
<:
« / ^v3 MAKAPIOI ol TTTw^ol T(3 7rvcvpL0LTL, ort avrcov €ortv 77 /3a-
cnAct'a tujv ovpav<2v.
4rfxaKapiOL 01 neN9ofNT6C; OTL avTOL TTApAKAHOHCONTAI. hM- ol irpa«$...
5 fldKapLOL Ol TtpAeic, on aurot KAHpONOMHCOYCI THN THN." /i.o&owTfs
6 fxaKaptoi ol TrtcvuivTes Kat oti^wvres tt/v olkcuo(tvvy]v, otl Ta i.{.
airrot yppracrOrjcrovTai.
7 pLaKoipLoi ol eXc^/xoveg, on ai/rot iXtrjOrjcrovTaL.
8 jJiaKapLOi ol KaOapol rrj KapSta, ort avTOt 7W #€oV o\[/ovtoll.
9 [AOLKapioi ol elp7]vo7roLOL, otl [airot] mot #eoi) KXr}9r]o*0VTat,
io fxaKapLOL* ol ScStooyp-e^ot €vck€v StKatoo-WTyg, ort aurwi^
coTti> 77 /?ao-t\eta ra>v ovpavdji/.
2i [LCLKapLOL cctt€ orav oVetSi'o"0)o~tv •uju.as Kat StcJ^cocrtv Kat
ct7r<ocrtv 7raV irovrjpov KaS* vfxwv xj/evS6p.€V0L ev€K€V
12 ifMov' ^atpcre Kat ayaAAtacr#e, ort o p,tcr#os i;/>ta)v 7roXi)s
cy rot? ovpavots* oi/Ta>s yap eStw^av tovs 7rpo(f>rJTas tovs
TTpO VfXCOV.
13 Y/ms ecrre to aAas ttJs y^s* caV Se to aAa? fjL(xipav6fj, iv
tlvl aXiorOijcreTaL ; ets ouSer to~^i;€t ert ct /x?J fiXrjQev efco
14 KarairaT€Lcr6aL V7ro twv dv6piD7ru>v, iy>t€ts care to <£a>?
tov Kocrfiov. ov Swarat 7rdXts KpvfirjvaL iiravm opovs K€L-
15 fievrj* ovSe kollovctlv Xv)(yov koX tl6£o.o-w auroV vtto tov
[xoZlov dXX* €7rt rrjv Xv^ytav, kcll XapureL 7rdo~iv tols iv rrj
16 ouaa. ovtcos XapLxj/dro) to <£(•>? vjjlwv IparpocrOev tu>v avOpd-
ttojv, O770)s tSwcrtv vjjlujv Ta KaAa epya Kat So^aVajcrtv tov
7raT€pa vjjlwv tov iv Tots oupavotg.
17 M77 vojjllo"Y]T€ otl rjXOov KCLTaXvaraL tov vojaov i) tot)s
18 7rpo<j>7]Tas' ovk rjX8ov KdTaXvcraL dXXd 7rXr}pcoo~aL' dpLrjv
yap Xeya) v/juv, €a>5 av irapiXOrj 6 ovpavos Kat y yrj, iwtcl
ev 7] p,ta Kepea ov fir] irapeXOr) a7ro tov vojjlov ecos [a^J
19 7ravra yeV^Tat. os eai/ 0S1/ Xucr^ piW t<Zv IvtoXujv tov-
Twv t<2v iXa)(Lo~T(xiv Kat StSa^ o{;ra)? tovs dvOpunrovs,
cXa^to-Tos kXtjOtJo-ctcll iv Trj /SacrtAaa tw oupavwV os
8' aV -iroLrjo-Y] Kat StSot^, ouros jaeyas KXyiOrjC^TaL iv Trj /3a-
12 RATA MA09AION V
criXeia tcov ovpavw. Xe'yco yap vjxlv otl lav purj Trepicr- 20
crevcn? vjJLMV rj $u<aiocrvvr] 7rXeiov tw ypa/x/xarewv kcll
<l>ap<.cratW, ov [XT] do-i\9r)TZ eU rrjv /SacnXeiaj/ twv ov-
pav&v. 'HKOv'crare otl IppiOf) rois ap^atois Of 21
cfJONGyceiC' 05 8' av &ov€vcrr], evoxos Icrrat rrj Kpicru.
Ap, 'EycJ Se Xe'ya) vplv otl 7ra? d dpyc£dp,ei/os ro3 aSeXc/>a> avrov 22
cVo^o? ecrrai tt} Kp'icrW os S' ay €(,'71-77 rco dSeX(/>a) avrove
PaKa, eVoYOS ecrrai t<3 crvveSpia>* os 8' av clV?! Moope,
evoYOS coral eis ttJv yeevvav rov irvpos. lav ovv irpocr- 23
tjyeprjs to Swpov crov i-irl to OvcrLacTypLov kcxkc? fxvrjcrOf^
otl 6 aSeXc/>ds crov e;(eL Tt Kara crov, ac/>es exec to Swpdv 24
crov ejJL7rpoa0€V tov c^vcriacrr^piov, Ka\ vVaye 7rpwTOV SiaX-
Xdyr]6L tw aSeXe/>(i> crov, Kal Tore iXOuv 7rpocrc/>ep€ to
Swpov crov. IctOl cvvoujv tw aVriSi/cw crov ra^v coos 6rov 25
et p.€T avrov iv Trj d8(3, fJLy 7roTe <xe 7rapaSa> d ai/rtSi/cos
TW KptT^, Kal O KpLTTJS T(3 V7rY]p£T7], koI CIS (J>vXaK7]V fiXr]-
Oijo-y dfJirjv Xe'ya) croc, ov p,?} i££X6r)s eKeWev ews ar 26
aVoStos rov ecr^aTov KoBpavTrjv. HKovcraTe otl 27
ippidrj Of MOI)(ef C6IC. 'EycJ Se Xe'ya) vplv on 7ras d /3Xe- 28
7rco^ ywaifca 7rpds to iiriOv/XTjcraL [olvtyJv] ySrj ifJLOL)(€vcrev
avT7]V ev rry KapOLa avTov. €L oe o ocpuaAfxos crov o oe£ios 29
cr/cavSaXi£ei ere, e£eXe avrov /cat /2aXe airo crov, crvfJL<fiep€L
yap croi Iva aTroXrjTai ev tc3i/ p,eXa)i> crov Kai p,^ oXov to
crwp-a crov /3Xrj0fj cts ycevvav Kat et 77 8efta crov ^etp 30
cr/<ai/8aXtXct ere, zkkoiJ/ov avTrjv Kal (3dX€ airo crov, crvfx-
c/>€pet yap crot Iva aTroX^rai ev twv p.eXwv crov Kat p,-^ oXov
to crwp,a crov ets yievvav diriXOrj. *Eppe^ Se 31
°0c AN ATTOAyCH THN rYN^KA AfTOf, AOT00 AflH AHO-
CTACION. Eyw Se Xeya) vp-tv on 7ras d a7roXva>v Trjv 32
yvrat/ca avrov 7rapeKTos Xoyov 7ropvaas ttolzl avTrjv jjlol-
Xp)Qfjvai\j Kat 6s eav aTroXeXvjjiivrjv yajxycrrj p-ot^a-
Tat]]. IlaXti/ ^KOvcraTe otl ippiOr] Tots a'p^at'ots 33
Ovk €7riopKt]crcL<s, AnoAooceic 8e to) Kypia> Tofc op-
vvr KATA MAGGAION 13
34 KOyc coy. 'Eyci Sc Xeyw vplv fit] d/xdcrat 0X0)9* tiTfrc cv
35 TO) OypANtp, OTt OpONOC eCTIN TOf Geof* fJL7]T€ CV TH
TH, oVt ynonoAidN Ictin toon ttoAoon AyToy* /x^'tc eU
'Icpoo-o'Av/xa, ort ttoAic IotIv Toy MerAAoy BAciAeooc
30 /at^t€ cv rfi Ke<paXrj crov o/xoctt;?, oVt ov Svvacrat tuav
37 Tpt'^a XcvktJv iroirjcrcu rj tteXatvav.rcoTa)
nSc o Xdyo9 ecrrat|^/.
vjJLwv vat vat, ov ov* to 8c irepicrcrov tovtojv Ik tov 7rovr)pov
38 ecrTtv. 'HKOvVaTC on IppiQ-q 'Oc^GaAmon ANTI
39 6(J)0AAMOy KAI OAONTA ANTI OAONTOC. 'EyoJ Sc Xc'ya) v/xtv
fir) dvTLO-Trjvai tw 7rovqpQ* aXX' oort9 ere pa7rt£ct els rrjv
40 Scfiav crtayoVa [crov], arpeif/ov avT(5 /cat tt;v aWrjv /cat r<3
OiXovri ctol KptOrjvai kolI tov ^trcova crov Xa/3etv, ac/>€9 o.vtu)
41 Kat to IfidTLOV /cat ccrrt? ere ayyapevcrei tuXtov cv, V7rayc
42 /xcr avYov Svo. to) aiTovvTL ere S09, Kat tov tfc'XovTa aVo
43 crov SavLaacrOaL firj a7rocrTpac/)^9. 'H/covcrarc
ort ippeOrj 'ArAHHCeiC TON TTAhcION COY Kat fxto-yjaeis tov
44 l^Opov crov. 'Eycn Se Xeya> v/xtv, aya7rare tov? i)^6pcvs
45 v/x<3v Kat 7rpoo-€v^€cr6e vircp twv Sta>Ko'vTwv v/xaV C7ra)s
yevrjoSe viol tov TraTpos v/xa>v tov cv ovpavotj, otl tov
tjXlov clvtov avaTc'XXct cVt irovqpovs Kat aya#ov9 Kat
46 f3p£)(€L cVt StKatovs Kat aStKovs. cav yap dyaTrrjcrrjTC tovs
ayawcuvTas vp.ds, Ttra fxicrOov c^ctc; ov^t Kat ot TeXwvat
47rT0 avro 7rotovcrtv ; Kat cav acrirdo-qcrOz tovs a8cXc/>ov9 c3to>s
VX4COV JJLOVOV, TL 7rcptCTCr0V 7TOt€tT€ J OV^t Kat Ot €*6VtKOt TO
48 avTo ttolovctlv ; *EcecGe ovv v/xct9 TeAeiOi o5s O 7TOLTrjp
vjmZv o ovpavios TcActo9 ecrTtv.
1 IIpocre^eTC [8e] tt/^ 8tKatocrvvr;v vjxiov fir) iroulv €tt7rpo-
cr^cv twv dv6p<jJ7ru)v 7rpG5 to OeadrjvcLi avTOts* ct 8e p,7;-
yc, fitaOov ovk ex6T€ ^^^ T<? iraTpl vfxwv tw ei/ Tots
2 ovpavots. "OTav ovv Troths eXerjfxoavvrjv, jirj
0-0X71-10-779 cfxirpoo-Oiv crov, <3o-7r€p ot viroKpiTac ttoiovo-lv tv
Tat9 crvvaya)yat9 Kat ev Tat9 pv/xat9, 07TW9 8o^ao6wo~iv V7ro
Ttov av0paj7ra)v a/x^v Xeya) v/xtK, a7re^ovo-tv tov fiiauov
2
14 KATA MA00AION VI
avrojy. crov Se TrctouVros iXerjjJLOcrvvrjv /jltj yvcoTUi rj apt- 3
orepa crov ti Trotet rj Se£ta crov, o7ra)s y crov rj iXer/jjiocrvvrj 4
iv 7W KpV7TT<d)* KOU 6 TTCLT7]p CTOV 6 ySAeVcOV iv T<2 KpVTTTlO a7TO-
Saxrei crot. Kat orav Trpocrev^rjcrOe, ovk €0~ccr(9€ 5
cos ot vTTOKpirai' Ztl duXovcnv iv Tats cruvaycoyats /cat eV
Tat? yawtats T(Zv ftXareuZv €OTc3t€S 7rpocreu^ec7^at, G7ra)S
<f>av(2o~LV Tots aV^pw/rots* afjirjv Aeyco v/xu>, aTri^ovcrt tov
jalo~66v avra>K en) Se orav 7rpocrei>xV> C'CCAGe eic TO 6
tamgion coy kai kAgicac thn 0yp<\N coy npdceylAi
tw 7rarpt crov tw cV t<£ Kpvirr(o' /cat o 7rarrjp crov o
/3Xe7rwv iv r<2 /cpv7TTa> a7ro8ajcret crot. Ilpocrcv^o^cvot §67
/x?} /3aTTa\oyrjar)T€ wcnrep ot iOviKOi, hoKovcnv yap otl iv
T7] 7roXvXoyia clvtujV tIcraKovo-OrjcrovTaL* fir) ovv 6fJLoio)6fJT€ 8
avrots, otScv yap [d 0eos] d Trarrjp v/x<Zv (Lv ypeiav exer€
7rpd tov v/xas amijcrat avTov. Ovto>s ovV 7rpocrev^€cr0€ 9
v/xets
IlaTcp t;/xcSv d iv Tots ovpavols*t
Aycacr6rJT(M to oVo/xa crov,
iXOdroy r] /3acrtAcia crov, 10
yevrjOrJTU) to OiXrj/JLa crov,
ws iv ovpavto /cat cVt y?Js*
Tov apTov rjfjuZv tov iirtova-iov n80s rjixiv crrjfjiepov
Kat ac/>es ?;/ui> Ta d^etA^'/xaTa r}fjL<Zv, 12
cas Kat 7;/x€ts dcfrrjKafjLev Tots dc/>etAerats ^/xwv
/cat /xi; dcrcviyKT}^ r]fjia<$ ets 7rctpacr/xoV, I3
///. aAAa pvcrcu 77/xas aVd tov irovrjpov.
Eav yap ac£>rJT€ Tots aV0paj7rots Ta 7rapa7rra>/xaTa avVcSi/, 14
ac/^cra /cat v/xti/ d TraTijp v/jlldv 6 ovpaVtos* caV Se /x?; 15
ac/>^T€ Tots av6pw7rots [tci 7rapa7rTcJ/xaTa avrwi/], ouSe d 7ra-
T7?p v/xtov ac/)7ycr€t Ta 7rapa7TTw/xaTa v/xcCv. "Orai/ 16
8c vrjcrrevrjTe, fir) ytveoSe ws ot vVo/cptTat a-KvOpmiroi,
xuJxlvi^ovo-lv yap to. 7rpdcra)7ra auTajv O7ro)s c/>avdjcrtv Tots
flpwrois
VI RATA" MA00AION1
5
av0paj7r(K5 vrjCTTevovTes* dfirjv Xeyco v/xiv, d.7r€^ovcnv tov
17 fiLcrOov avTwv. crv 8e v7]<TT€vu>v dXenj/ai crov Tr]v KtfyaXrjv
18 KCU TO TTpO<T(j)7r6v GTOV VLlj/CUy O7TC0S [IT] (f>CLVrj<$FTOL<S av6p(Xi- vr\<Trevuv Tec? eV-
7T019 V7^CTT€VCOVn aXXa TO) TTCLTpL CTGV TW CV T(3 KpVc/>CU(iT KCU
6 7TaTJ]p CTOV 6 /3X£tT(j)V iv TO) KpV<£cUO> a7TOOOJCr€6 (TOL,
19 M17 Orjaavpi^TC vjxlv Orjcravpovs tirl rrjs yrjs, ottov crrjq
KCU /3p(J}(TL<; dcjXLVL&t, KCU OTTOV KXe7TTCU §lOpVO~(TOV<TW KCLL
20 kXItttovctiv 6ri<javpi^€T€ Sc v/juv OrjeroLvpovs Iv ovpavwy
ottov ovre crrjs ovre /3paxris a</>ayt^ct, kcu ottov kXctttcu ov
21 StopvcrcTovcrLV ovSe kXItttovctiv ottov yap Icttlv 6 6rj-
22 cravpos crov, £k€l ecrrat. [kcu] r) KapSia crov. O Xv^vos
tov crco/xaTos icrTtv o oc/>#aX/xos. cav ovv rj o oc/>#aX/xo9
23 crov aVXov?, oXov to crwfJLa crov cJmjjtwov ecrrac* eaV 8e o
dc/>#aX/xds crov TTOvrjpos rj, oXov to crw/xa crov ctkotlvov
cotcu. ci ow to c/>ak to tv o~ol ctkotos Icttlv, to ctkotos
24 ttocfov, OvSets SvVcitcu Svcrt Kvptois SovXcvetf 77 yap
tov eVa fjuorrjo-ei kcu tov €T€pov ayaTrrjcreL, r) ivos clvQe&Tai
kcu tov eTepov KaTacfapovrjcrer ov SvvacrOe 6e<2 SovXzvzlv
25 kcu fJLafJLtova. Ata tovto Xeyco vplv, parj /xcp i/zi/aYe Trj
4^VXV V/A^V TL (f>dyrjT€ \J]Tl 7TLrjT€J, jA^ot T<Z (rdfiaTi V/XQJJ/
tL IvSvcrrjcrOe' ov^i rj \f/vxy ttXzlov ccttl tt}s Tpocjyrjs kcu to
26 crw/xa tov evSv/xaros; e/x/^Xei/fare ets Ta 7T€T€ii/a tov ovpa-
vov 0T6 ov cnretpovo-LV ovSe QzpiQovcriv ovSe crvvdyovcriv
cts aTToOrJKas, kcu o TraTrjp vfiiov o ovpavios Tpec/>€6 avYa*
27 ov^ v/^ets fxaXXov 8iac/>epeTe avTwv ; tis 8e e^ v/xa>v /xept-
fxvojv Svvoltcu TTpocrOtivcu Itti tyjv rjXiKiav clvtov tttj^vv
28 ei/a; kcu Trepl cvSv/xaTOS T* fX€ptfxvd.T€; KaTajmadeTe to
KptVa tov dypov ttojs av^dvovcriv ov KOTTiioo-iv ovSe vrjOov-
29 crtv Xeyw 8e v/>ui> 6Vt ovSe SoXo/xaJv €i/ Trdcrrj Trj $6£rj
30 avTOv TTCpiefidXeTO cu? ev tovtcoi/. et Se toi/ \6pT0v tov
dypov o~rjjJLepov ovto. kcu avptov et? KXifBavov /3aXX6/JL€VOV
o ^€05 ovto)5 a/xc/)tei/vvcrti/j ov TroAAaJ fiaXXov vfjcds, oXt-
31 yd7TtcrT0t; /x,r} ovv (xepLfjLvrjcrrjTe XeyovTes Tt (f)aywfX€V ;
16 KATA MAGOAION VI VII
rj Tt7rta)/X€v; rj Tt 7T€pt/3aAajju.e0a ; ttolvtol yap ravra rd 32
Wvrj eTri&jTovcrw oTSev yap o Trarr)p v/xwv o ovpavios on
ypr)£,zre tovtojv diravroiv. £,t]T€lt€ Se irpuiTov rrjv /Sacrt- 33
j£ptActav Kal rrjv SiKaiocrvvrjv avrov, Kal ravra irdvra irpoar-
rs&r\(js.rai v\)lv. jxr) ovv p.zpi\wf]G"t}r€. cts Trjv avpiov, r) 34
yap avpiov fiepifjivrjo-ei avrrjs' dpKtrov rfj rjjitpa rj KaKta
avrfjs.
M.rj Kpivtre, Zva fir) KpiOrjre* iv a> yap Kpifxari Kpivtre 2
pidrjcrecrQt, Kal iv oj /A€Tpa> /xcrpetrc /JLtrprjOtfcreTai vjxlv.
1 Se /JAeVets to Kapc/>os to iv tcS 6cj>6a\fJL<o tov d8t\<f>ov 3
cov, rrjv 8e iv t<3 o"<3 oc/>0aAp,a> SokoV ov KaTavoets; 77 7tojs 4
epets tw aSeAc/>a> cot; A<£es iKJ3aXoj to Kap<£os ck tou
oc/>0aA/Aoi> orov, Kal t8oi) 77 8okos iv rco oc/>#aA/xu> cov;
viroKpird, €K/3aXe irpwrov €K tov oc/)#aA/xou aov rrjv SokoV, 5
Kat Tore Sta/3Ae't^ets iKJ3aXeiv to Kapc/>os ck tov 6<f>6aXfJiov
tov dSeXcjiOv crov. Mt) Sarre to aytoi> Tots kvctiv, p,7?8e 6
(SdXrjTe tovs /xapyaptras v/xwi/ e/xTrpoaOev tow xptpojv, p,7;
7TOT6 KaraTrarrjorovo-iv avrovs iv Tots 7roo~ti> avrwv Kat
crpacfrivTes pr/^ojcrtv v/ms. AtTetTe, /cat SoOrjaerai vjjuv 7
f^TetTe, Kal tvprjcrtre* KpoveTe, Kat dvoiyrjcrtTai vjjuv. 7ras 8
yap 6 atTwv Aa/x/?dVet Kal 6 tprjrolv evptorKti Kal r<2
dvoCyerax KpovovTtravoiyrjcr€7at
n. 77 Tts e£ i;p.ajv dv6p<D7ros, ov 9
alrrj(j€i o vlos avrov aprov—jxr) XiOov eVtSuxret avrw; 77 10
Kat t^0i;i> alrrjcrei—jjirj oc/>tv eVtScJcret airru); et ovv vjxets nirovrjpoL ovres olSare Sojiara dyaOd StSoVat Tots t£kvols
vjjlmv, 7roo"a) fxaXXov o irarrjp vjxQv o iv Tots ovpavols
Swcret aya0a Tots atToi;o"ti/ avrov. Ilavra ovv ocra car 12
6eXr]T€ Iva 7tol(jjo~lv vjjuv ol aV#pa)7rot, ovtco? Kat i5/xcts
srotetTC ai;Tots* ovtos yap io~Ttv 6 vo/xos Kal ol 7rpocfyfJTaL.
•nrrvki) Ap. EtcreA^aTC 8ta Tiys o~T€vrjs irvXrjs" on 7rAaT€ta
TKat 13
€vpvxo)pos rj o'Sos rj dirdyovaa cts rr)v aVwAetai/, /cat
TroAAot cto-ti' ot elcrepxpfAtvot 8t' avTrjs" ort o-tcvt} 7/ ttuAt; 14
Kat TtOXifJLfxivr] r] 080s 77 aTrayofcra ets Trjv £u>rjv, Kal
VII RATA MAGGAION 1J
15 oXiyOL €lO"lV Ol €VptCTKOVT€S aVTTjV. ITpOO"C^€T€
aVo t<ov \[/ev$07rpo<fcr]T<j)V, oinves epyovrai 7rpos v/xas eV
16 ivSvfiacrt 7rpo/?aVa)i> ecrwOev 8e ctctv Xvkol dp7ray&s. oVd
tc3v Kap7riQV CLVTtoV iiuyvdcrtcrOz avTovs' fxt]Ti vvXXiyovcriv
17 airo aKdvOiov o-Tacf>vXas rj airo rpi/36Xo)v cn5/ca; ovtm 7raV
ScVSpov dyaOov Kap-nrovsr*caXoi>? 7roi€i
n, to Se vairpov ScV- „oui koAov?
18 8poi/ KapTrovs Trovrjpovs ttomI' ov SiWrai SeVSpov dyaOov
Kap-irovs 7rovrjpov<; eVcy/cciV, ovSl SivSpov aairpov Kaprrovs
19 KdXoVS 7TOICIV. TTOLV ScVSpOV /JLTJ 7TOLOVV KCLpiTOV KdXoV
20 €KK07TT€rat Kal €19 TTvp /3dXXeTOLi. apaye a7ro T(i3v KapirQv
21 avTwi/ eViyi/cocr€O-0€ avrous. Ou 7ras o Xeycoi' tioi K/upie
Ki5pi€ cio-cXcuo-erai cts r^v /JaaiXciav ran/ ovpai/wv, a'AV o
7tol(ov to OeXriua tov 7rarpos ixov tov iv tois oupavoisT
.-*°5tos eio-eAevVe-
" ' ' 'too, eis T>?i/ /3aat-
22 7ToXXol ipovaiv fJLOL iv iK€Lvrj Trj ^/xcpa Kupic Kvpic, ov XeJav ™v ovpa-
TO) CO) ONOMATI 6npO({)HT€YCAMeN;Kal T(3 o-(3 OVOfJLClTL Ap
SaLjJLOVLa efc/?aXop.ei>, Kal tw era) ovofiaTt SiW/z,€is 7roXXas
23 eVoi^craiicv ; Kal totc ofAoXoyqaa) auToig 6V1 OvScVoTe
cy>w vtiaV ATTOXOOperre AH €M0f 01 eprAZC)M6N0l THN
ANOMIAN.
24 Has ow ooris okovci /xov tous Xoyous [tovtovs] Kal
7T01CI aVTOVS, 6fJLOl(i)6rjcT€TaL aVSpl cf)pOVlfHD, OOTIS WK0S0-
25 firjaev avTov ttjv oiklov cVl ttjv irtTpav, Kal KaTe/3rj r)
fip°XV KaL yXOav 01 7rora[xol Kal hrvevcrav ol avefxot /cat
Trpoa€7T€o-av Trj olklo. iKtivrj, kol ovk ?7rccrcv, T£0e/x.eXia>TO
26 yap C7rt T771' 7T€Tpav. Kal 7ras o aKovcov /aov tovs Xoyovs
tovtovs Kal fir) ttolmv olvtovs 6p^Oiio9rjcr€Tai dvSpl fi(op<29
27 ootis toKo^ofjarjo-ev avrov ttjv oikiclv €7rt tt)v afxfMov. Kat
KaT€/3rj r] fipoyy} Kal ^X^av ot 7roTa/xol Kal hrvevaav ol
avejJLoi Kal 7rpocre/cot^av ttJ otKta eKeLvrj, Kal hrzo'ev, Kai rjv
r) 7rTa)crt9 avrrjs fxtydXr/.
28 Kal eyevero ore ereXccrev o It;o"o{>s tovs Xoyovs tov
29 toi>9, ef€7rX^crcrovTO ol o)(Xol C7rl ttJ StSa^iJ avTov* rjv
yap &L$dcrK(x)v avTovs o5? i£ovcriav lyoiv Kal ov^ ws ol
i8 KATA MA00AION VII VIII
H teal ot $apt-
COtOt h
ypapymTets o.vtiovt
.
Kara^Savros Se avrov aVd tov opous yKoXovOrjaav avrw i
ox^ot 7roXXoc. Kat tSou Xe7rpds irpooreXduv 7rpoo-€Kwet 2
aura) Aeyan/ Kvpte, car fleA^s Swacrat p.€ KaOaptaat. Kat 3
€KTCiVas T7)i/ X€^Pa'
37 lAaTO a^To{; Xiywv 0eXa), Ka6apior6r)rr
Kat ev6eo)s eKaOcplcrOrj avrov rj XeVpa. Kat Xcyet aura) d 4
'It;o-o{;s "Opa p/^Scvt ct^s, aXXa -uVaye crccurroi' AeilON
TO) iepe?;Kal 7rpocr€veyKov to Scopov o irpoo-ira^ev Mawcrijs
cis fxapTvpiov avTols. EtcreX#dvTOS Se arTou cts 5
Ka^apvaovp, Trpo<rf}X6ev aww €KaT<Wapxos 7rapaKaXa)i/
avTov Kat Xiywv Krpte, d 7rats /xov fiifiXrjTcu kv rfj qtKta, 6
7rapaXi>TiKos, Setvak /3ao"avt£d/zci/os. Xeyet avra> 'Eyc5 eX- 7
#toV 6€pa7T€V(Tlx) CLVTOV. <X7rOKpt0€tS §€ O iKOLTOVTOLpXpS €(j>7] 8
Kvpte, ovk ctp,t tKavds tva /xou £77-0 rrjv crriyrjv elo-eXOrjs*
aXXa fxovov eure Xdya>, Kat laOrjcrerat o 7rats /xoir Kat 9
yap cyoJ aV#pa)7rds* et/xt wo k^ovaiav [racrcrd/xcvos], e^cor
-U7r' ifxavrov arpanwra<;, Kat Xe'ya) rovra) IIopev^Tt, Kat
7ropei;eTat, Kat aXXa) ^Ep^ov, Kat cpx^Tat, Kat tw SovXa)
p.ov Ilot^crov tovto, Kat 7rotet. aKOixra? 8e d 'I^crovs 10
kOavfxacrcv Kat €i7r€v rots aKoXovOovciv 'Ajurjv Xiyw i5p,ti/,
7rap' ovSei/t Tocavrrjv ttlcttiv iv to> 'I&parjX evpov. Xeyoo nSe u/xtv ort 7roXXot ATTO ANAT0Att)N KAI AyCMOON r}£ovo~iv
Ap. Kat avaKXiOrjcovrai p,em 'A/3paa/x Kat 'icraaK Kat 'IaKw/3
He£€A€v'cro»>Tcu 1- ^ T^J
^fJacrtXeta raV ovpaywv ot Se vtot ttJs /3ao"tXctasrcK- 12
€K€t caratfiXrjdrjcrovra? ets to ctkotos to i^wrepov
KXavOfAos Kat d fipvyfxos rwv o&ovtmv. Kat ct7rci/ d 'I^o-ous 13
tw tKCLTOVTapxr) "Y7raye, cos €7rto-T€i;o"as yevrjOijTO} croc kcu
tac/"^ o 7rats ei/ tt^ copa, €K€tvrj, Kat eAC/w^ o
'It^o"Oi;s €ts rrjv oiKiav Hirpov etSer rrjv irtvOepav avrov
/Se/jXrjjxevrjv Kat 7rvpio~crovo-av Kat yjij/aro rrjs X€LP°S av~
T^g, Kat d<t>rJK€v avrrjv 6 irvpzTos, Kat tfyipOrj, kol Slyjk6v€l
avTio. 'Ot/aas 8^ yevoixivqs 7rpoo~7]V€yKav olvtw
14
15
VIII KATA MAG6AI0N 19
8ai/X01/t£o/XeVoVS TToXXovV KCU l^ifictXtV TO. TTV'€VfJLOLl CL Xdyo>,
17 kolL iravras tovs kolkws e^ovras iQepdirevcrev oVus TrXrjpuy-
Ofj to prjOev Sid 'Ho-atov tov 7rpo<£ryrov XiyovTos AyTOC
lie acGgngiac hmoon eA&BeN kai tac Nocoyc tBACTAceN.
18 'iSwySe 6 Irjcrovsro^Xov
1Trept avTov eKeXcvcrev aVeX#€tv [n-oAAovs] 6x<\ov?
19 ets to irepav. Kat 7rpocreX6^v et? ypa/x/xaTevs
cTttcv avra) AtSao~KaXe, aKoXov9rjo~o) crot 07rov eav airip^yj,
20 Kat Xeyet aura) o I?70~ovs At aXa>?reKes <£a)Xeovs e^ovcrti/
Kat ra 7reretva tov ovpavov KaTao-Krjvwcrets, 6 Se vtos tov
21 dvOpCDTTOV OVK €^(€t 7TOV TT/J' K€(f)ClXrjV kXlVTJ. FtT€pOq Se
Ta>y fxaOrjTOjy eirrev avra) Kvpte, itriTpeij/ov /xot 7rpa)rov
22 aVeX^etv Kat 6dij/at tov iraTepa p,ov. 6 Se 'Itto-ovs Xeya
avVcp 'AKoXov0et /xot, Kat a<£es tov? veKpovs 6d\j/a.L tovs
23 eavT(3j/ veKpov?. Kat ififSavTL avVw ets 7rXotoi/
24 T^KoXov^crav avVa> ot /xa#77Tat avrov. Kat tSov o"etayxos
/xeyas iyiveTO kv tt) #aXao~o~r?, (ocrre to 7rXotov KaXvyrre-
25 o-#at v?ro twv KUjudrwv avros Se eKa^evSer. Kat irpocr-
eXOovTts rjyetpav clvtov XeyovTes Kvpte, criocrov, aVoXXv-
26 /xe#a. Kat Xeyet avTOts Tt SetXot io~T€, oXtyoVto~Tot ; totc
eyep#ets eTreTt/xricrej/ Tots aye/xots Kat tt} 0aXdcro-r], Kat
27 iyeveTO yakrjvrj /xeyaXr?. Ot Se avOpuaroi iOav/macrav
XeyovTes IIoTa7ros eo~Ttv ovtos ort Kat ot avetiot Kat 77 #a-
28 Xacro~a aura) vTraKOvovcrtv ; Kat cX^oVtos av-
tov ets to 7repav ets T?)y ^copav t(3j/ TaSap^vwy v7ryvT7]o~av dp.
avra) Svo 8ai/xort£o/xevot ck t(3j/ /xj/Ty/xetW' e^ep^o/xevot, ^a-
Xe7rot Xtai/ a!o"T€ /xr) to-^vety Ttva TrapeX^etv Sta tt/s dSov
29 eKetvris. Kat tScv €Kpa£ai/ XeyovTe? Tt 7//xti/ Kat o-ot, vte
30 tov 0eov ; r)X^eg wSe 7rpo Kaipcv j3acravLO~ai ry/xa? ;' Hv
Se nctKpdv air clvtojv ayeXr/ ^otpcoy 7roXXa)i/ j3oo~kojjl€V7].
31 ot 8e 8at/xoves 7rapeKaXovv avroV XeyovTes Et eK^aXXet?
77/xas, a7roo-TetXor ry/xa? ets tt;v ayeXr/v T(3y ^otpcov.
32 Kat et7T€v avTOts 'Yvrayere. ot 8e e^eX^oi/Tes dTrrjXOav ets
tovs ^otpovs* Kat t5ov cop/xrycev 7racra 77 ayeXr? KaTa tcv
20 RATA MA09AION VIII IX
Kprjfxvov cts Trjv 6dXaacrav9
koll aariOavov iv Tots vSacrtv.
Ot Sc /36(TKOVT€S €<j)VyOV, KCU dlT^XOoVT^ CIS T7JV TToXlV 33
a7r^yyetXav irdvTct Kat ra T<m> Sat/xovt^opcVcoy. Kat tSoi> 34
tov irdcra 77 7rdXtg i£rj\0€V cts viravrrjcrivrT(f 'Irjcrov, Kat t8oV-
Tcs auroi/ irapeKaXtcrav oVo)? [LtTafifj diro twv optW av-
T(3r. Kat €/x/3as ct? 7rXotov SiC7rcpao"€V, Kat lyA- r
#€V ets tt)i/ tSt'av 7roAti/. Kat t8oi) Trpocrifapov clvtQ rrapaXv- 2
tikoV cVt k\ivy]s /3ef3\r)iJL£vov. kcu ISojv 6 *Irjcrov$ Trjv ttlcttlv
avT<2v €L7T€V tw TrapaAvTtKw ©dpo"€t, tckvoV d<j>UvTai
crov at d/xaprtat. Kat tSov nves twj/ ypa/x/xarecoi/ et7rai> 3
iSoi»/ €i/ cavTOis Ovros /3Aao-<£?7/X€t. kcu €tSoosno 'I^cous Tas 4
ivOvfjajacts avTuiv ct7rev Iva Tt ivOv/JLetcrOc. irovrjpd iv Tats
KapStats tj/xwi/ ; Tt yap corti/ cuK07ra)Tcpov, et7T€ty A<fiUv- 5
Tat aou at ap,aprtat, 77 ct7retv Eyctpe Kat 7rcpt7rarct ; tra 6
8e ctS^rc ort i^ovcrtav l\ci 6 vlos tov dv0p(O7rov eVt ttJs
'Eyep^els yrjs d<fii£vcu d/xapTtas— Tore Acyet t<5 7rapaAvrtKa>rEyet-
pcn
apdv crov Trjv kXlvtjv Kat Tj7rayc cts tok otKOj/ <rov.
Kat cyep^ets dirrjXOzv cts tov oTkov avrou. 'ISoVtcs Sc ot
6VA01 l<$>ofir)6y)crav kcu cSdfao-av tov 6cov tov SoVra i£ov-
CTLOLV TOLOLVTrjV TOtS aV#p<07TOtS.
Kat irapdyiov 6 ^Irjaovs iKtWev ctScv dvOpipirov KaOrjptvov 9
C7rt to TeXdvtov, Ma66cuov Acyd/xcvov, Kat Acyct glvtio Ako-
Aoij0€t fxoL 9 Kat dvacrrds ^koAov^ctcv ovt(l\ Kat 10
cycVcTO aurou dvaKct/xcVou iv ttj otKta, Kat tSou 7roXXot
TcAwrai Kat dfiapTO)Xol cA0oVtcs crvvaveKeivTO to> 'I^o-ov
Kat Tots jJiaOrjTCus avToO. Kat tSdvrcs ot <l>apto"atot iXcyov n
Tots fJiaOrjTcus aijTOTj Ata tl p,€ra twv TeXwv&v Kat a/xap-
T(oX(J3i/ iaOUi 6 StSacrKaXos vfJLuiv ; o 8c aKOTjo*ag ct7rcv 12
Otj xpuav €)(0vcrtv ol lo~^yovT€<s IctTpov aXXa ot KaKws e^ov-
TC9. 7ropcv8£vTes 8c fxdOeT€ tl icrTLV ^EAgoc 0eA(jO KAl oy 13
GyciAN* otj yap rjXOov KaXecrat StKatous aXXa d/xaprw-
Xovg. Tore irpocrip^ovTai olvtw ol fjiaOrjTai 'lea- 14
jroAAd d^ov XeyovTes Aid n 7/xet« Kat ot ^aptcratot k?io-T€vo/x€KT
;
IX KATA MAeeAION 21
15 ol Se fxaOrjTai crov ov vrjcrrevovcrLV ; Kat etTrev avrots
o Irjcrovs Mr} Bvvolvtoll ol viol rovrvvp.^>^vos
x
irev- -1 wnfylov \-
Oeiv £</>' ocrov fier avTu>v ccrrtv 6 Wjxcf>LOS ; cXevcrovrat 0€
rjixipat orav aTrapOrj aV avrwv 6 vvfxcf)Los, koll rore vrj-
26 CTTevcrovcriv, ovSets Se eVt/^aXXct e7TL(3Xr]fxa paKOVs dyvd-
c/>ov eVt t/xarta> 7raXat<3* atpet yap to TrXrjpwfia avrov airo
17 rov t/xartov, Kat ^(etpov cryicrpia ytverat. ovSe (3dXXovo~LV
olvov veov els do~Kovs 7raXatovV el he f^rjye, prjywvraL ct
ao-KOLj koll o olvos eAC^etTat Kat ol do-Kol aVoXXwrat*
aXXa /3a\XovcrLV olvov veov els aavcovs kollvovs, kolI a/xc/>o-
repot crvvTrjpovvraL.
18 Tavra avrov XaXovvros avrots t8ov dp^oivr[ets] irpoaeX- ei<xe\9uv
Guv* TTpoo-eKvvei avrio Xeymv on H Ovyarrjp fiov aprt ere-
Xevrrjo-ev aXXa eXdwv eiriOes rrjv X^P^ <T0V *71"'
clvttJv, kol
19 fyjcreraL. kol eyepOels 6 'I?7crovsrTjKoXovOet
[
avra> koll ol ijito\ov9r)<Tev
20 fJLaOrjTal avrov. Kat tSov yvvrj at/xoppoovcra SwSe/ca err]
TrpoaeXOovaa o7TLcr6ev yij/aro rev Kpacnre&ov rev 1[acltlov
21 avrov* eXeyev yap ev eavrrj 'EaV fiovov axf/opac rov t/xa-
22 riov avrov crcj^cro/jtat. o 8c 'Itjctovs crrpacf>els Kat tSooi/
avrrjv elirev ©apcrct, Svyarep' rj ttlqttls crov crecrooKeV
23 ere. Kat eo-(x)ur] rj yvvrj airo rrjs opas eKeLvrjs. Kat eAt/W o
'Irycrovs ets tt}v otKtav tov apxpvros Kat tocov rovs avX^ras
24 Kat tov o;(Xoi/ OopvfiovjJLevov eXeyev Ava^wpetrc, ov yap
direOavev to KopdcrLOV aXXa KaOevSeL 9 Kat KareyeXw avrov.
25 ore Se e£ef3Xrj9r] 6 o^Xos, eto-eX^cDi/ eKpdrrjcrev rrjs X€LP^26 avrrjs, Kat rjyepOr] to Kopacrtov. Kat e^rjXOev rj <j>7]jjLrj
rav-
27 Try"1
cts 0A.77V r?)v yr;v eKeivrjv. Kat -jrapdyovrL
eKeWev r<3 'I^crov yKoXovOrjo-avT8vo rv<f>Xol Kpd^ovres
28 Kat Xcyovrcs 'EXc^crov *7/xas,rvt€
nAavctS. eX^ovrt Sc
cts T77V otKtai/ 7rpocrrjX6av avr<3 ot rvcfaXoL, Kat Xeyct avrots
o It?o~ovs Iltcrrcvere ortrSvi/a/xat rovro
17TOLr)o~aL ; Xcyovcrtv tovto dvvanai
29 avrw Nat, Kvptc. rore yxj/aTor^v 6cj>0aXjJL(2v avruv Xeywv
30 Kara r?7i/ ttlo-tlv vjjlqjv yevrjdrjroi vyu.tr. Kat tfveiixOrjcrav
avTq>
vtb?
22 KATA MA09AION IX X
avTiov ct oc/>#aX/i.ot. Kat €V€J3pifi7]9r] avrots 6 'Irjcrovs
Xiywv 'OpaTC fArjSels ytv(x)(TK€T(ii' ol Se i^eXOovres Stecfirj/JLL- 31
crav avrov iv oXrj rrj yfj €K€Lvrj. Avrcov Se e£cp- 32
^ojJL€va)V ISov 7rpo<T7]veyKav avrco kum^ov Sat/xovt£d/x€7/ov kcll 33
iKJ3\y]6evTOs rod BatfxovLGV iXdXrjcrev 6 kox^os. koll i6av-
fiacrav ol d'^Xot Xiyovres OvSiwore i<f>dvr] ovra)? tv ra>
'lo-pa^X. [ot Se <J>aptcratot eXeyov 'El/ ra> apyovn 7W 34
Satju,oj/(W €KJ3dXXcL rd 8atp.dvta.]
Kat rrepifjyev o lrjcrovs ras TroXcts 7racras Kat ras Kw/xas, 35
StSao-KCDV er rat? (rwaycoyats avrwi/ Kat Krjpvcnjojv to cvay-
yiXiov tt;? /2acrtXetas Kat 6epairevu>v rrdcrav vocrov Kat
iracav [xaXaKiav. 'iScoi/ Se totjs o^Xovs €0-7rXay- 36
Xvlo~6yj 7T€pl avr<ov oTt T^crav io-KvXfxivot Kat ept/x/xe^ot
oocei npdBATA mh 6)(onta noiMeNA. totc Xe'ya rots 37.
fjLaO-qrcls avrov 'O /xey ^eptcr/xds 7roXvs, ot 8c cpyarat dXt-
yor 8e7]6r]T€ ovv tgv Kvptov rov Oepiafiov 07ra)s €KJ3dXr) cpya- 38
rag ets rov Oeptcfiov avrov. Kat TrpoaKaXeaafievos tovs i
8o)Sc/<a fxadrjrds avrov eSwKev avrots i^ovatav 7rv€Vfxdroyv
aKaOdprwv ojcrre iKfidXXew avra Kat Oeparreueiv 7rdo~av vo-
crov Kat 7rdcrav fxaXaKtav. Ttov 8e otoSeKa aVo- 2
otoXwv to, ovofiard lartv ravra* 7rptoros 'XtfKov 6 Xcyd/xcvos
Uirpos Kat 'AvSpias 6 aSeX(/>os avrov Kat 'iaKw/^os d
tov ZefieSatov Kat 'Icoav^s d aSeX<£ds avrov, ^>tXt7T7ros 3
Kat Bap#oXo/zato9, ®a)/xas Kat Ma##atos d TtXwvqs, 'laKw-
h Aeppahs h /Jos d rove
AX<£atov Katr©a8Saios~
1
, 2t/xa)i/ d Kapavcuo? Kat 4
'IovSas d 'Io-KaptwrTy? d Kat 7rapaSovs avrdy. Tov- 5
rovs rovs 8w8cKa aTrecrretXei/ d 'Iiycrcvs 7rapayyetXas avrots
Xeycov
Ets 080V iOvwv fir) diziXOriTC^ Kat ets 7rdXti> ^a/mapeiriov
ixrj tlo-eXOrjrf iropevcaOe 8e fxaXXov 7rpds TA TTpoBATA TA 6
AnoAooAOTA OIKOy'lcpAHA. 7ropevd/xevot SeKrjpvo-crereXi- 7
yovrts on ^HyytKcv y fiavikua tcov ovpavuv. dcrOevovvras 8
KATA MA00AION 2 3
7rpo<
a o<£i<r
Oepa-rreveTe, veKpovs eyetpere, Xetrpovs KaOapi^ere, Sat/xoVta
9 eK/^dAAere* StopeaV iXdj3ere, SwpeaV Sore. M17 KTrjo-rjaOe
Xpwov firj&e apyvpov firjSe ^aXKov eh ras £covas cJ/xcor,
10 lltj TTTjpav eh 0S0V /x^Se Svo ^trdJi/a? /x^Se V7roSrjjjLara
11 /r^Se pd/38ov d£tos yap 6 ipydrrjs rrj? Tpo<f>r}s avrov. eh
rjv S av 7t6Xlv rj kwlitjv elcreXOrjTe, e^erdcraT€ rts iv avrfj
12 a£tos i(TTLV KaK€L Liecvare ew? aj/ i^eXOrjTe. elaep^oLievoi
13 Se ets tt)v olklolv dcnrdcracrOe avrrjv Kal idv fxev rj r] otKta
a£ta, eAuaro) rj eiprjvr] vjjlojv ew avrrjv eav be liyj y afta, 77
14 elprjvrj vfxwvre<£ i;/xas eVto-Tpac/>?7Ta>. Kal os ay /xt}
Sef^rat v/xas /x^Se (XKc-ucn? tot)? \6yovs vjjlwv, i^epypjxevoi
e£a) t-jJs oIklols r) rrjs iroXews eKeivrjq eKTtvd^are tov kovl-
15 oprov tujv ttooqjv vllwv. djxrjv Aeya> vjxiv, dveKTorepov
ecrrat yrj 2o0o/xa>j/ Kat Yofioppuiv iv rjLiepa Kptcrecos r) rfj
16 7roAet eKEivrj. Iogv eyco a7rccrreAAa> v/xas ws
Trp6/3aTa iv fteo"a> AvkooV ytveo~6e ovv cjypovtfxoi wsrot octets
1
17 /cat a/<epatot ws at 7reptOTepat. 7rpoo~eyeTe Se aVd twv aV-
6pu>7ra>v' 7rapa$uxrovcrLV yap vfxas eh crvveSpca, Kal iv rats
18 owaycoyats avrwv fxa(TTiyo}(TOVcriV u/xaV Kat iiri rjyejJLovas
Se Kat f3a<Ti\eh d^OrjcrecrOe eve«ev ifxov ets Liaprvpcov ai3-
19 rots Kat rots eOveaiv. orav Se 7rapaSaxrtv i5/xas, /xt; /xept-
jjivrjcrYjre ttws ^ rt XaXrjcrrjTe' SoOrjo-eraL yap v/juv iv iKeivrj
20 ttJ copa rt XaXrjcrrjre' gv yap vjjieh icrre ol XaXovvres
dXXd to TTvevLia tov 7rarpos vjjlidv to XaXovv iv v/juv.
21 TrapaSoxret Se d$eX<f>os d$eXcf)ov eh Gavarov koX itarrjp re-
kvov, Katr
iiravao-TrjcrovTaC TeKva e7rt yovets Kat OavaTw-
22 o~ovo~lv avrovs. Kal eaecrOe LiLorovLievoL V7r6 iravTuv Sta to
ovojmd llov 6 Se vwoLietvas eh TeXos ovtos crwOrjcreTaL.
23 orav Se StwKwcrtr vllols iv Trj 7rdXet TavTrj, cfrevyere eh ttjv
erepav,T
aLirjv yap Xeya) vjjuv, ov lit} TeXeorrjre ras 7roXets -\ k&v U Tavrqs
24 [tovJ lo-parjA ew? eAc/^ o ftos tov avvpuirov. Uvk ecrriv ^evyere eis 7771/
fxaOrjTrjs vwep tov SiSdorKaXov ovSe SovAos i;7rep rov Kvptov
25 avrov. apKerov ra> fJLaOrjTrj Iva yevrjTat o5? d StSdcrKaAos
e7Tavaa"Tr70"eTa!.
24 KATA MAGGAION X
t£ oi*o«e<nr6iT7... CLVTOV, KCLL 6 SovXoS COS O KVptOS avTOV. €t TOV OtKo8€-,TOl£ OIKICUCOI?
tT7rorr;v Bcc^c/JovX €7r€KaXco-av, 7roo-co /xaXXov tovs olkiolkovs^
clvtov. firj ovv <f>o/3r]6rJT€ avVovV ov&ev yap ko~Tiv xckgl- 26
XvfJLfJicvov o ovk diroKaXvcfrOycrtTai, Kal KpvTTTov o ov yva>-
cr6rj<T€Tai. o Xcyco vfjuv kv ttj tr/coTta, ctirarc cv tco escort * 27
Kat o cts to ovs aKoveTC, KTjpv^are C7rt tcoV Sco/xdVcov. Kat 28
/xi) ^o^r]6rJT€ diro tcoV dircKTewovTOiv to tTco/xa t?}v Se
vsv)(fjv fjLrj Swa/xevoov a7roKT€tvat # ^o/SetaOc Se fiaXXov tov
Svvdfxevov Kai xf/v^rjv Kal o~co/xa a7roX€0"at ev yekvvrj. ov)(l 29
8i;o crrpovBia acrcrapcov TrcoXetYat ; Kat ev cf avVcoV ov 7re-
(retTat €7Ti TTjv yrjv avzv tov Trarpos v/xcoV. v/xcoV Sc /cat 30
at TpL\c<; rrjs K€cf>aXrj<s iracraL rjpiOjX'qixi.vai ctcrtV. firj ovv 31
ffrofitlvOe 7ToXXcoV (TTpOvOcOiV 8tac£cp€T€ V/X€tS. IlaS OVV 32
oarts ofJLoXoyrfaeL kv kfxol efxirpocrOev tcoV dvOpwiroyv, 6/xo-
Xoyrjcrui Kayco cv avTco €/X7rpoa0ev tov 7rarp6s /xov tov ci/
Tots ovpai/ots* oortsr8e
ndpvyjcrYjTaL xt€ €/x7rpocr6€V tcoV aV- 33
6p(i>7r(xiv} dpvTjcrofJLai Kayco avTov €/x7rpocT0€V tov irarpos /xov
tov ey Tots ovpavots. Mt} vofxccrrjT€ on tjXOov 34
/SaXtiv elptfvrjv C7rt T)}v ytyV ovk ^X#ov /?aXctv clpijvrjv
aXXa fid^atpav. rjXOov yap St^acrat dvBpunrov KATA TOY 35
TTATpOC AyTof KAI OyfATepA KATA THC MHTpOC AyTHC
KAI NYM(f)HN KATA THC TTeNGepAC AyTHC, KAI e^OpOl TOf 36
AN9pooTTOY 01 OIKIAKOI AyTOf- 'O c/>tXcoV irarkpa r\ fxrj- 37
Tepa v7rep k/xe ovk ccttlv jjlov agios' Kal 6 <£tXcoV vtov rj
Ovyaripa \nr\p kfxe. ovk ccttlv jjlov a£tos* Katos ov Xatt- 38
pav€L tov o~Tavpov avTov Kal aKoXovOei O7rto"co ctov, ovk I-
CTtv fxov a^to?. o cvpcor T971/ \j/v)(r)v avTov aVoXccret avTijv, 39
Kat o aTroXeo-as ttjv xI/v^tjv avTov eveKev kfxov cvp^crct av-
tt;7/. O 8e^octevos v/xas ctte Se^eTat, Kat o c/xc 40
Sc^o/xcvos Se^eTat tov aVocrTetXavTa /xc. o Sc^o/xcvos 7rpo- 41
<fn]Trjv 6ts ovofxa irpo^rjiov fxtcrOov 7rpocj)7]Tov X^/xi^CTat, Kat
o Se^o/xcvos StKatov cts ovo/xa StKatov fjucrdov StKatov X77/X-
ij/CTau Kat 6s av 7roTLcrr) eva tcoV /xtKpcor tovtcov iroTTjpiov 42
XXI KATA MAB9AI0N 25
ijruxpov fiovov ek ovofia paOrjrov, dprjv Aeyw vfxiv, ov fxrj
rairo\i(rrj tov fiicrOov^ avrov.
Kai iyevero ore ereXea-ev 6 'lrjcrovs Siarao-ow rots Sw-
Sc/ca fjia6rjTaiS airov, fJLere/3rj UeWev tov Mdo-Kuv Kal
Kr]pv<T(reLV iv rats TroXeatv avro>v.
-iairoAijTCU 6
2 'O Sc 'ItodV^s aKOiJcras cr T<3 Sccr/xwr^ta) ra cpya rou
3 ypiarov irifjuf/as Sia r<2v paOrp-iov olvtov etirev avrdo 2u
4 ct d epxp/xevos r) erepov 7rpo<r8o/cc3/x€V ; Kal airoKptOels o
'I^crovs €t7rcv clvtols HopevOevres drrayyeiXaTe Iwavct a
5 (XKOV€T€ Kal /3Xe7TCTe' TY(j)AOI AN<\BA6TT0YCIN KaV ^0)Xot dvapkitrovaiv
Trepiirarovcnv, \e7rp0l KaOapi^ovrat Kal K(i)cf>ol aKOvovcrtv,
6 Kal V€Kpol iyeipovrat Kal T7T00)(OI €YAn~€AlZONT<M' Kal fia-
7 Kaptos icTTLV 6s av /xt) crKavSaXtcrOfj iv ifxoL Tov-
T(ov 8e 7rop€vofX€V(i)v yjp^aro 6 'lrjaovs Xiyetv tois o^Aots
Trcpt 'IwaVou Ti i^rjXOare els tt}i/ eprjjxov OedcracrOai ; /ca-
8 Xajjiov viro dvifjiov aaXevofievov ; aAAa Tt e$rjX6aTe iSeuv ;
dv6pu)irov iv fxaXaKois rjfxtpLecrpLevov ; tSov ot ra /xaAa/ca
9 <f>opovvTes iv rols oIkols t<qv /3ao~LXed)V. aXXd tl i^rjX-
6are ; 7rpo<j>7]rr]v I8e2v ; vat, Aeyw 17x11/, Kai Trepicro'orepov
io 7rpo<pi]Tov. ovros iorrtv irepl ov yeyparrrai3
Iaoy eR*> attoctcAAoo ton Afr^AoN moy npo npoca)-
noy coYj
OC kATACK€YAC6l THN OAON COY €MTTpOC06N COY-
ii ajJirjv Xeyu) vjxlv, ovk iyyjyeprai iv yevvrjTols yvvaiKwv jxei-
£<i)V 'itodVoV TOV fiaTTTLCTTOV' 6 Se fJUKpOTCpOS iv rfj /3acTi-
12 Aeia T<2v ovpavwv fxetfav avrov icrriv. aVd Be. rwv rjfxepiov
Iwdvov tov /3a7TTLcrTov ca)s apTL rj fiacriXeia tu>v ovpavwv
13 /Stalerat, /cat (Stacrral dpira^ovcnv avryjv. irdvres yap 61
14 Trpo(\>rJTai Kal 6 v6fxo<s Iws 'Icaavov iirpotpyTevorav' Kal el
15 OeXere Se^aaOat, avros io-nv 'HActas d [xeXXuiv cp^ccr^at. 'O
16 e^wv <3ra aKovercx). TtVt Se d/xotwcra) tt}^ ycrcai/ Tavrrjv ;
26 RATA MAGOAION XI XII
ofioia iarlv Tratotots KaOrjfxivois iv rats ayopats a 7rpocrd>(0-
VOVVTd TOtS CTCpOtS XiyOVCTLV 17
HvXyjaajjiev i5p.tr kolI ovk iDp^yjaaaOe'
i6pr)V7](Tajjiev Kat ovk cKoi^acr#c*
r)\0€V yap 'loaves fxyjrc €O~0lo)V p,r)r€. 7rtVa)j/, Kat Xiyovoriv 18
Aaijuovtov €^ef tjXOzv 6 vlos rov av8p6nrov icrOtcov /cat 19
ttlvcov, kolI Xeyovcriv 'iSov av0po)7ros <£ayos Kat olvoTrorrjs,
rzXwvwv <£tAos Kat dfiaprutXtov. Kat e$iKai<j*6r] rj o"o<£ta aVo
Ap. r<ov epywv avrfjs. Tore -qp^aro oveihi&iv rag 20
7roXet5 kv at? iyivovro al TrActcrrat Swaptcts avrov, ort oi3
fxerevorjcrav' Ovai croi, Xopa£ctV ouat (rot, 'BrjOo-ouSdv' 21
07t ct cV Tvpw Kat 2tSwi/t iyivovro at Swap-ct? at yevofie-
vat iv vpuv, irdXai av iv colkkco Kat o"7roSu> p,erevorjcrav.
TrXrjv Aeyco vjjuv, Tupa> Kat 2t§wvt aj/CKTorcpoi/ co-rat cV 22
TjfJLepa Kptcrccog 7; v/xtv. Kat cry, Kac/>api/aoup,, p.?) eooc 23
oypANof yyoo6hch; eooc AAoy kataBhch. otl d iv %oS6-
fiois iyevrjOrjcrav al SiWp,cts at ycvo/xej/at Iv croi, e/JL€iV€V
av p-cXP 1 T17 s 0-yjp.cpov. irXrjv Acyou i;p.tj/ ort yij 2oSop,a)i/ 24
aV€KTOT€pOV CCFTai €1/ 7}fA€pa KptVcCO? 7^ (TOt.
'El/ €KCtV(l) TO) KatpW a7TOKpt^CtS O 'i^CTOV? CtTTCI/ 'E£op,0- 25
Xoyovfiac vol, Trarep Kvpie rov ovpavov Kat rrjs yrjs, otl
tKpvij/as ravra diro croc/xoi/ Kat o-wctw, Kat aVcKaAi/^as
airra vrj-n-cots' vat, o Trarrjp, on ovro^s cuooKta iyivero ep,- 26
7rpoo~9iv o~ov. Jldvra fioi TrapzhoOr) vtto rov Trarpos p.ov, 27
Kat oi5Sets cVtytvcxTKCt rov rtov ct fxrj 6 irarrjp, ovSe rov
irartpa Tts c7rtyti/a>o-Kct ct jxrj o vlos Kat a> lav /3ovXrjrai o
rtoq aTTOKaXvij/at. Acvrc 7rpos p,c 7ravrcs ot KOTnuvrts Kat 28
<7TC^>opTtcrp,ei/ot, Kayw aVa7rai;cra) vp-as. aparc rov ^uyor ptov 29
e<^) ?jp,as Kat pta^ere cctt' ep^oi), oTt Trpavs ctp.t Kat Ta7rctvo5
TtJ KapSta, Kat 6YpHC€T6 ANAHAYCIN TA?C YYX^C YMOON* o 30
yap fuyos p-ov xPVG"ro<> KaL TO ^opriov fxov iXacf>pov lariv.
Ev cKCtva) T(5 KatpJ) iiroptvOr] o 'I^croi;? Tot? o~df3/3ao~LV 1
8ta tc3v o-n-opifAMV 61 Sc /xaOrp-al avrov i7ruvacrav, Kat
XII RATA MAG0AION 27
2 rjp£avro tlXXclv o~rd^yas Kat icrOUtv. ot ce <£apto-atot t-
Sovtcs €t7rar avTQ) 'iSoi) ot jJLaOrjrai crov Trotoucrtv o ot;k ?^€-
3 (TTLV 7T0t€LV Iv (TafS^OLTCO. O §€ €t7T€l> aVTots OvK dveyvtO-
re rt i7TOLr}(T€V AavetS ore hreivavsv Kat oi /xcr' avroi) ;
4 ttcos elarjXOev els roV otKOf tou #€o{> Kat TOyC ApTOyc THC
rrpoGeceoac ecfrayov, o oi;/< cfoV 77V axVa) <£ayetv ov8e rots
5 /X€T aVTOV €L /XT? TOtS iep€Wtl> [JLOVOLS ', 7] OVX OLVCyVU>T€ Zv
rco vd/xw on rots cra/3/?aa-tv oi tepets c^ tw lep<2 to cra/3-
6 fioiTOV /3e/3r}Xovcnv kcu aj/atrtot elcnv ; Aeyw 8e vplvbri
7 tou tcpcu /x€t£oV earcv <SSe. et Se eyvtoKCtre tlco-tlv EAeoc
GeAoa Ka) of GyciAN, ovk aV KareSiKao-are rovs aVat-
8 rcovs. Kvpcos yap eartv rov cra/3/3arov d mo? rov ai/-
9 6pu)7rov. Kat /xera/Jas eKetdev rjXOev els rrjv
io crvi/aywyTyv avrcGv* kcu, tSou dvOp(i)7ros Xc^Pa ^X001' irJPav -KaL
€7rr)pu>-r}crav avrov Xeyovres Et e^ean rot? crdf3/3ao-Lv Nepa-
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dvs^dprja'ev eKet^ev ev 7rXota> ets tpyjjxov roirov Kar tSt'av*
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Ov yjjeiav zypvcrw a7rek6eiv Sore avrots ^/xets ^>ayetr.
XIV KATA MA09AION 35
17 ol 8e Xeyovcriv a'vTu) Cvk e^o/xty a>Sc el jxtj irivre dprows
18 koll Svo IxOvas. 6 Se CL7rev Qeperi jjlol wSe avrovs.
19 kollrK€/\eu(ra5 tovs o^Xou? avaK.\i6rjvaL eVt toi) x°'pT0l>> eVe'Aevcrej/Toi/s. .
apcDV rovg 7revre apTovs Kat rous ouo thuyas, avapAei^as
cts rov ovpavov ciAdy^o-ev Kat /cXacras cSojkcv rot? /maOr]-
20 Tat? tot)? dprovs ol Se /xa#??7at rots o^Achs. Kat ec/>ayoi>
7rai/TCS Kat i^opTacr# 77crav, kgu rjpav to Trcptcrcreuoi/ raw
21 KXacrjudriDV SajSeKa Kocfrtvovs irXrjpei*;. ol 8e eo~#t'ovTes
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jirjvai eis ' TrXotov Kat irpoayeiv clvtov ets to Tripav, ecus to
23 ou airoXva-rj rovs o)(Xovs. Kat a7roXTjcras totjs o^Xovs
dv€J3rj eis to opos KaT' tStW 7rpocreviacr9ai. oxf/cas 3e yevo-
24 /xeV^s xxoVos ^v CKet. To Se 7rXotW 17877 VraStous 7roXXoi)s ^w 77]? 0a\aV-
a?ro 717s y7?s aireiyev>pao-avt^o/xevoi/ vtto tmv KVfJLaTcov, ' '
25 Tyv yap eVarrtos d aVe/xos. TerdpTrj Se (j>vXaKrj rrjs vvktos
26 ^X0ei/ 7rpcs auTOus 7rept7raTcj^ eVt t^v ^aXacnrav. ot Se
fjLaOrjTal tS(Wes avrov eVt rfjs 6aXdcrcrr}<; 7repLTrarovvra
irapa^Orjcrav XeyovTes ore ^avrao-fxa ecrrLV, Kat a7ro rov
27 <f>6/3ov €Kpa£av. evOvs Se iXdXrjcrtv [d 'Itio-otjs] avrots Xe'ywv
28 ©apaetYe, eyw ettu* /xr; <£o/2etcr#e. aVoKpt^ets Se d II erpos
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29 eVt Ta voaTa* o Se ct7rev EX^e. Kat KaTa^Sas aVd to{J
7rXotoi; Ilerpos irepuTrdryjcrcv eVt tcl i!8aTarKat ?/X^ev
n7rpds eA^y
30 Toy 'I?;a-oiV. ySXeVcuv 8e tov dvefiov ZfyofirjQy], koX apfa-
p„evos KaTairovrc^caOaL eKpa^ev Xiywv Kvptc, atoo-oV /xc.
31 €vOi(D<s 8e d 'I^o-ovs eKTetvas ttJi/ Xe^Pa €7reXa/3cT0 auroS
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zkzivov aVeoTetXaj/ ets oXt^v ttjv Trepi^pov eKeLvrjv, Kat
36 KATA MA00AION XIV XV
7rpocn]V€yKav avVa> irdvTCts tovs KaKws c^ovras, /cat 7rap€- 36
kolXovv [avToV] tva fxovov dxl/oiVTai tov Kpacririhov tov t/xa-
tlov avTOV* kcu ocroi rjif/avro StecnaOrjcrav.
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pafidLvovcriv Trjv irapd8ocnv twv TrpecrfSvTepiDv; ov yap
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TlMA TON TTATepA KAI THN MHTepA, koll '0 KAKOAor^N
TTATepA H MHTepA 6ANATC0 TeAeYTATOV v/xets Sc AcyeTC 5
US aV €t7T>y TO) TTCLTpL 7] TTj fJLTJTpL HwpOV O tOLV €£ €JXOV
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crare toVrA.oyov
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to crTOfxa ets tt/v KotXtav XWP €^ Ka^ € '5 d<f>e8pu>va €KJ3dX-
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19 Stas e^ep^eTat, KaKetVa Kotvot tov dvOpia-irov. ck yap rfjs
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21 Kat e£eX0cov IkzWzv o I^crous ave^p-qcr^v cts Ta /xepyy
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24 Kpafci o7rLo-0€V tf/JLuyv, 6 8e a7TOKpt0ets ct7rcv Ovk aVcoTa-
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26 d Se aTTOKpiOeis eTirev Ovk lortv kolXov Xa/3etV tov dprov
27 TtoV T€KVO)V KCU /3aXcLV TOtS KVVOLpiOLS. 7] 0€ €t7T€V Nat,
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29 Kat /x€Ta/?as eKelOev 6 'Irjcrovs yXOev 7rapa tt)v 0aXacr-
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epuf/av avTOvs irapa tovs Tro'Sas aiVov, Kat iOtpaTrevcrtv
31 aiVoxV <3ctt€rTOV o^Xov^ Oavfidcrai /JXeVovTas kox^ov? tousoxAous
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CO?
38
o8<3. koX Xiyovatv avTto ol fiaOrjrat HoOev yp.2v iv iprjpia 33
apTOL toctovtol ware ^opTaaai o\Xcv roaovTov; kcll Aey€t 34
avTols 6 'Irjcrovs TJoctovs dpTovs ex€T€ » °^ ^ €*7rav Ettto,
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eVt rrjv yrjv eXafiev tovs iirra dpTovs kolL tovs l^Ovaq Kat 36
€v^apicrT7]cras tKXacrzv kcu eStSov Tots [Aa6r]Tcus ot Se /xa-
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kcu to 7repLO-o~€vov twv KAaoyxdVcw ?ypav C7rra a<pvpiSas
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TratSt'tov /cai yv- P^Sryvi'aiKa>i> Kat 7ratStW
n. Kat diroXvcras tgi>9 o^\oi?s 39
i>auccu»>iveftr] ets to 7r\otov, Kat rjXdcv et? rd opta MayaSaV.
Kat TrpocreXOovTts [01] <£>aptcratot Kat SaSSovKatot 7ret- 1
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Setfat avrots. o 8c a7roKpt(9ets €t7r€v auTOts [['Oi/^tas yevo- 2
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l^ijfjLepcv ^et/xojv, Trvppd&i ydp crrvyvd&v 6 ovpavos. to
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OpaYc Kat irpocr£)(€TZ diro Trjs ^vfif]^ tcw <£aptcratW Kat
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yt£€cr#€ eV ea^Tot?, dXtyo7rto"Tot, OTt dpTovs ovk €X€TC >
OU7T0J voetT€, ovSe pLvrjfjLoveveTe tot)s 7rivTC dpTovs t<jjv 9
7rei/TaKto"xiA.ta>v Kat 7rdcrci;s KO(f>tvovs £Xd(3cT€; ovSe tovs 10
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XVI KATA MA09AION 39
SoVKCLLWV,
13 'EXOwv Sc d I^crovs ets ra /xepTy Kato-aptas r^s 3><At7r-
ttov TjpiDTa rous fxaOrp-as clvtov Xeycaj/ TtVa Xcyovo-tv ot
14 av0po)7roi ctvat tov vlov tov dvOpci-n-ov; ol Sc ct7rav Ot /xlv
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15 /uaj/ ^ cVa t<jjv TTpocjyrjTiov. Xcyct aurotsc
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16 Xiyere ctvat; aVoKpt^ets Sc 2/p.o)v Ilcrpos ct7rev 2v ct d
17 xpicrros d mos tou ^eou rou £aWos. diroKpiOels 8c d
It/ctous ct7rci/ aura) MaKaptos ct, St/xcov Baptcora, ort o"ap£
/cat at/xa ou/c cnreKaXvij/ev croc aXX o iraTrjp jjlov 6 cV [rots]
18 ovpavois* Kayci Se o~ot Xcya) otl crv ct Ilcrpos, Kat cVt
ravTTj tyj Trirpa otKoSo/x^'cra) /xov r^v iKKXrjCTLav, Kat ttvXo.l
19 aSov ou KaTia^yo-ovdiv avrrjs' Swcrco crot ras KXctSas r^s
/3aa-tXctas rajy ovpavajv, Kat o eaV 8770-775 cVt rfjs yfjs
carat SeSe/xeVov cV Tots oupavots, Kat 6 cai/ Xvcrrjs cVt r^s
20 y>Js Icrrat XeXv/xivov cV rots ovpavols. Torer€ir€TLfJLrjo'€v rots SieoretAaTo
jxa^rats Iva jxrj8evl ct7ra)0"tv ort avros £<ttlv o ^ptcrros.
21 AIIO TOTE rjp^aro 'I^a-ous Xptcrros SctKvvcti/ rots ^AfjLaOrjTOLLS clvtov otl Set aurov cts 'Icpoo-oXu/xa d7reX6elv Kat
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22 ^at. Kat 7rpoo"Xa/3o/xci/os aurov o Ilcrposrr)p£aTO cVtrt- \iyei av7$ env
/xav aura) Acycov lAca>s crot, Kvpie ov fxrj carat cot
23 touto. d 8c crrpac/>cts ct7rcv t<3 Ilerpa) Y7ray€ ottlo-co /jlov,
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24 aXXa ra rcSv dv^paj7ro)i/. Tore [d] 'I^a"o{;s
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25 OLKoXovOtLTO) /ULOl. OS yap CaV 6cX^ T^V ^XW avTOV
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26 avrov ev€K€v ifiov evprjcrei avTtjv. tl yap (jjcjzeXrjOrjcreTai
4o KATA MA69AI0N XVI XVII
TOV
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cV ttJ 86£y tov 7rarpos avrov jacra tujv ayyiXmv avrov, kgu
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ip^ofjiei/ov iv rrj /Sao-tXcta avrov.
Kat fxeO' ?7/x€pas e£ 7rapaXa/x(3dv€i 6 'I^crcvs tov Hi- 1
rprov koIT
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dvacj>ip€L avrovs ets opos vJ/rjXov Kar Ibtav. koI fjLCT€fJLop~ 2
<j}u>9r] efjLTTpocrdev av7W, Kat eXafxxj/tv to irpocruiTrov avrov
cos o ^Xtos, ra Se tju,arta avrov lyivtTo XevKa ws ro c^ojg.
Kat tSov (jj<fc9r] avrots Mojvct^s Kat HXetas crvvXaXovVrcs 3
/act' avrov. aVoKpt^cts 8c o Ilerpos ct7rcv ra) 'Irjcrov 4
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It 1 avrov XaXovVros tSov vecfaiXr) <f>(jcTtvrj c7rccrKtao"€v 5
avrov?, Kat tSov <jxx>vr) Ik tt}s vecftiXrjs Xiyovcra Ovro?9 r€V O) cv8oK7^o"a' axovercecrrtv o vto? /xov o ayaTnyro?,
avrov. Kat a/covo~avres ot fJLa9rjTal hreo'av cVt -n-pocroiTrov 6
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Kat aij/afjievos avTiov tTirev Eyep^rc Kat fxrj c/>o/3eto-0€.
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avroi/ I770-0VV /xoVoi/. Kat KaTa/3atv6vT(vv avToiv €K rov 9
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opaixa eo)s ov o vtos rov av9p(D7rov ck v€Kpo3vriyep9fp.
Kat i7rrjpwT7]crav avTov ol /xa^rat Xeyovres Tt ovi/ ot 10
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Kat o vtos rov av9poj7rov yiteXXct 7racr^€tv vV avrwv. totc 13
XVII KATA MA0GAION 41
crvvfjKav ot fiaOrjTai otl irept loyavov tov /ftx7TTX0T0v €Lirev
avTois.
14 Kat IXOovtuv 7rpos tov oyXov 7rpoo-rjX6ev avT<3 aVdpco-
1$ 7ro$ yovv7reT<jjv avrov kcu X4y(ov Kvpt€j ZXerj&ov jjlov rov
vlov, otl creXrjvLateral Kat /ccikojsre^€i
i
, 7roXXaKts yap rrd<rx^
\6 7rt7TT€t CIS TO 7TVp KOL 7ToXXaKlS CtS TO {JScop* Kat TTpOOT-
rjveyKa avrov rots /xa^rats crov, Kat ovk i^Svv^Orjaav
17 avrdv Oepair^vaai.ra7roKpt#cts Se
1
d 'I^o-ovs ct7T€v *0 |>6re] dn-oKpifets
yej/ca aVtoTOS Kat 8t€crrpa/z/xeK»7, cws 7tot€ p,e#' vjjlujv
ecro/xat; ecus ttotc avi^ofxat vjxu>v; <j>ipeT€ fxoL avrov wSe.
18 Kat €7r€TLfJLr}cr€V airra) o lrjaovs, Kat i^rjXOev air avrov
to SaijxovLOV Kat iOepairevOrj 6 7rats aVd t^9 a!pas
19 ckciVt/s. Totc 7rpoo"€X^d^T€S ot fxaOrjral tw 'I^crou
Kar tStW ct7rai> Ata tl 77/xcts ovk tjSvvtj drj/nev €K/3aX€tv
20 avrd; d Se Xe'yet aurots Ata ttJv dXtyo7rtoTtai' vjxwv*
a/JLrjv yap Xc'ya) i>p,tv, cav ^XVT€ ttlo-tiv a>s kokkov o*tva-
7T€0)5, cpctrc tw opet tovto) Mcra/Ja Ir^cv €K€t, Kat /xcra-
/3^0-eTat, Kat ovSev aSwar^cret v/xtv. /4/.
at/a(7T^!7eTat
elcreA0c'iT
22 ^va-Tp^ofxivoiV §€ avraw eV tt} TaXtXata €t7r€i^ aurots
d Itjctovs MeXXct o vtos toi> avOpomov 7rapaSt'Soo-#at ets
23 y*ipa<; dv6pw7T(ov9 Kat a7roKT€j/oi;crii/ av7oV, Kat rfj TptTYj
T^/xepartyzpOrjceTaC Kat iXv-n-njOrjaav o-</>dSpa.
24 'EX^d^rwv 8e avran' cts Ka<£apvaoi)/x TTpGo~fjX6ov ot ra
St8pap(p.a XajufidvovTes tw Ilerpa) Kat €t7rav 'O StSao-KaXos
25 i'/aco? ou reXet ra St'Spav/za ; Xeyet Nat. KatrcX0drra
n
cts tt^v oiKtav 7rpo£<f>9acr€v avrov d '1t70~ou9 Xeyooi/ Tt cot
SoKCt, ^tL/jL(x)v; 61 /?ao"tXcts 7179 y^s aVd rrtVa)i/
nXajn/3d- Tlvo$
vovo-tv reXyy 77 Krjvo~ov; aVd 7W vliov avrwv rj a7ro t<jjv
26 aXXoTptwv; ct7rdi/ro9 Se A7rd T(2v aXXoTptcov, l</>^ avra> o
27 'It/o-oO? "Apaye iXevOtpot eto"tv ot vtor t^a 8e /xt;ro-Kav- (TKavSakCfcfiev
SaXia,
(s}fX€v"i
avrovs, 7ropcv6el<; cts OdXacrcrav fiaXe ayKt-
crpov Kat rov dvafidvTa irpurov l^6iv apov, Kat avot^as
42 KATA MA00AION XVII XVIII
to (TTOfia avTov €vpr](J€i<; crTarrjpa' Ikuvov Xaf3d)V 80s
avrois aVil ifJiov koll o~ov.
te 'Ei/ Ikclvt] '
rfj wpa TrpocrrjXOov ol p.a9r]Tal t<3 'Irjaov Xi- 1
yovTCs Tis apa /xa£a)i> icrrlv iv ry /?acriA.€ta twv ovpavwv ;
koll TrpocrKaXecra/xevos ttcliBlov to-Trjcrev avro iv fxiaco av*Tu>v 2
Kal €L7T€V'
'KpLTJV XcyOJ VfXLV, idv fJir) <JTpa<$>rjTZ KCLl y€V7JO~0€ 3
a!s ra 7rat8ta, ov jJirj tlaiXOrjTe els ttjv fiaaiXeiav tiov ovpa-
VWV, OOTtS OVV Ta7T€tVCJCT£t laVTOV (i>9 TO TTaihiOV TOVTO, OVTOS 4
icTTW 6 fiei^v iv ttj /3a<xiA.eia ran> oupai/tov /ecu 6s caV 5
Sef^rcu ev 7ratStov toiovto cti t<I> oVo/jmxti /xov, e/x€ Se-
veral* as 8' dv aKavSaXicr] tva t<2v paKpQtv tovt<ov t<2v 6
7ncrT€v6vT(x)v cts c/x€, o~vfxcf)ip€i avTip wa Kpefxao~9rj jjlvXos
ovlkos ircpl tov Tpd^rjXov avTov Kal Ka~a7rovTLcr9rj iv to>
7rcXdyei ttJs OaXdcrcrrjq. Oval to) Koo-pao aVo twv CKavSa- 7
Xu>v dvdyKT] yap 1X9zlv Ta crKaVSaXa, ttXtjv oval t<2
av0pco7ra> Sl ov to CTKavftaXov cp^erai. Ec 8c 8
ri X€tP °rov V ° 7rou5 o'ov crKavh*aXi&i ere, €kko\I/ov av-
Tov Kai fidXt aVo crov' KaXov crot icTiv elo-^Xdetv cts
ttjv £0)771/ kvXXov rj -^LoXoVy y Svo \eipas r) Svo 7roSas
e^ovTa j3Xr]9rjvai ct? to irvp to alwvLov, Kal ct o 0-9
<f>9aXfjLo<; crov <jKav8aXt^€t ere, efeAc avrov Kal (3dX€ aVo
o~ov* KaXov o~ol io~Tiv fiovocfj9aXfJiov els tyjv £0)771/ ctcrcX-
9uv, rj Svo 6cf>9aXfJLGV<; typvTa /3Xr)9rjvaL €ts ttjv yievvav
tov Trvpos. 'Opare /jltj KaTa<ppovrjo-r]T€ evos t<2v 10
[Iv T(jJ ovpavy] jxiKpiov TovTOiV, Xeya) yap *u/xti/ otl ol dyyeXoc avT&v riv
ovpavois1
8ta TravTOS fiXiirovcn to 7rp6o~o)7rov tov 7raTpos
Ap. fxov tov iv ovpavols. tl vjjuv Bokzl; idv yivrjTai tlvl 12
dv9p(s)7r(D tKaTov T7po/3aTa Kal TrXavr]9rj tv it; avrcov, ov^t
afprjo-CL Ta ivevrjKOVTa ivvia i~l Ta oprj Kal irop€v9eis
t,7]T€L to nXavwixevov ; Kal idv yivrjTat evpeiv avTo, dfjLYjv 13
Aeyw vfjuv otl ^cupci iw av-£ /xaXXov rj iirl tols ivtvrj-
KOVTa ivvea rots firj TrzirXavrifxivoLS. ovtws ovk zcttlv 14
ToviraTpcsvuuv vtXrj/jLa cfjnrpGor9ev 'tov Trarpos fxov' tov iv ovpavols tva
XVIII KATA MAGGAION 43
15 aVdX^rat tv rcoV /xtKpcoV tovtcdv. 'EaV 8e
dfjLapnjcrY] 6 a8eXc/>ds crov, vrraye eXeyfov avrov /xerafu
orou Kat avrov jjlovov. lav crov aKovcrrj, eKepS^tras roy
16 dSeXcfaov crov car Se /X77 aKovcrrj, 7rapdXaj3e '/xera crew en eva rj 8vo pero
€7t eva j] dvo , tva eni ctom&toc Ayo M^pTypooN h TpiooN
17 CTA0H TTANc
pHM<V edv 8e irapaKOvcrrj clvtidv, €lttov tij Ik-
KXrjaca' caV 8c xat rijs cKKX^crtas TrapaKOvcrrj, ccrrco crot
18 w(T7rep 6 IOvlkos Kat 6 reXcoV^s. 'AfJLiijv Xeyco
v/uv, ocra eaV Sr/cx^re eVt r<rys y/Js ecrrat SeSep.eVa eV
ovpavco kolI ocra eaV Xvcr^re eVt r?Js y^s ecrrat XeXvfiiva
19 eV ovpavco. UdXiv [dfArjv] Xeyco v/xtv ort ear 8vo crv/x-
cjxDvrjcrtocrLV ef v/xcoV eVt r^s yijs 7rept 7ravros 7rpay/xaros
ov eaV alrijcroiVTaL, yei/?7crerat avrots 7rapa rov 7rarpds
20 /xov rov ei/ ovpaj/ots. ov yap etcrti> Svo ^ rpets avvrjyixi- Ap,
VOL CtS TO IfJLOV OVOfXOL, CK€t €t/Xt Iv /XeCTCp avrCOV.
21 Tore 7rpoaeX0wv 6 Ile'rpos etTrev [avrco] Kvpte, 7rccra/<ts
dfxapTrjo-CL ets e/xe d aSeXc/)ds /*ov Kat ac/>7ycrco avrco ; ecus e-
22 Trra/ag ; Xeyet avrco d Ir/crovs Ov Xeyco cot ecos eWaKts aXXa
23 ecos €J38ofJL7]KOVTdKL<s €7TTa. Ata rovro cjjxoiwOrj 7] /3acrtXeta
rcoV ovpavcoV dv6p(Dir<j) /^acrtXet os yjOiXrjaev avvdpai Xo-
24 yov /xera rcoV SovXcov avrov* ap£a/xeVov Se avrov crvvat-
pew 7rpoo-t])(6rj ets avrco oc/>etXer?7s ftvpcwv raXdvT(DV.
25 xx.77 l^ovros 8e awroi; aVoSovi/at tKeXevcrev avrdv 6 Kvptos
irpaOrjvai /cat tt^v ywatKa Kat ra reKi/a Kai 7ra^ra ocra f^ct
26 /cat aTToSoOrjvai. 7rctTcoV oSv o 8oi;Xos irpocreKvvzi ai/ra)
Xe'ycuv M.aKpo6vfJL7]o-ov lir e/xot', Kat irdvTa aTroScocra) crot.
27 CT7rXayxvtc7#€ts Se o Kuptos tov SovXou [eKetVoi;] a7reXi;o-cv
28 avrov, Kat to hdviov dcfrfJKev avrw. itjeXdwv Se o SovXos
cKetvos cupev eva rcoi/ crwSouXcov avrou 6s coc£etXei> avrcu
eKaroi/ drjvapia, Kat Kparrjcras olvtov tirvtyev Xeycui/ A7ro-
29 80s €t rt dc^etXets. 7T€ctojv oSv o* cn;v8oi;Xos avrov 7rapeKa-
Xet avrov Xeycov MaKpoOvfxrjcrov eV' c/xot, Kat aVoScocrca
30 crot, d Se ovk yjOtXev, dXXd dir^XOuiV e^aXev avrov ets
44 KATA MA00AION XVIII XIX
(jtvXaKrjv co>9 d7ro8a> to dc/>etXdp,ei>ov. tSdvrcs ovv ol crvv- 31
SovXot avrov ret yevo/JLtva ZXvTnj67]crav crc^dSpa, /cat cX-
^OI/T€5 $L€0-d<j)7](TaV T<2 KVplO) tCLVTlOV TtdvTa TCt y€VO/X€Va.
rpre 7rpO(7KaXccra/Aevos avrdi/ o Kvptos avrov Xe'yet avra) 32
AovXe irovqpiy iracrav rrjv ofaiXrjv iKeivrjv dcfrrJKai ctol,
c7T€t 7rap€Ko£Xecras /xe* gvk ISct Kat ere ZXerjcrai rov ovv- 33
SovXdi> crov, (i5s Kaycu o*e yXirjcra; Kat opyiuOeis 6 tcvptos 34
avrov 7rap€$o)K€V avrov Tots /?acravto-rat9 €cos [ov] a7ro8(I>
7rav tq o(p€LXofJi€vov. Ovrcos Kat o 7raTr}p fxov o ovpavios 35
TTOirj(j€i v/xlv idv fxy ac^rc CKaoros tw dSeX</>a> avrov a7ro
TWl/ Kdp&HjJV V/JLWV.
Kat cycVero ore ereXco-ev d 'I^o-ovs rows Xdyovs rov- 1
rovs, /JLerrjpev a7rd T17S TaXtXatas Kal ^X^ev cts Ta opta
ttJs 'IovSat'as irkpav rov 'IopSdvov. Kat 7]KoXov6r](rav avrd) 2
6)(Xol ttoXXol, koI iOepdirevacv avrovg licet.
Kat TrpocrrjXOav avrw <£apto-atot 7retpd£ovr£S avrov /cat 3
Xeyovres Et €^€cttlv a7roXvo-at rrjv ywat/ca avrov Kara
7rdo-av atrtW; d Se a7roKpt#ets eurev Ovk dveyvwre ort 4
d KTto-a? aw' dpx?7? ApCGN KAI 6hAY eTT0IHC6N AYTOYC
Kat cTttci/ 'EnEKA TOYTOY KATAAeiVl ANGpCDTTOC TON 5
TTATepA KAI THN MHTepA KAI K0AAh6hC6TAI TH TYNAIKI
AyTOf, K^ eCONTAI 01 AyO 6IC CApKA MIAN ; ware OVKtTL 6
€to~tv Svo dXXd crdpf pta* ovv 6 Otos avve^ev&v dvOpoi-
wos fX7] ^(Dpi^iroj. Xiyovortv avra) Tt ovv Mwvq-tJs eVcretXa- 7
avr^v to AOYNAI BlBAlON ATTOCTACIOY KAI ATTOAYCAIT
; Xe'yct 8
avrots ort MwvcnJys wpos rrjv o-KXrjpoKapScav v/juZv cwe-
rp€ij/ev vfjuv diroXvo-ai rds yvrat/cas vjxmv, dir dpyfjs Se ov
^f yiyovev ovtws.rXiyu> 8e vfjuv ort os av diroXvarj ttjv yv- 9
vatKa avrov fxrj Ittl rropveta Kat yafxrjcrrj aXXrjv /xot^drat.'
Xeyovo"tv avrw ot fxaOrjTat Et ovrcos iarlv rj atrta rov dv- 10
* Ac'yw 5e v/uuy, o? af aVoXvoT; ttJi/ yvraiKa auTOi) Trape/crbs Aoyov 7ropveta?, Trotet av-rrjv [xoix€V^r]val*
Kal 6 dnok€\vfJL€vr)v yaja^cras /xotxarat.
XIX KATA MA09AION 45
11 Qpunrov fierd ttJs ywat/cos, ov o-vp^ipet. yafirjoroLL. 6 Sc €t-
irev avTois Ov 7ravT€s -^oypovo-L tov \oyov, aXX' ots SeSorat.
12 curtv yap cwov^ot otrtvcs €/< KOtXtas firp-pos lyevvrjOrjo-av
OVTO)5, Kat CUTtV CVVOV^Ot OtTtV€9 CVVOV^LdOrjO'aV V7TO TU)V
dv6p(jJ7ro)v, /cat ctcrtv €vvov)(ol otrtvcs cui/ov^tcrav cauroi/s
Sia rrjv /Jao'tXctaj/ twv ovpavwv. o Swattevos ^copetV ^(0)-
ptLTd).
13 Tore 7rpoo"r]vix6r](Tav aur<3 7ratSta, tva ras x€~Pas
€7rt6^ avrots *at 7rpocrev£r]Tar ot Sc fxaOrjTal €7reTLjJLr]crav
14 aDTOtS. O 0€ l^CTOVS €t7T€I/ Ac/>€T€ TCI 7TGUOICI /cat tt^
kwXv'ctc arret IkOelv 7rpds /xc, tojv yap tolovtidv eortV
15 7; /3ao-tXeta to3v ovpavo3i>. /cat €7rt0cts ras X€WafS a^rots
€7rop€v9r] cKtlOev.
16 Kat t8oi) els 7rpo(7cX6cii/ aura) €t7rci/ AtSaovraXc, rt
17 aya0cV irouqau) tva cr^w ^cot/v olojvlov; o Se shrev avr<3
Tt /xe cpojras 7T€pl tou ayafloi; ; cts corti/ d aya0oV €t 8c
18 6e\eis ci5 T77V £0771/ etcrcX0€tV,rT?7p"
nras cVroXas.
rXeyct
avV<5 ITotW o 8c 'LycroSsrl^ To 0y <J>ON€YCeiC, 0y
i9 Moixerceic, Of KAeyeic, Of YeyAoMApTypHceic, Tima
TON TTATepA KAI THN MHTep<\, /cat 'ApMTHCCIC TON
20 TTAHCi'on COY OOC C6AYTON. Xe'yct aura) d vcavtV/cos
21rTaOra 7ravra
nicf>v\a£a* Tt en vcrrcpto ;
r€<j>rp aura) d 'Itt-
crovs Et 0£Xcts tcXcios etyat, wayc TnoXrjo'ov crov ra virdp-
XOvtcl /cat 80s [rots] TTTw^ots, /cat etjcis Orjcravpov ev ovpavois,
22 /cat Sei5po a/coXoi;#€t /xot. a/covo-as Se d rcavtV/cos toV
Xdyov [rovrov] a7nJX#€v XvrrovfAevos, rjv yap c^cov Kr^/xara
23 7roXXa. 'O 8e 'I'^crot'S eT7rev Tots /JLaOrjTcus avrov
'A/x^v Xeyoj u/xtv ort 7rXouo'tos Svo*/cdXa)s cto-cXcvcrcrat cts
24 ttjv jSaartXctav toji/ ovpai/a)i/* 7raXti/ 8e Xeytori5/xti/,
ncvkottoj-
repov i(TTLV Ka/AT/Xov 8ta ^p^ttaros^ pac^tSosrcto"cX^€tv ?y
25 7rXovo-tovn
cts *nyv (3acn\uav tov 0€ov. a.KOvo~avT€<s Se
ot p.a9rjTal l^eTrXrjcrcrovTO (r<f>6Spa Xiyovres Tt's apa Sv-
26 varut o-co^^vat; i/x/SXiij/as 8e d 'Irjcrovs €ltt€v avrots Ilapa
aurot?
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46 RATA MA00AION XIX XX
tivOpWTTOlS TOVTO dBvVGLTOV COTtV, TTAp& Sc 86CO TTANTA. Ay
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NIATA. ToTC oVoKpt^ClS O IleTpOS CtTTCV aVTO) 27
'iSov rjfJLtis dcj>7]KafX€V iravra Kat i^KoXovOrjaafiiv cror Tt
apa carat yjxiv ; o Sc 'Ir/crous et7rcv avrots Ajjltjv Xcyco 28
v/xtv ort v/xcts ot aKoXov^T^xavrcs /xot cv T77 7raXtvycvco~ta,
orav KaOicrrj 6 vtos tov dvOpdirov cttI Opovov 8o$r)S avrov,
ai/Toi KaOrjcrecrOe kcll ^/xcts"1
cVt ScoScKa 0povovs KpivovTts ras
dfe\4>ov?rj SaJScKa <£vXas tov 'laparyX. Kat 7ras oo~rts dchrJKCvrot/aas 29
1) aocA(povs 17 aoeAcpas r/ Trarcpa 1} fxrjrepa tj TCKva i)
aypovs €V€K€V tov e/xov ovo/xaTO?, 7roXXa7rXao~tova X??/x-
xj/eTCU. koll £a)?)v atwvtov KXrjpovofjLrjcru, IloXXot 8c co-ovrat 30
7rpwTOL co-^arot Kat ccr^arot TrpioToi. O/xota yap cVrtv 1
17 /3ao~tXcta tujv ovpavwv av#paj7ra> otKoSecrTror^ oo~rts
lirjXOev dfxa 7rpa>t fxiorOwcracrOai cpyaras cts tov a/XTrcXwya
avVoir crvfJL<t)(x)V7Jo~as Sc ticTa r<3v ipyarwv Ik S^vaptov 2
ttjv rjfxtpav a7reo~TCtXcv avrovs cts tov a/X7rcXdjva avrov.
/cat e^eXOwv 7rcpt rptr^v copav etScv aXXovs ccrraJras cV T77 3
ayopa apyovV Kat Ikuvois et7rcv 'Y7raycr€ Kat v/xcts cts 4
tov a/x7rcAa>va, Kat o cav 77 otKatov 0a)O"o) v/xtv ot oe 5
aTrrjXOov. 7raXtv[S€]c£eX#wi' 7rcpt cktt/v Kat ivdrrjv topav
l7TOLr}<j€v wo"avra>s. 7rcpt Sc ti)v evScKcmyv cfcX#a5v cvpcv 6
aXXovs £0-Ta>Ta5, Kat Xcyct avrots Tt a)Sc tcrTrjKaTe oXrjv
rrjv 77/xcpav apyot; Xcyovo-tv avra) "Ort ovScts 77/xas e/it- 7
crOwcraTO' Xcyct avrots 'Y7ray€TC Kat vp.cts ets tov ajjure-
Xa>va. oi^tas 8c ycvottevr/s Xcyct o Kvptos tov a/x7T€Xc3vos 3
ai/Tots to) £7rtTp07ra) avrov KaX€o~ov tovs epyaras Kat a*7ro8os'
tov fxicruov apfattcvos a7ro to>v co-^gitwv ccos tojv 7rpa>-
twv. cX^o^tcs 8e ot 7rcpt T/)v c^ScKaTT^v Jjpav ZXafiov dvd 9
Srjvdptov. Kat cX#ovt€s ot 7rpa>rot cvcitto-av oTt TrXetov Xt;//- 10
xj/ovrar Kat eXa/3ov [to] dvd S^vaptov Kat avrot. Xafiov- nT€S 8c cyoyyv^ov Kara tov otKo8cor7ro'rov Xeyovrcs Ovrot 12
!]>?»/ auTov? ot co*^arot tttav wpav C7rot7;crav, Kat tcovsravrov5 17/xtv"
liroiy]o'a^ rots /^aoTaVacrt to fidpos Trjs 77/xcpas Kat tov
XX RATA MA99AI0N 47
13 Kdvcruva. 6 Sc dwoKpiOelsrevl olvtidv enrev Eroupe, ovk a-
14 $ik<2 ore* ov%l hrjvapLOv o-vvetjxjjvrjcras jt/,01 ; apov to aov
Kal uVaye' ^e'Xa)r8e
ntovtc? t<d la-^aTi^ Sowai cos /cat crot"
15 OVK €%€OTW (JLOL O 0eX(O 7rOL7](TaL Iv TOLS ZfXOLS *, 7/ 6 O^aA-
16 /xos cou 7rovr)p6<; ianv otl eyw aya#os a/u; Ouroos €o*ov-
rat 01 la^aroi Trpwroi Kal ol irpwTOi ecr^aio^
el-rev eta airrilv
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kAtjtoI oAtyoi Se
€KAcKTOl.h
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/?cv roi;s SwScAca [/xa#?7Tas] Kar' tStW, Kal ev rfj 6S<2 el-irey
18 avTols 'ISctj dva/3aii'OjjL€V cis 'iepocroXvjua, Kal d uids rot;
dv6pu>irov 7rapa&o9r)<TCTcu tois dp^tep^vcrtv kol ypajjLjjiaTev-
19 <tij/, Kal KaraKptvo-ucrtv a-uror [#aj/aTO)], Kal TrapaStocrovcriv
avrov Tois Z6v€ctlv cts to e/ATrai^at Kal jxacTTiyuyaai koX
(TTavptocraL, koll rfj rpcrrj yaipariy€p9rj<T€Tatl. aVacmjo-eraf
20 Tore TrpovrjXOev avTw rj fJLTjrrjp rwv vlwv ZefSeSatov aerd
top vt(Ci/ avTrjs 7rpQo~KWov(Ta Kat alrovaa tlra7r
navrov, nap
21 d Se ct^ei/ a^T>J Tt #eXcis;rXiy€L aura)
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Ka6LO~W(TlV OVTOL ol SvO vloL jJLOV €tS €K SeflO)!/ Kal €tS c£
22 eua)i/Tj//.a)v crou iv rrj /3acnActa <rot>. airoKpiOzls he 6
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TTOTiqpiov o eyco fxiXXm ttlvclv, Xiyovcnv avT<2 Avvdutda.
23 Xeyci avTols To a\v TTOT-qpiov jjlov irUaOe, to Se KaOtaai
€K Sc£i<2v fxovrKaV i£ evtovv/JLitiV ovk ecrrtv iuov
TSot-vat, »/ 1 toOto
24 a\\ ots rjTOLjj.ao~TaL nro tov iraTpos jjlov. Kat aKou-
25 cravrcs ol 8cKa r^jyavaKTrjaav rrtpl t<2v Svo aSe\</>c3i/. d 8e
Irj&ovs 7rpocrKaXco-ajU.€vos avrovs eTwev OtSarc 0T6 ot ap-
^OVTCS TWV iOvWV KCLTOLKVpLCVOVO-LV CLVTWV KCLL OL fX€ya\oL
26 Karcfovo-ta^ovcrtv ai;Ta)i/. oi;^ ovtws Io~tlv Iv v/xlv aXX b<s
av 6k\yjrlv vfxiv /xeyas
1
yevio-Qai eo-rat v/xa)i/ StaKovo?,
27 Kal os av 6^X77rev vplv zlvat? Trpwros ecrrat i;/xc3j/ SovXos*
28 wcr7r€p d mos tov dv0poj7rov ovk rjXOtv 8LaKovr}0rjva.L aXXa
StaKoi/Tjcrat Kal Sovvqll ttjv xj/v^rjv olvtov XvTpov glvtl ttoXXwv. Ap.
/Lteyas tv vynv
elpai vfJuZv
48 KATA MA99AI0N XX XXI
Kat €K7TOp€VOlX€V0)V CLVTtoV aiTO IcpC^Cd TjKo\ov6rj(T€V 29
avT<3 o^Xos iroXvs. Kal ISov Svo ruc/>Aot KaOrjfxevoL irapa 30
7rjv dSdv, aKOvo"avT€<z otl Irjcrovs 7rapayct, tKpa^av Xiyov-
vte res Ki5ptc, Ikirjcrov rjfxas,rvl6'f
i
Aauct'S. o 8e c^Aos cVert- 31
fX7](T€V CLVTOLS LVOL CTtW7nf(7(0CrtV Ot §€ /LtCt^OV €Kpa£dV A.C-
vie yovrcs Krptc, iXirjo-ov 77/xas, ""vios"1
Aavufr Kat ords 32
[d] 'Iyycrors £<f>iov7)cr€v avrov<s Kat ct7rei/ Tt OeXtre ttoltJcto)
vjluv; Xiyovvw olvtm Kvptc, tra avotyaxrti/ 01 6(f>6aXfxol 33
,4A yfjitov. (nrXayxyLcrOtis Sc o I^crors rjxpaTo tujv dyut/zaYtoj/ 34
avrdji', Kat cv^cws avefiXtxf/av Kat rjKoXovOrjaav avTw.
Rat ore rjyyLaav cts 'Iepoo-dAiyxa Kat ^Aflo* cts B?70- i
<j>ayrj cts to *Opos twv 'EXaiwv, totc 'I^o-ovs a7rcoT€tAci>
Suo [AaOrjrds Acywv auTots Ilopcvccr^c cts r?)v K(ifM7]v rrjv 2
KarivOLVTl V/XWV, Kat CV0US €Vp7]0~€T€ OVOV $C§€fX€V7]V Kal
ayere 7ra>Xov p.€T avTrjs* Xvo-avrcs ^yaycrc 1{Lou Kal idv TtS 3
VfJLLV el-JTrj TL, CpCtTC OTL O KVplOS aVTUV \p€tav €^€f
evOvs 8c aVooTcAct avrovs. Tovto 8c ycyovcv Iva ttXtj- 4
pu)6fj rd p7)Q\v Sta tou irpocfyrjTov Acyovros
EmATe th Gyr^Tpi Sioon 5
'lAoy 6 BaciAsyc coy epxeTAi coi
npAyc kai eniBeBHKooc eni onon
kai eni ttooAon yion Ynozyn'oY.
nopcv^cVrcs Sc ot fxaOrjral Kal Troi-qo-avTes Ka9(DS owe- 6
ra£cv avrots d 'Irycrovs rjyayov ttjv ovov Kat tov ttwAoi', Kal 7
liriOrjKav lir avTwv ra t/xaTta, Kal hriKaBivzv cVaVa) ai;-
Twv. d 8c TrActoros d^Aos eo-Tpwo^av eavTwv ra t/xaYta 8
cV tt} o8w, aAAot Se Zkotttov kXclSovs ano twv Sivopwv /cat
io-Tpwvwov Iv Trj dSw. ot Se o^Aot ot 7rpoayovTCS avroi' 9
Kat ot o!koAov6o{;i/tcs c/cpa^ov Acyovrc?
'Oaavva t<3 vlQ Aavcto*
EYAorHMGNOC 6 epXOM6NOC 6N ONOMATI KypiOY*
il oraw a cv Tots vxJ/lo-tols,
Kat cto"cA0dvros avrou cts 'lcpoo~dAv/xa io~€icr6r] 7racra rj 10
XXI RATA MA0GAION 49
11 7roXt5 Xeyovcra Tt's cortv ovtos; ot 8c o^Xot cXcyov Ouros
ccrrtv o 7rpo<fir]Tr]s Irjaovs 6 aVo Na£apc0 rrjs raXtXatas.
12 Kat clarjXOev *Irj<rovs cts to tcpoVT
, Kat e£c/?aXci/ -iTou^eovr
Travras tovs 7raAoviTas Kat ayopa^ovras cV r<5 tcp<3 Kat
ras T0a7rc£as to>j> koWv/3i<tt<2v KaTcVrpei^cv Kat ras Ka-
13 OeSpas t<2v 7ru)\ovvT(i)v ras 7rcpto-Tcpas, Kat Xcyct auTots
Yiypa-TTTai '0 oikoc Moy oTkoc npoceyxHC kAh9hc6-
14 TAI, £/A€ts 8e avToV 7rotctT€ CTTHAAION Ahctgon. Kat Trpoa-
rjXOov ai'rw Tv^Xot Kat ^wXot cV t<3 tcpcp, /cat iOepd-
15 severe*/ auTO^s. 'ISoVtcs 3c ot ap^tcpcts Kat ot ypa/x/xaT€ts
ra OavfJid(TLa a iwoLrjcrev Kat tovs 7ratSas toijs Kpa£oi/Tas
cV rw tcpa) Kat XcyovTas Oo~avva to) vta> Aavct'S
16 rjyavaKTrjcrav Kat ziirav clvt<2 Akovzls tl ovtol Xeyov-
ctlv ; o Sc 'I^o-ovs Xcyct airrots Nat* ovScVotc dveyvayre
OTL 'Ek CTOMATOC NHTTIOON KAI GhAAZONTOON KATHp-
17 TICOO AINON; Kat KaTaXt7rcJv clvtovs i£rj\6cs
c£a) rrjs 7roXcco5 cts l^rj9avtav, Kat rjvXio-drj cKCt. ^/.
jrt IIpcDt 8crc7ravayay(oi/"
1
cts T^y 7roXti/ cVctvacrev. Kat eTravd-yuv
lO(i)V (TVK7]V JXLOLV C7Tt TT^? OOOV TjAU€V C7T CLVTTJVj Kat
ov8cv cvpcv cV avT?} ct /x?} <f>vXXa fiovov, Kat Xcyct avTfl
Ov fX7]K€.TL Ik crov Kapnos yevrjrai cts Tor atwva* Kat
20 e£rjpdv6r] Trapa^prj//a 7; (TVKrj. Kat tSoVrcs ot /j.a9r}Tal
lOavfJiao-av Xcyovrcs Ilajs 7rapa^p^/xa l^rjpdvOrj -q ctvkyJ;
21 aVoKpt^cts Se d 'I^crous ct7rcv avrots AfJirjv Xiyco v/mv,
caV t-XQ7* ttlcttlv Kat //-t) StaKpt^TC, ov fiovov to ttJs
o-vktJs 7roi7]<jeT€j aXXa Kav ra) opct tovtw ctTnyrc Apdrjrt
22 Kat /SXtjOtjtl cts tt;i/ OdXao-crav, ycv^rcrat* Kat 7raVra
ocra ai/ alr7]arp-€ iv ry irpouzvxQ TricrTevovTes Xrjfx-
^co-0c.
23 Kat cX^dvros ai;Tov ct? to tcpov 7rpoo~f}X6av avT& St8a-
ctkovtl ot ap^tcpcts Kat ot 7rp€cr/3vT€poL tov Xaov XeyovTCS
'Ev 7rota l^ovaia. javra 7rotcts; Kat Tts o*ot cSojkcv 'nyi/
SO KATA MA0GAION XXI
i£ovo-cav Tav-rrjv; diroKpiOeU [Se] o 'I^cro^s €t7rci> clvtols 24
'Epo)T7/(T(0 v/xas Kayto Xoyov eva, ov eav tnrrjTt /xot
Kayco v/xlv epto ev iroia e^ovcria ravra 7rotar to /3a7rrt- 25
oy>ta to 'itoaVou 7ro#€V ^v; cf ovpavov 77 ef av6pd>7ro)v; ol
naP Sc SteAoyt^oi/TOr€i/~
l
Ja-uTotg AeyovTes 'EaV ct7ra>/x€V 'E£ ov-
pavov, epct 77/xtJ/ Ata Tt ow ovk cVtcrrcucraTe avrw
;
€*aV Se €L7T(iifJL€V *Ef dv0pU>7TU)V, tfiofiovpLeOo. ToV S^OV, 26
7ra^TCS yap cos 7rpo^>7]Trjv e^ovcnv tov 'Iwdvrjv koll aVo- 27
KpL0€VT€<S T(3 'i^tTOU CtTTaV OvK Ot8a/X€V. €c/)7y CLVTOIS KCU
clvtos OvSe cyco Xcyco £p,tj/ eV 7rota efovcrta, TauTa 7rotco.
SJo T€KmIkcu Tt 8c v/xty So/cct ; dvOpwrros e£x ei/ rr€/cva 8uo
n.
T7rpoo~eX- 3S
#coj/ tcu 7rpa>ra) enrev TeKvov, vrraye crrj/xepov epyd^ov ev
dlxirtXwt fxov T& rajJL7Te\o)Vf?' 6 Se d7TOKpi$€is €L7T€V 'EyCO, KVptf KCU 29
OVK aTTTjXueV. 7rpOCT€/\#CoV 8 6 TCU SeUT€pCO €t7T€V Gjcavrcos* O 30
0€ airoKpi6e\<z el-rev Ov QeXoi* vcrrtpov fxeTafxeX-qOeX^ d-n-rjk-
6eV. TLS €K TcCv SuO €7TOLr)(T€V TO 6iXr]fXa TOV 7TaTpOS ', 31
<d/>-frXeyovo~iv 'O vcrTepos^ Xeyei clvtoIs o 'Irjcrovs Afirjv Xeyio
v/xlv otl ot TeAcovat Kat at iropvai Trpoayovaiv -u/xas ets ttJi/
fiacrtXuav tov Oeov* rjXOev yap 'IcoaVrys 7rpos v/xas cV o- 32
Sco StKaiocrw?7?, Kat ovk €7rtcrT€i;craTe avrcu* 01 Se TeAtoVat
Kat at Trdpvat €7rtOTevcrav aiVar v/xets Se tSdvTCS ovSe p,€T€-
lLzXrj6r)T€ vo-Ttpov tov ino-TevcraL avTO). "AA- 33
Xrjv 77apa(3oXrjv aKovcraTe. AvOpoiiros rjv ot/<o8ccr7ro-
tyjs oo-Tis ec^YTeyceN AMneAooNcX kaj OpAfMON aytco
nepie0HK6N k&i aipY^eN In aytoj Ahnon kai coko-
A()MHC6N TTYprON, Kat l^HeTO avTov yecopyots, Kat ccttc-
Srjfxrjaev. ore Se tfyyccrev 6 Katpos tcuv KapTrcor, a7T£- 34
orctAcv tous SovAors auroi) 7rpos tot)s yccopycus Aa^ctr tot)s
Kap7rovs auTOi;. /cat Xol(36vt€<; ol yeiopyot tot)s SovAous 35
avTOi; ov fJLtv eoctpav, 01/ 0€ aTrtKTCivav, uv be ektuopo-
Xrjaav, ttolXlv airecrTeLXev aAAovs SouAovs TrAct'cva? tcuV 36
7rpcoTcov, Kat hroiiqa-av avTots cucravTcos. vtTTcpov Se a7re- 37
orctAcv 7rpos clvtovs tov vlov avTov Aeycov Ei/Tpa7nycroyTat
VfJLLV,
XXI XXII KATA MAO0AION 51
38 tov vlov [Jlov. ol Sc ycwpyot [SoVtcs rov vlov elirov Iv
eavrols Ovtos kcrriv 6 KXrjpovofJLOS' SevTC aVoKTetvco/xcv
39 CLVTOV KCLl €Ty£>}X€V TT)V KXrjpOVOfJLLCLV GLVTOV' KOLL Xa/36vT€<S
40 clvtov ii;£fiaXov cfco tov dfjareXwvos Kat airiKTeivav. orav
ovv eXOrj 6 Kvpio<z tov a/XTTcAawos, Tt Trotrjcrei tols yccopyots
41 eKetVots; Xiyovcriv aura) KaKOVS kglkws airoXeaa aurous,
Kai tov a/xTTcXalva €K8uxrcTat aAAots ycwpyots, otTtvcs
drro^(icrov(TLV clvtio tovs Kap-rrovq ev rot? Katpots avTiov.
42 Ac'yet avTois 6 'irjcrovs OuSeVore dveyva)T€ iv Tats ypa-
<£ats
Ai0on on attgAokimacan oi oiKoAoMofNTec
OYTOC er€NH0H €!C Ke4)AAHN r<*>NI&C'
TTApA Kypioy ereNCTO ayth,
KAI 6CTIN 0AYMACTH 6N 6({)0AAMoTc HMGON ;
43 81a tovto Acycoru/xti/ 6Vt
napOrjaeraL a<£ vjjojjv rj /3ao"tActa
TOU #£OV Kai $O0T](T€TaL Wv€L 7TOLOVVTL TOVS KapTTOVS aVTTjS.
44 [Kat o TrecraV cVt tov XlOov tovtov G~vv6Xacr0rj(T€TaL' i<f> bv
458' av Tricrrj XiKfuyjcrei avToV.]
rKat aKovcravTC^ 'AxwVai/Te? 6e
ot dp)(iep€i$ Kai ol 3>aptcratot Tas 7rapa/3oAas avrov eyva)-
46 crav 6Vt 7T€pt aurwi/ Aeycr Kat ^towtcs avrov Kparfj-
o-at itfaofirjO-qcrav tovs o;(Aovs, cVet cts TTpo^rjrrfV avrov
1 ct^ov. Kat aVoKpt^ets o 'I^crovs 7raAu/ €t7T€v cV
2 7rapa/?oAats auTOts Acyaw '0/xota>#?7 7; fiacnXeLa tc3v oupa-
vd>i/ dv6p(o7r<o /^acrtAet, oorts liroiiqcrcv yd/xovs t<3 ut<I>
3 avrov. Kat a7rccrTctAcr tovs 8ovAovs avrov KaXicrat tovs
4 kckA^/xcVov? ets tovs yd/xovs, Kat ot;k rjOeXov eXOeLv. TrdXiv
airicrTtiXev aAAovs 8ovAovs Aeycav Et7raT€ rots k€kXtj-
/XCVOtS 'iSoV TO apLCTTOV fJLOV T^TOt/XaKa, Ot TavpOL fJLOV
Kai ra atTtora re^utteva, Kat iravTa Irot/xa* Seure cts
5 rovs ya/xovg. ot 8e a/xcA^o-avTCS a7r^A6ov, os /xev ets tov
6 totov aypoVy os oc C7rt t>;^ c/x7roptav aurov ot oe Aot7rot
Kpa-n]cravT€<; tovs SovAous avTov vj3ptcrav Kai aVcKTetvay.
70 8c fSao-iXeus wpyicrOrj, Kai 7T€/xi^as to o*TpaT€u/xaTa
52 KATA MA00AION XXII
avrov airdXecrev tovs </>ovcts cKCtvovs Kat irjv ttoXlv avrwv
lviirpr](T€V, tot€ Xc'yci Tots SovXots avrov 'O jxlv ya/xos 8
crot/xos icrTLVy ot Sc K€KXr]p,evoi ovk fjcrav d£tor iropeveaOe g
ovv cVt rds Stc£dSovs twv 68<jjv, koli oaovs lav €vprjr€
KaXeaare cis tovs yd/xov?. Kat c£cX#6Vr€S ot SovXoi 10
CKCtvot cts ras 080vs avvrjyayov irdvra^ ovs evpov, ttovt}-
povs tc Kat dya0ovV Kat lirXxicrOy) o vvfjL<f>wv avaKetp.cVa)v.
do-€\6wv Sc d (SacnXevs QtdaaarOai rovs aVaKCt/icVovs et8ci> »
€K€t avOpuiTTov ovk cVScSv/acVoj/ cVSv/>ta ydpov Kal Xcyct 12
•4A avVa> 'Eratpc, 7rdjs elaijXOes cSSc /xt) c;(wv tvSv/xa ya'/xov;
6 Sc i<f>ifjajjdrj. Tore 6 /3ao-tXcvs et7rci/ Tots StaKoVots A??- 13
cravrcs avrov 7rdSas Kat ^ci/aas iKfidXere avroV cts to
(JKOTOS TO C^OJTCpOV CKCt carat KXavOfxos Kal 6 (3pv-
y/xos twv oSovtcdv. 7roXXot yap cto-ti/ kX^toI dXtyot 8e 14
€KXcKTOt.
Totc Tropcv^cvTCS ot <£>aptcratot o"vp./JovXtov eXafiov 15
07TWS avroV 7rayiScvo"(oo-tv cv Xoya>. Kat a7rooTcXXovo-tv 16
avrw tovs jJLadrjTas avTwv /xcTa twi/ Hpa>Stava>j/ Xcyo^Tas
AtSao^KaXc, otSattcv 6V1 dXrjOrjs ct Kat r>7i> 0801/ rov 0€ov cV
aXrjOtia StSacrKcts, Kat ov /xc'Xct o"ot Trcpt ovSevdg, ov yap
/JXcVctS CtS TTpOO-UnrOV dvOptoTTtoV Ct7ToV OvV T^/Xty TL 0"Ot 17
SoKct* c£cortv SovVat Krjvo-ov KatVapt 77 ov; yvovs Sc\i8
o I^crovs T7/v Trovqpiav avrwv ct7rcv Tt p,c 7rcipd£cTC,
VTTOKplTai; cVtSctfaTC /XOt TO VO/XLC/Xa TOV KT/VO-OV. Ot 19
6 'I»f<rovs Sc Trpoo-qveyKav avru> Srjvdptov. Kat Xcyct avrotsTTtVos 20
77 cikwv avr/7 Kat?J
cVtypa</>?7 ; Xcyovo-tv Kaarapos. rdrc 21
Xcyct avrots AttoSotc ovv Ta Katcapos KatVapt Kat ra
tov ^cov tw dew. Kat aKovcraircs lOavjxao'av, Kat a<£cVrcs 22
avTOV aTrrjXOav.
'Ek €K€Linrj rrj rjp.epa irpoo~r}X6ov avrto SaSSovKatot, Xc- 23
yorrcs /xi} ctvat avacrrao-tv, Kat i7rr}p<tiTr]crav avrov Xiyov- 24
res AtScEo-KaXc, Mwvo^s ct7rcv 'Ean TIC ahoOanh MH
exooN TeKNA;
fcnirAMBpeycei 6 IheXcpoc A^Tof thn
XXII RATA MAGGAION 53
TYNAIKA &YTOY KAI ANACTHC6I CTTCpMA TO) AAeA(t)Cp
25 AYTOf. rjcrav Sc irap tj/juv kirra a8cX<£ot* kcll 6 7rpwTog
yry/xas cVeXcirrtyo-ci', Kat p,r? c^coi/ 0-iripp.a dcfafJKtv irjv
26 ywatKa avrov t<o aScX<£<i> avrov* o/xota>? Kat d ScvVcpos
27 Kat O TpLTOS, €WS TtoV €7TTa* uo-rcpoi/ Sc 7rdvT<av diriOavev
28 7; yw?/. cV ttJ avacrraaet ovv rtfos rcoi/ C7rra ccrrat yu-
29 V77; 7ToVt€s yap co-^ov avrrjv. a7roKpi6a.<s Sc d 'I^covg
clVcr avrots lTXavao-#€ p,?7 etSorcs ras ypa<f>d<$ /xtiSc r^v
30 Svvatuv tot; 6eov' kv yap ttJ aVaoracrct ovt€ yajmovo'iv
ovt€ ya/xt^oi/Tat, aXX ws ayycXot cV T(3 ovpaya) ctcrtV
31 7T€pt Sc T779 araoracrctos to>v v€Kpu)i> ovk aVeyvtoTC to prj-
32 #ci/ v/uj/ V7TO tov 6eov XcyovTos 'Ere!) 8IMI 6 0€OC
'ABpAAM kai 6 eeoc 'Icaak kai 6 6eoc \IakgoB;
33 ot;k €cttlv [o] 0cos vcKpwi/ aXXa £aWau'. Kat aKovVavTes
ot o^Xot €^€7rXrja-crovTO iirl rrj SiSa^r} avrov.
34 Ot Se <PapLcraLOL aKovVavrcs on c<£i)aa)cr€V rovs 2a8-
35 SovKatovs crvvri\6y}(Tav cVt to avrd. Kat eirrjpwTrjo'ev cts
36 cf avrwi/ vo/xtKos 7rctpa£a)v avrov AiSao"KaXc, 7rota eVroA^
37 ^yd-Xrj kv tw i/dtup; d Sc €<£?? avra> 'ArATTHCCIC K^piON
TON OeON COY ^N OAH KApAlA COY KAI 6N OAH TH
38 YYX^ C°Y KAI €N OAH TH AlANOIA COY* CIV777 ccrrtl/ 77
39 fJLeyaXrj Kat Trporrrj IvtoXtj. Scvrcpard/xota
ravTrf
n'Af"A-
40 TTHCCiC TON TTAhciON COY dbc C6AYTON. cV Tavratg rats
Svo"ti/ cVroXats 0X0$ 6 vdfxos Kpc/xarat Kat ot 7rpocf>rj-
41 rat. HvvrjyfJLevwv 8c rcov ^aptcratW iirrjpwTrjcrtv
42 avrovs o l77cro{}s Xcywv Tt v/xti' SoKct 7rcpt tov ^ptcrroi;
;
43 rtVos utds coTtv ; Xcyovcrtv avrw Tov Aavet'S. Xcyct clvtoIs
Ila)? oJv AauctS iv 7rvevjJiaTt KaXctrarrdi/ Kvpiov ' Xcycov
44 ElncN KVpioc to) KYpico moy Ka9oy eK AcIioon Moy
eooc an Go) toyc exOpoYC coy Yttokatco toon ttoAoon
coy;
45 ct ovv AavctS KaXct avrov Kvpiov, 7ra)s vtds clvtov Io-tlv;
46 Kat ovScts cSwaro dTroKpiOrjvcu avrai Xdyov, ov8c ctoX-
OfiouutI avrfi
Kvpiov avrbv
54 RATA MAGGAION XXII XXIII
fxrjcriv tls air c/cctV^s ttJs rjfiepas i7repu)Trj(rai avrov ovkcti.
Tore [d] 'Irjcrovs iXdXrjaev Tots o^Xots /cat rot? fiadrj- i
rat? avrov Xiyutv 'E7rt rrjs Mowcre'cos /ca#c8pas iKaOurav 2
01 ypafijxaT€LS /cat ot 3>apto-atot. iravra oiv ocra iav cnra)- 3
(Tiv vfxtv 7ron7<xaT€ /cat TT/petrc, Kara Se Ttt Ipya avrw /at;
7rotetTe, Acyoucrtv yap /cat oi; ttoiovvw. Sccr/xcvovcrtv 8c 4
icai SvtrjSa'oTcucra c/>oprta /3apiaT
/cat Ittitl6£(X(TW iiri tgvs wjxovs tujv dv6pw-
7ra)V> avTol Se t<3 Sa/cruAa) auru>j/ ot> ^cAouo-tv Kivrjaai
avrd. iravra Se ra cpya ai;7W Trotovcrtv Trpds to OeaOfjvai 5
Tots dvOpwTTOis* irXaTvvovcri yap ra (f>vXaKTT]pta avrwv /cat
ficyaXvvovcn rd tfpacTTreSa, <J>lXovctl Se rrjv TrpwTo/cXtcrt'aV 6
iv rots &€17tvol<; /cat ras Trpwro/ca^cSptas eV rats owayw-
yats /cat tovs acnrao-piovs iv rats ayopats *at KaXecaOai 7
U7TO twi> dv6p<jJ7rix)v 'Yafifiei. vfxtis 8c /x?/ KXrj8rJT€ 8
Pa/?/?€t', els yap carti/ i5/^c3^ d 8tSacr/caXos> 7rdvTe<s Se
tyxets aSeXc/>ot core* /cat iraripa jxrj KaXecrrjTe v/jlcdv eVt 9
ttJs y^, ets yap ecrTti> t3/xcDv d Trairjp 6 ovpdVtos* /x^Se 10
KXrj9rJT€ KaOrjyrjrai, ort KaOrjyrjTrjs i5p,aV ecrrlV €ts d XP l"
otos* o oe p,et£<jw lyxwi/ carat lyxwj/ ota/covos. Ocrrts oe I2
vxj/wcrei iavrov Ta7r€tva)^TycrcTai, /cat darts Ta7retva)0-et eav-
Ap. rov vif/iodijoreTaL Oval 8c vplv^ ypa/x/xarets /cat 14
4>apicratot viroKpira^ otl /cXetere rrjv /3ao-iXetav twv oupa-
vw^ ejxTrpocrOtv twv dv6pw7TQ)V i3/xets yap ou/c cto"cp^eo-^€,
cvSe roi5s eta-ep^o/xeVous a<£teT€ elaeXOetv. Oval v/juv, 15
ypa/x/xarets Kat ^>apto*atot viroKpiTai, ort 7T€ptaycr€ 7771/
OdXaaorav Kal tyjv ^rjpdv TroLrjcrat eva 7rpoay]XvTOV9 /cat
ora^ yiviyrai 7rotetr€ avrov vtdj/ yceVv^s 8t7rXdrcpov u/xwy.
Ot'at a5/xtv, dS^yot rvcj>Xol ol Xiyovrcs *Os av dfJioo-y iv 16
rep vaa), oi>8ev co~rtv, os 8' av 6/JLocrr] iv tw ^pvcrcp tou
vaov dc^etXct* /xwpot Kat Tvc/)Xot, rt's yap fjLti&v ccrrtV, d 17
Xpvcrds ^ d vaos o aytacras toj/ ^prcrdv; /cat "x
Os av t8
o/xocrrj iv r<3 OvcnacrT'qpi^ ovhiv icrriv, os 8' av 6fx6(rrj iv
/acupot icai TW 8(Op(i) TO) e7Ta^CO a^TOl) Oc/>€tA€t* TV<f>XoL, Tt yap jU,€t£0V, 19
XXIII KATA MAG0AION 55
20 to Swpov rj to 6vcnao-T7]pLov to dyid^ov to Swpov; 6 ovv
ofjiocras kv tw OvcnacrTrjpLiD ofiwec kv avT<2 Kai kv 7rdo"t
21 tols liraviti avTov' koll o o/xccrag kv t<3 vato opvveL kv av-
22 tc3 Kat ey to)rKaToiKoiWt avTov Kai o ofiocras tv tu
ovpavw ofivvet kv ra> Bpovio tov 6eov kcu kv T(3 KaOrj/xiva)
23 C7ravco a-jror. Ovat i5/xti>, ypapLfxaTeis Kai 3>aptcratot vtto-
Kptrat, ort a7roS€KaToi;T€ to ^Svoct/aov Kat to dvqOov Kat to
KVfxivov, Kai dcf)T]KaT€ Ta /3apvT€pa tov voliov, ttjv KpLO~lV
Kai to eAcog Kai ttjv ttlcttlv Tavra §€ ISet irovrjcrai KaKtcva
24 fjaij dcf>€Lvai. oSrjyol Tv<j>\oLy
$lv\l£ovt€$ tov Kwvu)7ra ttjv
r$ Se KajjirjXov KaTa:rtVovT€?. Oral vpuv, ypa/z/xaTets i<al
<&apio~aloi VTTOKptTaL, otl KaOapit^Te to cfto^ev tou ttottj-
ptov Kai Trjs 7rapoi^t§09, ZcriD&ev Be yifiovcnv k£ dpTrayfjs
26 kcu aKpao"ta<?. ^aptcrate Tv<fi\e, KaOaptaov TrpcoTOV to
IvTog tou 7TOT7]piov j^Kat ttJs 7rapot/a§os], tya yivt}Tai Kai
27 to €KT05 ovtov KaOapov. Oval vpuv, ypaLifxaTtis kcu
<£>aptcratot v7roKpiTat, otlr7rapo/xota^€T€
nTacj>ois K€KOVta/X€-
vots, o?tiv€S e^uOev jxlv <f>atvovTai copatot €0"a)#ei/ Se ye-
28 [jlovo-iv ocrTeiDV veKpiov Kai 7racr7ys aKa^apcnas* ovtu>$ kol
i5/x€t? t^uiOtv filv <£atv€cr#€ Tots dv9pu>7rois StKatot, k'awOev
29 8e core fX€o~Tol v7roKptcrco)s Kat avo/uag. Oval VjJUV,
ypafXfJLaTtLS Kai <&apio~aloL viroKpiTai, otl otKoSo/xctTC tot)s
Tacfrovs t(Lv Trpocj>7)T<2v Kai KooyxetTe Tct Livrjixela twv
30 StKatW, Kai Xey€T€ Ei rjpitOa kv Tats rffiipaLS tcov 7raT€-
pa)I/ TJfAWVy OVK dv 7]fX€9a aVTW KOLV(DVol kv T(p a'lfXaTL TtoV
31 7Tp0<j>r]TU>V €l>CTT€ fJLapTVp€LT€ CaVTOt? OTl VlOl CCTT6 TCUV
32 <j)OV€V0~dvTQ)V TOVS 7Tp0cf)7]Ta<;. Kttt l5/X€L9 ^X^pWOaTC^ TO
33 [X€Tpov tujv TraT€poyv vfioiv. ot^ets yevinjfxaTa k^Bvaiv,
34 7TOJS fyvyryrt aVo t^s Kptcrcw? ttJs yeivvrjs; Std toutoriSoi)
n
eyco a7rocrT€A./\w Trpos v/xd? 7rpo^Tas Kat aocf>ov<s Kat
ypa/xaaT€ts # c^ a^Tc5v a7TOKTei/€tTC Kat crTavpcucreTC, Kat
c£ avralv p,acrTtyoJcrcT€ €V Tats crvyaywyats v/xc3v Kat
35 Stw^€T€ card 7rdX€cus ets 7rdXtv 07ra>s e/^ e^>' v/xds 7rdv
icaTocx^crarrt
Ap.
nXrjpuiaere
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56 KATA MA0GAION XXIII XXIV
atfxa StKatov eK)(yvv6fJLevov enl rrjs yfjs aVo tov ai/xaro?
Ap. A/JcX tov StKatov coo? tov aijjLCLTOS Za^apLOV vlov Bapa-
^toi;, ov Zcfaovevo-aTC p.€Ta£v tov vaov kclI tov 6vo~Lao~T7]-
vra raxha ptov. ajxrjv Xc'yca vp,tv, 7*£ctrTavra iravTaP e7rt ttjv yevedv 36
TavTrjv. 'Lepovo-aXrjjx 'icpovo-aXifp,, y aVoKTct- 37
vovaa tovs irpo^rjia^ kolI Xt0o/JoXovo-a tovs aVeoTaX/Ac-
vovs 7rpos avrrjv, — ttoo-clkls rj9£\r}o-a cTnavvayaytiv ret
TCKva croVy bv Tpoirov opvis eincrvvdyu ra voorcria \avTrj<s\
v7ro ras TTTepvyas, Kat ovk yjOeXtfo-aTt; t8ov A(f>l'eTAI ^SMN 6 38
ep-nnos OIKOC YMa3N ' • Xeyw yap i5p.iv, ov paj p.€ tS>7T€ aV apTt
ecu? av ct7rr;T€
EyAorHMeNOc 6 ep)(6M€NOC In onomati Kypioy.
Kat Z&Xdwv 6 Irjaovs airo tov Upov iiropcveTO, /cat 1
7rpocrrj\6ov ol pLa6r]Tou avTov i7n8ei£cu avVw ras otKoSopas
tov Upov' 6 Se diroKpiOels €Lirev avTols Ov /JXcVcre 2
TavYa 7raVra; djjirjv Xey<o vp.tv, ov fxyj acf>c6rj a>§€ Xt#os
C7rt XiOov os ov KaTaXv#?70-€Tat. 'K.aOrjfxivov Se avYov 3
€7Tt TOV *OpOVS TOJV 'EXatOJV TTpOCTrjXOoV GLVTlp OL fiaOTJTOL
Kar t8tW XcyovTC? EuroV rjplv 7tot€ TavYa co-Tat, /cat rt
to crrjjJLeiov Trjs crfjs 7rapovo-tas Kat avvTcXctas tov atcuvos.
/cat a7ro/cpt^€ts oe
'I^o-ovs €t7rcv avTots BXcVctc p,^ Tts 4
vp.as irXavyo-Yj' 7roXXot yap cXcvcrorrat cVt t<3 ovofiaTL 5
ftov XcyovTC? 'Eyci ctp,t o' xptoro?, Kat 7roXXovs 7rXav7;-
crovo"tv. pieXXrjcreTe $e ciKovctv 7roX€p,ovs Kat aKoas 7roXe- 6
/i<x)V opart, fir} 6potio~6e' A€l yap feisiecGAI, aXX' oviroi
ZcttLv to tcXos. erep0HC€T<M yap eONOC erri IOnoc kai 7
BAClAeiA eni BaCIA€IAN;
Kat ecrovTat Xtp.ot Kat 0"€to-/>tot
KaTa T07TOVS' TrdvTCL 8e TavTa dp)(rj wStVwv. totc 7rapa- 8
Saxrovo-tv x;p,as €ts OXtif/Lv Kat a7roKTcvovo-tv vp.a?, Kat
ecreaOc p.to-ovp,cvot vVo iravTiav twv IOvQv Sta to ovofxa
fjiov. Kat totc CKANAaAicOhcONTAI TTOAAOI Kat aXX^Xovs 10
7rapa8<jtxrovcrtv Kat fxicrrjaovo-LV aXX^Xovs* Kat 7roXXot \j/€v- n
XXIV KATA MA0OAION S7
12 hoirpo$>rJTO.i iyepOrjcrovTcu kcu irXavqcrovcriv tto\\ov$' k<xl
Sta to 7r\rj6vv6rjvaL ttjv avo/xtW xf/vyrjcrcTai rj aydirrj t<2v
i? ttoXXujv. 6 Sc i;7ro/xctVas cts tc'Aos ovtos o-co^crcTat. Kat
Kqpv^6rj(T€TaLi tovto to evayyeXiov rrjs /3ao-tActas Iv oXy
rrj oLKOvfxevrj cts fxaprvpiov ttolctlv rots ZOvtcriv, kolI totc
15 rjiet to tc'Aos. "Orav ovv . tSryrc TO BAeAyrMA THC
epHM0C)C6(j0C to prjBkv Sta AavirjX tov irpoc^rJTOV cVtos
16 6N TOTTOp Apcp, o aVaytvajo-Ka)i> voctVo), totc ot eV Tg
17 'IouSat'a, (f>€vy€T<i)crav eis1
Ta op?7, o cVt tov Sa)/xaTOS X177 gwi
18 KaTa/3a.TO) apai Ta ck t^s otKt'as auTou, Kat d cV t<3 aypa)
19 /xi; cVtcn-pei^aTa) O7TLO-0) apai to IpLaTiov avTOv. oval 8k
Tats cV yacrTpl c^ovcrais Kat Tats ^Aa^ovo'ats cV e/cctVats
20 Tats Ty/xcpats. 7rpoo-evx.€°~@€ ^€ fpa /X77 yevrjTat rj <f>vyt]
21 vfxwv ^ct/xajvos /x^Sc o~aj3/3aT(0' ccrrat yap tot€ GAiyiC
MepNAH OrA OY refONGN AH Ap)(HC KOCMOy 600C TOY
22 NyN ou8' oi? /X77 yivrjTai, Kat ct xt?) iKo\of3d)07]aav at
Tqfxipai cKctvat, ov/c aV ia^Orj iracra adp£* Sta Sc tovs
23 c/cXeKTOus KoXo/3(o6yo-ovTaL at T^xepat cVctvat. Totc car
TtS V/XtV Ct7T77 'iSoV JJSc O ^OtCTTOS 17 'HSc, /X?} 1TtCrT€VO'r]T€'
24 zytpOrjo-ovTai yap i^cuSo;(pto-TOt Kat yeyAOTTpoc^HTAI, Kat
AcOCOyCIN CHM6?A Me^AA KAl TepATA <0OT€rTrXavda6aC trAa^aat
25 ct OvvaTov Kat tovs ckAcktovs* 18ov TrpotiprjKa vplv.
26 cav our ct7ra)crti> vtay 'iSou cV Trj IprjpuD io'Tiv, [xrj ££eX-
27 6rjT€' IS01) cV Tots Ta/xctots, /xt} 7ncrT€vaY]T€' J)cr7rcp yap
07 ao'Tpairy] cfcp^cTat aVd aVaToAwv Kat <£aiVcTat cws
ovoyxtuv, outcos €0"Tat 77 irapovo~ia tov vlov tov dv6pw7rov
28 o7rov cai/ 77 to 7TT(3/xa, cKet crvva^OrjO-ovTai ot dcrot.
29 ElJ^CWS 8c XtCTCt TT7I/ 6Xilf/LV TWV 7;/XCpa)r CKCtV(OV 6 HAlOC
CKOTICOHCeTAI, KAl H C6AHNH Oy A(i>C€l TO <£fcTTOC
aythc, kai 01 ACTe'pec necoyNTAi aho toy ofpANoy,
30 KAl Al AyNAMGIC TOON OypAN<2)N CAAeyGHCONTAI. Kat
totc <j>avr}o~€Tai to arjfjitiov tov vlov tov dv0pw7rov ci>
ovpavu, Kat TOTC KO^ONTAI TTACAI A| C^yAAl THC fHC
58 RATA MAB9AI0N XXIV
**gl Qif/ovrat ton yiON toy AN0poonoy epxoMeNON emTO>N N€(})eAa)N TOY Oyp^NOy /xera &vvdfJL€<DS Kat 80^7/5
7roWrjs' Kat a7rocrT€\u tovs ayyeXovs avrov MGTA CAA'- 31
^H?s TTirrOCTMeTAAHC, Kat eniCYNAiOYCIN TOl)? ckAcktoijs av-
TOiJ GK TO>N TGCCApOON AN6M00N An AKpOON OYpAN(^N
eooc [toon] AKpooN aytoon. 'A™ Se tt;? o-vkt;s 33
/latere tt}j/ irapafioXrjv oVav tfSrj 6 kAciSos olvtyJs yevrjrai
a7raAos Kal ra <fivXXa ckc/>vt7, ytvwo~KeT€ oVt cyyvs to
6epos' ovroys /cat u/x€ts, oVaj> tSriT€ irdvra ravra, yti/ax7/ccT€ 33
ort eyyus €OTti> €7rt dvpats. afiyv Aeya> vpuv ort ov p,?} 34
TrapiXOrj 77 yevca avrrj coos [av] irdvra ravra yivrjTau. 6 35
ovparos /cat 17 yry irapeAeijo-CTat, ot Se Aoyot /xot? ov p,r;
TrapiXOwcriv. Ilcpt Se rrjs 77/zepas c/cetV^s /cat wpas 36
^4^. ouSeis otoev, ouSc ot ayycAot tow ovpavaji' ovSe o vtos,
et p,*} o irajrjp fxovos. o)0~7T€p yap at rjfxepai rov »Na>e, 37
ourojs Icrrat 7; irapovaia rov vlov rov avOpojTrov cd9 yap 3S
Tjcrav iv rats Ty/xcpat? [cKCtVats] Tats 7rpo tou KaTanXva/Aov
rpwyovTes /cat 7rtVorT€9, yap.owTCS /cat ya/xt^ovTcg, a^pt 77s
97/xepas eiCHAGeN N<i€ eiC THN KlB0OTON;
/cat oi;/c Zyvuxrav 39
ca)s t;A#€v o KaTa/cAuayxos /cat 7?p€j/ aTravTas, otjto>s carat 9;
irapovcrta rov vlov rov avQpixmov. rdre tcovrai Svo iv t<3 40
aypw, cts 7rapaAap,/3ai/€Tat Kat €t<j ac/nVrar Svo dXyjOovcrat 41
ci> to) fAvXw, fAta 7rapaXafjL/3dverai Kat p,t'a ac/uVrat. yp>7- 42
yopetTe ovv, oTt ovk otSaTC ?rota rjpepa 6 Kvpios v/xwv
cp^eiat. CKetvo Sc ytvcx7K€T€ OTt ct ^Set o olKoSwiroTY)*; 43
7rota cfrvXaKrj 6 kXIttttjs ep^cTat, iyprjyoprjcrev av Kat ovk aV
ctao"€r hiopv-^Brjvai rrjv olklolv clvtov. Sta tovto Kat vjjLtis 44
ytveaOe CTOtp<ot, oTt 77 ov 8oK€tT€ wpa o vlos rov avOpwirov
cp^CTat. Tts apa Icrriv 6 iricnos SovAos Kat c/>povt/xos 6V 45
Karia-TrfO'ev 6 Kvpios liri rrjs otKCTetas avrov rov Sou^at
aijTOts ttjv rpo<j>rjv iv KatpaJ; jLtaKaptos o ScrCAos €K€ti/os 46
ov eXOwv 6 Kvpios avrov zvprjcrei ovtus iroiovvra* dfxrjv 47
Acyw vfxlv otl C7rt irdo~iv Tots ^7rap^ot;o-ti/ avTov Karao-ny-
XXIV XXV KATA MA0GAION 59
$&ei avroi'. edv 8e elirrj /ca/cos SovXos e/ceti/os ev rrj
49 Kapoia avrov Xport£et fxov 6 Kvptos, Kal apf^rat rvirretv
tols crvvSovXovs avrov, laOirj Se /cat irivrj fxerd T(3v p,e-
50 6vOVTd)V9 Tjfet O KVpiOS TOV SovXoV €K€LVOV eV 1^fX€pa 7) OV
51 7rpocrSoKa /cat ev (Spa 77 ov ytvaxr/cet, koll Si)(OTOjX7]creL auToV
/cat to fxepos avrov fxerd twv viroKpiT&v &y\crei %e/cet tcrrai
1 o K\av9fJLos /cat 6 fipvyfxos t<j)V o&ovrtov. Tore
c/xoi(i)6r]cr€Tat 77 fSacriXeia to>v oupai/ajj/ Se/ca irapOevoi^
atrtves Xafiovcrcu ra? Xap,7raSas eai>7W e^rjXOov eh virdv-
2 T^O-tV TOl) VVjUL<j)LOVT
. TT€VT€ Se e£ aUTtol/ ^(Taj/ fXtopal KCU 4 Kal r>fc W><f»js f.
3 irevre <j>povLfxoL* at yap fjuopal Xaflovcrai rds Aap,7raSas
4 [ai;Ta)j/] ov/c eXaj3ov //,€#' eavTwv eXaiov at Se </>poVtp,oc
eXafiov eXaiov ev rots ayyetots p.era rwi/ XapLirdSo^v
5 eainw. yjpovi^ovros Se toi) vv/jlcj>lov evvcrra^av 7racrat
6 /cat eKaOevSov. fxecriqs Se vvktos Kpavyrj yeyovev 'iSou d
7 vvfJLcf>Los, e^epyecrOe eh dirdvrr]criv. Tore rjyepOrjcrav Trdcrai
at TTOLpQevoi e/cetrat /cat eKocr/xrjcrav Tas Aap,7raSa9 eavrwi/.
8 at Se /xwpat rats </>povtp,ots enrav Aore 77/xtv e/c tou eXaiov
9 v/Awv, ort at XapnrdSes tffjLwv crfiewvvrai. aTreKpiOrjcrav Se.
at (frpovL/jLOL Xeyovcrai Mt^ttotc ov p.77 apKecrrj rjplv /cat ovk
v/xtv iropevecrOe fxaXXov 7rpo? toi;? TraAowras /cat ayopa-
10 crare eavrats. airep^ofxevwy Se avrwv dyopdcrai rjXOev 6
vvfA^ios, Kal at eroLfJLOL elcrrjXOov per avrov eh tovs ya/xou?,
11 /cat eKXeicrOrj 1) 6vpa. vcrrepov Se epyovrai /cat at Xot7rat
12 irapQevoi Xeyovcrai K/upte Kvpte, dvot^ov tj/ullv' 6 Se. a7ro/cpt-
13 ^ets ctTrci/ Afxrjv Xeyu) v/xlv, ovk olSa v/xag. Yprfyopetre ovv9
14 ort ot!/c otSarc tt)v rjjxepav ovhe Trjv wpav. Oo"7T€p
yap av6pa>7T09 ot7roSr7/xwv eKaXecrev tot)s tStbvs SouAovs Kal
15 irapeStoKev a^rots ra VTrdp^ovra avrov, Kal a> p-er cowkcj/
irevre rdXavra ca Se 8^0 w 8e eV, e/cacrrci) /cara r?J^ tStav
16 Swap,tv, Kat direSrjpaqcrev. evOeuts rropevOets o ra 7re^Te
TaXavTa Xaf3uv rjpydo-aro ev avroh koX eKepSrjcrev aAAa
Jg ftevTe- cucravrwsT
d ra Svo eKepSrfcrev dXXa Svo- o Se tc) Kat
60 RATA MA0GAION XXV
iv Xaj3d)V i-ireXOwv wpv^ev yrjv kolI €KpV{f/€V to dpyvptov
TOV KVpiOV CLVTOV. fl€T(X Sc TToXw XPW°V *PX€T0LL O KVpLOS 19
TWV SovX(i)V CKetVCOV KCU CTVVaLp€L XojOV /ACT CLVTWV. KCLL 20
irpocreXOwv 6 rd 7T€vr€ TaXavra Xa/Jtov 7rpoa"qv€yK€v aXXa
irivTt raXavra Xcywv Kupte, tt€vt€ raXavra jjlol irapi-
Sio/cas* tSe aXXa 7r€VT€ raXavra cKtphrjcra. Icjuf] avra) d 21
Kvpios olvtov Ev, SouXc aya#€ kolI 7tl(tt€, iirl dXtya ^5
7TIOTOS, €7rt 7roXXc3v ere Karao-r^o-ar cto-cX^e cts r^v ^apav
TOV KVpLOV (TOV, TrpOO~tX6(S)V K(Xl G TO. $VO TaXaVTCJL Ct7T€V 23
Kvpte, 8vo raXavra p.ot TrapcStoxas* tSe aXXa Svo raXavra
€K€p07]cra. e<prj avru> o Kuptos avTov ±L.v, oovA€ ayat7€ Kat 23
irt<rTbs^s Trtorc, €7ri oXtyar7^9 7rto"ros
n, C7rt 7roXXa>v ere KaTacrTrjao)'
€tO"cX#e els rrjv ^apav roG Kvpiov crov, irpocreXOwv Sc Kat 24
o ro ev raXavrov ciXt/^xos ct7rcv Kuptc, eyvwv o~€ ort
CKXrypos €t avi9pa)7ro5, #€ptfo)V oirov ovk tcnreLpas Kat crvvd-
ya>v d#cv ov 8tcc^K0p7^tc^as• Kat <f>o/3r)0€LS aVcX^wv tKpvij/OL 25
to raXai'rov o~ov Iv rrj yrj* tSe *X€6S T0 °~ov' airoKpideis 26
8e d Kvptos avrov €t7rcv avru> IIov^pc SovXc Kat OKvrjpi,
T^Scts ort #ept£a> o7rov ovk €0"7T€tpa Kat o~uvayo) d0cv ou
Stco^KopTrtcra ; cSct ere ovv fiaXeiv ra apyvpia fiov rots 27
Tpa7T€^ctrats, Kat cX#a>v cyw iKOfiio-djJirjv av ro c/xov ot5v
toko), apart ovv oV avroC ro raXavrov Kat Sore ra) 23
cf^ovrt ra 8eKa raXavra* tw yap c^ovrt 7ravrt So^crcTat 29
Kat 7r€pio~o~€v9rjo-€Tai' rov 8c /at) c^ovros Kat o l^ct dpOyj-
acrat a7r avrov. Kat rov a^pctov SovXov €K/?aXcrc cts ro 30
(Tkotos to c^wrepov CKCt Icrat o kXolvO/aos Kat o fipvyfAos
twv dSovrwv. "Orav 8e eA0H rtos rov av^pa>- 31
?rov cv rig 80^ avrov Kat TTA'nT6C 01 Arr^AOl M6T AYTof,
rdre Ka6io-€i kiri Opovov Sdfr/s avrov, Kat o~uva^^rycrovrat 32
ejjL7rpocr6€V avTov iravra ra l^vr;, Kat a<£opto~ct avrovs
a7r' aXX^Xcov, wcrTrep d iroip.rjv dcf>opc^€L ra 7rpo/3ara a7ro
T<3v ipi<f>wv, Kat o"r>yo'€t ra p,ev 7rpd/5ara ck Scftwv 33
avrov ra 8e epicj>ia i£ €vu)vvfMi)v. tot€ epct d /3a- 34
XXV XXVI KATA MA09AION 6
1
aiXcvs toIs Ik qz^kZv q,vrov AerVe* ot €vXoyqpJ.vOi TOV
7rarpos /xov, KXrjpovopur]crave irjv rjToipLacrpLevrjv vpuv /3a-
35 criXctav aVo KaTa/3oXrjs KocrpLov €7retVacra yap Kat e8oj/caT€
pot <£ayetv, iSiij/rjaa kolL €7TOTtcraT€ p,€, £cyos rjpaqv Kat
36 crvvrjydyeTe fie, yr/xvos Kat 7repte/3aA.€Te /xe, rjcrOivycra /cat
€7rco"K€i^ao"^e /xe, ei/ cfrvXaKrj rjpiqv Kat rjXOaTe irpos /xc.
37 tot€ diroKpiBrjcTovTCLi arret) ot Stxatot Xeyovres Krptc, 7tot€
ere etSa/xcv 7T€tywvra Kat eOpeij/apLcv, y Stxj/wvTa kcu Ittotl-
38 cra/xev; 7tot£ Se ere etSa/xev ^eVoi/ Kat crvvrjyayo/xev, i)
39 yvfivov Kat 7repte/3a/Vo/xej/ ; 7tot€ Se ce etSo/xev dcrOevovvTa
40 ?; cv (fivXaKTJ /cat rjXOopicv itpos ere ; Kat a7TOKpt#€ts d /2a-
ovAers cpet auTots A/jltjv Xeyoi vpuv, icj> ocrov iTroirjerare
£vl rovTtJV tujv dSeXcfxZv piov t<2v IXayicrroiV, i/iol kirovf]-
41 caxc. totc epet Kat tois e£ evoivvpnav HopevecrOe a7r' e/xor
K(LTr)pafJL€VOL CtS TO TTUp TO attoJ/tOI/ TO 7]T0tp.aCTpieV0V^ T(3 ^/« [ -i >?TOi>a-
tapoAa) Kat Tots ayyeAots auToir eircivacra yap Kat
ot;k eSajKare /xot <£aycu/, [Kat] eStt/r/icra Kat orK iiroTtcraTe
43 /*** £eyos t^/xtii/ Kat or crvvrjyayeri /xe, yr/xi/o? Kat or 7T€pt-
efidXeTi /xe, dcrOwrjs Kat eV cfrvXaKrj Kat orK eVeo-Ke't/'acr^e
44 /xe. totc diroKptOricrovTCU Kat arrot AeyovTes Kr'pte, Trdre
o"€ etSo/xev ireivQvra rj Saj/(2vra 7] ^ivov ?/ yrp,voV 77 dcrBevrj
45 77 eV cfrvXaKrj Kat or 8t77K0V77cra/xeV cot; totc aVoKpt^creTat
arrots Xeyiiiv 'A/xt}]/ Ae'yco r/xtr, ec/> oo"oy orK €7rotr;craT€
46 eVt TorTcoi/ tojv eXa^icrTa)V, orde e/xoi, eVo^'craTe. Kat aVe-
Aer'owrat OYTOI 6SC Ko'Xacrti/ AldoNION, 01 Ae AlK&IOI 6IC
ZCjOHN AICjoNION.
i KAI ErENETO ore iriXeaev 6 'I^o-ors 7ravras Tors
2 Aoyors Torrorg, et7rev Tots /xaOrjTOLS arror OtSare oTt
/xera 8ro 77/xepas to 7racr^a ytVerat, Kat o rtos Tor dvOpii-
3 7ror TTapaStSorat cts to crravpiiiOrjvai. Tdre crri/?j-
5
62 KATA MA09AION XXVI
^Orjcrav ol dp^iepels kcll ol 7rpeo~/SvTepoi tov Xaov els rrjv
avXrjv tov ap^tcpeca? tov Xeyofievov Katac/>a, Kat crvvefiov- 4
XevaavTO Iva tov 'irjcrovv SdAa) Kparyjawcrtv Kat aVoKTet'-
voia-LV eXeyov Se Mr} iv rrj toprrj, Iva jxr) 66pv/3os yevrj- 5
rat iv tco Xaw.L L
Tov Se 'Irjcrov yevofxevov Iv 'BrjOavta Iv 01/aa ^i/mdvos 6
rov XcwpoVy 7rpoo~r)X6ev glvtu) yvvrj e^ovcra aXa/3ao"Tpov 7
fJLVpOV fSapVTLfJLOV KOLl KOLT€)(€€V €7Tt T^S K€<f>aXrjs CLVTOV
avaKetjxevov. tSdrres Se ot p.a8r)Tal rjyavaKTrjcrav XeyovTes 8
Eis Tt r] aVwAeta ai/ny; eSvj/aro yap tovto 7rpa0rjvat 7roX- 9
Aou kcu 8o9fjvcu 7rra)^ot?. yvous Se o 'Irjcrovs eiirev avTols 10
Tt K07rov<s irapeyeTe ttj yvvaiKt; epyov yap KaXov rjpya-
craro els ifie- irdvTOTe yap tovs 7ttu>xovs e^ere jxeO* eav- n
rcov, ifxe Se ov ttovtotc e^ere* /3aXovaa yap avrrj to fxvpov 12
TOVTO eVt TOV (TW/XaTOS fJLOV 7TpO? TO eVTacjitacrat fJL€ €17017}-
crev. dfJLTjv Xeyu) vjjuv, ottov iav Krjpv^Ofj to evayyeXiov 13
tovto Iv oXdp tw Koo-fXiOy XaXrjBrjcreTat Kal o €7roL7jcrev avrrj
els jjlvtjjxoo-vvov avrrjs. Tot€ T7opev6els els twv 14
ScJSe/ca, 6 Xeyofxevos 'IouSas 'icrKapUDTYjs, 77pos tovs dp^te-
pels eL7T€V Tt OeXeTe jiol Sovvat Kayd) vjjuv 7rapa8ajcra) 15
araTripash avTOv; Ol Ae 6CTHCAN aura) TpiAKONTArApr7pi^. Kat 16
oVd toT€ etpfjTet evKaipiav Iva avTOV 7rapaSa>.
Tfj Se 7rpu>TYj tiov d^vjjitov itpoo~r}XQov ol fJiaOrjTal tw 17
'Irjaov XeyovTes Tlov 6eXeis eYotttacrttjaeV orot cjyayeZv to
7ra(T^a; d Se et/reve
Y7rayer€ ets t^f ttqXw irpos tov Set^a 18
Kat ctVare avrw 'O 8tScfo"KaXos Xeyet 'O Kaipos [jlov
iyyvs Icttlv irpos ere 7rotc3 rd 7racr^a peTa twv fxaOrjTwv
jjlov. /cat eiroirjcrav ol fJLaOrjTal <Js crvvera^ev avTols 6 19
I^croi;?, /cat rjTOifxacrav to Trdcrya. 'O^tas Se 20
yevofjLevrjs dveKetTO /xera twv 8aj8e/ca [tta^Tyraji/]. Kat 21
io~6iovT(DV avTiov eiirev A/xrjv Xeyw vjjuv otl els e$ vjjlwv
TrapaScocret tte. Kat X^7rou/xei/ot crc/)dSpa rjp^avTO XeyeLV 22
avrw ets f/caoTOS Mifrt eyw et/xt, Kvpie; 6 8e a7TOKpt^ets 23
XXVI KATA MA9GAI0N 63
€t7T€l> '0 iuPdlj/aS fl€T IflOV TTjV X^Pa *V T(? Tpvf3Xii0
24 ovtos /x€ TrapaStocrec o jxev vtos tov avOpwirov virdyu
kcl9(x)S yiypairrai irepl olvtov, ovoll Se tw dvOpcirna €K€tVo>
Si' ou o i;to5 too; aV0po)7rou TrapaStSoTar KaXoV rjv airro) €t
25 ovk iy€vv7]8r] 6 dv6po)7ro<s €K€tvo5. a7TOKpt#€t5 Se 'lo^Sa? o
irapaSiSovs avrov eirrev M.rjTi lyu> ct/u, pa/3/3ei; Xeyet
26 a-urw Si) €t7ra9. 'Ecr^tovrwv Se auToSr Xa/Jojy
6 'Irjaovs aprov Kal evXoytjcas 1/cA.acrej/ /cat 801)5 rots
/JL(x6r]T(US €t7T€V Aa/?€T€ c/>ay€T€, TOVTO €0~TtV TO croj/za
27 jaov. Kat Xa/3o)V irorrfpiov [/cat] ev^aptcTyjcra^ e'Sw/cei/ av-
28 rot? Xeyo)v IIt€T€ c£ auTov 7ravT€5, touto yap eoTti> TO
AIM& /XOU THC AIA0HKHC TO 7TCpt 7ToXXo)y iK^VVVO/XCVOV €t5
29 dcpeav dfLapTLwv Xe'yo) Se i;/xtv, 01; /zt} 7rto) dir apTt €K tou-
TOV TOV y€V7]jJLG.T0<S T7]S a///7T€Xot> €0)5 T^5 T]fJL€pa<S €K€LV7]^
OTav q-Jto 7rtVa) ju,€#' v/xc3v KatvoV cv rrj jBaciXeia rev
30 7raTp05 jjlov. Kal vfAvijcavres i£fjX6ov €t5 to
31 *0p05 twj/ 'EXatdov. Totc Xeyet airot5 o I^crovs
IIavT65 i5/zet5 cncai/SaXto'iyT/crccr^e cv e/xot iv rrj vvktl
tolvtt], yiypcenrai yap TTataIoo TON TT0IM6NA, KAI AlA-
32 CK0pniC9HC0NTAI TA npc3ATA THC TTOIMNHC /JLCTa Se TO
33 iy€p6fjvCLL /X€ 7Tpod£o) l5/X(Z5 €15 T^ TaXtXatW. a7TOACpt^€t5
Se o Il€Tpo5 €t7r€i/ avT<3 Et 7rdvT€<s o-KavSaXta-^'croi'Tat eV
34 crot, cyoj ouSeVoTe cKav$aXic97]o~ofJLai. cc/>^ avTw o* 'I?7o-oi;5
'Afxrjv Xeyo) crot otl iv ravTij rrj vvktl irpiv aXeKTOpa cjxDvrj-
35 crat Tpt5 d7rapvrj<jrj /xe. Xcyet avTo) o Xlerpos KaV 8«7
/xe crvv col olttoOaveiv, cv fxrj ce a7rapvr)cofJLai. o/xota)5
Kat 7ravT€5 ol fiaOrjTal eTirav.
36 Totc €px€Tat /act avTwv o I^crovs €t5 x^piov Xeyojitvov
TtOcrjjJLaveL, Kal Xiya tol5 /xaOrjTai^ 'KaOCcare avrov ea>5
37 [ov] aTreX^oji' €K€t TTpocev^iDjxaL. Kal 7rapaXaf3ojv rov
IleTpov Kat tovs Svo viovs ZefoSaiov rjp^aro XviruaOai Kai
33 a8^/xovctv. Tore Xcyet avrots TTepiAyndc 6CTIN H YYXH'
MOY €0)5 Oavdrov /xeiVaT€ olSe Kat yp-qyoptire U€T Ifxov.
64 KATA MA00AION XXVI
irpotrzkBuiv Kat efrecTGv eiri 7rpocra)7rov
eintoV. it aAt v tore
yap
avrov 39TTpOeXOlilV^ jXLKpoV
irpoaev^opievos Kat Xeyov IlaTcp fxovy
el Svvarov ecrTM
7rapeX6aT(j) aw epuov to worrjptov tovto* wXrjv ov^ o5s cyca
OeXoy aXX a>s crv. kcu epyerai 7rpos tovs fxaOrjTois Kat 40
cvpicrKei olvtovs KadevSovras, Kat Xeyei rco Jlerpo) Ourcos
ovk tcr^vcraTC /xtav wpav yprjyoprjcraL puer e/xov; yp^yopctrc 41
Kat wpoo-evyecrOe, tva jjltj elo-eXOrjre eU wecpacrfxov to pXv
wvevfxa wpoOvpuov Tj Se o~dp£ dcrOevrjs. wdXiv Ik hevTepov 42
a7re\0aV wpocrrjv^aro [Xeycov] Ilarep p.or, ct ov Swarat
tovto wapeXOeiv lav firj avTG 7rta), yevrjdrJTO) to OeXrjjJLa
crov. Kat eXOuv wdXiv evpev avrovs Ka6ev8ovTas} rjcrav 43
yap avTwv ol d<£#aX/xot /3e/3apr)p,evoL. Kat dcfaels avTous 44
7raXtv aVcX^oJv wpoo~rjv^aTO Ik rpirov tov avrov Xoyovvelw<j)V itdXiv. Tore ep^erai 7rpos tovs p.a8r)ra<s Kat Xeyet 45
airots Ka^eixkre Xot7rov Kat dvawaveaQe* iSovT^yyt-
kcv 77 wpa Kat d vtds roi) dvOpdwov wapaScSorat cts ^etpag
a/xaprooXajv. eyetpeaOe dyoyjxev tSou TjyyiKev o wapaSi- 46
Sous /xc. Kat ert auTOu XaXowTOs tSou 'IouSas 47
ets tw SaxScKa ^X0ev Kat /xer avrov o^Xos ttoXvs fierd
jxa^aipiov Kat fvXwv aVo twv apyiepeuv Kat wpea/3vTepu)v
tov Xaov. 6 Se 7rapaStSovs avrov eSa)KCV avrots orrjfxeiov 48
Xeywi/ *Ov dv <j>lXtJo~(x) avrds ecrnv KpaTrjaare avrov.
Kat €v#€a>s wpoaeXOwv ra> 'Ltycrov ct7T€V Xatpe, pa/3/3et' 49
Kat Kare<j>tXyjcrev avrov, 6 Se 'I^crovs €t7T€V avVa) 'Eratpe, 50
c<£' 6 wapei. Tore wpocreXOovTes ewe/SaXov ras ^etpas €7rt
tov 'I^o-ovv Kat iKpaT7]o~av ai;70^. Kat tSoi) cts twv /x€Ta 51
'Irjcrov €KT€tVas ttJv XeWa d7r£cnracrev ttjv fid^atpav avrov
Kat TraTafa? tov SovXov tov ap^tcpea)? acpctXcv avrov to
wrtov. tot€ Xcyct aww d 'I^o"oi;s Kwoo'Tpex^ov tyjv 52
p.d)(aipdy aov els tov tottov avrrjs, irdvres yap ol XafiovTes
fxa^atpav ev \LayaipnQ diroXovvTai* r) SoKets oTt ov Svva/xat 53
wapaKaXecrai tov irarepa fiov, Kat 7rapao"T>yo"et /xot aprt
7rX€ta) Sa'SeKa Xeytwvas ayyeXwv; 7rc3s ovv irXrjpwOwo-iv at 54
XXVI RATA MAB9AI0N 65
55 ypa<j>a\ on ovtcds Set yeviaOac ; *Ev eKeivrj rfj wpa sl-ev
6 'Irjcrovs rots o\\ol^ 'O? eVt Xrjcnrjv i^Xdare /xera
/xa^atpwv koI £vXu>v o~iAAa/3eu/ p,e; Ka0' rj^ipav eV tu
56 tepa) iKaOet.ofJirjv StSao-Kcov kolL ovk iKpaTrjcrari /xe. Tovto
Se oXov yiyovev tva TrXrjputOtocriv at ypacfaal rd>v 7rpo(f>r]T(jJV. •
Tore ot /LLaOrjraiT
ttolvtzs d<t>£vTes olvtov €<j>vyov. °-vtw
57 Ot Se KpaT7]<ravT€S rov 'Irjcrovv dwrfyayov Trpos Kata-
</>ai/ ror ap^tepe'a, oirov ot ypa/x/xaTets /cat ot 7rpecr/3uT€poi
58 crvvrj)(6r]crav. 6 Se IleTpos tjkoXovOzi aura) [aVo] ixai<p6$€V
ca)9 ttJs avXfjs rov ap>(tepea)s, /cat ctceX^wi/ ecra) £i<d.9r]TO
59 /xcra Twr virrjptTuv tSetv to tcXos. 01 Se ap^tepets /cat to
crvviSptov oXov ItpfjTovv i^eaJSo/xapTuptW Kara tou 'iTyo-ou
60 07rws outoV ^avaTwcrcocrti/, /cat of^ eupoi> 7roXX<2v TrpocreX-
Oovroiv iJ/cvSoiJiapTvpo)v. vcrrepov Se 7rpoo"eA.^ovT€s Suo
61 et7rai/ Ovto? €(prj AiW/xat /caTaAOo-at toV vaov rov 6tov
62 /cat Sta Tptwv yjfjicpiov ot/coSo/x^aat. /cat aVacrras 6 ap^te-
pevs et7rev olvtu) OuSev diroKpLvrj ; Tt ovtol o~ov /caTa/xap-
63 TVpowtv; o Se I^o-ors eo-taj7ra. /cat ap^iepevs €t7rei/
ai>T<z> 'Efop/ct£to o~e /caTa tot; #eou tot; £aWos tVa 77/xti/
64 et7r7ys et av et d xptoros ° vtds tov 0eo{>. Aeyet auT<3
o I^o-ovg 2v ret7ras^ 7tXt]v Ae'ya) vplv, air dpri oif/saOe elvasi
ton yioN Toy ANGpoanoy kaGhmgnon gk AgIioon
thc Aynamgooc kai ep^oMGNON en) toon N€(j)eAa>N
65 TOY OYp^NOy. Tore o ap^tepei;? oteprj^ev ra t/xaTta
a^Toi; Xiymv5
E/3/\ao"c/>7y/x^o"ei/ # Tt ?Tt ^(petai/ e^o/xei/ /xap-
66 T-upwv; tSe vrv >y/<oi;craTe tt}v j3Xacrcl)7]fMav* 7L vjjllv So/<et;
67 ot Se diroKpiOivTzs tnrav Ero^os Oavdrov Icttlv. To'tc
iviiTTVcrav et? to 7rpoo-Q)7rov olvtov kcli €KoXdcf>Lcrav olvtov,
68 ot Se ipdiricrav Xeyovrzs Upo<^rjT€Vcrov tf/Juv, XP i<JT*> Tt'
5
69 eo"Tti/ d Tratcras ce; *0 Se IIerpos iKaOrjro e£co
ei/ t^ a^A^ # /cat TrpoarjXOtv avT<3 /xta iraihio-K-q Xeyovcra
70 Kat cru rjo-8a fxcrd 'Irjaov rov TaXcXaiov o Se rjpvrjcraTO
71 e/x7rpocr^ev irdvrojv Ae'ya>i> Oi;/< oTSa Tt Aeyets. e^eA^oVra
66 RATA MA09AION XXVI XXVII
€ ets tov 7rvAtova etocv ax>rov aAA?7 KaL Aeyet rots e/cet
Outos rjv xtem 'I^crou tou Na^copatof Kat ?raAti> yjpvyj- 72
o"aro /xera opKov otl Ovk otSa tov av6po)7rov. /xera tit- 73
Kpoi/ Se 7rpocreA^oi/TCS ot Iotojtcs ctirov t<3 Ilerpo) AXt;-
3oj*oift£et!- #£5 /<at ot) e£ olvtiov et, kcli yap 7] AaAta crovr&fjX6v
ere 7rotetn#
tot€ yp^aro KaTa#e/xaTt£eii/ koll ojjlvvclv otl 74
Ovk otSa toi/ avOpwirov. /cat ei!#i)s aAeKTcop tcfyuvrjo-ev
koI ifxvrjcrOr] o IIcTpos roi; pharos I770-OU etp^KoVos otl 75
Ilpti/ aXeKTopa <}>u)vrjo~aL rpts dirapvyjo-rj /xe, Kat ££e\6a)V
€^0) ?KXavo-€V 7rtKpa>s.
Ilpcotas Se yevofjiivrjs ctv/jl/SovXiov e'Aa/?ov 7ravT€S ot 1
ap^tepets Kat ot Trpea/JuTepot tov Aaoi; /cara roi; I>yo"ov
wore #avaTtocrat airroV* Kat S^cravTes axVcV dirrjyayov Kat 2
HlloiTtipi- 7rapeSa)KavT
IletAorta T(3 ^ye/xovt. Tore tScoi/ 3
«wipa§iSovs 'IouSas 6r7rapaSoxV avroV ort KaT€Kpi6rj /xeTa/xeA^0ets
ecTTpeif/ev Ta TptaKOVTa apyvpia rots ap^cepevenv Kat 7rpe-
a^aov cr/3vT€pois Aeya)V "H/xaprw 7rapaSoi;s at/xar8iKaLov
1
. ot 4
e CL7rav It ?rpos "ty/xas ; crv oxf/rj. Kat pL\f/a<s ra apyvpea 5
ets to;/ i/aor ave^ujprjerev, Kat a7reA0a$v aV?7y£aT0. Ot 6
oe ap^tepets Xa/36vT€<$ Ta apyvpia et7rav Ovk e^eorti/
/?aActv axVa ets toi/ Kopfiavdv, eVct Tt/x?) at/xaTOS ccrrtv
crvfxfiovXiov Se XafiovTCs yyopaaav e£ auTwv toV 'AypoV 7
tov Kepa/xetos eis Ta<prjV Tots £eVot$. Sto IkXtjOy) 6 aypos 8
eK€ti/os Aypos At/xaTos ecus t?Js cryfiepov. ToVe eVA^- 9
^/. pa)6^77 to pyjOlv Sta 'Iepe/xtou tou irpo^rjTOV XiyovTos
KaI eAABON TA TpiAKONTA ApfYpiA, THN TIMHN TOY
T6TIMHMeN0Y on gtimhcanto Ano YIOON 'IcpAHA, KAI 10
eSw-ea '"eAOOKAN"' AYTA €IC TON ArpON TOY KepAMeOOC, KA0^
CYN6TA±eN MOI KypiOC. '0 Se 'iTycrovs Zo-TaGr) nkfnrpocrOev tov ^ye/xoVos* Kat i7rr]pwT7]o~cv ovtov 6 yyejAuiv
Aeywv Si; €t o fiao-iXevs t<jjv 'IovSatW ; o 8e 'I^o-ovs
avTal. I
Aeyets; €c/>^ 2v rA€yets.
nKat eV tw KaT7jyop€icr8aL avTov V7rd 12
tcuv ap^tcpecov /cat 7rp€o~j3vT£pa>v ovSlv a7T€KptVaro. Tore 13
XXVII KATA MAG0AION 67
Xeyet avTiD 6 IletXaros Ovk aKOvets 7r6(Ta crov Kara/xap-
14 Tvpovaiv; kcu ovk direKpiOrf aurw 7rpds ovoe eV prjfia, aScrre
15 Oavfjid^ew 70V tyyefiova Xiav. Kara Se koprrjv elwOet
16 6 rjytfjusiv aVoXaJetv eva ra> o^Xa) Se'cr/xtoi/ bv rjueXov. et^oi/
17 Se totc Se'cr/xtov lirio-qiiov Xeyojxcvov Bapa/3/3aV. crw?^ ^y/xeVcov ovv avTwv et7rev avrots d IletXaros TtVa 0eXere
diroXvaa) vjxlv, [rov] Bapa/3/3aV ry I^croOv roi' Xeyo/xevov
i3 Xptcrrdv; rJSet yap ort Sta <pOovov 7rapeSa)Kav a^roy.
19 KadrjfjLevov Se avrov eVt rov /^/xaros a7reo-retXei/ 7rpds
avrov 77 yvi/77 avrov Xeyovca M^Sev o~ot /cat ra> StKata>
eKetW), 7roXXa yap eiraOov cnjficpov kolt ovap St avrov.
20 Ot Se dp^tepets Kat 01 7rpeo-/3vrepot eVetcrav rovs o>(Xovs
tva atr^o-wvrat rov Bapa/3/3av rov Se 'I770-OVV a7roXecrtocriv.
21 aVoKpt^ets Se d yyefxwv et7rev avrots Ttva 0eXere aVd
raSv Svo aVoXvo-a) v/xtv; ot Se et7rav Toy Bapa/3/3av,
22 Xeyet avrots d IletXaros Tt ovv Troirjcrui 'I^crovv rov Xeyd-
23 /xevov Xptcrrov; Xeyovcrtv Travres ^ravpuiOrjTOi. 6 Se e^yy
Tt yap /caKoV eVotryo-ev; cl Se 7repto"o"(os eKpa£ov Xeyovres
24 ^TavpioOrjTOi. tSwv Se d IletXaros ort ovSev a3<£eXet aXXa
fidXXov Oopvfios ytverat Xa/3cov vSwp aTreVtt^aro ras ^etpasrKarevavrt
nrov o\Xov Xeyeov A0o3ds et/xt aVd tot; at/xa- aVeVai/rt
25 ros rovrov v/xets oij/ecrOe. kolI aVoKpt^ets 7ras d Xads toO Sikcu'ov
eiirev To at/xa avrov ec£ 17/xas Kat eVt ra reKva 77/xtoV.
26 rdre aVeXvo-ev avrots rov Bapa/?/3aV, rov Se 'l?;o-ovv <£pa-
yeXXworas 7rapeSa)Kev tva o-Tavp(i)6yj.
27 Tore ot o-rpartwrat rov 7^ye/xdyo5 7rapaXa/5oVres rd^
I^couy ets ro Trpatrwptov avvrjyayov eV avrov 0X^1/ r^y
28 cnreLpav. KatreKSi;o-avres
na-urdv ^XajivSa kokklvyjv irepii- ivSvaavTts
29 Otjkclv aura), Kat TrXefavres crri^avov i£ dKav6(2v i7ri6rji<av
C7rt rTy? KtcjxiXfjs avrov Kat kclXol/jlov Iv rfj Sefta avrov, Kat
yowTrer^o-avres ejJLirpoo~6ev avrov eVeVat&v ai5rw Xiyov-
30 res Xatpe,r/3ao-iXev
nrwv IouSatcov, Kat i/JL7TTvo~avT€s ets 6 /3a<nAevs
avrdr cXafiov tov KaXa/xoy Kat eru7rrov ets r?;v K€cf>aXr}v
68 KATA MA09AION XXVII
avrov. Ka\ ore everraiizav avTO)y
e^eSvcav avrov tt)v 31
)(XafxvSa kolL eve&vcrav avrov ra Ifxdrta avrov, Kal aV^ya-
yov avrov els to crravpuo'ai. ^Yi^epypfxevot Se 32
-j ci? dnavTriariv evpov avOpunrov KvprjvaLovToVo/xan ^LfAwva* tovtov rjyyd-
pevcrav iva ap# to^ crravpov avrov. Kal eA^oVrcs cts to- 33
irov Xeydfxevov ToXyodd, o ecrrtv Kpavtov ToVos Xeyo/xe-
Ap. vos, eAGOKAN avrdo ni6?N OINON fiera )(OAHC fiefjuyjievov 34
Kal yeucra/xeyos ovk -qdeX-qcrev mew. CTTavpwcravTes Se 35
iSaAdvrcs| ^/. avrov Al6M6piCANTO TA IMATIA avTOV '"BAAAONTec"
1
KAfipON,
/cat KaOy/xevot erypovv avrov c/cei. Kal hziQt]Kav €7rdVa)g 7
ttJs KC<pa\rjs avrov rrjv airLav avrov yeypaufxevrjv OYTOSE2TIN IH20Y2 O BA2IAEYS TON IOYAAION.
Ap. Tore o-ravpcvvTaL crvv avr<2 Suo Xycrrai, cts £k Se^iwv Kal 38
els i£ cvwvvjJLwv. Ol Se Traparropevoixevoi ef^Xacr^rjixovv 39
avrov KINOYNT6C TAC Ke(()AAAC AyTOON Kal Xeyovres 'O 40
KaraXvayv rov vadv Kal iv Tpccrlv ^/xepais otKoSo/xwi/, crwaov
OcoO el creavrov el vlosret tov 6eov^, KCLTafirjOi azro rov aravpov.
o/jlolws [*al] gl ap^tepets i[X7rat^ovr€<; fiera T(2v ypa/AjnarcW 41
Kal 7rpccr(3vT€p(x)v eXeyov "AAAous ecrucrev, eavrov ov Svva- 42
rat <Ta)c^at• fiacnXevs 'Icpa^A Icttiv, Karaf3dru> vvv diro
rov crravpov Kal mcrrevcroiJLev eir avrov. TT6TTOI06N em 43
Ty 6>ewrTON GedisT, pycAcOoo NiyN ei GeAei AyTON* €t7rc^ yap 6tl
®eov ei/u fto?. to 8* avro Kal ol XrjcrTal ol crvvcrravpo}- 44
Sevres crvv avTio wvecSi^ov avrov. Airo oe 45
Ap. tKrrjs upas ctkotqs eyeveTO errl rracrav tyjv yrjv cos wpas
evdrrjs. rrcpl Se rrjv evdrrjv wpav e/3orjcrev o Irjcrovs <j>(i)vfj 46
H'HXetTjAet Aa/uta jxeydXy Xeywvri
EA(jOl' eAooi A6MA CABA)(0ANer;
Tovr cartv Wee: Moy Gee Moy, ina ti Me erKATeAinec;
Tives Se rwy e/cei ecrr^Korcav aKorcravTC? eXeyov on 47
'HActav c/>a)V€L ovtos. Kat ev6ea)s Spafxwv els ef ai;r(3v Kal 48
Xaf3u)v criToyyov rrXrjcras re Oloyc Kal rrepidels KaXdpua
ZXeyov 6nOTIZ6N avrov. of. 8e XoL7rolfelirav ' 'Ac/>cs tSw/xei/ ct 49
epXerai 'HAetas o-wcrwi/ a^rdv. [[aAAos Se Xa/3wv Xoyfflv
XXVII RATA MA90AION 69
cw£ev avrov rrjv 7rAei>paV, kcll i^rjXOev vBcop kcu alp.a.]j
50 o Se 'Itjctovs 7rdXw Kpa£a? cfrtovr) jmeyaXr) acfirJKcv to irvevpia,
51 Kcu tScu to KaraTriracrfxa rov vaov icr^tcrOrj [aV] avtaOev
etos Kara) eis cvo, Kat 77 yfj ecreLO-Or], kcll at Trerpat ia^taOr]'
52 crav, Kat ra fivrjfxeLa aveto^Orjcrav kclL 7roAAa crtofxara tw33 K€KotjJLrjfJiivLov aytW TjyepOrjcrav, kclL s£e\66vT€<s Ik tQv
fjLvrjfjietLov jjierd rt]v eyepo-tv avrov tlcrrjXOov els rrjv ayLav
54 7t6Xlv koll ZvecjxivLo-OrjcrcLV 7roAAots. 'O Se eKCLTovTapxos
KOLL Ot /X€t' aVTOTJ T?7pOWT€S TOV I^Q-OW tSoi/T€5 TOV O-etCT/AoV
Kat ra yivofJLeva iifiofirjOrjcrcLV crc/>o8pa, Ae'yov~es 'AAtt^ws
55r0eoi) vlo<f' tjv ovtos, Hcrav Se Ikzl yuvatKeg 7roAAat oVo
fjLOLKpoOtv Oecopovcrai, atrtve? rjitoXovdrjcrav tw 'I^o-oO aVo
56 TT7? FaAtAatas StaKOi'ouo'at avrto' iv ats 77VrMapta"
1
rj
MaySaXrjvrj kclL Mapta 77 too; 'IaKco/3oi> Katr'Itoo">)(/) ' pLrjrrjp
kou 77 fJL7]Trjp rtov vlwv Ze/JeSatov.
57 'Oi^tas Se yevofxivr]^ rjXOcv avOpuiTros 7r\ovcrio<; arro
'Apt/xa#atag, rowop Iwcrrjcfy, 6s /cat aurosr£(JLa67]T€vOrj^ rio
58 'iTyo'oir ovtos 7rpocreX0tov rc3 IletAaTti) yryjcraro to atojuca
59 tou 'I^o-otj. ToYe d IletAaYos iKeXtvcrev aTroSoOrjvaL. kol
Xafiwv to o-co/jta o 'Icoor^c^ eVeTuAtfer aum [eV] crtvSoVt
60 KaOapa, koll eOrjKev avro ev r<2 kcllvlo avrov jjlv71jul€lco 6 eAa-
TOfJirjcrev Iv rrj TTtTpa, Kat Trpoo-KuAtcras XtOov jmeyav rrj
61 0upa tou fJLvrjfxeiov d-jrrjXOev. *Hr 8e c/cet Mapta//. 7;
MaySaA^VT; Kat 77 (XAA77 Mapta Ka9y]fJL€vaL airivavn rov
62 rd<f>ov. Tfj SI kiravpiov, tJtls IcttXv //.em ttjv
irapacTKevrjV, crvvrj^Orjcrav ot ap^tcpets Kat ot ^apicralot
63 7rpos rEetAaTor AeyovTC? Kvptc, ifJivyjaOrjixev otl eKCtvos
o TrAdVos CL7rev en ^cov Mem Tpet? T^/xepa? eyetpo/xat*
64 KeAevo-oi/ ow dacfiaXicrOfjvaL rov rdcfiov ecus t^s TptTrjs
rjjjLepas, pa] 7rore IXOqvtcs ot fJLaOrjralT
KXiil/coaiv avrov
Kat enrcoo'LV Tcp Aaco HyipOrj airo tlqv veKptov, Kat ecrTat
65 77 icr^drrj TrXavrj ^tpojv rrjs 7rpojT7]s. e<prj avrot? o
IletAaYos "E^tc KOVo-TcoStW* V7rayeT€ acrc^aAto"ao"^€ u>s
vcb? 5eoO
Mapta/m
ma9T]Tcv(jej'
avrou
5e
70 KATA MAGGAION XXVII XXVIII
ot'Sarc. ot be TropevQevres rjor^aXiaavro rov rdcfrov acfypa- 65
ytcravrc? rov XtOov fxerd tt/s KovorcoSias.
Oi^e he o-ajSfidroyv, rr) eTTicjuDCTKovo-Yj eh jatai/ o-a/?/?aTco^ r
Mapia/a r}A#€j/ ' MaptV1
77 MaySaA.r/vr) kclI rj dXXrj Mapta Oetopfjcrai
rov rdcj>ov, kclc l&ov (TacrjJio? eyevero /xeyas* ayyeAos yap 2
Kuptou Kara/Has e£ ovpavou Kat irpocreXOuiV aVeKvAtcre rov
XlOov kol eKaOrjro eTrdvca avrov. rjv he rj elSea avrov cos 3
do-rpairr} /cat to evSvp,a avrov XevKov w? Xta^' aVo Se rov 4
<j>6j3ov avrov eaetcrOrjcrav ol rrjpovvres Kal eyevrjOrjcrav a>9
V€KpoL aVoKpt^ets Se o ayyeAos elirev Tats ywat£t]A Mr; 5
<jjoj3eio-6e v/xets, otSa yap ort 'J^crou*' rov earavpo^xevov
^rjretre' ovk eariv <SSe, rjyepOr] yap KaOws etirev oevre 6
Ho /cvptosH tSere toV roirov ottov e/cetTOT
• Kal ra^v 7ropeweto~at etirare 7
Tots fxaOrjra'is avrov on HyepOrj airo rwv vexpojv, /cat
tSov Trpodyei v/JLois els r?}v raA.tA.atai/, cKet arToV oif/eaOe*
/4/.f tSoi>reT7TO]/
n£/xu/. /cat aVeA^ouo-at ra^v aVo tov ixvrjfxeiov 8
/xctgi <j>6fiov Kal yapas fxeydXrjs eSpapiov aVayyetAat rots
fjiaOrjTals avrov. Kal iSov 'Irjcrovs v7njvrrjo'ev atVats XeytDV 9
Xatpere* at Se repocreXOov orai cKpdrrjcrav avrov rovs 7roSas
Kat 7rpoo-eKvv7]crav avrco. rore Xeyei aurats o Ir;o-ovs Mr} 10
cfrofielcrOe' vrrdyere a7rayya'AaT€ rots aSeAc/>ots /xoi> tVa direX-
6wo~lv ct? Tr}i/ PaAtAatW, Ka/cet /xe oij/ovrai. Ho- n
pevofievcov 8e avro3i> tSo-J rtve? t/Js KovcrrooStas £X66vr€S ets
Tr/i/ TroXtv aVr^yyetAav Tots apyiepevaiv oaravra rd yevo-
/xera. Kat crvva^Oevre^ jmerd riov 7rpecrj3vrepo)v avpLfiovXiov 12
re XafSovres dpyvpia tKava eSco/cav rot? o"rpart(OTats Xiyov- 13
res Et7rar€ ort Ot /JLaOrjral avrov WKros iXOovres
CKXeij/av avrov rjfJLiov KOLfACDjJLivojv Kal idv aKovcrOrj rovro 14
vttor£irV rov rjyefjiovo^ rjfxcis 7reLcrojJiev Kal v/jlcls a/xept/xvov?
to 7rot7y<TO/x€V. ot 8e Xa(3ovre<s ' apyvpta kTroirjaav cu? eSt- 15
i<f)rj!j.Ca9r) Sd)(Oy]crav. Kat,rStcc/)r;/xtcr^r;~
l
o Xoyos ovros irapa 'IovSatots
^Xpi rrjs crrjjaepov [r/p,epas]. Ot 8e ej/ScKa 16
fiaOrjral liropevOrjo-av €ts rr}v TaXtXatW ets to opos ou
XXVIIIt
KATA MA08AION 7
1
17 Ird^aro clvtols 6 'Irjcrovs, kcu tSovres clvtov irpocrzKv-
18 vrjcrav, ol 8e iSco-racrav, kcu 7rpocr€\6iov 6 'irjcrovs eXa-
\r](T€V aureus Xeycoi/ 'ESo^t; ftot iracra l^ovcria iv ov-
19 paj/a) kcu €7rl [rrjs] yrjs* Tropzv6£vT€ (z ovv fJLaOrjTevcroLTe
irdvTCL ret eOvr],rficnrTit.ovTt^ avrovs cts to ovofxa rov 7ra- pamCo,avres
20 rpos kcu rov vlov kcu tov dyiov ttvzvjxaTOSy StSacr/covres
clvtovs rrjptLV ttclvtcl ocra eveTetXdfxrjv vpuv kcu l$ov cyci
/x,e#' vfjiwv €i/xc racras ras yixipas 2a)s ttJs awTcXetag rov
aiaVos.
KATA MAPKON
vtoD 6eov Ap. APXH tov tvayytXtov 'Irjaov XpiCTOv£ T
Karoos yiypairrai iv tw 'Hcrcua ra> Trpocj>y]Trj 2
'lAoy attocteAAoo ton ArreAoN moy npo npocoanoy
coy,
OC KATACK€YACei THN OAON COY*
^OONH BO(2>NTOC 6N TH epHMCp 3
'EtOIMACATG THN OAON KYpiOY,
efOeiAc noierre tac TpiBoYC aytoy,
iyivcro Iwai/^s 6 /3a7TTt^o)v iv rrj iprjfjao Krjpvcrawv /3a- 4
TTTLcrjjia ficravoias ets acfrecriv ap.apTiaV. kcu ii;€iropvu- 5
€ro ?rpos avrov irdcra 77 'IovSaia X^P 0, Ka^ °^ 'lepocroAv-
/x€trat 7rai/T€5, /cat, ifSaini^ovTO vif avrov iv tw 'lopSdvy
7roTap,a> i£ofJLo\oyovpL€voL ras a/zaprias aura)!/, feat rjv o 6
liDavrjq ivSeBvfJiivos rpc^aq KapLrjXov kcu ^wrrjv SepjuLaTivrjv
irept TTjv ocrcfrvv avrov, koI ecrOcov a/cpi'Sas /cat p,eAi aypiov.
/cat iKrjpvcrcrcv Xiymv Ep^eTai o icr^upoTcpos jjlov oiridoi 7
[/AOu], OU OVK €l/U IKaVO? KVl[/a<$ XvCTCU TOV IflOLVTOL T(J)V V7TO-
8rjjA(iT(j)v avtov* iyu ifidirrLcra i5/xas liSan, avros §€ /3a- 8
TTTLcret v[ia<s 7rvev{J.QLTL dytto.
'EyeVerorKAI EPENETO"1
iv cxca/cus rat? rjfiipai? rj\8ev 9
I^croug aVo Na£aper 777s TaAtAatas /cat i/3a7TTLa6rj €ts
I KATA MAPKON 73
10 rov 'iopSaV^v vtto 'IcooVov. koX ev#vs dvafiawuiv €K tov
vSaros cTSei/ o~;(t£o/xeVovs rovs ovpavovs kcu to 7rvevp,a cjs
ii TreptorepaV KaTaficuvov ets avrov /cat cj>o)vrj [eyeVero] £k
tiov ovpavwv 2v et o vlos jJ-ov 6 ayarrrjTos, iv cot cvSo-
12 Krjca. Kat ev#vs ro 7rvev/xa avrov iKJ3dXXec
13 ets tt]V eprj/xov. koI rjv iv rrj iprjfJUx) reao-epaKOVTa rjjxi-
pas 7retpa£op-ei/os vtto tov ^arava, kcu rjv jxerd 7W Orjpt-
wv, kolL ol ayyeXot hirjKovovv aura).
14 Kat fxerd ro irapahoOrjvai rov lwdvrjv rjXOcv 6
Irjaovs ets Trjv PaXtXatav Krjpvcro-wv ro tvayyiXiov
15 rov 0€ov [Kat Xeycoi/] on IXe7rX?7pcoTa£. 6 Kcupos Kat
rjyyiKtv rj /SacrtXeta rov 0eov* /xerai/oetre Kat 7rto-rev-
16 ere iv r<2 evayyeXtw. Kat rrapaywv irapd
tt}i/ BdXacro-aV rfjz TaXiXaias etSev Stticoj/a Kat 'Av-
Spiay rov dSeXtpov ^LfAiovos a/x<£t/3aXXofras iv rrj 6a-
17 XacrcrY), ycrav yap aXeets' Kat earev avrots o Irjcrovs
Aevre ottlvq) jaov, Kat 7roirjo-<i) vp,as yeveV^at aXeets
18 av6po)7T(x)V. Kat ev#vs d<f>4vr€s rd StKrva yKoXovOrjaav
19 avrcp. Kat 7rpo/3as dXiyov etSev 'IaKO)/?oi/ toi/ tov Ze/?e-
Satov Kat 'Iwai/^v Toy dSeX<£oV avrov, Kat avTovs eV tw
20 7rXota> Karaprt^ovras rd StVrva, Kat ev#vs eKaXecrei/ avrov?.
Kat dc^erres tov iraripa avriov Ze/3eSatov eV tw ttXolq)
fi€rd rwv tuo~0a)T(3i' drrrjXBov 07rto~a) avrov.
21 Kat ctcr7ropcvo]/rat ets Kac/>apvaov/x,. Kat ev#vs Tots
22 aafifiacnvrelcreX6(j)V ets tt}i/ avvayoiyrjv eSt'Sao-Kei/ . Kat i8i8a<TKei> ei? t^
€±€7rAr}aomovro C7rt tt] otoa^ry avrov, 771/ yap otoaxjKan/
23 avrovs ws efovcrtav l^cor Kat ov^ cos ot ypa/x/*aTets. Kal
ev#vs rjv iv rrj avvayoiyfj avrwv aV#pa)7ros iv r:vev\xari
24 aKa^apra), Kat dVeKpa£ev Xiywv Tt ^/xtv Kat cot, It^ctov
Na^ap^ve'; yXOes drroXicrai ?;/xas;rot§a ere Tts et, o aytos otSa/^eV
25 tov 0eov. Kat e7reTt/x^crev avrw o 'I770-OVS [Xeyw^J ^>t/xaj-
26 6^Tt Kat e£eX#e ef ai;rov. Kat enrapd^av avrov ro 7rvevjxa
to aKadaprov Kat tfcwYJvav ^xjdvt} pceydXr] i£fjX6ev it avrov.
74 RATA MAPKON I
npfc eavTovc kcll i9apLJ3i]97]crav diravres, wcrre ctvv&jtuv ravrov<ii
Xeyov- 27
ras Tt icTTtv tovto ; StSa^ Kaivrj* kolt l^ovaiav /cat rots
7TV€VfJLCL<TL TOtS CLK<x6apTOl<Z €7TtTdcr<Xet, /Cat 'UTra/CO'UOlKTtl' aVT<3.
Kat e£r}X9ev 77 aKorj avrov evOvs rravra^ov eh oXrjv rrjv 28
irepiy&pov rrjs raA.tA.atag. Kat ev8vs e/c ttJs 29
e&XOw ^A0ev o-ui/ayooyijsr€^€X^oyT€S ^X^aj/
1
ctg tt^v OLKtav 'Xljawvos Kat
'AvSpeov /xera 'laKoj/^oi; Kat 'IcoaVcu. 77 Se rrev9epd ^ljjlwvos 30
K(lt£k€ltq 7rvpi(T<Jovcra, Kat €t3#t5s Xeyoucrtv aura) 7rept ai5r^9.
Kat 7rpocreX9(jJV rjyetpev avrrjv Kparrjcras ttJs xeipos* Ka^ ^" 3 1
cbrJKev avrrjv 6 rrvperos, kcll SirjKoveL avrots. 'O- 32
i/^tas Se yevopievrjs, ore eSvcrev 6 77X10$, efyepov rrpos avroV
Travras tot)s KaKcos e^oi/ras Kat tovs SatpiovL^opLevovs' Kat 33
771/ 0X77 7; 7roA.ts iirLcrvvrjypLevrj 7rpos tt}v Bvpav. kcll e9epd- 34
7T€i;crcv ttoXXovs KaKws €X0VTas TotKtXats vocrot?, Kat Sat-
(jlovlcl ttoWcl e£e(3aXev, Kat ot5k rj(f>Lev XaXelv rd Sat/xovta,
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Trpwt Ivi/v^a Xiav avacrrds e£rjX9ev [/cat d?T^A.6ev] et? 6/377-
/XOV TOTTO!/ KCLKtL 7Tp0arjV)(€T0. Kat KaTeSitof€V a^TOl/ %[pLLOV 36
Kat ot //.ex' avrov, Kat evpov clvtov Kat Xeyovcrti/ avrto 37
ort IldvTCs L^rjTOvaLV ore. Kat Xe'yct avrots "Aya)/x€i> 38
dXXa^ov eh rds e>(0/xeVas KcopL07r6XeLS, tVa Kat eKct Krjpv£(o,
eh tovto yap e£r}X9ov. Kat t;A#€j/ KrjpvacrcdV eh rds 39
o-waywyds av*7W ctg 0X77V tt^v TaAtXatav Kat ra Sat/wta
CKj8dAXa)y.
Kat epyerai rrpos aurov XeTrpos 7rapaKaXaji> avroi/ 40
[Kat yoT/i>7rcT0Ji/] Xeytov avrto on 'EaV OeXys SvVacrat
-IbpyicOdsh p,e KaQapicrai. Katrc77rXay^vtcr^ets
nCKretVas 7771/ X€^Pa 41
avrov tfif/aro kcll Xeyct avru> ©eXco, KaOapLcrOrjrL' Kat 42
cu9i;s drrrjXOev air avrov 77 Xe7rpa, Kat eKaOepLaOrj. Kat 43
ifxj3pipirj(TCLfJievos avrc3 cv^vs egeftaXev avrov, Kat Xeyct 44
avrw "Opa pL7]$evl pLrjSev €177779, dXXd i;7raye ccavTov
AeilON TO) lepei Kat rrpocreveyKe rrepX tov KaOapLcrpLOv aov
a Trpoaera^ev M.o)vo-fjs ets pLaprvpiov avro'is, 6 Se i^eXOcov 45
I II KATA MAPKON 75
7]p£aTO Krjpvcrcreiv 7roXXa koll Sta<£?7/xt£€tv tov Xdyov, <juot€
ju/>7KeTt avTov SvVacr^atr<f>avepws cts ttoXlv* elcreXOew, dXXd eU nokiv tyavcp&y
e£a) itr ipt]fJLOLS ToVots pjv]' Kat yp^ovro 7rpds auTov
1 TTOLVToOdV.
J 1 Kat etcreX#cjv 7raXtv its Ka<£apvaoi;/x St' Tq/JLtpwv tjkov-
2 o-#?7 oVtrcv otKw £<rrur' Kal avv7])(6rjo-av ttoXXoI ware ds c*k6v eVrev
/jLrjKeri xcopctv /x^Se ra Trpds Tijv Ovpav, Kal cXa'Xet auTots
3 tov Xoyov. /cat ep^ovrai cfrepovrcs irpos avrov TrapaXvTiKov
4 atpo/xevov vtto rccrcrdpiov. Kat /xt} Srva/xcvot 7rpoo-€veyKat
avT(D Std rov o)(Xov (X7r€(TT€yacrav rrjv crreyrjv ottov tjv, Kal
i£opv£avres ^aXwcrt rov Kpdfiarrov ottov 6 TrapaXvriKos
5 KaT€K€iTO. Kal tSwv 6 'I^crcus rrjv ttlo~tw auTwv Xeyet tc3
6 irapaXvTLKU) Tckvov, a</>t€VTat o~ov at d/xaprtat. ^crav Se
Ttves tcov ypapLfxaricov e/cet KaOrjjJLevoi Kal StaXoyt£d/xevot €1/
7 rats KapStats avTa>vrTt
novros ovra) XaXet; /SXao-cfrrjfizl' 'On
8 rts SvvaTat a<£tevat a/xapTtas ct /xi} cts o #eds ; t<al €v9v<;
imyvovs 6 'Irjcrovs r<5 TrvcvfiaTL avrov on [outcos] StaXoyt-
£ovTat iv lavrots Xeyet [avrots] Tt ravra StaXoyL^eaOe iv
9 rats KapSi'ats vxtouv ; Tt ecrrtv tvKOTrwrepov, enreiv t<5 irapa-
Xvtiku) 'AtfcUvral crov at a/xaprtat, ^ et7T€tv 'Eyetpou
io [Kal] apov tov Kpdfiarrov crov Kal Trepnrarei ; tva 8e etS^TC
OTt i^ovcriav e^a d mos tcu dv9pu>TT0Vrac^tevat a/xapTtas e;rt -nfc y>fc ctyie-
ii C7rt TTys y^s — Aeyet t<i> TrapaAvrLKU) 2<ot Aeyco, cyctpe
12 apov tov Kpd(3aTT0V o~ov Kal virayz €ts tov oTkov crov. Kat
-qyepOrj Kal evOvs apas tov Kpafiarrov i$rjX6cv e/x7rpoo"^€V
TravTwv, cScttc k^icrTacrOai irdvra^ Kal Sofa£etv tov 6edv
[AeyovTas] 6Vt Oirrcos ovS€7TOTe ctSa/xcv.
13 Kat itjrjXOev TrdXiv irapd ttjv OaXacraav' Kal 7ras
14 d o^Xos rjp)(€TO 7rpds avTov, Kat eStSacrKcv avrovs. Kat
7rapaywv ctSevrAci;€tv"
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ro TeXcovtov, Kat Xeyct avTio 'AkoXovOzl jjlol Kal avao"Tas
15 TyKoXov^o-ev a-uTa). Kat ytveTat KaraK^icrOai
avrov iv rrj otKta avrov, Kat 7roXXot TeXcovat Kat a/xapT(0-
76 RATA MAPKON II
Kat mvei.
irapanopevecOcu
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Kai kyivcro eVi 7ravTas <j>6/3os tovs irepioLKOvvTas av- 65
Toys, koll iv oXrj rrj opcvfj rrjs 'IovSaias 81eA.aA.eiTO itolvtol
Ta p^/xara Tcu5ra, koll eOevTO 7tolvt€S el aKOvcravTt*; iv rrj 65
rcapSta olvtqjv, Xeyovres Ti apa to Traihiov tovto earat ;
/<al yap ^elp Kvptov tjv p.er aiVoi). Kat 67
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e7rpo(prjT€va€v Xeywv
EyAorHTOc Kypioc 6 0e6c toy 'IcpAHA, 68
OTiiirea'Kiij/aTO Kal eVoi^crei/AyTpoOCIN TO) AAO) <VfTOy,
koI HreipeN KepAC o-am/pias 77/uv 69
€V otKO) A^yeiA 7raiSds avrou,
/<a#oos iXdXrja'ev 81a OTop.aros rwv dyicov air altovos 70
irpocftrjTOjv olvtov,
CCDTHpiAN 6l fc)(0pa)N HMOON KAI 6K X^ipOC TTOLVTUV 71
T(X)N MICOYNTCON HMAC,
7roLrj(raL eA€OC jU,cra tcoi> 7raTepa)v rjjuaiv 72
Kal MNHC0HNAI AIA0HKHC dyias AyTof,
opKON 6v wfiocrev 7rpds Afipaajx toV 7rarepa 77/xwi/, 73
to£> 8owa6 97/uv d(^d/?a)s e/< ^eipds i^Opwv pvcrOivras 74
AaTpeueiv aura) eV do-tdr^Tt Kat StKatocru^r; 75
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7]jJLU)V.
Kal cri; Se, TraiSiW, 7rpo<f>7JT7)s 'Yi/acrrov kXtjOtJo-yj, 76
irpOTTQpcvo-rj yap eNOOTTION Kypioy 6T0IMACAI OAoyC
AyToy,
tov Sowai yrwa"6v crcor^ptas tw Aaa5 avrov 77
iv d<picreL dpapTLUiV olvtiov,
Sta cnrXdyxya iXiovs Oeov tffiojv, jZ
iv ots €7rto-fC€i^€rat ?7p.as dvaToXrj i£ vif/ovs,
eniC|)AN<M TOIC 6N CKOT€l KAI CKIA 0ANATOy KA0HM6IMOIC, 7C
tov fcaTei>#wat tous 7rd8as y/Jiwv cis dSdv elptfvrjs.
I II KATA AOYKAN II 9
80 To Se 7rcu8iov rjv^ave kcll iKparaiovro 7rv€vfxaTL, koli r)v
iv tolls ipTJjJiois ecus r]fxipas aVaSet^coos olvtov 7rpo<s tov
'icrpa^X.
1 'EyeVcTO Se iv rats r]jxipaLS e/<€tVats i^rjXdev Soy/xa
Trapa Katcrapos Auyouorou airoypafacr6at iracrav ttjv ot-
2 KovfJLevrjv (avrr] aTroypafyrj irpcoTrj iyivero rjyefAovevovTos
3 r^s SuptasrKvprjVLOv
n-) koll iiroptvovTO irdvTes diroypd-
4 <j>ecr6ai, <£Kd(TTO<$ els tt^v lavTou 7roXtv. Avefir] Se KOLL
'Iwctt)^) a7ro t^s TaXtXatas Ik iroXeu>s Na£aper €ts t^'IouSatai/ ets 7roXt^ Aai>€t8 ^rts /caXetrat ^-qOXei^, Sta to
5 ctvat avroV e£ 01/cov Kat iraTpLas Aauet'8, a7roypai^acr#at
6 ow Mapta/x tt} ijxvrjcTTevfJLevrj airw, ouo-27 e^/cva). 'EyeVe-
to Se ev ra> eii/at avrous e/cet iirXrjcr6r]CTav at 77/xepat ro{! re-
7 kuv avrrjv, koX ereKev tov vlov clvttJs tov 7rpo)TOTOKov, /cat
icnrapydvwcrev glvtov /cat clv€k\lv€V olvtov iv <f>aTvrj, 8to-
8 Tt OVK TjV OVTOLS T07TOS iv TO) KaTaXvfxaTL. Kat
TroLjxeves ^crav iv ttj xwPa Tf?
ai;ri5
otypavXovvTes /cat cf>v-
XdcrcrovTes <J>vXolkcis Trjs vvktos i-rrl ttjv iroLjxvrjv avrujv.
9 /cat dyyeXos "Kvptov iizecny] olvto'ls kcll Sd£a Kvptov
10 TrepLeXafJuf/ev avroiJs, Kat i<j)o/3rj0r)CTOLV <j>6j3ov jneyav kcll
eiirev avrots o ayyeXo? M?y c/>o/?etcr#e, tSoi; yap evayye-
11 Xt£op.at vplv ^apay [JLeyaXrjv yjtls ecrrat 7ravrt rw Xa<£, ore
iT€\6r] v[MV crrjfJLepov crcor^p 6s eoTii> ^picrros KvpLos iv
12 7roXct AauetS' Kat roi)ro vjxlvt
a"r}fi€iov9 evprjcreTe f3pe<f>os
13 icnrapyavo)jievov Kat KeLfxevov iv <f>OLTvr). Kat i£e<f>vrjs iye-
V€to crvv tw ayyeAa) 7rXrj6os arpartasrovpavLov~
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alvovvTOiv
tov Oeov koll XeyovTwv
14 Aofa iv vij/LcrTOLs 6eu) koll inl yrj<$ zlprjvrj iv dv-
6p(D7TOL<SreVOOKLOLS
1
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15 Kat iyivero (05 dirrjXOov air clvtiqv els tov ovpavov ol ay-
yeXot, ot 7roijJL€V€s iXdXovv 7rpos dXXrjXovs Al(X0w/jl€V
Ap.
Kvpeivov
Ap.
ovpavou
evSoKta Ap-
120 KATA AOYKAN II
Sr} €o>s B^Acep, kolL tSa>/x€i> to pfjfxa tovto to ycyovos o o
Kvpios iyvwpt(T€V r}puv. Kat rjXOav cnrevo-avTes kolL avtvpav 16
TTjv T€ Mapta/x Kat toV 'Iaxny^ Kat to f3p£<j>o<$ Keipevov iv
Tjj tpOLTVYj' ISoVTCS Se iyVtopiCTaV 7T€pl TOV prjfLCLTOS TOV 17
\a\rj8ivTos olvtols 7repl tov iroaZiov tovtov, kglI 7ravTCS 18
ol aKOvcravTes iOavpLaaav irepi twv XaXrjOivTwv vtto tu>v
Mapto/ut 7TOLfJL€V(Ji)V TTpOS OLVTOVS, r] Se '"Mapta"' TTOJVTa (TVV€T7]pei TOL 19
pyj/xara ravra avv(3dXXovcra iv rrj KapSta avrrjs, kcu 20
V7T€(7Tp€l[/aV ol 7TOLJJi€V€^ 8o£d£oVT€<5 Kat dlvOVVT€S TOV 0€OV
cVt 7racnv 61s rjKovcrav Kat clSov Ka0tos iXaXrjOrj Trpos
clvtovs.
Kat ore i7rXyo-6rjo~av 77/xepat oktw tov ireptTepLetv av- 21
ToV, Kat iKXrjdrj to bvofxa avTOv Irjcrovs, to kXtj61v vtto
tov dyyiXov 7rpo tov avXXrifxfyBrjvat clvtov Iv ttj KOtXta.
Kat OT€ enAHC0HCAN Al HMepAl TOY KAOApiCMOf 22
avT<2v KaTa tov vojjlov Mcoucreoos, avrjyayov avTov els Iepo-
c6Xvjj.a 7rapao"T>7crat t<3 KvpLco, Ka#aj<> yiypaTTTac iv vo/Ma 23
Kuptou ort TTAN ApCGN AlANO?rON MHTpAN ApON TCO
KypKO kAh0hC6TAI, Kat tov Sovvoll Bva-iav KaTa to dprj- 24
/xeW eV tw vo/xo) Kvptov, zefroc TpYI~ON00N h Ay'o
NOCCOYC HCpiCTepOON. Kat tSov dv6po)TTOS rjv 25
iv 'lepovo-aXrjjJL <b oVo/za ^vficciv, Kat o av6pu)7ros ovtos
StKatos Kat evXafirjs, irpocrhe^ppL^vos 7rapdK\rjartv tov
IcrparjX, Kat irvevjia rjv ayiov eV auroV Kat ^1/ aur<t> 25
K^^prifxaTiQ-piivov vtto tov irvevjJLaTos tov dytov fir) iSeiv
OdvaTov 7rplv [77] av t§77 tov xptaroV "Kvplov. Kat rjXOev iv 27
tw 7rv€v/naTL els to tepoV Kat iv Tw etcrayayctv totjs yovets
to 7rat8to^ I770-OW tot) Toirjaai avTovs KaTa to tWicrpLevov
tov vop.ov irepl avrov Kat avTos eSefaTO avro ets Tas 28
dyKaXas Kat evXoyrjcrev tov Oeov Kat etrrev
Nvi/ a7roAi;ets tov SovXov crov, 8eo"7TOTa, 29
KaTa to p^jaa crov iv ilprjvrj'
II KATA AOYKAN 121
30 OTL €tSoV 01 6<+>6a\fJLOL flOV TO (TOiTTJptOV (TGV
31 o rfTOipLacras Kara irpoo~u>irov rravruiV tcuV Xacov,
32 4)ooc els ^noKAAYYiN eGNooN
Kat $6£av Xaov crov Io-parjX.
33 /cat, 771/ o iraTrjp avrov Kat rj firjrrjp 6avjxd^ovTes €7rt Tot? Ap.
34 XaXovpevois rrepl avrov. Kat evXoyrjo-ev avrovs S'tyxetoV
KCLL €LTT€V 7TpOS Mapta/A TT)V fJLYJTepa CLVTOV iSoi) OVTOS
K€trat ets 7rTcocrtv Kat avacrracriv rroXXuv kv rc3 IcrpaijA
35 Kat els (rrjfxeiov aVrtXeyo/xevov, /cat orovTavrrjs ttjv ^v^qv ^
SteXcvVcTat po/A<£ata, O7rcos av a7roKaXv</>#ioo"tv Ik ttoXX<2v
35 KapSiwv StaXoytcr/Aot. Kat ?yv Ai/va 7rpocf)fj-
tls, 6vydrr)p <Pavov7]Xy£k <pvXrjs 'Ao-Typ, {avrrj Trpo/SefirjKv'ia
kv yjjLepaLs ttoXXcuSj tpfjdacra jxera avSpos errj eirrd aVo
37 ttJs rrapOevias avrrjs, koll avrrj xVPa ^ws ercoV oySorJKOvra
reacrdpu>v}) 7] ovk ac/>taTaro rov lepov vr]crreiaLS kol Set]-
38 crco-iv Xarpevovcra vvktcl kcu rjfxepav. kol avrrj rrj a!pa
iwcaraaa aV^cottoXoyetro tc3 #€co Kat kXdXec Trcpt avrou
Tract]/ rots 7rpocrS€^o/X€i/ots Xvrptocrtj/ 'lepovo-aXrjfx.
39 Kat cos kreXecrav iravra rd Kara rov vojjlov Kvptov,
e7recrrpe\j/av els rrjv YaXtXaiav els 7roXti/ eWwj/ Na£apeV.
40 To oe 7rat8tov rjv£avev koll eKparaiovro rrX-qpovpievcv
0"0<£ta, Kat \dpis 6eov rjv Itt avro.
41 Kat krropevovro ol yoveis avrov Kar eros €ts 'Icpowa-
42 X77/X rfj koprrj rov 7racr^a. Kat ore kyevero ercoV StoSeKa,
43 dvaj3aivovT(i)V avrw Kara to eOos rrjs eoprrjs Kat reXctto-
aavTcoi/ ras rjjxepas, kv tco vrroarpecfietv avrovs V7refxetvev
'Irjaovs 6 7rats ev 'IcpovcraX^/A, Kat ovk eyvucrav ol yoveis
44 avrov. vofito-avres Se avroV elVat ei> T77 crvvoSla rjXQov
rjfxepas 080V Kat dve^rjrovv avrov kv Tots o-vyyci/evcrtv Kat
45 rots yycoo-rots, Kat fxr) evpovTts v7ricrTp€\[/av els lepovaaXrjpi
46 aVaffyrovvrcs avrov. Kat kykvero fxerd r]fxepas rpcts cvpoir
avroi/ kv tw tcpco KaOe^ofxevov kv /xeo"a) rc5V StSacKaXwi/ Kat
47 aKovovra avrcuv Kat eTrcptortovra avrovs* k^io-ravro Se
122 RATA AOYKAN II III
7rdvT€<; ol <ikovovt€5 olvtov €7rt rrj <rvv€<jei koll tolls airoKpL-
(Te<TLV olvtov. koll tSoVre? ovtov ££c7rXayr)crav, kcll sxttzv 48
TTpOS OLVTOV 7j \JJY]TT]p OLVTOV TeKVOV, TL i7TOLT]Cra<S rjfuv
outgo? ; iSov 6 TraTTjp aov koll eyco oSwwfJLeuoL fyjTovjJiiv
<T€. KOLL €t7T€V 7Tp09 OLVTOVS Tt OTL ItflTZLTk fJL€ ', OVK TjSeLTC 49
otl iv rots tov ircLTpos fJiov Set €ti/at /xe ; koll avTol ov 50
crvvrJKav to prjfxa o iXdXrjcrev a{>TOtg. kcu KaTefir] fxeT av- 51
TtoV kolL rjXOev ets Na£apeV, koX tjv vwoTacrcrGfxevos avrotg.
KOLL 7] fJLrjTTjp OLVTOV SlCTljptL TTO.VTOL TOL prj/lCLTa €V Tjj Kdp-
Sta olvttJs. Kat 'irjaovs TTpoeKOTTT6N Trj croc/>ta 52
/cat yXtKLa KAI X^P ,TI HApA 06CO KAI AN0p<i>TTOIC.
EN ETEI Se 7T€VT€/catSe:/cdTa) tt;s ^ye/xovtas Tt/Sept'ou 1
Hln-tTpoTevovTOsh KatVapo?, ^ye/xovevovTos^ IIovTtoi; IlaAaToi; r^s 'IovSator
/cat r<Erpaap^o9i/T05 Trjs TaAtXatas 'HpcoSou, ^lXlttttov ok
tov dScX<pov olvtov T€Tpaap)(ovvTOS Trjs Irovpata? koll
Tpa^covtrtSos ^wpa?, /cat Av&cwlov tt;? A[$€LXr]vrjs Tcrpa-
ap^oiWog, C7T6 ap^tcpew? "Avya Kat Katac/>a, iyiveTO prjfxa 2
#eoi) C7rt 'IcoaV^v roi/ Za^aptov vtoV ei> ttJ iprjfjico. koll 3
rjX9ev eU irdcrav 7reptva>pov tov 'IopSdVou Krjpvcro-wv /3a-
7rrtcTjaa /xeravotas cts dtpecrLV d/xapTtcoV, cos yiypairTai iv 4
(3lJ3X(0 X6yo)V 'Hcratov tov 7rpo^>rjTOV
4><jonh Booontoc In th epHMco
'EtOIMACATG THN OAON KypiOY,
ey0eiAc noierre tac TpiBoyc AyToy.
TTACA (})ApArI nAHpCO0HC6TAI 5
KAI HAN 6'pOC KAI BoyNOC TATTCIN009HC6TAI,
KAI fcCTAI TA CKOAlA €IC 6y0clAC
kai ai TpA)(e?Ai eic oAoyc AeiAc*
KAI OyeTAI nACA CApI TO COOTHpiON TOY 06Of. 6
Ill RATA AOYKAN 123
7 EXeycv ovv Tots eKTropcvo/xevots o^Xotg fiairrio-Brjvai vir av-
rov YevvTJjJLara i^tSvcov, res V7riSet^€V v/jllv cfrvyeiv aVd
8 t^s .-/xeAAovo-^s opyrjs; TTOir)o~ar€ ovvrKaprrovs d£iov<p a£iovs kolPkov<;
rrjs fxeravotas' Kat fxrj dp^rjcrOc Xeyetv iv kavrois Harepa
e^ofxcv tov A/3paa/x, Xe'ya) yap vplv on Svvarai o #eos
9 €K r<2v XWwv tovtojv eyctpat T€Kva tw 'A/2paa/z. ^8*7 Se /cat
7] d^LVYJ 7TpOS T>}l/ pL&V TIQV SivSpWV KELTOU* 7TOLV CVV SeV-
SpOV /JLTJ 7TOLOVV KapTTOV [tfaXoV] CKKOTTTeTat Kat €tS 7TL>p
10 fiaWeTCU. Kat iTrrjpwTcov avrov ol o)(Xot Xeyovres Tt
11 ovv 7rotyjo-wjJL€v ; aVoKpt^ets Se e'Aeyei/ carrots 'O e^cov
Suo ^iTw^a? /xeraSoTcj to) /x?y e^ovrt, Kat d ^wi/ /?pw/xaTa
12 opioid)? 7tolclt(x). ijXOov Se Kat TeXaWt /3a7rTia6rjvaL /cat
13 €L7rav 7rpos cvurov AtSacncaXe, rt Trot^orcj/xev ; d Se ct7T€i/
7rpos aurovs M^Sey rrXiov irapa to SLareraypiivov vpuv
14 7rpa<70-€Te. irr-qpuruiv Se auToV /cat crTparevofievoL Xiyov-
T€S Tt 7T0L7]0~(x)lA€V Kat T^/Xet?J Kat €LTT€V avro7<S M77-
( € t OLaacLcrrjTe /x-^Se o-vKocfravrrjcrrjTe, kcu apK€to~#€
15 rots oiJ/(x)vlois vfxtov. UpocrSoKcovros Se tou Xa-
ov /cat StaA.oyifo/xeFOJi' rravruv iv rats KapStats avraJi/
16 7T€pt TOU Ia)aVOU, /XT/ 7T0TC aUTOS Ct?y O ^ptCTTO?, a7T€/cpt-
varo Xcywv rrao~w d 'iwdV^s 'Eyco /xev -uSart fiaTrri£o)
v/xas* ep^crat 8e d la^yporepos fiov, ov ovk elpl t/cai/ds
Xvo~at tov l/JLavTOL tqjv vTroZrjiidrmv avrov ' avros vp.ds
17 pa7TTtcret ev irvevpLart ayta> Kat rrvpr ov to rrrvov iv rrj yip,
^ctpt avVou StaKa6apat rrjv aXwva avrou Kat owayayetv
tov o-trov cts tt;i/ aTroOrjKYjv avrov, to Se ayypov Kara-
18 Kavcrct 7rvpt acrySeara). IloXXa /xev 0S1/ /cat
19 ercpa TrapaKaXcov evrjyyeXit.ero tov Xaov 6 he 'HpwS^s d
Terpaapxys, iXcy^ofxevo^ vir avrov irepl 'HpwStaSo? 717s
ywatKos rov aSeXc^ou auTOu Kat 7T€pt iravrwv <hv iiroi-
20 7^o"€V rrovqpQfV o 'HpcoSry?, 7rpoom
€0rjK€v Kat toi'TO €7rt 7rao~tr,
KaT€KXcto~er tov 'Icuavr/i/ ev cfrvXaKrj.
21 Eye^cTO 8e €i/ tw /3a7TTtcr^vat airavra rov Xaov koX 'by-
124 KATA AOYKAN III
crov fiairTLaOevTcs koll Trpocrev^o/JLevov ave(t))(6rjvaL tov ov-
pavov koll KOLTafirjvai to Trvevfxa to ayiov crw/xaTtKO) etSet ojs 22
•jYto?/xov el <rv, TT€pi(TT€pav €7r avToV, kou, cj>o)vrju i£ ovpavov yevicrOair2v
ctd vio's /xov d aya7r^ro5, ei/ o~ol evSd/c^a-a^. Kal 2-
avTos rjv 'Irjcrovs ap^op-tvos ojcret erwv TpiaKovra, &v vlos,
cos ivopi&TO, loxjycj)
ey<t> atifxepov yeyeVnjKa ere f-
tov HXei'
/4/. 24 TOV MaT6aT
tov Aevec
TOV WeX)(€L
tov Iolvvoll
tov I<j)o~r](j>
25 tov MolttolOlov
TOV AfJUOS
tov Naov/x
tov 'EcrXci
tov Nayyai
26 tov MadO
tov M.olttol6lov
TOV 2e/X€€lV
tov 'Icocr^
roi; 'iwSa
27 tov Iwavav
tov 'P^cra
tov Zopo/3d/3€\
'A&dnAjp. 'rov SaXatfnyX
tov Nrjpec
28 tov MeX^ei
tov 'ASSct
tov Koocra/x
tov 'EX/xaSa/x
tov Hp
29 tou I^crov
tov EXie£ep
tov 'Ioopa/x
tov Ma##aV
tov Acva
30 TOV 2v/X€0>y
tov 'IovSa
tov Iwo"rj(j>
TOV ltoVOLfJL
tov 'EXta/cciju,
31 tov MeXea
TOV M.€vvd
tov Marra0a
tov Na#a/x
tov Aavei'S
32 tov l€0"crat
tov Ia)/5/yX
tov Boos
tov 2aXa
tov Naacro-ajv
33 tov r'AS/xetV
tov 'Apvei
tov Ecrpcov
tov <l>ap€s
tov 'IovSa
34 tov IaKco/5
tov Io"aa.K
tov Afipaa/JL
Ill IV RATA AOYKAN 125
TOV ©apa rov Aa/xcx
rov Na^wp 37 tov MaOovaaXd
35 tov 2cpov^ rov Eva)^
tov Payav tov Iaper
tov 3>d\eK tov MaXeXe^A
tov *E/2ep tov Katvd/x
tov SaAa 38 tov Ei/ws
36 tov Katj/a/x tov 2^tov \Ap<£afaS tov 'ASa/x
TOV 2?7/X TOV #€OV.
tov Nwe
1 I770-OV9 Se 7rXr/p^s 7rvevp,aTOs aytov VTrearTptij/ev a7ro ^>-
tov IopSdVov, Kat rjyeTO lv tw TrvevfxaTL iv ttj iptfjjuo
2 rjfxepas TCcrcrepaKovTa 7reipa£o'/x€i/os v7ro tov Sta/3dAov.
Kat ov/c tcfraytv ovSev eV Tats ryttepats eKctVat?, Kat crvi/-
3 TcAeo-^eiow avTwv cVetVacrei'. ct7T€V Se avra) d Sta-
/?oAos Et vtds et tov #eov, et7re to) At'0a> tovto) tra
4 yivrjTai apTos. Kat aTrtKpiOr] 7rpos avrov o I^crovs Te-
ypa7rrat OTt OyK 6H ApTCO MONO) ZHC6TAI 6 AN0p<jO~
5 TTOC. Kat aVayayaW avVoV e§et£ev avTa> TraVas Tas
6 /2ao-tAetas t^s olKovjxevrjs eV o-Tty/xirJ ypovov Kat et7rev
avTw o' Sta/2oAos Sot Scocra) ti}i/ i£ovcriav tolvttjv airacrav
Kat T771/ Sdfai/ avrwv, 6Vt e/xot 7rapaSe'SoTat Kat a> ai/ 0e'Aa)
7 Stoco/xt avTTjv crv ovy cay 7rpoo'Kvvy]o"rjs hru>Tziov extov,
8 eorat o~ov 7rdo~a. Kat airoKptOelsro 'Irjaovs et7rei/ avra> auraJ eurei/ [6]
Teypa-n-Tat KypioN ton 6eoN coy npocKyNHceic
9 KAI AyTO) MONCO AATpeyceiC. "Hyayev Se avVoV ets
'IepovcraA^p, Kat eoT^crei/ €7rt to TTTtpvyiov tov tepov, Kat
et7rei> [avTw] Et vtds et tov deov, /2dAe o-eavrdv IvtzvQuv
10 KaYar yiypaTTTCLL yap otl TO?C An~eA0IC AyTOy eNTC-
11 AeiTAi nepi coy Toy Aia<})yAaIai ce, Kat otl em \e\p6dt4
ApofciN ce mh noTe npocKoyHc npdc AiGon ton ttoAa
12 coy. Kat aVoKptfleis et7rei> avYa> d 'I770-OVS drt Etp^Tac
9
126 RATA AOYKAN IV
OyK eKTTGipACeiC KypiON TON GeON COY. Kal (TWT€' 13
Xiaas Travra Trupao'p.ov 6 SiajSoAos ojricrry] oV avrov
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IV RATA AOYKAN 1 27
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32 Kat 77V StSacrKwr airovs eV rots adjSfiacnv kcu e^eTrXrjcr-
ctovto eVl rrj StSa^yJ avrov, on ev e^ovcna rjv o Xoyos
33 avrov. Kal Iv rfj crvvayoyrj rjv av6pa)7ros e)(tov irvevLia
34 SaifJLoviov aKaOctprov, Kal aveKpa^ev cfawvf} fxeydXrj "Raj ri
rjLiiv Kal croc, ^Irjaov "Na^aprjve; rjXOes aVoAe'crat rjLias;
35 otSa ere rts et, 6 aytos rov deov. Kal eirertLirjcrev avr<2
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pLij/av avrov to SaiLLoviov eh to Liecrov e^r)X8ev air avrov
36 LirjSev (3Xd\j/av avroV. Kal eyevero 6afi/3oq C7rt 7raVra9,
Kal avveXdXovv 7rpos dXXrjXovs Xeyovres Tts 6 Xoyos ov-
tos on ev e^ovcria Kal SvvopLei e7rtracro~et rots aKaOdprois
27 rrvevLLacriv, Kal efep^ovrat; Kat i$€7rop€vero fyos ^pl
38 avrov ets rravra roirov rrjs irzpiywpov. Ava-
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V KATA AOYKAN 129
12 Kal iyivero iv t<3 ctvai avrov iv /ua t&v 7roAean> Kal
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i 3o KATA AOYKAN V VI
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25 caXevofxevov ; dXXd ri i$rjXdare tSetvj dvdpwov iv ^taAa-
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21 rovo-iv aVo o~ov* a Se rjTOLfiao-as, rtVt ecrrat; [Ovtws o #77-
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24 to (rw/xa tov evSv/xaros. /caravo^crare rovs Kopa/ca? otl
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27 KaTavorjcraTe Ta Kpiva 7tcds au^avet* ov kotticl ovbe vrjtreL • h oure i^'flec cure
eyw oe v/xtv, ovoe aoaojmdv ev irao-rj ttj ooqrj avrov Trepie-
28 (3dXeT0 ws ei' ro^rwy. el Se ev aypa> rov ^oprov ovTa
crrjjjLepov Kal avpiov etg kXl^ovov fiaXXojJLevov 6 deos ovtws
29 aficjitdleL, 7roo-ci) jjlolXXov vjids, oXtyoTrtcrrot. Kat i5/xets yu,?}
30 LflTelTe tl <j>dyr)Te Kal tl Trijyre, kol fir) /xeretopt^ecr^e, Tau-
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32 XetW avrov, Kal Tavra irpocrTe6rjo"eTaL v/jllv. fir) cfao/Sov,
to fiLKpov TTOLfiVLOV, otl cvSoK^Q-ev d Trarrjp vfiwv Sovvul
154 KATA AOYKAN XII
VfXLV rrjv fiaaXeiav. HmXtjcraTe ra vTrapxpvra vjjlwv 33
Kal Sore e\€7]fjLO<Jvi/7]v 7rot7^craT€ cauTOtg (3aXXdvTtia fj.lij
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ottov kXcttt^? ovk iyyt^et ovBe crrjs 8ta<£t/€tp€t* o7rov yap 34
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TOjut^cret avTOV Kat to fAtpos avrov pcera t(jjv aTrio-ru>v
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avTOv Kat /xt; iroL/xdaa^ y ironjcras 7rpos to OeXrjjxa av-
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XII XIII KATA AOYKAN 1 55
48 tov SapperCTat ttoXXoV o Se fxrj yvovs TroLyjcras Se a£ta
7r\rjyu)v Sapyjo-erai oXtyag. 7rai/Tt Se co iSoOrj ttoXv, 7toXv
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49 rcpov aiTrjaovcriv avTov. Tivp rjXOov /3aXeti/ eVt t?^ y^i/,
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52 aXX' -7 Sia/jLepidfJiov. eowTat yap airo tov vvv irivre iv
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53 rpiCTLV, Sta/Acptcr#^crovTat Trarrjp eVt via Kat yiOC 6TTI
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54 TT6N0epAN. EXeyev Se Kat rot? o^Xotsf/
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55 ycT€ otl "Ofifipos ep^erat, Kat ytVerat o^tcos* Kat orai/
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56 v7TOKptTai, to 7rpGO~u)7rov ttJs yrjs Kat tov ovpavov ot'Sare
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59 irpaKTopi, Kat o 7rpaKTa)p ere /?aXet ets <j>vXaKijv. Xeyco
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i S6 KATA AOYKAN XIII
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koltolkovvtols 'lepovcraXypu ; ovxh Xe'ya) vplv, aXX' lav fxrj 5
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ycV 'iSou Tpta er^ a<£ ov epyppai fcrjTiov Kapirov iv rrj
(TVKYj ravTrj Kat ov% evpto-Koy eKKOij/ov avrrjy wa tl Kat
rrjv yrjv Karapyel; 6 Se diroKpiOels Xeyet avrai Kupte, 8
defies auT>Jv Kat tovto to €705, ews orou (r/cdi^w 7rept avr^i/
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€t Se p^rjy^y eKKOlj/eiS aVTTjV.
9Hv Se StSao-Kcor eV /xta twi/ crwaya>ya>i' ev Tots o-dj3/3a- 10
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etTrev avnr} rwat, a7roXe'Xi;o"at t?Js ao~0evecas crov, Kal 13
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odi/ ep^d/xevot OepairevecrOe Kal pur} ttJ rjpepa. rov o~af3(3d-
rov. dircKpiOr] Se a^Tco d Kuptos /cat etTrev 'YiroKpiTai, 15
CKacrTos i^ajv tc3 cra[Bj3dT(D ov Xva rov fiovv avrov rj rov
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O"tva7reco9, 01/ Xa/3d)V dvOponros efiaXev els ktjttov eavrov,
airayayuiv
XIII KATA AOYKAN 1 57
kclI rjvcrjcrev kcu eyeVero ets ScvSpov, koll TA TT6T6INA
TOY OYpANOY KAT€CKHN0OC€N 6N Toic K.AAAOIC AYTOy.
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25 ac/> ol> av iyep6rj o otK08ecnroTrj? Kat oVo/cXetcr?? rrjv 6vpav9
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28 ATTOCTHTG AH 6M0f?nANT6C eppVTAI aAIKIAC. 'Ekci eWat
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29 Kat y^ovariv ATTO ANATOA00N KAI AyCMOoN Kat aVd j3oppd kol
30 vdrcu Kat dvaKXtdycrcvTcu Iv rrj fiacnXeLa rov 6eov. kcu
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31 Icrovrcu ecr^aTOt. E^ avrfj rrj wpa 7rpoarjX6dv
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33 Kat ttJ TptTTy TeXetov/xat. irXrjv Set p.e errjpepov kcu avpiov
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Ta T€Kva crov ov rpoirov opvts rrjv eavrrjs vocrcridv vtto rds
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avaj3rj0i avo)repov' Tore carat crot Sofa ivuTiov 7rdvrwv
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Orjcrerai Kal 6 rarreivuiV eavrov vij/mOrjcrerat. *E- 12
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crov pirjhe rovs o-vyyevels crov /xyySe yetVova? ttXovgtlovs,
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povs, ^coXovs, rvcfyXovi* Kal p-aKaptos eery, on ovk e^ovcrtv 14
ctV7a7roSovVat crot5 avTa7ro8o^7ycrcTat yap crot iv rfj aVaora-
XIV RATA AOYKAN 1 59
15 cret tcji/ StKa*W. 'AKovcras Se rts T(Zv crwava-
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17 Kat aVeoTetAei' toi/ So^Ao^ avrou ttJ wpa to£> SetVvou et-
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20 crat aura' epcoraS ere, e^e p,e TrapYjTrjpievov, Kat erepos
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30 dp^u)vrai avTo* epTrat^etv Aeyovres ort Ovros o av6pu>-
l6o KATA AOYKAN XIV XV
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a7roXo)Xos coos evprj avTo; Kat tvpuiv IttltlOtjo'lv eVt tovs 5
to/xovs avrov yaipuiV, Kai kX9u>v etg tov otKov cruFKaXct 6
rovs <£tXovs Kat tovs yetTovas, Xiyo)v avrois ^vvxdprjTe
fxoi otl evpov to 7rp6j3aTov fiov to a7roXa)Xos. Aeyaj vptv 7
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IlaTcp, So? p-ot to iTrijSdXXov p,epos t^s ovo"tas* o St" StetXev
XV KATA AOYKAN 161
13 avrots rov fiiov. /cat fier ov 7roAA.as -qpiepas crvvayay^v
rTrdvra 6 vearrepos vlos avreS^/xTycrcv €19 ^ojpav p.aKpav, kolL
14 e/cet SiZCTKopTncrev rrjv ovctlolv avrov £coV acrcoTco?. hairavrj-
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17 Kat ouSet-s eStSou aura). cts eairroi/ 8c eXdwv ecfar] ITocrot
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18 coSe diroXXvp-at' dvacrras Tropevcrofxai rrpos tgV rrarepa
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19 evcoTrtoi/ crou, ovKeri et/xt aftos KXrjOrjvat vlos crov' 7rotrjcr6y
20 tte ojs eya tw^ fJLi(r6io)v crov. Kat avaoras rjXBev rrpos Toy
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21 eiTrev Se. d mds aura) Ilarcp, rj/JLapTOV els Toy oupaiw
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26 rjKovcrev avfJLcf)(x)vcas Kat ^opaJv, Kat 7rpocrKaXecrafxevos eva
27 Tc3f TratScov eirvvOdveTO ri dv elr] raura" d 8e cTttc^ aurcu
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28 p.6o~ypv tov crtreurdv, ort i/ytatVovra avrov a7TeXaj3ev. cJp-
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avrov 'iSou Tooravra %.ir\ SovXevo) aoi koll ouSe7roT€ iv-
cptyiov roXijv aov 7raprj\9ov, koll e/xot ovSe7rore eStoKasr€pL<f>ov
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lariv* €V(j>pav6rjvai Se koI yapyjvai eSet, otl 6 a8cXc/>os 32
(jov ovros veKpos rjv koX e^rjaev, Kat a7roXa)Xajs /cat cvpe-
"EXeyei/ Se Kat Trpos rovs pLaOrjTas "AvOpanros Tts tjv i
7rXoi;crtos os et^ev oIkovojjlov, kcll ovtos $Le/3\y]6r] olvtcd o5s
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€i7rev ai)T(2 Tt tovto olkovlo rrepl aov ; a7rdSos rov Xoyov
rrjq oIkovojjllols aov, ov yap Svvyj eVt otKoro/x etj/. etTrev 3
Se eV eavTto o olkovojjlos Tt wotTjad) otl o KvpLos jjlov
ac/)atpetrat ttjv oIkovo[JLlolv air i/xov ; aKairTZW ovk la^ya),
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/cat 7rpoaKaXcad{ievos eva eKaoTov tlqv ^peoc^tXerali/ rov 5
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oc/)€tXets ; o Se et7rev 'EKaroV Kopous airov Xeyet av-
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/cat €7rrjV€a£V o KvpLos rov olkovojjlov ttjs a8t/ctas ort cjypovL- 8
p.(DS lirOLTjaeV* OTL 61 VLOL TOV OLLLOVOS TOVTOV cj>pOVLJJL(DT€pOL
v~ep tovs vlovs tov </>o)tos €ts tt;i/ ycveai/ T^r eavra)!/
ctcrtV. Kat €yw v/xtv Xeyco, eaurots iroLiqaaTe tfriXovs 9
€/c tou /xa/xojva ttJ? aSt/cta?, tra orav IkXCtttj Sefwvrat v/xas
€t? ras atwvtov? aKTjvas. o TTLaros Iv eXa^t'crra) /cat ci/ 10
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v/jLerepov
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XVI RATA AOYKAN 163
12 ovk iyivecrde, to akrj9tvov Tts vjjllv 7rtcrreucret ; kolI et iv
T<3 dXXoTplU) TTKTTOL OVK kykveO~d^ TO ^XteTepOl/1
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13 u/xu^ ; OuSets oikItt]^ hvvarai Sucrt Kupt'ots SovXcvclv 77
yap tov eVa jxto-rjaei koll tov erepov ayaTrrjcreL, ij eVds dvOi-
feTat /cat rov erepov Kara^povrjcrci. ov Svvacr6c #ea>
14 SovXevetv koll /xa/xoova. "Hkovov Se ravra irdv-
tlx ol <E>apto~atot cf>i\apyvpoL vTrapypvTes, koX i£efxvKTT]pi-
15 tpv avToV. koI eXirev auVots 'Y/xets €C7Te OL SiKOUOVVTeS
eavTovs IvixiTTiov twv dv6pu>7rojv, 6 Se #eds ytrcooTcet Tas
KapStas u/xan/* oTt to eV avOpwirois vKJ/rjXov /3Se'A/uy/xa eVw-
16 7TLOV TOV 6eOV. O VO/XOS KOLL OL TrpofyrJTOLL fJL€)(pL Io)dvOV
diro tot€ tj /3acrtAeta tou 6eov euayyeAt£eTat koll 7ras ets
17 auT^y /3ta£eTat. Eu/co7rajTepo^ Se Icftlv tov ovpavov koll
ty]V yrjv irapeXdeLV 17 tou vofxovr/xtar Kep£av
n7T€o~€iv. Kepiav /j.Uv
i3 lias d aVoAi;a>i> t??v yvvaLKa avTov koll ya/xwi/ eYepai/
jjiOL^eveif kcu 6 aVoAeAu/xeV^v airo aVSpds yajjitov /xot-
19 x€v€L. "AvOpwTTos Se Tts rjv 7tXovo-los} kclI eVe-
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20 par Xa/X7rpa)S. 7TTO)^ds Se' Tts ovo/xaTt Aa£apos ifiefBXrjTO
21 7rpds tov TruAava ai3rou etAKco/xeVos Kat £ttl6v[jl<2v ^opTa-
cr8rjvaL aVd twv ttltttovtwv airo Trjs Tpa7re^rj<s tov 7rXov-
ctlov aAAa Kat 01 Kwes IpypixevoL eVeAet^oy Ta cA/ct^
22 auTOu. eyeVeTO Se d7roOave.Lv tov tttw^ov Kat d7reve^6rjvaL
avTov vtto twv dyyiXwv ets rev koA7toi> 'A/?paa/x* aVe-
23 #avei/ Se /cat d 7rAoi>o~tos Kat eVac^-ty. koX Iv to> a§>7 ^,eVapas tous 6cf>6aXpL0v<; avTov, virdp^wv Iv /3acrdVots,
opa AfSpadfi, oVd fiaKpoOev Kat Aa£apoi> eV Tots koA-
24 7rots avTOu. Kat auTos c^wyr/cras et7rei/ IlaTep 'A^paa/x,
eAe^crov /xe Kat 7re/xi^oi/ Ad^apov Tva fidij/r) to aKpov tov
SaKTvXov avrov uSaTOS Kat KaTaxbvErj ttjv yXQcradv jjlov,
25 OTt oowdj/xat ev t^ c/)Aoyt Tavrr], et7rev Se 'A/?paaxt Te-
kvov, ixvr)o-6r]TL otl aTre'Aa/^es Ta dyaOd crov iv Trj far}
cov, Kat Aa£apos d/xotws id KaKa* i'W Se (SSe TrapaKaAet-
164 RATA AOYKAN XVI XVII
Tat av Se oSwacrat. Kat iv 7rao-t tovtois iiera^i) rjfxQv 26
Kat i5/xc3]/ xaoyxa /xeya cor^pt/crat, 6770)9 ot 6£Xovt€$ cta-
fSrjvau tvOev Trpos rxtas /x?7 Swoovrat, ytt^Se cKtiQtv Trpos
^/xas StaTTcpajcrtv. et7rev Se 'Epwraj <re ow, 7raVep, tva 27
7r€fA\]/r}s avrov et? roV oTkoi/ tou iraTpos fiov, e^/a) yap 7reVre 28
aSeAc^ou?, otto)? Sta/xaprup^rat aurot?, ua /x?) Kat aurot
tXOaxJLV etg tov tottov tovtov rfjs fiaadvov. Aeyet Se 29
'AfipadfJL E^ovcrc Mwuo-e'a Kat reus Trpoc^ras* a/cou-
craTuaav olvtqjv. 6 Se cirrey Oi'^i, 7rarep *A/3paa/x, 30
aAA' edV rt? aVo i/eKpu)i/ 7rop€v6fj ?rpos auroi;? fxeravorj-
(TOVCTLV. €L7T€V Se aVTCO Et MoUUCTeW KOLI TW 7TpO(f)r)T(2v 31
ovac aKovovcLV, ovS lav tls Ik veKpujv avaaTrj TreKjOrjcrov-
rai.
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tov tol cTKaVSaAa fjurj iXdetv, 7rXr}v oval St' ov ep^erar
AucrtreAet ai!rw et \l6os [jlvXlkos 7reptKetrat 7rept tov Tpd- 2
^rjXov avrov Kat cpptTrrat ets riyv OdXaacrav fj tVa cr/cavSa-
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ajjidprrj 6 aSeAc^os o~ov iTziTipaqcrov avrw, Kat eW ficravoy]-
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npd(7#€S ^/XtV TTIO-TLV. €t7T€V Sc O KVpLGS Et e^CTC 7rtCTTtV CO? 6
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vjjuv. Tts Se ef iJ/xojv SouAoi/ e^wv aporptaWa 7
77 7rot/xatVovra, og etcreX^ovTt eK tou dypov epet aura) Ev-
6ews 7rapeX6o)V ai/aTrecre, aAA ou^t epet avra) Erotp.a- 8
0"OV rt 8et7TV7yo"a), Kat irepi^crdfxcvo^ 8ta/<o^et ttot ews
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utJ e^et \dpiv t<3 8ovAa> ort i7rotyjcrev ra Stara^Oevra; 9
ourws Kat vfACLS, orav 7roiijo-r]Te irdvTa ra Stara^divTa 10
v/xt^j Xe'yere ort AouXot a^petot io-fxev, 6 aj(£etAo/xe T/
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13 Xe7rpot avSpcg, otravicrTrjo'av
17roppto9ev, Kat aurot ?7pav
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tSojj/ ct7rci/ auTcts IIopev9ivT€s eTTlAei2<vre eavrovs TOIC
lepefciN. Kat iyivero iv t<3 virdyuv clvtovs iKaOaptaOrj-
15 crav. cts oe e£ avrwi/, toa>j/ ort tac^, VTrecrTpeyev p.era
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18 CKaOapLcrOrjcrav ; ot [Se] ivvia ttov ; ou^ evpe9r]0"av viro-
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19 Kat €ltt€V aura) Avacrras iroptvov rj 7rto~Tts o-ov o~€o~a)-
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27 vtoi) toi) av^paJ7roi;* 7]o~9lov, Zttlvov, iydjiiovv, iyajjLLXcvTO,
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28 rjX9cv 6 KaraK\x;o-/xos /cat aVwXeo-cvr7ravras
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KaSws iyivero iv Tais 77/xepats Aarr* rjvOiov, eVii/ov, 77yd-
pa£ov, €7rajXoi;y, icfavrevov, gjkoSo/xow' 7} 8e 17/xepa i^rjXO^v 29
Awt cctto 2o8o/xo)i/, e'BpeleN nfp kai GgTon ah5
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uids rov avQf)U>TTOV airOKokviTT€i at. iv €K€Lvr] 7rj rjfxipa 31
os ecrrai €7rl toi) Sa!/xaTOS Kat ra crKevr] avrov iv rrj ouaa,
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os car tpqrrjCTYj ttjv \j/v)(i]v avrov 7repi7roi7]orao~6ai drroXio-ei 33
avTTjv, os 8' & aVoXeVei ^oioyovrjcrei auT7?v. Xeya) uxuv, 34
ravry rrj vvktl caovrai hvo iirl KXivrjs [utas], o cts Trapa-
\r]lJLcf>6ijcr€TOLL koll 6 erepos dfaOrjcrcrar eaovrai Svo aXy- 35
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dcfreGyjcreTai. kolL aVo/cpit^eVTes Xiyovcruv auru> Hov, kv- 37
pte ; d Se cTttcv aiVois "Ottot; to crajua, e/cei Kai 01 acrot
iiricrvva^6r}0~ovTat .
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7rpoaev^€o-6at avrovs Kal p,rj ivKaKuv, Xeyoiv Kpmfs Tts 2
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XIX RATA AOYKAN 1 69
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efovcrtas HpwSov ecrTtv aVeVe/xi/fci/ avTOi/ 7rpos 'HpwSiyi^,
oi^Ta Kat avTov ei/ Iepoo"oXv/xots ei' TavVats Tats ^/xc-
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[azvov. i7rrjpwra 8e avToi/ ei/ Xoyots tKavots* avros 8c 9
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XXIII KATA AOYKAN ISI
Tratfas 7repij3aXojv io~9r}ra Xajxirpav dveTrefiij/ev avrov tw
12 IletXaTa). 'Eyevovro 8e <f>i\oL o re 'HpwS^s Kat o IletAa-
tos iv avrrj rrj rjpiepa p,er aXXrjXoiv 7rpov7rrjp)(ov yap iv
13 e^Opa ovres 7rpos avrovs. IletAaros 8e ctvvkol-'
XecroLfjievos tovs ap^tepcts koll tovs ap^pvras Kat tov Aaoy
14 C17TCJ/ 7TpOS OLVTOVS HpO(TYJV€yKaT€ /XOt TOV av9pO)7TOV TOV-
rov o5s aTTcarpecjiovTa tov Xaov, Kal iSov iyoi ivoj-iriov vpLwv
dvoLKpivas ov9ev evpov iv to dv9poj>7roj tovtoj oItlov toy
15 Karrjyope'iTe kolt avrov' aAA' ovSe. 'HpojoV;?, ai/e7re/x^€i/
yap avrov Trpos Tinas' Kal tSov ovSev a£tcy Oavdrov iarlv
2
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19 §e Ty/xtV rov Bapa/3/3aV* Sans rjv Sta <Txao-tv Ttva yevo-
/xevrjv iv rrj iroXet Kal cfaovov /3Xr)9els iv rrj <pvXaKrj.
20 irdXiv Se 6 ITetXaros 7rpoo~e<fi(ovr]o-ev avTots, OiXaiv diroXv*
21 o~at rov 'Irjcrovv. cl Se i7re<pu)vovv Xeyovres Ziravpov
22 aravpov avrov. 6 Se rpirov elirev irpos avrovs Tt yap
KaKOV iTTotrjcrev ovtos ; ovSev atrtov 0avarov evpov iv
23 avT<j)' TratScixras ovv avrov a7roXvcro). ol Se iireKeivro
cj>o)va7s fieydXats alrovfxevoL avrovro-Tavpw9rjvai
n, Kal
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25 o"0at to alrrjfia avroZv diriXvcrev Se rov Sid crrdciv Kal
<t>6vov fie/SXrjfievov els cfrvXaKrjv bv tjtovvto, rov Se. Irjcrovv
rrapeSojKev to) OeXyfJLarc avrwv.
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navrov, iTriXajBoficvoi Si/xawa Tiva
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7rXrj9os tov Xaov Kal yvvaiKcov at iKOirrovro Kal iOprjvovv
28 auroV. crrpa^ets Se 7rpo? avrds 'I^croi;? cittcv ©iryarc-
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30 oi?K iyivvrjcrav Kal fiaarol ot ov/c eOpexf/av. tot€ ap^ovrat
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AereiN toic 6'peciN TTecATe ecf)' hmac, kai toTc Boy-
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Kal eVtypa^ eV avr£ O BA2IAEY2 TON 10Y-
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1 tt} Se fxia tc3i/ aa/3j3aTd)v bpOpov fiaOeu>s errl to pLvrj/xa
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4 ov^ cvpoi/ to crcio/xa [Prov Kvptov 'I^ctot)]]. Kal lyivtTO iv
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8 Kal ipLvrjcrOrjaav tiqv p^/xaTcov avTov, Kal VTroo-Tpeij/acraL
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184 RATA AOYKAN XXIV
avTOL?. [TO Se IIeVpos dvacnas eSpap.€V lirl to 12
jxvrjixeiov Kat TrapaKvi^as /^XeVet rd odovta pova* kcl\
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cr t<3 ojJLiXetv olvtovs Kat avv^rjT€LV [Kat] ai/rds 'Ir/crovs
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o 0cos irarrjp vjjlwv rjv r}ya7rdr€ av e/xe, eycJ yap ck rov
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aXX €Keti/os /xe aTreoretAci/. 8ta ri rrjv XaXtav rrjv Ijxrjv 43
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VIII IX KATA I12ANHN 209
tov 7rarpos vfxtov OeXere iroulv. c/cetvos avBpunroKTO-
vos rjv dir dp^rjs, /cat iv rfj dXrjOeta ovk ecrTrjKev, otl
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45 tStcov XaXet, on xj/evcrTrjs ccrrtv /cat 6 Trairjp avrov. eyoJ
46 Be ort rrjv aXt^Ociav Xeyto, ov TTidT^v^rk /xot. rt's ef v/xgjv
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47 v/x€t? ov Trta-revere /jlol ; o wv Ik tov 6cov to) prj/xara rov
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49 ex€t? 5 dirsKpCOy] 'Irjcrovs 'Eyw Sat/xovtov ovk e)(a), aXXa
50 rt/xa> rov 7rarepa /xov, /cat v/xcts art/xafere /xc. cyco Se ov
51 f^TOJ T?)v Sofav /AOV tcTTLV 6 ^TJTiOV KOL /CptVCOV. AfXTjV
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52 ov [xrj Oeojpycrrj €t? tov atwva. enrav avra* ol 'Iov-
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53 at<3va ' p.rj crv \Lcit^v el tov TraTpos -qfjujiv 'A/3paa//., ocrrts
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55 ov v/xets Xeyere ortr0co? v/xw^ icTTtv, Kai ovk iyvoiKOLTC
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56 tov Xoyov avrov Trjpio. A/?paa/x o 7rarrjp v/xwv 7/yaX-
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57 ivdpr]. etirav ovv ol 'IovSatot 7rpos avrov rTcvr^KOvra
58 h-q ov7ra) 9(as /cat 'A/?pad/x ^cupa/cas"1
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59 et/xt. ^pav ovv Xl9ovs "vol /?aXwcrtv C7r avrov* Ir;o"ov9
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1 Kat 7rapaycjv ctoev avOpanrov tvc/>Xov €/c yeverts.
Oebs i]ja <^ ,/
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2IO RATA IQANHN IX
/cat iqpioTqcrav clvtov ol pia6r]Tal glvtov AeyovTCS Pa/J/Sct', 2
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ntjp.ipa 4
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€V T<3 KOCTfJUO to, <£toS Ct/Xt TOV KOCTJJLOV. TOLVTCL ZLTTLOV I" 6
TTTvaev ;^ap,at Kat iTroirjarev Trrfkov e/c tov 7rrvcrpaTOS, Kat
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yov ort Ovtos Icttlv* glXXol eAcyov Ov^t, aAAa o/xotos
avTto Icttlv. c/cetj/os e'Aeyev oTt 'Eyw etp,t. eAcyov 10
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vos; Aeyct Ovk otSa. Ayovo"tv avTov 7rpos 13
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yjfULepa rov 7rr]X6v €7T0Lr]CT€V o I??crovs Kat avtco^ev avVov
tovs d<f>6aXfiovs. irdXiv ovv yptoTtov wutov Kat ot ^>apt- 15
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#eov o dv6p<i)7ros, otl to o-ayS/?aToi/ ov Trjpel. dXXoL [Sc]
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/zeta 7rot€tv; Kat cr^to-pa 771/ ey avrots. Acyovctv ovv 17
to) TvcfyXco TrdXLV Tt crv Aeyets 7T€pt avrov, ort rjvtu^iv
aov tovs d(pOaX[xovSi 6 Se ct7T€i/ oTt UpocfirJTrjs ianv.
IX KATA IQANHN 211
18 Ovk iTTicrTevcrav ovv ol IovSolol Trepl avrov on yjv
Tv<f>\o$ kcu dvefiXtxj/ev, ccos otov icfxjjvrjcrav rovs yoveis
19 avrov tov dva(3Xi\j/avT0<s kcu rjpojT^crav clvtov? Xiyov-
res Ovtos Icttlv 6 vlos vjjlmv, bv vfiets Aeyerc otl Tv<f>\c<$
20 iycvvrjGr); TrcGg ovv pXiircL dpn; aVc^pt^crav ovv ol yoveis
avrov koll €L7rav OlSa/xev on ovtos Icttlv 6 vlos yjxojv
21 koll otl TvcjyXos iyevvrjOrj' 7t<js oe vvv fiXl-irei cvk oiSajuev,
rj tvs rjvoi^ev avrov tovs 6<fi6aXfJLovs T^aeis ovk otSa/xcv
avTov epcoTTycrarc, -qXiKiav e^ct, avros irt.pl eavrov XaXrjcrtL.
22 tcvtcl ct-rrav ol yoveis avrov otl 1<j>o/3ovvto tovs IovSatov?,
rjSrj yap ctvv€t£9clvto ol 'IovSatoi Iva lav 71s avrov ojxoXo-
23 J7} "!} Xptcrrov, aTrocrwaywyos yivryraL. Sta tovto ol
yovets avTov €L7rav otl 'HAt/aav e^a, avTovri7T€po)Trj- epwnjVaTe
24 craT<P. JZcjxDvrjcrav ovv tov avOpoi—ov Ik ScvTepov os yjv
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25 fxev otl ovtcs o avOponros ap,ap70)Aos Icttlv. air^KpiOr]
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26 TVcf>X6s cSv aprt fiXiirio. eiTrav ovV avro Tt hroLiqviv
27 crot; 7ra)s rjVQL^iv crov tovs ocpOaXfxovs; aTTCKplOr] av-
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itoXlv OtXtTt ovv
aKov€Lv; fxrj Kal vp,ets 0£Xct€ avrov [xaGrjral ytviaOaL;
28 Kal iXoL^oprjcrav avrov /cat ciTrav 2v fxaOrjTrjs el Ikuvov,
29 Ty/xetg Se tov Moovcrews IcrpXv fxaOrrraL' rjfxtLS oi'Sap,ev on
Ma)vo~et AcAaA^Kev d #ed?, 7cvrov Se ovk olSajnev 7r66cv
30 Icttlv. direKpLOrj o uvOptoiros Kal clttcv avTols \Ev rov-
tq) yap to Oav\xacTTov Icttlv otl v/xeis ovk otSarc 7rd5ev
31 icrTLv, Kal rjvoL^iv fxov tovs o<f>6aXpLOis. olSafiev otl 6
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32 to OiXrjjJia aLTOv 7roi^ tovtov aKOvcL. Ik tov atwvo? oltc rj-
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33 vov tl fxr) rjv ovtos Trapa Gtov, ovk T^SuVaro Trotetv ovSeV.
34 dir^KpLOrjcrav Kal CLTrav avT'2 *Ev ap,apTtats crv cycvvvy-
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212 KATA IQANHN IX X
efw. "Kkovctcv 'Itictovs on et;€f3a\ov clvtov e£co, 35
KoX €VptoV OVTOV €t7rCV 2v 7TL(TT€V€iS CIS TOV VtOV TOV CLvdpW-
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1, Kvpie, tva 36
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avVdv kolI 6 XaXwv /xcra cov £K€lv6s icrTtv. 6 8e ec/)?? lit- 3 8
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fiXeTrovTts f3\€7ro)(riv Kat ol /^XeVovres rvc/>Xot yei/wn-at. 40
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elcnv Kat X^crrat* aXX ovk rjKovo~av avrwv Ta irpo^ara,
iyo) ct/u rj 6vpa* 8t' ep-ov Idv rts elcrtXOrj cruOrjcrziat Kat 9
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avrov TiOrjcrtv V7rep tc3v 7rpo^8aTO)v d p.to'&wrds Kat ovk c5i/ 12
KATA IQANHN 213
i:oip.rjv> ov ovk Icttlv rd 7rpoj3ara tSta, 6e(x)pei tov Xvkov
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16 T7JV tyvyTJV fJL0V TlOrjfll V7T€p TWU TTpo/3aTU>V. KCU aAAa 7TpO-
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otl eyaj Tidrjpu rrjv ij/vxrjv p<ov, tva rrdXtv Xafiu* avrrjv,
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24 crroa rou 2oAo/aojvo9.re/cu/cA.a)o~av
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28 Kayw SiSwfxt avrots £(*yr)v alwvcov, /cat ov p^rj diroXi^vrai
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214 KATA IOANHN X XT
kcll ovScts hvvarai dp7ra£cty Ik tt}<s xeipus. tov Trarpos.
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tot)? rrdSas ets tov atwva. drr^Kp'St] lrjcrovs aurw 'Eav
9 p.7^ VLlj/O) CT€) OVK €^Ct9 [JL€pOS /X€T ijilOV. Xcyet aVTW
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12 to et7T€v ot( Ov^t 7ra'vT€s KaOapoi tart. "Ore CVV €Vt\j/€V
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222 RATA IQANHN XIII
aV€Ve(TCV tdXlV, TOVS 7ToSaS CLVTtoV KCtl iXafieV T(X t/XOLTta CLVTOV K(ll ' dvilT€-
CCV, TTdXiV ' €L77€V CLVTOLS TlV(±>(TK€T€ TL TT€TrOL7]Ka VjJlIv J
r/xeis cj)u>V£LT€ fxe 'O SiSacKaXos /cat 'O /cupios, kcu KaXcCs 13
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eycJ i—OLrjcTa vplv kcu v/xcis iroLrjre. ajjirjv ap.rjv Xeyco v/up, 16
CUK CCTTLV SouXoS fXCL^O)V TOV KVpLOV CLVTOV OV$k aTTOCTToXoS
[jlcl£(x)v tov TrijJoj/avTos avTov. €i TavTct olSare, /xa/capiot 17
icrrc lav TroirjTC avra, ov TrepLiravTOiV vjjlcdv Xeyar eyw otSa is
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TOON MOY TON ApTON CTTHpeN 6H CM6 THN TTTepiMAN
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6yt3et;.ci (TT€vr]T€ otov yivrjTat otl cya> ci/xt . att^F afJLYJv Xeyco 20
£/ui/, o Xafi/3dv(x)V av rtva Trefjuj/u) ifxk Xa/x/3aV€t, o Se €/x€
Xafx/3av(DV XafxpavcL tov Trep-ij/avTa /xe. Taura 21
ct7rwr 'Irycrous CTapd^Orj tgj TrvcvjxaTt Kal e/xaprvp^crer /cat
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TO) zed/Wei) rou 'iTycroO, 6V rjydira [o] I^crovs* J'evet ow 24
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tc clcrrjXdev cts €K€tj/ov d SaTavas. Xcyet 0S1/ avT<5
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XIII XIV RATA I12ANHN 223
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XIV XV KATA IQANHN 225
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28 p,?} rapao'cricrOo} vfiwv 77 KapSta firfSe. SctXtaVa). ^KOvcraTC
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tov 6rj virep tujv cJ>l\q)V avrov. vpLels c£>lXol fJiov core idv 14
a TroirjTC o eyw c^TcAAo/xax x>xuv. oukcti Acya) i;/xas oorAofs, 15
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cVtcAAo/xcii vplv Iva dyairaTe d\\rj\.ovs. Ei d koct/xos 18
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d Adyos d ev tw vd/xw ai^rcuv ycypa/x/xcvos oTt EMICHCAN
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kcu v[xeLS 8c fJLCtpTVpeLTe, otl d-rr dpxrjs 1*<£T efxov e- 27
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XVI RATA IQANHN 227
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18 7rpos tov TraTepa; eXeyov ovv Tt Icttlv tovto XiycL /xt-
19 Kpov; ovk oi8a/xcv [rt XaXetJ. lyyo) It^ctov? ort yOeXov
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228 RATA IQANHN XVI XVII
Trjv yapav otl ly€vvrj6r] avOpanros *U tov Koo-p-ov. kol 22
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T I T N
(J) I A H M N A
The text of this edition of the New Testament has been formed
exclusively on documentary evidence, no account being taken of any
printed edition. Wherever the documents vary from each other,
criticism is needed to determine which readings are to be retained as
genuine, and which are to be rejected as errors that have arisen in
the course of transmission. In the Introduction which forms part of
the accompanying volume an attempt has been made to examine at
some length the true principles of textual criticism generally, and
the leading results which follow from their application to the NewTestament ; and a summary of the contents of the Introduction is
appended to the present volume. A brief and general explanation
may however be useful to some readers of the text, who may not
care to study in detail the discussions and statements of evidence
upon which the various conclusions set forth in the Introduction are
founded.
Wherever there are more readings than one, two classes of evi-
dence are available for making the decision between them. Wemay compare the probability of the readings themselves, that is,
employ internal evidence; and we may compare the authority of
the documents which attest them, that is, employ external or docu-
mentary evidence.
Internal evidence is itself of two kinds, the consideration of
what an author is likely to have written, and the consideration of
what a copyist is likely to have made him seem to have written.
The former kind, resting on * intrinsic' probability, valuable as it
sometimes is, has little force in the innumerable variations in
35
542
which each of the rival readings is unobjectionable, so that either
of them would be reasonably approved in the absence of the other.
The latter kind, resting on ' transcriptional ' probability, is not less
valuable; but it is subject to analogous uncertainty, because in a
vast number of cases each reading can be explained as a corruption
of the other by reference to some tendency of scribes which is knownto be often productive of textual change, and the tendency which
actually operated in producing change in any particular case need
not be the tendency which is most obvious to modern eyes. A few
hours spent in studying a series of the countless corrections which
no one would think of accepting will shew the variety of instinct to
be found among scribes, the frequent disagreement between their
instincts and our own, and, above all, the conflicting effects of dif-
ferent instincts in the same passage. Moreover, though normally a
scribe's correction, or, more properly, corruption, should exhibit at
once plausibility and latent inferiority, that is, should be condemned
by transcriptional and by intrinsic evidence alike, the imperfection
of our knowledge more commonly leaves unreconciled the apparent
conflict of the two kinds of probability, arising out of the considera-
tion that no scribe would consciously introduce a worse reading
instead,of a better. Lastly, all decisions made solely or chiefly on
the ground of internal evidence are subject to the chances of mistake
inseparable from single and isolated judgements : they lack the se-
curity given by comparison and mutual correction. Hence it is dan-
gerous to fix the mind in the first instance on any kind of internal
probability : the bias thus inevitably acquired can hardly fail to
mislead where the authority of documents is not obviously clear and
decisive at once. The uses of internal evidence are subordinate and
accessory : if taken as the primary guide, it cannot but lead to
extensive error.
Documentary evidence in its simplest form consists in the rela-
tive authority of individual documents ; that is, in the relative ante-
cedent probability that a reading attested by them is the true
reading. This is what is meant when it is said in popular language
that 'good MSS ' should be trusted. A presumption of relatively
high authority is conferred by priority of date ; a presumption veri-
fied on the average by experience, but still no more than a pre-
sumption, because the exemplar from which a MS was copied
may have been either only a little older than itself or of any earlier
543
date, and because corruption may be rapid in one line of transmis-
sion, slow in another. The only adequate criterion of authority for
an individual document, apart from its affinity to other documents,
is the character of its text, as ascertained by the fullest possible
comparison of its different readings ; the variations in which internal
evidence is of such exceptional clearness as to be provisionally
decisive being taken as tests of the general characteristics of the
text throughout, and thus shewing how far it is likely to have pre-
served genuine readings in the more numerous variations in which
internal evidence is more or less ambiguous. Criticism resting on
this basis, the basis of ' internal evidence of documents ' as distin-
guished from the preceding * internal evidence of readings', involves
not a single but a threefold process ; tentative examination of
readings, examination of the texts of documents by means of the
materials thus collected, and final decision upon readings. It thus
makes all variations contribute to the interpretation of each. Its
principle may be expressed in the single proposition, Knowledge of
documents should precede final judgement upon readings.
The use of * internal evidence of documents ' in the New Testa-
ment is however impeded by various exceptions to the homogene-
ousness of texts, especially by the difficulty of applying it to a plu-
rality of documents in places where the better documents are ranged
on different sides, and by the fusion of two or more independent texts
in one. This fusion or mixture would arise in several different ways.
Sometimes two exemplars would be used together in transcription
:
sometimes a scribe would consciously or unconsciously intermingle
reminiscences of another MS with the text which he was copying
:
sometimes variant readings noted in the margin of the exemplar, or
inserted as corrections of it, would be substituted for the corre-
sponding readings of the exemplar itself. Now, since almost every
important document combines readings from more than one ancient
source, the nature and therefore ultimately the value of its testimony
in any particular case must vary accordingly; and there is no possi-
bility of discriminating the readings derived from the several sources
except by observing what the other documents are with which in
each case it is associated. When therefore each document is treated
as a constant unit of authority, so that the attestation of each reading
becomes merely the sum of such units, there is no way of arriving
at a decision except by resolving the comparison of total authority
544
for two readings into a simple arithmetical balance ; and this arith-
metical proceeding must be hopelessly vitiated by the impossibility
of assigning to each document a numerical value proportional to its
ascertained excellence, as well as by the fragmentary nature of manydocuments, and the large element of consequent fortuitousness in
the amount of extant attestation for this or that reading. A more
or less distinct sense of these difficulties has doubtless had a con-
siderable influence in encouraging a dangerous reliance on the direct
use of ' internal evidence of readings ' in the New Testament. But
unfortunately this is an expedient which succeeds only in disguising
the uncertainty, not in removing it.
There is but one way through the chaos of complex attestation
;
and that is by tracing it back to its several causes, in other words,
by enquiring what antecedent circumstances of transmission will
account for such combinations of agreements and differences be-
tween the several documents as we find actually existing. All
trustworthy restoration of corrupted texts is founded on the study
of their history, that is, of the relations of descent or affinity
which connect the several documents. The importance of gene-
alogy in textual criticism is at once shown by the considerations
that no multiplication of copies, or of copies of copies, can give
their joint testimony any higher authority than that of the single
document from which they sprang, and that one early document
may have left a single descendant, another a hundred or a thou-
sand. Since then identical numerical relations among existing
documents are compatible with the utmost dissimilarity in the
numerical relations among their ancestors, and vice versa, no avail-
able presumptions whatever as to text can be obtained from number
alone, that is, from number not as yet interpreted by descent.
When, as often happens, the extant copies of an ancient work
can be distributed into definite families having each a single com-
mon ancestor, the task of tracing textual genealogy is compara-
tively easy. In the New Testament the problem is one of muchcomplexity, not only from the amount and variety of evidence, but
from the early and frequent confluence of different lines of descent
by mixture. Instances of immediate derivation of one extant docu-
ment from another are extremely rare. But the combined evidence
of agreements and discrepancies clearly discloses the existence of
many sets of extant documents, deriving a greater or less part of
545 U-
their text ultimately from single lost documents, or from single
lines of transmission consisting of successions of lost documents.
The relation of the whole mass of documents containing a book to
the single autograph is in fact repeated on a smaller scale by each
subordinate set of documents for a large body of their readings; andit is impossible to have any true conception of the origin of the
present distribution of readings till it is clearly understood that
fundamentally all textual transmission takes the form of a genea-
logical tree, diverging into smaller and smaller branches, of which
the extant documents are casual and scattered fragments or joints.
This fundamental type of transmission is indeed greatly obscured in
the New Testament by the coalescence of different branches of the
tree through textual mixture, and the consequent rarity of pure
representatives of the earlier and wholly divergent branches. But
this seeming confusion is comparatively seldom productive of real
and permanent difficulty in determining what lines of transmission
did or did not contain a given reading in ancient times.
The use of genealogical evidence, like the use of 'internal
evidence of documents', brings to the elucidation of each single
place a knowledge gained by the examination of many, and thus
involves three successive processes. In this instance they are, first,
the analysis and comparison of the documentary evidence for a suc-
cession of individual variations ; next, the investigation of the
genealogical relations between the documents, and therefore be-
tween their ancestors, by means of the materials thus obtained;
and thirdly, the application of these genealogical relations to the
interpretation of the documentary evidence for each individual
variation. The results of the interpretation of documentary evi-
dence thus and thus alone made possible are various. In the first
place, it winnows away a multitude of readings which genealogical
relations prove to be of late origin, and which therefore cannot
have been derived by transmission from the autograph. Further,
as regards all other readings, it so presents and limits the possible
genealogical antecedents of the existing combinations of docu-
mentary evidence as to supply presumptions in favour of one read-
ing against another, varying from what amounts under favourable
circumstances to practically absolute certainty down to complete
equipoise. On the other hand the inequalities and occasional am-
biguities in the evidence for the genealogical relations frequently
546
leave room for more than one interpretation. In what manner the
genealogical principle can be applied to these more difficult cases
will appear presently.
The documentary evidence for the text of the New Testament
consists of Greek MSS dating from the fourth to the sixteenth
century, most of the earlier being in a fragmentary state ; of ancient
Versions in different languages ; and of quotations found in the
extant remains of the Fathers, written in Greek, in Latin, and
to a small extent in Syriac. In order to understand fully the
history of the text, documents of all kinds and ages have to be
taken into account ; though, as soon as the history is known,
a vast numerical majority of documents must be treated as of no
primary authority in ordinary variations. Since even the two
earliest Greek MSS do not carry us back further than to the middle
of the fourth century, the fixing of historical landmarks is chiefly
dependent on the evidence of patristic quotations, which are for the
most part definitely chronological, and also of the versions, three or
four of which can hardly have been later than the second century.
Each kind of evidence has its own imperfections. Quotations are
often made from memory, and therefore liable to be loose and
confused : different forms of text are used at different times by the
same writer : and another kind of uncertainty is introduced by the
diversity of text often exhibited by the MSS of patristic writings in
quotations, which betrays the liability to corruption from the in-
fluence of late current texts of the New Testament, and by the
uncritical handling from which the text of most Fathers still suffers.
Versions are affected by the genius and grammatical peculiarities of
their language, and in other respects are not equally or uniformly
literal ; while some have as yet been insufficiently edited. But all
these drawbacks,, however they introduce ambiguity into the evidence
for single passages, do not materially impede the arrival at secure
conclusions, about the history of the text at large.
Comparison with patristic quotations discloses at once the
striking fact that all the more considerable variations of reading
must have arisen before the latter half of the fourth century.
Variations of later origin are for the most part of little moment, and
the changes. which, took ptace after that period were mainly changes
in the distribution! of readings already existing. A text virtually
547
identical with the prevalent Greek text of the Middle Ages wasused by Chrysostom and other Antiochian Fathers in the latter
part of the fourth century, and thus must have been represented
by MSS as old as any MS now surviving. This Antiochian or6 Syrian ' text can frequently be recognised as standing out in oppo-
sition to the text or texts of most of the definitely ancient documents.
Another great landmark is furnished by the writings of Origen,
which carry us to the middle of the third century, and even earlier.
They establish the prior existence of at least three types of text,
which can be identified through numerous readings distinctively
attested by characteristic groups of extant documents. The most
clearly marked of these is one that has long been conventionally
known as * Western'. Another, less j:>rominent as being less con-
sistently represented by any single ancient document, may be called
' Alexandrian '. The third holds a middle or neutral position, some-
times simply opposed to Western or to Alexandrian readings, occa-
sionally opposed to Western and to Alexandrian readings alike.
On the other hand Origen's writings contain no certain traces of
distinctively Syrian readings.
The priority of two at least of the three texts just noticed to
the Syrian text is further brought to light by the existence of a
certain number of distinctively Syrian readings which prove on
close examination to be due to a combination of the Western with
the neutral readings. Moreover the use of Western and of neutral
readings thus presupposed renders it morally certain that other
readings from the same sources were adopted as they stood, some-
times from a Western, sometimes from a neutral text ; and the sup-
position is fully confirmed by an analysis of the distribution of docu-
mentary attestation. A similar analysis in other cases shews that
Alexandrian readings also were sometimes adopted by the authors
of the Syrian text. To the two processes of combination and
direct selective adoption must be added a third, selective adoption
with modifications. In fact the Syrian text has all the marks of
having been carefully constructed out of materials which are
accessible to us on other authority, and apparently out of these
alone. All the readings which have an exclusively Syrian attesta-
tion can be easily accounted for as parts of an editorial revision
;
and none of them have the stamp of genuineness to attest the
use of extraneous and purer sources.
548
Leaving then the Syrian text, we have to consider the relations
between its predecessors. The rapid and wide propagation of the
Western text is the most striking phenomenon of textual history in
the three centuries following the death of the Apostles. The first
clear evidence (Marcion, Justin) shews us a text containing definitely
Western readings before the middle of the second century ; and a
similar text is predominant, to say the least, in the ample citations
made towards the end of the century. Nay, the text used by all the
Ante-Nicene Greek writers not connected with Alexandria, who
have left considerable remains (Irenseus, Hippolytus, Methodius),
is substantially Western. Even in the two chief Alexandrians,
Clement and Origen, especially in some of Origen's writings,
Western quotations hold a conspicuous place, while in Eusebius
they are on the whole predominant. After Eusebius they make no
show in Greek theology, except so far as they were adopted into
eclectic texts : a few writers offer rare traces of the expiring tradition,
but nothing more. The Old Latin version in both its earlier forms
was Western. from the first. The Old Syriac, so far as can be judged
from a single imperfect MS of the Gospels, was at least predomi-
nantly Western too. But indeed the Western influence to a certain
extent affected every ancient version sooner or later: in those of
Upper Egypt, Ethiopia, and Armenia it is often peculiarly well
marked.
WThen Western readings generally are confronted with their
ancient rivals in order to obtain a broad view of the relations
between the texts, it would be difficult for any textual critic to
doubt that the Western not merely is the less pure text, but also
owes most of its differences to a perilous confusion between tran-
scription and reproduction, and even between the preservation of a
record and its supposed improvement. Its chief and constant
characteristic is a love of paraphrase, not generically different from
the tendency to verbal modification exhibited by many scribes, but
rather an extreme form of it. Words and even clauses are changed,
omitted, and inserted with surprising freedom, wherever it seemed
that the meaning could be brought out with greater force and
definiteness. Another common and dangerous type of licence
which is seen here in full force is the assimilation of clauses or
sentences at once like and unlike, and especially the obliteration of
the characteristic statements of the several Gospels in parallel
549
passages through the natural impulse to harmonise and to complete.
More peculiar to the Western text is the readiness to adopt altera-
tions or additions from sources extraneous to the books whichultimately became canonical. These various tendencies must havebeen in action for some time. The Western text is not to be
thought of as a single recension, complete from the first. Howeverits parent copy or copies may have differed from the originals,
there must have been no little subsequent and progressive change.
Meanwhile the Western licence did not prevail everywhere, and
MSS unaffected by its results were still copied. The perpetuation
of the purer text may in great measure be laid to the credit of the
watchful scholars of Alexandria : its best representatives among the
versions are the Egyptian, and especially that of Lower Egypt ; and
the quotations which follow it are most abundant in Clement,
Origen, (Dionysius, Peter,) Didymus, and the younger Cyril, all
Alexandrians. On the other hand there are many textual facts
which it would be difficult to reconcile with an exclusive limitation
of the Non-Western text to Alexandria in early times ; and, as might
have been anticipated, there is sufficient evidence that here and
there elsewhere it held its ground with more or less success against
the triumphant popularity of Western readings. But further, as
was indirectly noticed above, a group of extant documents bears
witness to the early existence of independent corruptions, appa-
rently Alexandrian in origin. They are in all respects much less
important, as well as less numerous, than the Western readings, and
betray no inclination to introduce extraneous matter, or to have
recourse to the bolder forms of change. They often shew care
and skill, more especially in the use of language, and sometimes
present a deceptive appearance of originality.
The unfortunate loss of nearly all the Christian literature of the
second half of the third century makes a partial chasm in textual
history ; but it is evident that increasing intercourse between
churches led to much mixture of texts in that interval of compara-
tive peace. Apart from miscellaneous and accidental mixture, it is
probable that more than one eclectic text was deliberately formed.
One such at all events, to which reference has been already made,
must belong either to this time or to the years which follow. The
Syrian text has all the appearance of being a careful attempt to
supersede the chaos of rival texts by a judicious selection from them
/
55°
all. It would be doing violence alike to all that is known of ancient
criticism and to the evidence supplied by a comparison of the
results with the antecedent materials to imagine that the Syrian
revisers would have any trustworthy means of learning which of the
various texts, MSS, or readings had the best pedigree. They could
only be guided by ' intrinsic' probabilities of a vague kind, and were
not in a position to distinguish between the purity of a text and its
present acceptability or usefulness. They evidently wished their
text to be, as far as possible, easy, smooth, and complete ; and for
this purpose borrowed freely from all quarters, and as freely used
the file to remove surviving asperities.
In the fourth century mixture prevailed almost everywhere
:
nearly all its texts, so far as they can be seen through the quotations
of theologians, are more or less chaotic. In the early years the
persecution under Diocletian and his colleagues, and then the
reaction under Constantine, must have affected the text not less
powerfully than the Canon of the New Testament. The long
and serious effort to annihilate the Scriptures could not be other-
wise than unequally successful in different places, and thus the
texts current in certain districts would o"btain rapid extension in
the next generation. Moreover various tendencies of that century
of rapid innovation were unfavourable to the preservation of local
peculiarities. It is therefore no wonder that the ancient types of
text are seldom to be discerned except in fragments intermingled
with other texts. Meanwhile the Syrian text grew in influence.
For some centuries after the fourth there was in the East a joint
currency of the Syrian and other texts, nearly all mixed ; but at last
the Syrian text almost wholly displaced the rest. The causes of this
supremacy are not far to seek. Western Christendom became
exclusively Latin, as well as estranged from Eastern Christendom :
with few exceptions the use and knowledge of the Greek language
died out in the West. The ravages of the barbarians and Maho-
metans destroyed the MSS of vast regions, and narrowly limited
the area within which transcription was carried on. On the other
hand Greek Christendom became centralised, with Constantinople
for its centre. Now Antioch is the true ecclesiastical parent of
Constantinople ; so that naturally the Antiochian text of the fourth
century would first acquire traditional if not formal authority at
Constantinople, and then become in practice the standard New
55*
Testament of the Greek East. To carry the history one step
further, the printed ' Received Text ' of the sixteenth century, with
the exception of scattered readings commended in most cases by
Latin authority to Erasmus or his successors, is a reproduction of
the Syrian text in this its mediaeval form.
Such being in brief the history of the text, the first endeavour
of the critic must evidently be to penetrate beyond the time of
mixture, and ascertain as far as possible what readings were to be
found in the several lines of tradition while they still preserved their
distinctive characters. For this purpose it is necessary to ascertain
}iow far the texts of the several existing documents correspond with
the principal ancient texts. No satisfactory result was attainable
so long as even our oldest documents wTere assumed to be constant
and faithful representatives of ancient texts or * recensions '. Yet
they will yield up indirectly to careful criticism the evidence which
is vainly sought from them by direct inspection. A double process
is necessary ; first to discover the outlines of the history, as it has
just been sketched, from the sum total of evidence of all dates and
all kinds, and then to apply the standard so obtained to determine
the origin and character of each principal document by means of the
numerous variations in which the grouping of documents is tolerably
free from obscurity. A document may have transmitted one ancient
type of text in approximate purity ; or it may be directly or
indirectly derived by mixture from originals of different defined
types ; or it may have arisen from a more comprehensive mixture.
What has to be noted is, first, the presence or absence of distinc-
tively Syrian or distinctively Pre-Syrian readings ; and secondly,
among Pre-Syrian readings, the presence or absence of distinctively
Western, or distinctively Alexandrian, or distinctively neutral
readings.
When the texts of existing documents are tested in this manner,
it becomes evident that they are almost all in some sense mixed.
One Greek MS in most chapters of the Gospels and Acts (D), two
in St Paul's Epistles (D2G3 ),
one in the Epistle to the Hebrews
(D2) have approximately Western texts. Of the two oldest MSS,
K is Pre-Syrian and largely neutral, but with considerable Western
and Alexandrian elements, B is Pre-Syrian and almost wholly
neutral, but with a limited Western element in the Pauline Epistles.
552
All other Greek MSS contain a greater or less Syrian element, and
their Pre-Syrian elements almost always exhibit readings of all
three Pre-Syrian types, though in different proportions. Nor is the
general proportion of mixture by any means uniform throughout
each document : thus the Syrian element of A is very large in the
Gospels, much smaller in the other books, the transcription having
probably been made from different smaller exemplars in different
parts of the New Testament. The Western character of the Old
Latin version in its earlier forms and apparently of the Old Syriac
has been already noticed. The other early versions, the Memphitic
and Thebaic, both Egyptian, are apparently altogether Pre-Syrian :
they certainly are for the most part sometimes neutral, sometimes
Alexandrian, though not without a Western element, which in the
Thebaic is considerable. A revision of the Old Syriac version
appears to have taken place early in the fourth century, or sooner
;
and doubtless in some connexion with the Syrian revision of the
Greek text, the readings being to a very great extent coincident.
All subsequent versions and revisions of versions are much affected
by Syrian influence, more especially the Gothic and the * Italian
'
Latin : but the Pre-Syrian elements of the Ethiopic, the Armenian,
and the Jerusalem Syriac are large and important.
The textual elements of each principal document having been
thus ascertained, it now becomes possible to determine the genealogy
of a much larger number of individual readings than before in rela-
tion to the several ancient texts. The process can hardly be reduced
to rule : but after a while the contrasted groupings of attestation
become for the most part easy to interpret with patience and care.
When once the ancient distribution of a reading has thus been
ascertained, the characteristics of the several ancient texts furnish
presumptions of the highest value as to its genuineness or spuri-
ousness.
A reading marked as Syrian or Post-Syrian by the range of the
documents which attest it may be safely rejected at once. If it has
but one rival, that rival reading will be sustained by the united
authority of all Pre-Syrian texts, Western, Alexandrian, and neutral
alike. If there are two or more rival readings, this circumstance
leaves untouched the antecedent improbability of all distinctively
Syrian readings as deduced from the historical relations of the
Syrian text as a whole to other texts. On the other hand it is a
553
less simple matter to determine the antecedent probability or im-
probability of readings ascertained to be evidently or probably Pre-
Syrian. A more precise definition of origin has in all cases to be
sought, since the most important divergences of text took place in
Pre-Syrian times.
Here the Syrian text comes in again from another point of view,
as disguising the relative attestation of two or more Pre-Syrian
readings. In the numberless cases in which the Syrian revisers
adopted unchanged one or other of the earlier readings a necessary
result was the doubling, so to speak, of the attestation of that
reading : it cannot but have the combined support of all the extant
documents which in these variations have a Syrian origin and of
all the extant documents which in these variations have a Pre-
Syrian origin of a particular type. It will thus present the ap-
pearance of being much more fully attested than its rival, though
in reality a large part of its attestation is merely equivalent to
the single Syrian text. The importance of this consideration is
especially exemplified by the numerous Western readings which
owe a deceptive amplitude of apparent authority to the accident
that they found favour with the Syrian revisers when numerous other
readings of identical origin and not inferior character were refused.
Allowance being made for this possible cause of erroneous
estimation of evidence, a large proportion of Pre-Syrian readings can
be confidently referred to one or other of the chief Pre-Syrian lines
of attestation. When these lines of attestation are compared with
each other as wholes by examination of the internal evidence for
and against the whole body of their respective readings, it becomes
manifest that as wholes the Western and Alexandrian texts are
aberrant texts. Where there are but two readings, the Non-Wes-
tern approves itself to be more original than the Western, the Non-
Alexandrian than the Alexandrian : where there are three readings,
the neutral reading, if supported by such documents as stand most
frequently on both the Non-Western and the Non-Alexandrian sides
in the preceding cases, approves itself more original than either the
Western or the Alexandrian.
There are some scattered Western and Alexandrian readings
which in the present state of knowledge it would be imprudent to
reject altogether. Nay, there are a few places in the Gospels,
marked in this edition with a special notation, in which we believe
554
that the Western text represents faithfully the autographs in its
omission of matter contained in all Non-Western documents. In
these last exceptional cases, when they- are considered together, in-
ternal evidence is peculiarly strong : and moreover, in the absence
of special grounds to the contrary, erroneous insertion of matter is
always antecedently more probable than its erroneous omission,
owing to the constant tendency of scribes towards completeness of
text and their equally constant unwillingness to let go anything
which they have received. On the other hand the textual integrity
of the Western text cannot rightly be upheld in the numerous places
in which it has preserved interesting matter omitted in the other
Pre-Syrian texts, yet manifestly not due to the inventiveness of
scribes, much less to any of the ordinary incidents of transcription.
All these places, it should be observed, occur in the historical
books, and perhaps in the Gospels only. The paradox disappears
when it is remembered that the causes of various readings originating
in very early times need not all lie within the text itself. When the
Western text was growing up, oral traditions and written memorials
of the apostolic age were still current, doubtless mixed in character
;
while the reverence paid to the writings which ultimately formed
the Canon of the New Testament had not yet assumed a character
that would forbid what might well seem their temperate enrichment
from other memories or records. A few of the more important of
these peculiar interpolations from extraneous sources are inserted in
the text of the Gospels, or appended to them, with a special nota-
tion ; and it has likewise been thought worth while to print many of
the rest in the margin within distinctive marks, along with some
other interesting Western readings. But the accessory recognition
of these classes of readings, in association with the books of the NewTestament, not as originally forming part of their true text, does
not affect the primary conclusion derived from genealogical evi-
dence with reference to the chief ancient texts, that readings found
either in the Western alone of the Pre-Syrian texts or in the Alex-
andrian alone of the Pre-Syrian texts must lie under a strong pre-
sumption of having been introduced by scribes.
Numerous variations remain in which the distribution of
documentary evidence may be reasonably interpreted in more
ways than one, so that a reference of the several readings to
555
this or that principal ancient text is open to doubt ; or in which
there is little or no reason to suppose that the divergence of read-
ing has any connexion with the divergence of the principal an-
cient texts. Here too however the genealogical principle can be
applied by an extension of ' internal evidence of documents ' to
the lost ancestors of groups of documents. The general internal
character of distinctively Western and of distinctively Alexan-
drian readings was ascertained in precisely the same manner as
the general internal character of any single document is ascertained,
namely by consecutive examination of the whole body of readings
;
and the power thus given of employing easy variations as a key to
difficult variations is of universal range, the same mode of testing
general internal character being applicable to the whole body of
readings of any other group of documents which frequently stands
out in opposition to other documents. In every place in which
two or more documents have the same reading, unless the reading
is such as can naturally be accounted for by accidental coincidence,
they must by the nature of the case have had a single commonancestor, whether it be the autograph or some later MS. If the
same group of documents is found standing by itself in a consider-
able series of readings, sufficient material is provided for generali-
sations as to the common ancestor in all these places, which
ancestor is virtually a series of fragments of a lost MS. This * inter-
nal evidence of groups', by rendering it possible to estimate as
wholes the documentary arrays by which rival readings are attested,
independently of any estimates that may be formed of the cha-
racter of their constituent members individually, escapes the diffi-
culties caused by mixture which beset every attempt to treat indi-
vidual documents of the New Testament as so many ' authorities
'
of constant value.
The number of groups that deserve serious attention is soon
found to be comparatively small. Neither Greek MSS containing
a large amount of distinctively Pre-Syrian text nor early Versions
nor early Fathers are numerous, and to a great extent they are
fragmentary or discontinuous; and combinations into which none
of them enter may evidently in most cases be safely neglected.
It is likewise soon found that various groups practically identical
are somewhat variable in their limits through the defection of one
or another of the documents which are habitually their members.
556
This is the natural result of the casual eclecticism of miscellaneous
mixture, which tends to disguise the simplicity of the primitive rela-
tions of text under a superficial complexity of existing attestation.
Before investigation has proceeded far, it becomes manifest that the
groups which can by any possibility carry authority in doubtful
variations are sure to contain one or more of a very small number of
primary Greek MSS. In strictness the earlier Versions and Fathers
should be included in the list of primary documents, and the process
would certainly be incomplete if no account were ultimately taken
of readings attested by them without the support of any primary
Greek MS ; but nothing is lost and much simplicity is gained by
treating them in the first instance as accessory to Greek MSS.The next step is to determine how far there is a common element
in all or most of those groups which shew the best character when
tried by 'internal evidence of groups'. Here two remarkable facts
come out successively with especial clearness, the constant supe-
riority of groups containing both B and K to groups containing
neither, wherever internal evidence is tolerably unambiguous, and
the general but by no means universal superiority of groups con-
taining B to opposed groups containing K. These facts exactly
correspond the one with the immunity of both MSS from Syrian
readings, and the other with the almost complete immunity of Bfrom the mixture with the chief aberrant Pre-Syrian texts which has
largely affected K ; while they are elicited from a different kind
of evidence. They are moreover independent of the size of the
groups. Thus the cases in which KB have no support from other
Greek MSS, or no documentary support at all, are connected by
every gradation with the cases in which they stand at the head of
a considerable group. If B and K were for a great part of their text
derived from a proximate common original, that common original,
whatever might have been its own date, must have had a very ancient
and a very pure text. There is however no tangible evidence for
this supposition; while various considerations drawn from careful
comparison of the accessory attestation of readings supported by KBtogether, by B against K, and by K against B respectively, render
it morally certain that the ancestries of B and of K diverged from
a point near the autographs, and never came into contact subse-
quently ; so that the coincidence of KB marks those portions of
text in which two primitive and entirely separate lines of trans-
557
mission had not come to differ from each other through independent
corruption in the one or the other. Accordingly, with certain
limited classes of exceptions, the readings of KB combined maysafely be accepted as genuine in the absence of specially strong in-
ternal evidence to the contrary, and can never be safely rejected
altogether.
Next come the numerous variations in which K and B stand
on different sides. Here an important lesson is learned by examin-
ing in the same consecutive manner as before the readings of every
combination of each of these MSS with one other primary MS.Every such binary combination containing B (as in the Gospels
BL, BC, BT, &c.) is found to have a large proportion of readings
which on the closest scrutiny have the ring of genuineness, and
hardly any that look suspicious after full consideration : in fact, the
character of such groups is scarcely to be distinguished from that of
NB. On the other hand every combination of tt with another
primary MS presents for the most part readings which cannot be
finally approved, along with, it may be, a few which deserve more
consideration. All other MSS stand the trial with even less success
than X.
Analogous though not identical results are obtained by testing
the groups formed by H or B with only secondary support, that is,
associated only with inferior Greek MSS, or with Versions, or with
Fathers, or with two or three of these classes of documents. The same
high standard of excellence as before is reached where groups of this
kind containing B shew variety in the accessory evidence : where B is
supported by a single version only, the character varies with the
version associated. Even when B stands quite alone, its readings
must never be lightly rejected, though here full account has to be
taken of the chances of clerical error, and of such proclivities as can
be detected in the scribe of B, chiefly a tendency to slight and
inartificial assimilation between neighbouring passages : the fondness
for omissions which has sometimes been attributed to him is imagi-
nary, except perhaps as regards single petty words. On the other
hand the readings in which K stands alone bear almost always the
marks of either carelessness or boldness ; and except in a few read-
ings, some of them important, the general character of all the
various groups containing K with such accessory attestation as is
described above is more or less suspicious. Many of the readings
36
558
of such groups are, it can hardly be doubted, Western, and manyothers Alexandrian. Still more unfavourable results are obtained
by a similar testing of other single MSS.These general results are such as might naturally be anticipated
from the relations of tf and B to other documents and to each other.
It was to be expected that the text of the extremely ancient commonsource of B and X, which is shown by the concordant readings of
NB to have been of singular purity, should as a rule be preserved in
one or other of the two MSS where they differ ; and further that Bshould usually, though not always, be its faithful representative.
The wrong readings of B, with whatever amount of accessory
attestation, being for the most part due only to sporadic corruption,
it would naturally preserve a much larger amount of the commonancestral text than a MS so largely affected by Western and Alex-
andrian influences as X ; and, as regards readings in which each
of them stands alone, the different types of transcription character-
istic of their respective scribes would naturally have similar con-
sequences.
Although however a text formed by taking B as the sole
authority, except where it contains self-betraying errors, would be
incomparably nearer the true text of the autographs than a text
formed in like manner from any other single document, it would
certainly include many wrong readings ; and the only safe criticism
is that which throughout takes account of all existing evidence.
The places in which the true reading appears to have been lost in
both B and X are extremely few ; but certain or possible exceptions
to the usual superiority of B to X are many ; and thus the various
presumptions afforded by the internal character of various groups of
documents are invaluable, while * internal evidence of readings ' is
often a helpful instrument of verification in the last decision,
removing many uncertainties which must otherwise have continued
unresolved, and again occasionally suggesting uncertainties which
claim recognition. Such also, wherever the ancient texts are diffi-
cult to identify, are virtually the resources on which criticism
depends in those parts of the Epistles which have perished in B,
namely in the latter part (ix 14—end) of the Epistle to the Hebrews, in
the Pastoral Epistles, and in the Epistle to Philemon. In the Apoca-
lypse the authority of single documents is merged still more in that
of grouped documents and in internal evidence ; and the leading
559
ancient texts are at least more obscure than elsewhere. WhetherB ever contained the Apocalypse or not, it is now defective from
Hebrews ix 14 onward. The loss is the greater because in the
Apocalypse N has a text conspicuously inferior to its text of the
other books, partly inherited from earlier more or less corrupted
texts, partly due to increased licence of transcription ; and, though
A, more especially when it is supported by C, here proves itself
entitled to considerable authority, it does but imperfectly supply the
deficiency, and moreover the want of early and good versions other
than the Latin is sensibly felt. Yet even here the number of varia-
tions in which it is difficult to come to a trustworthy conclusion
is much smaller than might have been anticipated.
The sketch contained in the preceding pages may suffice to
indicate the principal lines of criticism which have been followed
in this edition. The aim of sound textual criticism must always be
to take account of every class of textual facts, and to assign to
the evidence supplied by each class its proper use and rank. Whenonce it is clearly understood that, by the very nature of textual
transmission, all existing documents are more or less closely related
to each other, and that these relations of descent and affinity have
been the determining causes of nearly all their readings, the his-
torical investigation of general and partial genealogy becomes the
necessary starting-point of criticism. Genealogical results, taken
in combination with the internal character of the chief ancient texts
or of the texts of extant documentary groups, supply the presump-
tions, stronger or weaker as the case may be, which constitute the
primary and often the virtually decisive evidence for one reading as
against another. Before however the decision as to any variation is
finally made, it is always prudent, and often necessary, to take into
consideration the internal evidence specially affecting it, both
intrinsic and transcriptional. If it points to a result different
from that which the documentary evidence suggested, a second and
closer inspection will usually detect some hitherto overlooked cha-
racteristic of the best attested reading which might naturally lead
to its alteration ; while sometimes on the other hand reexamination
brings to light an ambiguity in the attestation. No definite rule
can be given in the comparatively few cases in which the apparent
conflict remains, more especially where the documentary evidence
S6o
is scanty on one side or obscure. The ultimate determination must
evidently be here left to personal judgement on a comprehensive
review of the whole evidence. But in a text so richly attested
as that of the New Testament it is dangerous to reject a reading
clearly commended by documentary evidence genealogically inter-
preted, though it is by no means always safe to reject the rival read-
ing. Here, as in the many variations in which documentary and
internal evidence are both indecisive, it is manifestly right to
abstain from placing before the reader an appearance of greater
certainty than really exists, and therefore to print alternative read-
ings, so as to mark the places where an absolute decision would at
present be arbitrary, and also to mark the limits within which the
uncertainty is confined.
The office of criticism thus far has been to discriminate between
existing various readings, adopting one and discarding another.
But it is at least theoretically possible that the originality of the
text thus attained is relative only, and that all existing documents
are affected by errors introduced in the early stages of transmission.
Here there is no possible ultimate criterion except internal evidence:
but the history of the text of the New Testament shews the meeting-
point of the extant lines of transmission to have been so near the
autographs that complete freedom from primitive corruption would
not be antecedently improbable. As far as we are able to judge,
the purity of the best transmitted text does in all essential respects
receive satisfactory confirmation from internal evidence. We have
never observed the slightest trace of undetected interpolations or
corruptions of any moment, and entirely disbelieve their existence.
There are however some passages which one or both of us suspect
to contain a primitive error of no great importance, and which
are accordingly indicated as open to question, all suggestions for
their correction being reserved for the Appendix.
This brief account of the text of the New Testament would be
incomplete without a word of caution against a natural misunder-
standing. Since textual criticism has various readings for its
subject, and the discrimination of genuine readings from corruptions
for its aim, discussions on textual criticism almost inevitably obscure
the simple fact that variations are but secondary incidents of a
56i
fundamentally single and identical text. In the New Testamentin particular it is difficult to escape an exaggerated impression as to
the proportion which the words subject to variation bear to the
whole text, and also, in most cases, as to their intrinsic importance.
It is not superfluous therefore to state explicitly that the great bulk
of the words of the New Testament stand out above all discrimina-
tive processes of criticism, because they are free from variation,
and need only to be transcribed. Much too of the variation
which it is necessary to record has only an antiquarian interest,
except in so far as it supplies evidence as to the history of textual
transmission, or as to the characteristics of some document or group
of documents. The whole area of variation between readings that
have ever been admitted, or are likely to be ever admitted, into any
printed texts is comparatively small ; and a large part of it is due
merely to differences between the early uncritical editions and the
texts formed within the last half-century with the help of the price-
less documentary evidence brought to light in recent times. Asmall fraction of the gross residue of disputed words alone remains
after the application of the improved methods of criticism won from
the experience of nearly two centuries of investigation and dis-
cussion. If comparative trivialities, such as changes of order, the
insertion or omission of the article with proper names, and the like,
are set aside, the words in our opinion still subject to doubt can
hardly amount to more than a thousandth part of the whole NewTestament.
Nor must it be forgotten how strong an assurance of incorrupt-
ness in the unvarying parts of the text of the New Testament is
supplied indirectly by many of the variations which do exist, inas-
much as they carry us back by the convergence of independent lines
of transmission to a concord of testimonies from the highest antiquity ;
or again what unusually ample resources of evidence the New Testa-
ment possesses for the reduction of the area of textual uncertainty to
a minimum. The apparent ease and simplicity with which many
ancient texts are edited might be thought, on a hasty view, to imply
that the New Testament cannot be restored with equal security.
But this ease and simplicity is in fact the mark of evidence too
scanty to be tested; whereas in the variety and fullness of the
evidence on which it rests the text of the New Testament stands
absolutely and unapproachably alone among ancient prose writings.
$62
Doubtful points are out of sight even in critical editions of classical
authors merely because in ordinary literature it is seldom worth
while to trouble the clearness of a page. The one disadvantage on
the side of the New Testament, the comparatively early mixture of
independent lines of transmission, is more than neutralised, as soon
as it is distinctly perceived, by the antiquity and variety of the
evidence ; and the expression of doubt wherever doubt is really felt
is owing to the paramount necessity for fidelity as to the exact words
of Scripture.
NOTATION
Alternative Readings
Wherever it has been found impossible to decide that one of
two or more various readings is certainly right, alternative readings
are given : and no alternative reading is given which does not
appear to have a reasonable probability of being the true reading.
The primary place in the text itself is assigned to those readings
which on the whole are the more probable, or in cases of equal
probability the better attested (see Introduction § 377). The other
alternative readings occupy a secondary place, with a notation
which varies according as they differ from the primary readings by
Omission, by Addition, or by Substitution.
A secondary reading consisting in the Omission of words retained
in the primary reading is marked by simple brackets [ ] in the text.
Thus in Matt, vii 24 tovs Xoyovs tovtovs is the primary reading, tovs
Xoyovs without tovtovs the secondary reading.
A secondary reading consisting in the Addition of words omitted
in the primary reading is printed in the margin without any accom-
panying marks, the place of insertion being indicated by the mark T
in the text. Thus in Matt, xxiii 38 oTkos vjulwu without 2prjjj.os is
the primary reading, 6 oltcos vfiuv Zprjuos the secondary reading.
A secondary reading consisting in the Substitution of other words
for the words of the primary reading is printed in the margin with-
out any accompanying mark, the words of the primary reading being
included within the marks r "" in the text. Thus in Matt, xvi 20
€TT€Ti/j.rj(T€v is the primary reading, SieareiXaro the secondary reading.
The notation for substitution is employed for the sake of convenience
in a few cases that fall in strictness under the two former heads.
5^4
Thus in Matt, xi 5 it expresses the secondary omission of /cat, with
a change of punctuation ; and in Matt, xxi 28 it expresses the
secondary addition of fiov, with a change of accentuation. It is like-
wise employed for alternative punctuations.
Where there are two or more secondary readings, they are
separated by z>. in the margin, unless they differ from each other
merely by the omission or addition of words ; in which case they are
distinguished from each other by brackets in the margin, enclosing
part or the whole of the longer reading. Thus there are two secon-
dary readings in Matt, xiii 30, both axpi and fiixp1 J m xyii J 7> both
Tore cnroKpiOeis and dirOKpiSeis alone ; and in xviii 10, both kv r£
ovpapcp and the omission of these or any corresponding words.
Sometimes one of two secondary readings differs from the primary
reading by omission only, so that it can be expressed by simple
brackets in the text, while the other stands as a substitution in the
margin. Thus in Matt, ix 18, ets irpoaeXOuv being the primary read-
ing, irpocrekBuv and eiaeXdiov are both secondary readings.
A few alternative readings and punctuations are examined in the
Appendix : they are indicated by Ap. attached to the marginal
readings.
Secondary readings of an orthographical character are reserved
for another part of the Appendix.
Suspected Readings
Wherever it has appeared to the editors, or to either of them,
that the text probably contains some primitive error, that is, has not
been quite rightly preserved in any existing document, or at least in
any existing document of sufficient authority, Ap.f is placed in the
margin, the extreme limits of the words suspected to contain an
error of transcription being indicated by the marks r"1 in the text.
All such places are the subject of notes in the Appendix. In a few
cases a reading apparently right, and also attested largely though
not by the best documents, being probably a successful ancient con-
jecture, is placed within ++ in the text, the better attested reading
being printed with Ap. in the margin, and a note inserted in the
Appendix. See Introduction §§ 361—368, 380, 88.
5*5
Noteworthy rejected readings
A few very early interpolations in the Gospels, omitted by1 Western' documents alone (Luke xxii 19 f.; xxiv 3, 6, 12, 36, 40,
51, 52), or by 'Western' and 'Syrian' documents alone (Matt,
xxvii 49), are inserted within double brackets \\ in the body of the
text. See Introduction §§ 240 f., 383.
A few interpolations in the Gospels, probably 'Western' in
origin, containing important matter apparently derived from ex-
traneous sources, are inserted within double brackets []in the body
of the text (Matt, xvi 2 f.; Luke xxii 43 f.; xxiii 34), or separately
(Mark xvi 9—20, where the same notation is used for the alternative
Shorter Conclusion of the Gospel; John vii 53— viii 11). See Intro-
duction § 384.
In the Gospels and Acts many * Western' interpolations and
substitutions containing some apparently fresh or distinctive matter,
such as might probably or possibly come from an extraneous source
or which is otherwise of more than average interest, but having no
sufficient intrinsic claim to any form of incorporation with the NewTestament, are printed between the special marks H Y in the margin,
with corresponding marks T or r_I in the text. They must not be
confounded with true alternative (secondary) readings, which stand
likewise in the margin, but without any peculiar marks. See In-
troduction § 385.
Besides the preceding classes of rejected readings, which owetheir exceptional retention in association with the true text to
considerations arising out of early textual history, miscellaneous
rejected readings having some special interest are noticed in the
Appendix; and the places where they occur are marked with Ap.
in the margin without any corresponding marks in the text. These
readings include some of ' Western ' origin, that might with perhaps
equal fitness have been placed between -\ \- in the margin. Both
these classes of readings are by their nature indefinite in extent, and
are limited only by selection; so that they might without impro-
priety have been either enlarged or diminished. See Introduction
§386.
SUMMARY OF
CONTENTS OF INTRODUCTION
PREFATORY REMARKS
PART I
THE NEED OF CRITICISM FOR THE TEXTOF THE NEW TESTAMENT
A. Transmission by writing
B. Transmission by printed editions
C. History of present edition
PART II
THE METHODS OF TEXTUAL CRITICISM
Section I. Internal Evidence of Readings
A. Intrinsic Probability
B. Transcriptional Probability
Section II. Internal Evidence of Documents
Section III. Genealogical Evidence
A. Simple or divergent genealogy
B. Genealogy and member
C. Manner of discoveringgenealogy
D. Complications ofgenealogy by mixture
E. Applications ofgenealogy
F. Variable use of genealogy accordi?ig to unequal preservation of
doctiments
567
Section IV. Internal Evidence of Groups
Section V. Recapitulation of methods in relation to eachother
Section VI. Criticism as dealing with errors antecedent toexisting texts
A. Primitive errors
B. Removal ofprimitive errors by conjecture
PART III
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES OF CRITICISM TOTHE TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY CHRONOLOGICALSURVEY OF DOCUMENTS
A. Greek MSSB. Versions
C. Fathers
Documentarypreparation for this edition
CHAPTER II. RESULTS OF GENEALOGICALEVIDENCE PROPER
Section I. Determination of the genealogical relations of
THE CHIEF ANCIENT TEXTS
A. Posteriority of allgreat variations to Cent. V
B. Posteriority of ' Syrian ' (5) to ' Western '(j3) and other {neutral, a)
readings shown
(1) by analysis of conflate readings
C. Posteriority of 'Syrian 1to ''Western' and other (neutral atul
1 A lexandrian ') readings sJwwn
(2) by Ante-Nice?ie Patristic Evidence
D. Posteriority of Syrian to Western, Alexatidrian, and other (neu-
tral) readings shown
(3} ty Internal Evidence of Syrian readings
568
Section II. Characteristics of the chief ancient texts
A. Western characteristics
B. The neutral text and its preservation
C. Alexandrian characteristics
D. Syrian characteristics
Section III. Sketch of Post-Nicene textual history
A. The two stages of the Syrian text
B. Mixture in thefourth century
C. Final supremacy of the Syrian text
D. Relics of Pre-Syrian texts in cursives
E. Recapitulation of the history of the text
Section IV. Relations of the principal ancient documents toTHE CHIEF ANCIENT TEXTS
A. Nature of the process of determination
B. Texts found in Greek MSSC. Texts found in Versions
D. Texts found in Greek Fathers
Section V. Identification and estimation of readings as belonging
TO THE CHIEF ANCIENT TEXTS
A. Nature of the process of identification
B. Identification and rejection of Syrian readings
C. Identification of Western and of Alexandrian readings
D. Identification of neutral readings
E. Suspiciousness of Western and A lexandrian readings
F. Exceptional Western non-interpolations
G. Recapitulation ofgenealogical evidenceproper
Section VI. Review of previous criticism with reference to
ANCIENT TEXTS
A. Foundation of historical criticism by Mill, Bentley, and Bengel
B. Development of historical criticism by Griesbach, in contrast with
Hug's theory of recensions
C. Defects of Griesbach's criticism
D. Permanent value of Griesbach's criticism
5 69
CHAPTER III. RESULTS OF INTERNAL EVIDENCEOF GROUPS AND DOCUMENTS
Section I. Documentary Groups as limited by reference toPrimary Greek MSS generally
A. General considerations on Documentary Groups
B. Progressive limitation of Groups with reference to PrimaryGreek MSS
C. Relation of Primary Greek MSS to other documentary evidence
D. Absence of Secondary Greek MSSfrom Groups containing PrimaryGreek MSS
E. Absence of Versions from Groups containing Primary Greek MSSF. Absence of Fathersfrom Groups containing Primary Greek MSSG. Absence of Versions and Fathersfrom Groups containing Primary
Greek MSS
Section II. Documentary Groups as limited by reference to theBest Primary Greek MSS
A. Relation of variations between Primary Greek MSS to the chief
ancient texts
B. General relatio?is of B and K to other documents
C. Origin and character of readings of KB combined
D. Binary uncial combinations containing B and K respectively
E. Singular and subsingular readings ofB
F. Singular and subsingular readings of N and other MSSG. Determination of text where B and N differ
H. Determination of text where B is absent
I. Supplementary details on the birthplace and the composition of
leadingMSS
CHAPTER IV. SUBSTANTIAL INTEGRITY OFTHE PUREST TRANSMITTED TEXT
A. Approximate non-existence ofgenuine readings unattested by any
of the best Greek uncials
B. Approximate sufficiency of existing documents for the recovery of
the genuine text, notwithstanding the existence of some primitive
corruptions
C. Conditions offurther improvement of the text
57°
PART IV
NATURE AND DETAILS OF THIS EDITION
A. Aim and limitations of this edition
B. Textual notation
C. Orthography
D. Breathings, Accents, and other accessories ofprinting
E. Punctuation, Divisions of text, and Titles of looks
F. Conclusion
LIST OF READINGS NOTICED
IN THE APPENDIX
The following is a list of rejected
readings which have been thoughtworthy of notice in the Appendix onaccount of some special interest
attaching to them. It does not in-
clude those readings of this class
which already appear in the marginbetween ^ h, or the few peculiar
readings which are printed between
|[ J in the text itself. Some of the
slighter accessory variations in places
noticed in the list are likewise passedover. The list also takes accountof all words or passages markedwith Ap. + in the margin, as pro-
bably containing some 'primitive'
error, that is, an error affecting the
texts of all or virtually all existing
documents, and thus incapable of
ST MATTHEW
i 8 'IwpaAt de kyhv-r\aev\-r rbvOx '
'(iav, '0%o£!as dk eytwrjaev rbv 'I was,
'lwas de eyhvt\cev rbv 'Ap.ao~iav,
'Afiaffias de eyhvqaevi II Tawet'as de eyiwrjaev] + rbv
'IwcLKeifx, 'Iwcuceifi de eyevvyaev
i 1 8 ye'veo-is] yevvrjais
i 25 vlbv\ rbv vlbi> avrijs rbv rrpw-
rorofcov
ii 11 rovs drjoavpovs] ras ir-qpas
iii 15 Jin.]+et cum baptizaretur,
lumen ingens circumfulsit de aqua,
ita tit timerent omnes qui advene-
rant.
iv 10 uVcrye] + 07riVw \jjlov]
being rectified without the aid ofconjecture. Such words or pas-
sages are distinguished in the list by(t) inserted after the verse-numeral.
The corresponding note is enclosed
in [] where the doubt as to the in-
tegrity of the text is not shared byboth editors. The mark % is affixed
to suggested readings having someslight secondary attestation, andthus not strictly conjectural : wherethis attestation is indirect or ambig-uous, the mark J is enclosed in
().
In all cases + denotes the addition
of the words following, < their omis-
sion. The grave accent is retained
when it would stand in the continu-
ous text.
v 22 iras 6 6pyi$o[xevos rep ade\<p<$
avrov] + eiKrj
v 37 val vat, ov oti\ rb Nat vai Kal
rb Ov otf
vi 13 fin^\ + ori crov earlv 7] /3acrt-
Xeta /cat rj dvvajuts Kal r\ 56£a els rovs
alQvas. dfxrjv. with variations ; andother doxological forms.
v* 33 TW pao-iKelav] -f rov $tov
with variations.
vii 22 Ki/pte Kvpie] + ov r<$ ovbfiari
aov e<pdyofxev Kal [rf ovofxarl o~ov\
eTTLojiev,
viii 1 1 fierd ^Appadjx] ev rots k6\-
ttols [rov] 'A(3paapL
viii 28 Tadaprjv&v] Tepaayvuv : also
Tepyeo-qv&v
xi 19 Zpywv] reKvuv
572
xiii 55 'Iwcrrjcp] 'Iwcnjs : also 'Iw-
dvvrjs
xv 30 (+) xwAotfs, fcuXXoi;s,ru0Xous,
jcci>0ot;s] order of the words uncer-
tain.
xvi 21 'I?7<rous X/Hcrrds] [6] 'I77-
(tous : also omitted.
xvii 12 f. oirrws...ai/ra;j>. r6re...
aureus.] r6T€...avTols. o\)TUS...avTcov.
xvii 20 fin.] + (v. 21) touto 5£ r6
ytvos ovk eKiropeverai el firj ev irpoa-
evxv Kal vr)o~Teia with variations.
xviii 10 Jin.]-\-(v. 11) r)X6ev yap6 vibs tov dvOpwirov <t£>jcu to diro-
XioXos.
xviii 20] ovk elcrlv yap dvo rj rpeUcvvrjy/j.e'voL els rb ifxbv ovofia Trap' ohovk el/ml ev p.£o~L$ avT&v.
xix 16 AidaaKaXe] + dyaOixix 17 Tt fie epu>T$s wepl tov dya~
Bov] Tt pie \4yets dyadoveh ecTiv 6 dyadbs] ovdels dyadbs el
fir) ehibid.] + 6 debs : also 6 iraTrjp [fxov
6 ev Toh ovpavois]
xix 19] <, Kal ayaTrrjaeis... us o~e-
avrdv
xx 28 Jin.] + vjxeh d£ {rjTeiTe ck
fiiKpov av^rjaai Kal eK /jLeifrovos £XaT-
tov elvai. elo~epxb[ievoL 5e Kal irapa-
KXrjdevTes denrvijcrai fir} dvaKXiveade
els tovs e^exovTas Tbirovs, fir) rrore
evdo^oTepbs (tov iireXOrj Kal rrpocreXdCov
6 denrvoKXryrup eiTrrj <rot "Ert /cdrw
X&p*h *a ^ KaTaiaxwdrjcrri. edv 5£
dvaire'crris els tov ijrTOva tottov Kal
erreXdr} gov tjttcjv, epel o~ol 6 beiirvo-
kXtjtwp Hvvaye 2rt avw, Kal ^cttul
<roi tovto XPV°'1/JL0V '
xx 33 Jin.] + Quibus dixit yesus
Creditis posse me hocfacere ? qui re-
spoiiderunt ei Jta, Domine : also* and we may see thee \
xxi 17 Jin.] + et docebat eos de
regno Deixxi 28—31 (t)'E7w, ...ovk dirrjXdev
...Ov deXu),...aTrr)Xdev '0 irp&Tos]
Ov 6£Xi*),...d'7rrjXdev.....,
Iilyd},...ovK d-
irrjXdev '0 uVrepos (v. &rxaros).
Also Ov OiXoi, . . . dirrjXdev 'Eyu,...ovk dwrjXBev 'O rrpCrros.
[Xeyovcriv avTip '0 irpujTos perhapsa primitive interpolation.]
xxii 12 <'Ercupexxiii 14. jin.] + {v. 13) Oval vfiiv,
ypafifxaTeh Kal Qapiaalot vrroKpiTaiy
6tl KaTecrdieTe tols oUias twv XVP&U
Kal itpo(j)d<Te(. fiaKpd Trpoaevxbfievoc
did tovto Xr}fxx//ea6e irepivvoTepov Kpl-
fia : also with 5^ (Oval 8e vpuv
k,t.X.) before v. 14.
xxiii 27 o'iTives...yef
fiovo'Lv] f&Oevb Tatpos (paiveTai Copatos ZawOev dk
yi/xei
xxiii 35 < vlov Bapaxtovxxiv 36 < ov8£ 6 vibs
xxv 41 to irvp to alibvtov] r6 0k6~
tos Tb e£u>re/)oj>. And v. 46 KoXaacv]
i^nem : also ambustiojtem or combus-
tionem,
xxvii 9 <: 'lepepiov: also Zaxa-piov substituted : also Esaiani
xxvii 16 Bapapfiav] 'Irjaovv "Bap-
afipdvi and v. 17 \rbv\ Bapappav]'Irjffovv Bapa(3{3av
xxvii 34 otvov] otjos
xxvii 35 Jin.] + tva TrXrjpwOrj to
pyjdev vrrb tov irpo^-qTov AiefxeplcravTo
tcl IfxaTtd fiov eavTots, Kal eirl tov
IjuLaTtcrfJLov julov ffiaXov KXrjpov.
xxvii 38 de&Qv] + nomine Zoa-
tham : and evuvti/uiov] + nomine Cam-ma
xxvii 45] < ewl iraaav tt\v yrjv
xxvii 56 'lwrjcf) /A/jTrjp Kal i) fJL7fTVp]
7) Mapia rj 'lwarjcp Kal rj Mapia rj:
also 7) 'Iwo-TJcf) iiT}T7}p Kal r) firjTrjp:
also 'l(jOO-ri<p Kal r) fxrjTrip
xxviii 7 (t) elirov] [perhaps a
primitive error for elirev (J). ]
ST MARKiii 29 djuLapTf)fjLaTos] Kplcrews: also
dfxapTlas
iv 28 (t) 7r\f)pr} o-Ttov] irXr)pris [d]
o-Itos, wXrjpris oitov [probably right JJ,
and other forms.
573
vi 3 6 tcktuv, 6] 6 rou tektovos vlos
Kdl 6
ibid. 'Iwo-tJtos] 'Iw<tt?0: also 'IW77
:
also omitted.
vi 20 7}7rop€i] erro'iei
vii 3 TrvyfJifi] irvKvd
x 24 5ucr/coX6j> io~Tiv] + rot's ireiroi-
Ooras eirl [to?s] xPVIUL0La'
LV •' a^so d^"&?/?z and other supplements.
xii 23 dpaoTdo-etj + oraj' dj/acrrcD-
xiii 8 Xi^ot] + /cat Tapa%at
xiv 41 a7rexe + T0 reXoj with
variations.
xiv 51 avrov] + ol veavLvKoi
xiv 68 ftn.] + Kal aXeKTwp ecp&v7\-
o~ev. And v. 72] <c/c devrepov
XV 2 5 Tp'lTT)] %KT7]
XV Infill.] + (V. 28) KCU €7r\7]pif)d7} 7]
ypcKprj i] Xeyovaa Kal fiera, dvopucv
iXoyiadrj.
xv 47 'Iwo-tJtos] 'Ia/au/Sou : also
'Iw(T7] and 'Iu;(n7<£.
xvi 3 €K ttjs dvpas tov javTjjULeiov ;]
ab osteo? Subito autem ad horamtertiam tenebrae diei [1. die] factae
sunt per totum orbem terrae, et de-
scenderunt de caelis angeli et surgent
[1. surgentes] in claritate vivi Deisimid ascenderunt cum eo, et con-
tinuo lux facta est. Tunc iliac ac-
cesserunt ad monimentum,xvi 14 fin.-\-Et illi satisfaciebant
dicentes Saeculum istud iniquitatis
et incredulitatis substantia [al. sub
Satana] estfquae no?i sinit per im-
mundos spiritus veram Dei appre-
hendi virtutem : idcircojamnimc re-
velajustitiam tuam.
ST LUKE
i 35 to yevv<JopLevov] + eK aoO
i 46 Mapiafx] Elisabet
ii 2 avTT)] 4- r) : also a variation of
order.
ii 7 (parvr)] o-rrrjXaiu)
ii 33 6 Trarrjp avTov Kal 7) p,7YT7]p]
37
'Iwo"770 Kal 7) ixt)t7)p avrov. And simi-
lar changes of language in vv. 41, 43,48; Mt i 16.
iii 16 irvevfjLaTi dylcp] < dyiip
iii 24] < tov Martfdr rou Aeveliii 33 tov 'Adfitiv rod 'ApveL] tov
'Apuvaddfi (-addp,) tov 'Apa/JL withvariations.
iv 1 irvevpaTOS dyiov]<dyiov (s.q.)
v 10 f.] TJaav 8e kolvuvoI avrov'Id/cw^os Kal 'ludvTjs viol ZejSedaiov
6 de elirev avTols Aevtc Kal /jlt) ye'i-
veo~9e dXiels lxOvccvf
ttoitjo-cj yap vadsaXiels avdpuirW ol be aKovaavTesirdvTa Kare\u\pav eirl tt)s yrjs Kal
TjKoXovdrjcrav avrdp.
vi 5] transposed to the end of v.
10, the following narrative beingsubstituted here:—T77 avrrj Tj/mepa
6eao-dfjLei>6s Tiva epya£6/j.evov tu> cra(3-
(3aTip elirev avTcp "Avdpuire, el fxev
oldas tL iroiels, fiaKapios el' el de
fxr) oloas, eiTLKaTapaTos Kal irapa^aTTjs
el tov vofxov.
vi 17] 'lepovcraXyfi] 4- Kal Hipaias
(? Hepaias) er et trans/return
viii 26,37 Tepao~7]vwv] Tepyecr7)vQv:
also Ta§ap7]v£>i>
viii 5i]< Kal "'Iwdvrjv
ix 2 7 tt)v f$ao~CXeiav tov Oeov] tov
vlov tov dvdpdoTOV epxo^vov ev ttj
do^Tj avrov with variations.
xi 2 eXddru 7) pacrtXeia gov] eX-
6ero) to dyiov Trvev/uLa gov €<py
7}{Aas
Kal Kadapto'cLTCo Tjfias
xi 35 (t)] el ouv to (pus to ev crol
ctkotos, to ctkotos itogov with omis-
sion of v. 36. And (v. 36) usoTav...
(pcoTi^r}] Kal us [6] Xvx^os [ttjs] ao~Tpa-
7tt)s (puTiaei (in Versions only, not
in Greek) and other variations.
Some primitive error probable.
xi 42 KpLaiv] kXt)(tlv
xiv 5 vlos] ovos: also irpofiarrov
xvi 22 f. Kal €Td<p7j. Kal ev rya07) erdpas] Kal erdcpTj ev Tip ady.
eirdpas or the same words with the
stop placed after erdcpT].
xvii T 1 YaXCXalas] + et yericho
574
xxi ii &rrcu] + (? teal xetjUcDyes) et
hi'ernes (tempestates)
xxi ] 8 < the verse.
xxi 38 yfo.]-f-[John] vii 53—viii
11 (p. 24Oxxiii 2 ^cSf] + kcu KaraXvoura rbv
vo/jlov Kal rovs irpocprjTas : and 6l56-
vai] + Kal cLiroarpecpovTa tcls yvvcuKas
Kal TCL T€KUa
xxiii 5 Jin.] + et filios nostros et
uxores avertit a nobis [see the Greekon v. 2], non enim baptizantur sicut
[et] nos [nee se mundant\xxiii 42 f.] Kal o~Tpacpels irpbs tov
Kvpiov elirev avTcp ^Iv^crdyjTL /ulov ev
ttj rj/uLcpa rrjs eXevcreus aov. diroKpidels
be 6 'Irjcrovs elirev avrcp Tip eirXrjcrovTL
(I. eirLir\7}<j(T0VTL\ QdpcreL, arj/xepov
K.T.X.
xxiii 43] < crijjLLepov ...irapadeiau)
(so stated, but probably the wholeverse).
xxiii 48 fin.~\-\- dicentes Vae nobis
quae facta sunt hodie propter pec-
cata nostra ; appropinquavit eni?n de-
solatio Hicrusalem.xxiv 13 e^r)KOVTa\ eKarbv e^rjKOVTa
xxiv 39 \j/rfka<pri(TaTe' fie] < \xe : and< adpKa Kal : and crapKa] adpKas
xxiv 43 ecfrayev'] + Kal [\a(3iui>] to.
eirLXonra edcoKev avrots
xxiv 46 ovTios yeypairrai] + Kal ov-
rws edet: also ourws gdei substituted.
ST JOHNi 13 ol...eyevv'f
iQ'(]<jav\ qui...natus
est
i 28 Bijdavia] B?7#a/3a/)d with va-
riations.
iii 5 yevvrjdy] avayevv-qdrf
ibid. elcreX6e7v els] IdeTv : and tov
Oeov\ tCqv ovpavtov
iii 6 o~dp£ ecTTtv'] 4- otl ck ttjs crapKos
eyevvrjdrj : and irvevfid eo~riv\ + otl e/c
tov irvevfxaTos ecrriv : also quia Deusspiritus est, et ex Deo natus est
iv 1 (t) [some primitive error notimprobable.]
v 1 eoprrj] rj ioprr]
v 2 eirl ttj TrpopaTLKrj KoXvpLptidpa]
[irpo^arLKT]] KoXv/uLprjdpa
V 3 %7)puJi'~\ + ,irapaXvTiKUJi>
ibid. + , eKdexo/Aevuv T-rjv tov vda-
ros Kivqaiv
ibid. + the same with another ad-
dition (v. 4). dyyeXos 8e (yap) Kvpiov
[/card Katpbv] Karefiaivev (y. iXovero)
ev ry KoXvfJLprjdpa Kal erapdo-aero {v.
erdpacrae) to vdicp' 6 ovv irpuros e/x/3ds
[/xerd rrjv rapaxw rov vbaros] vyirjs
eylvero o'lip {v. <p) b^iror ovv (v. br}~
irore) /carei'xero vco-r)fxarL. Also the
second addition alone.
vi 4 (f) [to Trdaxa perhaps a primi-
tive interpolation (J).]
vi 51 rj cd/)£...£an;s] virep ttjs tov
koct/jlov £corjs tj crdpt; fiov ccttlv : also
77 crdpt; /ULOV icTTLV rjv 670? 8d>o~u virtp
T7}S TOV KOCT/JLOV £iOT)S
vi 56 ev avTip] + Kad&s ev c/jloI c
7raT7)p Kayw ev Tip iraTpi. dfjLrjv a/irji
Xeyu> vfuv, edv /jltj XdprjTe to aQ/ma
TOV Vlov TOV dvdpWTTOV (bs TOV dpTOV
ttjs £0*7)?, ovk ^X€T€ farjv ev avTip.
vii 39] irvev/JLo] + dedo/uevov : also
+ dyiov : also + dycov iir' avTols : also
+ dyiov 8e8o/mevov
x 8 rjXOev irpb e/xov] < -irpb e/nov
xi 54 xupav] + Xapicpovpelv
xii 28 to 5vo/jlo\ tov vlbv
xii 41 6'tl] ot€
xiii 31 ev aur<jr] + et 6 debs edo-
%do~dr) ev avTip,
xvii 1 1 ^pxo/JLai] + * ovkctl elpX ev
r£ KOcr/uLCp, teal ev Tip KoapLLp elfii
xvii 21 ei' 7}/uuv] + <:v
xvii 23 rjydiTTjaas] riydir^cra
xix 4 ovdefiiav] ovx with varia-
tions of order : and < ev avTtp
Xix I4 €KT7]] Tp'lTt)
xx 25] < the verse.
SECTION ON THE WOMAN TAKENIN ADULTERY
9 (f) 7rpecr^vTepuv} ] + 7rdvTes ave-
Xwpv]o~av' X10 KaTeKpivev] Iapidavit
575
ACTS
ii 9 'Jovdaiav] Armeniam : also in
Syriaii 30 rrjs oacpvos avrov] + [/caret
crapKo] dvaarrjaaL rov xPLO"rov [kcu]
iv 25 (+) 6 rov irarpbs...Traid6s crov]
many variations. Some primitive
error probable, perhaps either did
irvevpiaros ayiov arojmaros for did
aro/naros with did irvevfiaros ayiov
transposed, or rov irarpos for rots
irarpdcriv.
iv 32 ipvxh juta] + /cat ovk rjv did-
Kpicns ev avrols ovde/xia
v 38 acpere avrols] + fJLrj fxidvavres
rds X€?Pas [v/u*&v]
vii 16 ev 2i»xe/u] rou 2u%e,a : also
rou ez/ 2u%e,tt
vii 43 'PoM0a] 'Vefufrajj. (-dv): also
"Paupdv ("Pecpdv)
vii 46 (+) r$> 0e<5 'Ia/cw/3] r£ okj'Ia/ccu/3. Some primitive error pro-
bable. [Perhaps t<£ oIkQ for to; Kvpiy
(tgokco).]
viii 39 irvevjxa Kvpiov] irvevpia
ayiov €ireireo~ev eirl rov evvovxov, cry-
7eXos de Kvpiov
x 25 'fis... Ilerpo^,] II/)oo-e77t-
^o^ros de rod Herpov [els rr)v Kcucra-
piav\ 7rpo8paju,Cov els rQv dovXocv die-
o~d(p7)o~ev irapayeyovhai. avrov. 6 de
KopvrjXtos [eKTrrjdrjcras /cat]
xi 2 "Ore . . .Trepiro/JLrjs] '0 fxev ovv
Hirpos did Uavov XP^V0V Tl6eXr)o~ev
iropevQrjvai els 'lepoaoXv/ma' /cat rrpocr-
<puvr)o~as rovs ddeXcpovs /cat emcrrr]-
pi^as avrovs iroXvv Xoyov TroLov/nevos
8id rQv x (jJP^v P ^l ' avrwv ex^pet]
diddo-KWV avrovs' os /cat Karrjvrrjcrev
avrols [? avrov] /cat dirrjyyeiXev avrols
rr\v xdpw tov Qeov. oi Be e/c irepi-
rofxrjs ddeXcpol dieKpivovro irpos avrov
xi 20 *~EiXXr}vio~Tas] "EXXrjvas
xii 25 (+) virecrrpeipav els 'Iepoucra-
X^ irXrjpdocravTes rr]v diaKoviav] per-
haps rr)v stood originally before elsf
and was transposed by a primitive
error.
xiii 18 erpoirocpop-qcrev] erpo<po<po-
prjaev
xiii 32 (f ) rots reKvots r)/j,wv] r. r.
avTwv : also r. r. aura;?' r//xiV. Doubt-less a primitive error for r. r. i^u*/ +.
xiii 33 devrepw] irpurip
xiii 42 (+) 'E&ovtgov de avruv ira-
peKaXovv .
.
. ravra] < irapeKaXovv : andrj^iovv for irapeKaXovv. And avrcov]
+ e/c rrjs crvvaycjyrjs rwv 'lovdaiuv (or
the same substituted), and irapeKa-
Xovv] + ra eOvrj. Some primitive error
probable. [Perhaps 'E^lovtuv for
'A&ovvtgjv, and irapeKaXovv an inter-
polation, with change of punctua-tion.]
xiv 2 fin.~\ + de Kvpios ZduKev[ra^i)] elpr)vrjv.
xv 2 'e
,
Ta$;av...e% aura^] eXeyev
yap 6 IlauXos jxevetv ovtojs KadCos
eiricTTevaav 8uo~xvpL^6fievos' 61 de
eXrjXvdores diro 'lepovcraXrj/j, iraprry-
yeCXav avrols r<J HavXq) /cat TSapvdfia
/cat rtcrti' dXXois dva/3aiveiv
xv 20 fini\ + /cat ocra dv july) OeXooaiv
avrols yiveadai ertpois fxr/ iroielv :
and v. 29 iropveias] + /cat ocra jmrj 6e-
Xere eavroXs yiveuQai eripip jultj ttol-
elre.
xvi 12 (+) irp&rrf rr)s fxepibos Ma-/ce Sottas] trpicr-qs [rrjs] fiepibos rrjs M.and other variations. [Some primi-
tive error probable, perhaps /mepidos
for Ucepidos.]
xvi 30 £'£ct>] + rovs Xonrovs acr0a-
Xtcrd/xez'os
xix 40 (t) irepi rrjs o-rjfjL€pov...rav-
rrjs] < ov : also < 7rept 3 . [Some pri-
mitive error probable, perhaps at-
rtou virdpxovros for alrioi virdp-
Xovres.]
xx 4 'Acrtavot] 'Ecpeatoc
xx 18 7rcos...eyev6/JLr)v] us rpieriav
r) /cat irXelov irorairujs pied' vp.wv r)v
iravros xp°vov [?]
xx 28 (f) rov 6eov] rov Kvpiov.
Also rod ai/iaros rov Idiov] rod Idiov
a'l/jLaros. [rov Idiov perhaps a primi-
tive error for rov Idiov viov.]
576
xxi 1 6 £evio~9(2/nev] + /cat irapayevo-
/mevoi els nva kcc/xtjv eyevbfieda irapd
ibid. Mvdcruvi] 'IdaovL
xxiii 15 dveXelv avrov] -{- ,edv dey
/cat dirodavelv
Xxiii 23 €J350fA7)K0J>Ta] (EKOLTOV
xxiii 24 jin.] + €(po(3r]d7) yap fjLrj-
irore dpirdaavres avrov ol 'IouSatot
d7ro/CTe[t]z/wcrt, /cat avrbs fiera^v %y-
K\y)fxa exv us apyvpiov eiXr](pdbs.
xxiii 29 j-yKXrjfjLa] -f e^rjyayov av-
rov jjloXls rrj (3La
xxiv 6 eKpaTr)(TafjLei>,'\ + Kal Kararbv ii/uLeT€poi> vbfxov TjdeXrjaa/jLeu Kptvai.
(v. 7) irapeXdwv 8e Avaias 6 xtAtapx *
/xera 7roXXrjs (3las etc rcov xeLP^v yfl&vdirrjyaycv, (v. 8) KcXevcas robs Karrj-
ybpovs avrov ^px^oSac eirl ere. withvariations.
xxiv 27 6eXo)v...8e8efxivov] rbv de
HavXov eiaaev ev rTjprjcreL did Apov-
criXXav
xxv 13 (+) denraad^evot'] denracrb-
fj.evoL. [Some primitive error notimprobable.]
xxvi 28 (t) TOLrjcrai] yeveadai.
Some primitive error probable. [Per-
haps fie ireideis for ireTroidas.]
xxvii 15 i7rc56vres] + rcj) irXeovn/cat avareiXavres rd icrria
xxvii 35 eadieiv] + eirididovs /cat
TffKV
xxviii 28 fin.]-\- (v. 29) /cat ravraavrov elirovros a7rrjX9ov ol 'IouSatot
7roXXr]V ^x0J/T6S & eat/rots £r)r7jo~LV.
v 2 0eoi}] + e-KiGKOTrovvre j
#/dT. e/coixrtws] + Kara debv
2 PETER
i 10 <nrovbdcrare] + Xva hid ruVkoXuv [v/ulQv] Zpyuv and (for iroieiaOai)
iroielade (-rjade)
iii 10 (t) evpeByiveraC] ov'x evpedr}-
aerat : also /caraKarjaerat : also depa-
vicrdrjo-ovrat : also < evpeOrjo-erai: also
< the whole clause. Some primitiveerror probable
; perhaps text for
pvrjaerai, or some form of that stem.iii 12 (+) rrjKerai] raicrjcrerai (ovrat).
[Text probably a primitive error for
rrj^erac]
I JOHN
ii 17 at cava] + quomodo [et] Memci7iet i}i aetemum with variations,
v 6 difiaros] + /cat irvev/jiaros
ibid, rb irvev/xa] Christusv 7 to irvevfia /cat rb vdup /cat rb
at/ia] in terra, spiritus [et] aqua et
sanguis, et hi tres unum sunt inChristo Jesu : et tres sunt qui testi-
monium dicunt in caelo, Pater Ver-biwi et Spiritus with variations.
v 10 (t) r<£ deep] r(p vicp : also
Jesu Christo : also < . Text proba-bly a primitive interpolation J.
I PETERi 7 (t) [to doidfuov probably a
primitive error for rb 86kl/ulov%.]
iii 21 (f) [6 probably a primitiveerror for cj £.]
iii 22 deov] +, deglutiens mortemut vitae aeternae haeredes effice-
rcmur,iv 14 doJ77S] + /cat dwd/xeus with
variations.
ibid. fin. ]-\- Kara fiev avrovs /3\a-
cr^Tjfxelratj Kara de v/xas do^erai.
2 JOHN
1 1 y£;z. ] + .£Vr^ praedixi vobis, tit
in diem Domini [nostri yesu Christi\
non confundamini.
JUDE
1 (f) ev 9e(p...reT7)pr]fjLevoLs] several
slight variations. [Text probably aprimitive error for 6e$ (without ev)
and ev 'It/ctoO.]
577
5 (+) ttclpto] tovto. Text perhaps
a primitive error for iravras +.
ibid. (+) Kuptos] 'Irjcrovs: also o
debs. Some primitive error pro-
bable, apparently OTIKC (ort Kuptos)
and OTIIC (6'rt 'Irjaovs) for OTIO [ort 6].
6 dea/xoTs at'<5tots] + dyiojv dyyeXcov
22 f. (f) ovs fiev eXeare... eV cf)6^ip\
ovs fxev e\e'7xere bLaKpLvofxevovs. ovs 8e
crto^ere (eXeare) e/c 7rupos k.t.X.: also
ous tie? eXeare cua/cpt^o/zeVous, ovs 5£
CTW^€T€ €K TTVpOS 6\pTTa£oVT€S [, OVS 5e
eXeare] ev 0o'/3a; and other variations,
some shorter. Some primitive error
probable; perhaps the first eXeare
an interpolation.
ROMANS
i 7]<eV 'Po^; and v. i5]<ro;sev ' IPdofir)
i 32 (+) 7roiou(7iJ'...(7i'^ef5o/cou(riJ']
[ot] 7rotouVres . . . [ot] cri'j'eud'o/coiWes.
Some primitive error probable.
iii 22 ets ttolvtols] -f- /cat eVt irdvTas
iii 26 'I^crou] < ; also + XpLcrTov :
also 'Irjcovv substituted.
iv 12 (t) [/cat rots probably a pri-
mitive error for /cat aureus.]
iv 19 KaTevorjcrev] ov KaTevorjcrev
v 6 (t) et ye] \tl yap with andwithout eVt below : also els tl yap
:
also et yap : also et 5e, [Text possibly
a primitive error for ei'irep.]
V 14 tovs fXT) a/j.apT7)(ravTas~\<i firj
viii 1 'It/ctou] + /xt) /card capita 7rept-
TraTovo-LV. Also (in addition) + dXXd/card irvevjxcL
viii 2 (t) <xe] xie. Text probably a
primitive interpolation J.ix 28 avvTepLvcovl + ev dLKaLocrvvri,
OTL \6yOV 0'VVT€TfJL7}fJLe'vOV
xi 6 %a'pts] +et 8e e£ 'e'pytcv ovkctl
[eVrt] %dpts, eVet ro 'ipyov oi/'/ceVt
X&pt- S (epyw)'
xii 11 /cupty] /catpo;
xii 13 x^etats] fxveiaLS
xiii 3 (f) [r£ dyadtp tpyep probablya primitive error for r<£ dya#oepyt3;{:.]
xiii 8 o'^etXere] 6<peiXr]Te : also
o0etXoi>res
xiv 6 c^povet] -f > /cat 6 /x^ (ppovwv
ttjv 7]p.ipav Kvpicp ov (ppove?
xiv 23] + T£ 8e 8vva/jievci)...alujvas'
afjLTjv. (xvi 25— 27) with and without
its retention at the end of the
Epistle.
xv 31 8LaK0via\ dcopocpopia
xv 32 (t) 6eov] Kvpiov 'I^crou: also
~KpLO~Tov 'Itjctqv : also 'Irjaov Xptcrrou.
Text probably a primitive interpo-
lation.
xvi 5 'Acrtas] 'A%atas
xvi 20] 7) x,apLS...vp.£ov transposed
from this place to stand slightly
modified (v. 24) after v. 23.
xvi 23 6 d<5eX0os] + (v. 24) tj %dpts
tov Kvpiov tjjjlCjv 'Irjaov ILpLGTOv /xerd
iravTOJv vpuov dfjL-fjv. (with varia-
tions) with and without its retention
in v. 20.
xvi 25—2y]<the three verses,
with and without their retention at
the end of c. xiv.
xvi 26 7rpO(prjTLKcoy] + /cat ttjs ewL-
(paveias tov Kvpiov t]/j.Qv 'Irjcrov Xpt-
(TTOV
I CORINTHIANS
v 6 Ov KaXov] KaXo>
ibid. £vp<oZ\ 80X0T
vi 20 8o£do~aT€ Brj] + et portatc
(dpaTe from dpa ye)^
ibid. o-cofiaTL v/ulwv] + /cat Jv r£irvevfxaTL vjjlwv, oltli/cl eo-TLV tov 6eov
vii 33 f. yvvauct, /cat /xe/xeptcrrat.
Kal...fJL€pLjULva] yvvaLKL. fxefxeptaTaL
[/cat] 7] yvvr) /cat r) irapdevos. tj dya-
julos fiepLjiva : also yvvatKL. /cat /xe-
tieptcrrat tj dyafxos /cat rj irapdevos.
7] dya/jios fiepL/jivg, with variations of
detail and punctuation.
viii 6 cV avTov]-{- 9/cat & iruevfxa
dyLOV, ev y ™ irdvTa ko\ wels iv
clvtQ
573
ix 5 ddeXcfrrjv yvvaiKa] [d8e\(f>ds]
yvvcuKas : also yvvcuKa [ddeXcprjv]
xi 10 e^ovaiav] KaXvfx/xa {velamen)
xi 24 Touro] Ad(3ere (pdyere, rov-
ro. And virep v/jluv] + KXu>/j.evov :
also dpvirrofxevov : also ' giveti ' andtradetur.
xi 29 irLvwv] -f dva^icjs
xii 2 (+) on ore] < 6V1 : also <ore. Probably a primitive error for
otl irore.
xiii 3 /caux^crwyctat] Kavdrjco/naL
xv 5 5c66V/ca] evdeKa
xv 47 devrepos avdpwiroi\-\-6 kv-
pios
XV 51 TTCWTeS OV KOlfJL7}0r)Cr6fJL€da
irdvres 8e] irdvres [f^ev] dvaarrjaofxeda
ov irdvres 8e : also rravres [f^-ev] KOifirj-
drjGOfxedci ov irdvres 8e
2 CORINTHIANS
iii 3 (f) irXaQv Kapdiats aapKivais]
Kapdias for Kapdiais. UXa^iv proba-
bly a primitive interpolation (£).
iii 1 7 (f) [Kvpiov probably a pri-
mitive error for Kvptov.]
vii 8 (f) (SXeiru)] + yap. BXeiru)
probably a primitive error for /3\e-
iruv%.
xii 7 (f) < 5io. And < ha fir}
virepalpujULai 2°. Some primitive er-
ror probable.
GALATIANS
ii 5] < ots ovde
ii 12 rjXdov] rfXdev
ii 20 TOV VLOV TOV deov] TOV $€0V
Kal XpLCTTOV
iii I e(3do~Kavev] + rrj dXrjdeiq jultj
rreideddai
iv 7 did deov] [deov] did Xpiarov :
also did deov : also 'of G01Viv 31; v 1 (t) ttjs eXevdepas. T?j
eXevdepiq 17/ms Xpccrros TjXevdepcocreV
arrjKere ovv Kal] rrjs eXevdepas, 77
eXevdepia ij/xas Xpiaros rjXevde'pucrev.
arrjKere ovv Kal : also ttjs eXevdepas.
T77 eXevdepiq [ovv] rj Xptcrros TjfMas
(rj/nds Xpicrros) rjXevdepw<jev o~rr)Kere
Kal. [T77 eXevdepiq probably a pri-
mitive error for'E7r' eXevdepiq.]
v 8] < OVK
v 9 fvpol] doXo?
EPHESIANS
i 1] < lev 'E0eVy]i 1 5 Kal] + rr)v dyairrjv : also trans-
posediv 19 aTnjXyrjKores] dirrjXiriKores
iv 29 x/)ei'as] iriarecos
V I4 €7TL<paV(TeL 0~0l 6 X/)iCTTOS] C7Tt-
\j/avo~eis rov xPL(rr°v
V 30 rou auifiaros avrov] + , e/c rrjs
aapKos avrov Kal e/c rCov oareojv
avrov
v 31 < /cat Trpoo'KoXX'qd-qGeTai irpds
rrjv yvva?Ka avrov
COLOSSIANS
ii 2 (f) rou deov, Xptarov] rov deov
evnv Xpicrros: also rov deov Kal
Xpicrrov : also rod deov : also rov
deov irarpos rov xPi0~T°v (and the
same with Kai inserted before or
after irarpos) : also rov deov ev Xpiarcp.
[Tov deov, Xpicrrov probably a primi-
tive error for rod ev Xpicrry (J).]
ii 18 (t)]< ev. [Some primitive
error probable, perhaps deXuv ev
raireivocppocrvvr) for ev edeXoraireivo-
(ppoavvr).]
ii 23 (f) [Kal] d<f>ei5iq.. crapKos]
[some primitive error probable.]
ibid, (f) a eopaKev e/mfiarevojv] a/ultj {ovx) eopaKev e/xparevuv. Pro-bably a primitive error for depa (or
alibpq) Keve/uLparevoov.
I THESSALONIANS
ii 7 vrjiriot] tJttlol
579
2 THESSALONIANSi 10 (f )
[i-mo-revdyj probably a pri-
mitive error for iincrTLcdTj.]
HEBREWSii 9 xa-PLTL] XWP^iv 2 (+)] some primitive error
probable. [Perhaps aKovcraaiv for
aKovcriiaaiv. ]
ix 2 apTtcv] + teal to xpvcovv dvfxia-
T-qpiov with omission of XPV<J0^V and6vfALCLTr)pL0V KCLL in V. 3.
x 1 (t) tols avTaLS...dvj>avTai] < as
(ats). And dvvavTai] 8vvaTa,L. Someprimitive error probable.
xi 4 (f) avrov tov 6eov] avrov t<$>
6eQ. Text probably a primitive
error for avrQ) tov 6eov %.
xi 23 yfw.] + 7rtcrret fieyas yevofxe-
vos ^lojuarjs dveTKev tov KiyvizTLOv
kcltclvolov T7)v TaireivLCGLv tlov ddeX<pcov
avTov.
xi 37 (+) €Tr€LpoLo~6r)o~ai>, iirpio'drjcrav']
eirpiad-qaav, eireLpdo~drio~oLv : also <eireLpcuTdrjcrav : also < eirplcrd^aav.
'Eireipdo-drjo-au probably either a pri-
mitive interpolation or a primitive
error for some other word, as eve-
irpriaO-qcrav or iTrecptodrjcrav (iirrjp.).
xii 11 (t) irdaa fiev] Tracra [5e].
Some primitive error in the particle
not improbable.xiii 21 (+) ttolQv with marg. avTcp
tolcov] probably a primitive error
for avTos ttolojv ±.
I TIMOTHYi 4 olKOVoixiav'] OLKo8o/ULr)V
iii 1 ttlo-tos] dvdpdnrLvos
iii 16 os] : also 6eos
iv 3 (+) kloXvovtuv ya/uLeiv, dirixe ~
aOat ppcofiaruv] some primitive error
probable. [Perhaps ya/JLelv aW%e-adaL for yapieiv /cat yeveo~6cu or
yafxelv rj airTecrdcu..]
V 19] < ^/cros el fir}.../j.apTvpu}V
vi 7 (t) otl] dXrjdes otl : also 5rj-
\oi> otl and other supplements. Someprimitive error probable, perhapsinterpolation of otl after -ov.
2 TIMOTHY
i 13 (f) [cZv probably a primitive
error for 6v.]
iii 8 Ta/x/3p7Js] Ma/x/3p?Js
iv 10 TaXarta^] raXXtaz>
iv 19 'A/cuXaz>] + , AeKTpdv ttjv yv-
vaiKa avTou /cat 2t//.atai> /cat TtrjvLova
tovs viovs avTov,
TITUS
iii 10] < /cat devTepav : also varia-
tions of order.
PHILEMON
9 (t) irp€o-pvT7)s] a primitive error
for irpeo-pevTrjs, if not used in the
same sense.
APOCALYPSE
i 5 Xvcclvtl] Xovo~olvtl
i 20 at eirTCL €ttto\ a primitive error
for at eiTTaX*
ii 12; iii 1, 7, 14] tw dyyeKtt) ttjs
a primitive error for r£ dyytXcp r£(as ii 1, 8, 18).
ii 13 /cat ev rats...u/atj>] </cat. And
TjfjLepaLs] + [e^] afs. And <6s. Someprimitive error probable; apparently
'AvrtVas for 'Aj>rt7ra.
viii 13 aerou] dyyeXov
ix 10 (t)] 6/jlolcls probably a pri-
mitive error for ojulolcl.
Xi 3 (t) TT6pL^€(3\7)jUL€VOVs] TTepL-
/3e/3X?7/ueVot. Perhaps a primitive
error for irepL(3e(3X7)/j.€vols £.
xiii 10 (t) diroKTeveT] dwoKTav-
drjvciL : also omitted. Apparently a
580
primitive error for airoKTelveiv or
CLTTOKTeLVOLl.
xiii 15 (t) avrrj] avr$. Someprimitive error probable
;perhaps
loss of rrj yy after avrrj.
xiii 16 (+) 8uctli>] 5uxtov(tlv andother variations. Apparently bQcnv
a primitive error for bwcreL %.
xiii 18 efa/coc. e^Kovra e£] efa/cocr.
dtKa e'f
xiv 20 %i\iW e£a/co<7iW] %t\iWe^aKoaicjy ?f : also xl^l(j3V diaKoo-ioov
xv 6 Aiflo*'] XtVov
xviii 12 (+) fJLapyapiTcov] fiapyapi-
rais : also jiapyapirov. Some primi-
tive error probable'.
xix 13 (+) pepavTKT/j.evov'] /3e/3a/x-
/^oz/ : also zppafj.fj.evov : also 7rept-
pepafjLfievov. Probably a primitive
error for pepafA.fj.e'vov.
sV
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