new york: expanding time, increasing opportunities

8/12/2019 New York: Expanding Time, Increasing Opportunities

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1 Center for American Progress | New York: Expanding Time, Increasing Opportunities for Achievement

New York: Expanding Time, Increasing

Opportunities for AchievementBy Tiffany D. Miller June 9, 2014

New York is poised o ake an imporan sep o improve suden achievemen by

expanding learning ime or sudens atending high-povery, low-perorming schools.

Recen disric- and sae-level invesmens in expanded learning imea promising

sraegy o close achievemen and opporuniy gapswill give sudens more ime o

learn core academics bu no a he expense o exracurricular aciviies such as music,ar, and spors. Expanded learning ime also provides eachers wih more ime or col-

laboraion, planning, and proessional developmen. Whas more, New Yorks srong

hisory o working wih communiy parners will help suppor schools ha decide o

significanly lenghen he school day. Oher school disrics and saes ha are iner-

esed in boosing suden perormance, closing achievemen gaps, and expanding

enrichmen opporuniies should ollow New Yorks example and consider a significan

invesmen in expanded learning ime.

Laying the groundwork for expanded learning time

In 2011, in exchange or exempion rom cerain No Child Lef Behind Ac, or NCLB,

requiremens, he U.S. Deparmen o Educaion, or DOE, invied saes o submi

plans o implemen educaion reorms, se high sandards or all sudens, and close

achievemen gaps. Known as Elemenary and Secondary Educaion Ac flexibiliy,

or ESEA flexibiliy, his program requires saes o ouline inervenions in he saes

lowes-perorming schoolscalled prioriy and ocus schoolsin order o receive he

NCLB exempions.1In doing so, saes mus ensure ha he inervenions are aligned

wih he seven urnaround principles esablished by DOE o improve he academic

achievemen o sudens in prioriy schools. One o hese urnaround principles asks

saes o redesign he school day, week, or year o include addiional ime or suden

learning and eacher collaboraion.2


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In conjuncion wih his urnaround principle, and possibly o make i easier or some

schools o mee his requiremen, ESEA flexibiliy also allows saes o ap ino he

21s Cenury Communiy Learning Ceners, or 21s CCLC, ederal unding sream o

pay or expanded learning ime. Tis is in addiion o he beore-, afer-, and summer-

school programming ha has been he radiional uses o such unds. As he Cener

or American Progress described previously, DOEs decision o suppor expanded

learning ime is wise.3No only is here a growing body o research suggesing hamore ime in school can posiively affec suden achievemen, bu a number o saes,

disrics, and schools are also commited o redesigning he school day.4A recen coun

idenified more han 1,500 expanded learning ime schoolsabou 900 o which

were radiional public schoolsand 33 saes considered expanded-ime legislaion

in 2013.5Furhermore, a leas 24 saes and Puero Rico have been approved or 21s

CCLC flexibiliy and are increasing learning ime his school year. 6

Te Cener or American Progress will be closely waching how saes implemen he

21s CCLC flexibiliy. When implemened as par o a comprehensive school reorm

effor, expanded learning ime has grea poenial. In paricular, a lenghened learningday in high-povery schools provides sudens wih more ime or academics and enrich-

men aciviies such as ar, spors, and hands-on learning. I also gives eachers more

ime or planning and collaboraion. On he oher hand, any implemenaion effor ha

is no well planned can be a los opporuniy o boos suden achievemen and o close

opporuniy gaps in much-needed enrichmen aciviies or low-income sudens.

New Yorks ambitious approach to expanded learning time

In paricular, he sae o New York has an ambiious approach o expanding he schoolday ha will allow many schools o combine ederal suppor wih a sae-run gran

program. Focused on is lowes-perorming schools, he New York Sae Educaion

Deparmen, or NYSED, has used is ESEA waiver o require prioriy schools o expand

he learning day by a minimum o 200 hours per school year or all sudens in a school

building.7In addiion o using 21s CCLC gran unds, some schools will have he

opion o uilizing a saewide gran ocused on expanding he school day, as proposed

by Gov. Andrew Cuomo (D) in January 2013. Tis compeiive gran program will sup-

por schools ha develop approved plans o improve suden achievemen ha include

exending he school day or year by a leas 25 percen.8Te New York sae legislaure

unded he $20 million gran program in March 20139and NYSED released a reques

or proposals.10Te granees will be announced his year.

Te New York Exended Learning ime gran programmodeled off o a similar iniia-

ive launched in Massachusets in 200611will provide disrics wih unds o enable

schools o increase learning opporuniies hrough high-qualiy, redesigned exended

school day or exended year programs. School disrics can work independenly or in

collaboraion wih communiy-based organizaions. Tese hree-year grans mus ocus


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on improving academic achievemen hrough expanded learning ime. Te addiional

insrucion or educaional programs mus be provided or all sudens, bu he gran

ocuses on more han core academics. Te expanded ime mus also provide sudens

wih a range o enrichmen aciviies, a criical componen o closing he opporuniy gaps

ha are prevalen in low-income schools.12Addiionally, granees are expeced o use he

ime or eacher collaboraion and proessional developmen. Also o imporance, schools

are expeced o use daa o coninuously improve insrucion and learning, ensuring hahe exra ime is used wisely. Te addiional ime can occur beore or afer school, during

he school day, over he weekend, or during school vacaions, including he summer.

Anicipaed per pupil coss wi ll be covered by he granspecifically, 10 percen

o he school disrics annual operaing expenses or he expeced per-pupil cos o

$1,500, whichever is greaer. Awards will be based on he projeced number o su-

dens atending a seleced school, and paymen will be based on average daily aten-

dance and he amoun o addiional learning ime. Prioriy will be given o schools

serving grades six hrough eigh and schools ha serve a high-need populaion.

Should school disrics wan more planning ime, up o $10,000 in addiional unds isavailable or implemenaion planning during ha same ime period, wih a commi-

men or implemenaion during he 2014-15 school year.

New York joins Massachusets in making subsanial sae-level commimens o pro-

vide sudens and eachers wih more imean imporan ool needed o make vas

improvemens in suden achievemen in under-perorming, low-income schools.

Expanded learning time at the district level

Even beore he launch o he saes Exended Learning ime Gran Program, New York

school disrics were already developing ways o increase learning ime.

Rochester

Five Rocheser elemenary schools13have joined he ime or Innovaion Maters in

Educaion, or IME, iniiaive,14which helps schools o redesign and expand heir

school day by a leas 300 hours per year. Tis five-sae iniiaive is led by he Naional

Cener on ime & Learning and he Ford Foundaion and locally spearheaded by

he Rocheser Area Communiy Foundaion. In anoher 13 o Rochesers lowes-

perorming elemenary schools, he school day will increase by a leas 200 hours per

year. Finally, wo high schools will employ flexible scheduling o gain more ime during

he day.15Flexible scheduling can, or example, allow schools o deermine he schedule

ha bes mees he needs o heir sudens by allowing more ime or specific subjecs,

such as mah or English language ars.


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Syracuse

A collaboraion beween he Syracuse Ciy School Disric and he Syracuse eachers

Associaion esablished an iZonea cluser o schools ha are piloing new, research-

based inervenionsin 7 o is 19 prioriy schools.16Is whole-school reorm approach

o improving suden achievemen will, among eigh oher inervenions, increase he

school day by an hour and a hal. Each school will dedicae one addiional hour o su-den insrucion and 30 minues o eacher planning and collaboraion. All saff working

during he exended ime will receive a sipend. I his school reorm approach is success-

ul, he disric will implemen hese sraegies disric-wide. Tis effor was launched

during he 2013-14 school year, and daa are no ye available on is suden impac.

New York City

New York Ciy, in collaboraion wih numerous communiy-based organizaions, offers

a variey o expanded learning ime opions o sudens who need i mos. One suchopion alls under he expanded Middle School Qualiy Iniiaive, which is currenly

in is firs year o implemenaion.17Trough a parnership wih Te Afer-School

Corporaion, or ASC, and he Educaion Innovaion Laboraory a Harvard Universiy,

or EdLabs, middle school sudens a 20 schools receive a leas 12 hours per week o

lieracy-ocused suppor and enrichmen o build academic and personal behaviors

wihin an exended learning day. Under he iniiaive, sudens sruggling wih reading

comprehension receive an EdLabs-designed uoring model, wih all sudens receiving

academic enrichmen and opporuniies or social and emoional developmen, such as

posiive communicaion skills, and posiive ineracions wih aduls and peers.

Tese disric effors combined wih he sae exended learning ime gran will creae

a robus environmen or schools o significanly lenghen he school day and suppor

suden learning and eacher collaboraion, proessional developmen, and planning.

Community partners complement expanded learning time in New York

One advanage o providing sudens wih a longer school day is he poenial or

exposure o a breadh o enrichmen aciviies, such as music, spors, and ar. New

York-based communiy parners are playing a criical role in making expanded-ime

schools successul. ASC, or example, has a hisory o enlising communiy parners o

lenghen he school day. Building rom is experience as an aferschool provider, ASC

launched he ExpandED School iniiaive, which uses school-communiy parnerships

o provide sudens wih more ime or academic suppor and enrichmen aciliaed by

a mix o coaches, eaching ariss, communiy educaors, and AmeriCorps members.18


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Harlems Turgood Marshall Academy Lower School, or MALS, is an ExpandED

School ha primarily serves low-income sudens and provides a good example o how

hese parnerships can improve oucomes or sudens. MALS redesigned school

day runs rom 8:30 a.m. o 5:30 p.m. wih alernaing academic and enrichmen days,

or sudens in grades K-2 and 3-5.19In parnership wih he Abyssinian Developmen

Corporaion, MALS ensures ha sudens have opporuniies o paricipae in yoga,

ar, capoeira, and oher aciviies. Fridays are reserved or communiy service projecsled by AmeriCorps members, which gives eachers much-needed ime or weekly plan-

ning meeings and proessional developmen. Whas more, he exended day appears

o be making a difference. During he 2012-13 school year, MALS sudens perormed

on par academically wih schools ha serve similar sudens. However, suden es

scores in boh English language ars and mah improved more in MALS beween he

2011-12 and 2012-13 school years han in schools serving similar populaions.20

Organizaions and schools hroughou New York sae are also collaboraing o effec-

ively expand learning ime. For example, he Naional Cener on ime & Learning and

ASC are leading an effor o esablish one saewide ramework or expanded learningime. Te goal o his effor is o have a conversaion among expanded learning ime

sakeholders in he sae, including Gov. Cuomo and he New York Sae Aferschool

Nework, in order o creae a menu o expanded learning opions. Schools and disrics

will hen selec he programming opions ha bes mee heir unique local needs.

Conclusion

Aimed a high-povery, under-perorming schools, expanded learning ime is a promising

sraegy ha provides sudens wih more ime or academics and enrichmen, and giveseachers more ime or planning, collaboraion, and proessional developmen. New York

is well posiioned o implemen a sae-level approach o increased learning ime. No

only does i have sae unding o lenghen he learning day, bu i also has a srong hisory

o parnering wih communiy-based organizaions and aferschool programs o enrich

sudens learning experiences. From Rocheser o New York Ciy, exciing expanded

learning ime iniiaives are developing across he sae, bringing New York one sep

closer o closing achievemen and opporuniy gaps or is mos disadvanaged sudens.

Oher saes and school disrics would be wise o consider hese approaches o increas-

ing learning ime.

Tiffany D. Miller is the Associate Director for School Improvement at the Center for

American Progress.


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Endnotes

1 U.S. Department of Education, Elementary & SecondaryEducation: ESEA Flexibil ity, available at http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/esea-flexibility/index.html(lastaccessed May 2014).

2 Ibid.

3 Tiffany D. Miller, Expanded Learning Time Should Be Partof the 21st Century Community Learning Center Program(Washington: Center for American Progress, 2013), availableat http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education/news/2013/08/06/71564/expanded-learning-time-should-be-part-of-the-21st-century-community-learning-center-program/.

4 For a review of research on expanded learning time, seeDavid Farbman, The Case for Improving and ExpandingTime in School: A Review of Key Research and Practice (Bos-ton: National Center on Time & Learning, 2012), available athttp://www.timeandlearning.org/caseformoretime.

5 Claire Kaplan and others, Financing Expanded LearningTime in Schools: A Look at Five District-Expanded TimeSchools (Boston: National Center on Time & Learn-ing, 2014), available at http://www.timeandlearning.org/?q=financing-expanded-learning-time-schools; TimeTo Succeed, A Timely Movement, available at http://www.

timetosucceed.com/?infographic (last accessed February2014).

6 Tiffany D. Miller, Interactive Map: Are States Using FlexibilityWaivers to Expand Learning Time in Schoo ls?, Centerfor American Progress, December 18, 2013, available athttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education/news/2013/12/18/81374/interactive-map-are-states-using-flexibility-waivers-to-expand-learning-time-in-schools/.

7 New York State Education Department, New York StatesESEA Flexibility Request (2012), available at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/accountability/documents/NYSESEAFlexi-bilityWaiver_REVISED.pdf; Letter from the State EducationDepartment, The University of the State of New York, to theBoard of Regents, April 16, 2012.

8 Office of New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, Governor CuomoOutlines Bold Agenda for 2013: Builds on Progress of PastTwo Years by Growing the Economy, Investing in Education,Maintaining Legacy as Progressive Capital of the Nation,

and Rising to Meet Challenges in the Wake of HurricaneSandy, Press release, January 9, 2013, available at http://www.governor.ny.gov/press/01092013-cuomo-agen-da-2013.

9 Ibid.

10 For a copy of the request for proposals for the ExtendedLearning Time Grant Program, see New York State EducationDepartment, Funding Opportunity: Extended LearningTime Grant Program (2013), available at http://www.p12.nysed.gov/funding/extended-learning-time-grant-pro-gram/ETL-Grant-Application.pdf.

11 Mass 2020, Expanded Learning Time Initiative, availableathttp://www.mass2020.org/?q=node/10(last accessedMarch 2014).

12 Claire Kaplan and Roy Chan, Time Well Spent: Eight Power-ful Practices of Successful Expanded-Time Schools (Boston:National Center on Time & Learning, 2011), available at

http://www.timeandlearning.org/?q=time-well-spent-eight-powerful-practices-successful-expanded-time-schools;Prudence Carter and Kevin Welner, Closing the OpportunityGap (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013).

13 Rochester City School District, Five RCSD Schools ChosenBy National Program To Provide Additional High Qual ityInstructional Time, Press release, May 23, 2013, available athttp://www.rcsdk12.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=1&ModuleInstanceID=492&ViewID=047E6BE3-6D87-4130-8424-D8E4E9ED6C2A&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=30064&PageID=1.

14 Ford Foundation, New Five-State Collaborative WillReimagine School Day and Increase Learning Time forTens of Thousands of Students, Press release, December 3,2012, available at http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/educational-opportunity-and-scholarship/more-and-better-learning-time/news?id=698.

15 Cathy Woodruff, Eight-hour school day arrives in Rochester,On Board Online, September 2, 2013, available at http://www.nyssba.org/news/2013/08/30/on-board-online-sep-tember-2-2013/eight-hour-school-day-arrives-in-rochester/.

16 For more information about the Syracuse Innovation Zone,see Syracuse Innovation Zone, available at http://scsdi-zone.wix.com/scsdizone#!about_us/csgz (last accessed May2014).

17 New York City Department of Education, Schools Chancel-lor Walcott and City Council Speaker Quinn AnnouncePilot Program to Extend School Day & Expansion of MiddleSchool Quality Initiative, Press release, April 29, 2013, avail-able athttp://schools.nyc.gov/Offices/mediarelations/News-andSpeeches/2012-2013/042913_qualityinitiative.htm.

18 For more information about the ExpandED Schools modelby TASC, see ExpandED School s, available athttp://www.expandedschools.org/(last accessed May 2014).

19 Kathleen Traphagen, Strengthening Science Education:The Power of More Time to Deepen Inquiry and Engage-ment (Boston: National Center on Time & Learning, 2011),available at http://www.timeandlearning.org/files/Full-StrenghtheningScienceEducation.pdf.

20 New York City Department of Education, Progress ReportOverview 2012-13: Elementary and Middle Schools, Thur-good Marshall Academy Lower School (2013), available athttp://schools.nyc.gov/OA/SchoolReports/2012-13/Prog-ress_Report_Overview_2013_EMS_M318.pdf.
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enderLoc=0&FlexDataID=30064&PageID=1http://www.rcsdk12.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=1&ModuleInstanceID=492&ViewID=047E6BE3-6D87-4130-8424-D8E4E9ED6C2A&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=30064&PageID=1http://www.rcsdk12.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=1&ModuleInstanceID=492&ViewID=047E6BE3-6D87-4130-8424-D8E4E9ED6C2A&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=30064&PageID=1http://www.rcsdk12.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=1&ModuleInstanceID=492&ViewID=047E6BE3-6D87-4130-8424-D8E4E9ED6C2A&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=30064&PageID=1http://www.mass2020.org/?q=node/10http://www.p12.nysed.gov/funding/extended-learning-time-grant-program/ETL-Grant-Application.pdfhttp://www.p12.nysed.gov/funding/extended-learning-time-grant-program/ETL-Grant-Application.pdfhttp://www.p12.nysed.gov/funding/extended-learning-time-grant-program/ETL-Grant-Application.pdfhttp://www.governor.ny.gov/press/01092013-cuomo-agenda-2013http://www.governor.ny.gov/press/01092013-cuomo-agenda-2013http://www.governor.ny.gov/press/01092013-cuomo-agenda-2013http://www.p12.nysed.gov/accountability/documents/NYSESEAFlexibilityWaiver_REVISED.pdfhttp://www.p12.nysed.gov/accountability/documents/NYSESEAFlexibilityWaiver_REVISED.pdfhttp://www.p12.nysed.gov/accountability/documents/NYSESEAFlexibilityWaiver_REVISED.pdfhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education/news/2013/12/18/81374/interactive-map-are-states-using-flexibility-waivers-to-expand-learning-time-in-schools/http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education/news/2013/12/18/81374/interactive-map-are-states-using-flexibility-waivers-to-expand-learning-time-in-schools/http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education/news/2013/12/18/81374/interactive-map-are-states-using-flexibility-waivers-to-expand-learning-time-in-schools/http://www.timetosucceed.com/?infographichttp://www.timetosucceed.com/?infographichttp://www.timeandlearning.org/?q=financing-expanded-learning-time-schoolshttp://www.timeandlearning.org/?q=financing-expanded-learning-time-schoolshttp://www.timeandlearning.org/caseformoretimehttp://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/esea-flexibility/index.htmlhttp://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/guid/esea-flexibility/index.html

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