Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 80 (3) 449-467 (1983)

[ 449 ]

Printed in Great Britain

NEW OR INTERESTING MICROFUNGIIX. DEMATIACEOUS HYPHOMYCETES FROM ESHER COMMON

By P. M. KIRKCommonwealth Mycological Institute, Ferry Lane, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 lAF, U.K.

Twenty dematiaceous hyphomycetes are reported from Esher Common, Surrey, includingAnungitea heterospora sp.nov., A. rhabdospora sp.nov., Baetrodesmium esheri sp.nov., Conio-sporium ilicinum sp.nov., Hemibeltrania echinulata sp.nov., Periconiella ilicis sp.nov., Poly-scytalum pini sp.nov. and Sporidesmium ilicinum sp.nov., Anungitea continua, Chalara,paroispora, Neta patuxentica and Pithomyces valparadisiacus (Speg.) comb.nov., are reportedfrom the British Isles for the first time and additional records of Endophragmiella eboracensis,Leptodontium elatius, Oncopodiella trigonella, Phaeostalagmus peregrinus, Selenosporella curvis-pora, Sporidesmium dennisii (M. B. Ellis) comb.nov. and Triadelphia uniseptata (Berk. & Br.)comb.nov. are provided.

ANUNGITEA CONTINUA Matsushima, Icon. Micro-Fung. Matsushima lect.: 7 (1975). (Fig. 1A)

Colonieseffuse, hairy, pale brown to brown, ofteninconspicuous. Mycelium partly superficial, partlyimmersed in the substratum, composed of smooth,branched, thin-walled, pale brown to brownhyphae up to 2·5 pm wide. Conidiophores macrone-matous, mononematous, simple, erect, straight,brown, paler towards the apex, smooth, septate,30-100 pm or more high, 2-3 pm wide, up to8 pm wide at the swollen base. Conidiogenous cellsterminal, integrated, polyblastic, sympodial, denti-culate, denticles short and conical with unthickenedapices. Conidia aerogenous, catenate, in unbranchedchains of 3-5, dry, smooth, hyaline, cylindrical,rounded at the ends and lacking a conspicuous scar,non-septate, 6--8 (-10) pm long, (1-) 1.5-2 pmwide.

Specimens examined: On Pinus nigra Link needles,Gydir Forest, Wales, U.K., 22May 1958,W. B. Kendrick,IMI 73555; on Pinus sylvestris L. needles, HarewoodHouse, Leeds, West Yorkshire, U.K., 19 May 1978,D. W. Minter, IM1228430; Callander, Steriingshire,U.K., 22 June 1978, D. W. Minter, IMI 233584; EsherCommon, Surrey, U.K., 30 June 1978, P. M. Kirk 128b,IMI231182b; Mamhead Plantation, Exeter, Devon,U.K., 1 Sept. 1978, P. M. Kirk 136, 139a, IMI 231865,231868a; Great Langdale, Westmoreland, U.K., 24 Sept.1978, D. W. Minter, IMI 233582; Esher Common,Surrey, U.K., 16 Sept. 1979and 13Apr. 1980,P. M. Kirk470b, 563, IMI 241401b, 247253.

Matsushima (1975) described and illustratedAnungitea continua from decaying needles of Pinussp. collected in Japan. His description was,however, based on a culture of the fungus growingon a segment of steam-sterilized Musa leaf placedon corn meal agar. The present collections agreewith Matsushima's description in all respects

except that the conidia were reported to formproximally branched chains. The significance ofthis characteristic, which appears to be absent fromall the collections examined here, is unknown.

Sutton & Hodges (1978) were of the opinion thatA. continua was not congeneric with A. jragilisB. Sutton (1973), the type species of Anungitea, andprobably represented a species of SpeiropsisTubaki(1958). This misplacement of the species seemsmost unlikely since Matsushima described andillustrated S. pedatosporaTubaki, a distinct specieseasily distinguished from A. continua, in the samepublication that he introduced A. continua.

Anungitea continua appears to be restricted toneedles of Pinus spp. and although it is possiblypresent throughout the British Isles wherever itshost substratum occurs it has not previously beenreported as occurring here.

Illustrations: Matsushima (1975).

Anungitea heterospora P. M. Kirk, sp.nov.(Fig. 2A)

Coloniae effusae, pilosae, pallide brunneae ad brunneae,saepe inconspicuosae. Mycelium partim superficiale,partim in substrato immersum, ex hyphis laevibus,ramosis, tenuitunicatis, pallide brunneis, usque ad 2·5 pmlatis compositum. Conidiophora macronematosa, mono-nematosa, simplicia, erecta, recta vel leviter flexuosa,plerumque solitaria, brunnea ad atrobrunnea, apicemversus pallidiora, laevia, septata, in fundamento plusminusve radialiter lobata, 35-80 (-110) pm alta, 2-3(-3"5) pm lata, ad basim usque ad 10 pm lata. Cellulaeconidiogenae terminaIes, in conidiophoris incorporatae,polyblasticae, sympodiales, denticulatae, brevibus cumdenticulis quibusque formam habentibus coni qui nonincrassatum est cacumen, Conidia acrogena, solitaria velbrevicatenata, sicca, Iaevia, hyaIina, guttulata, cylindrica,in terminis rotundata, vel (raro) nonnihiI obovoidea,r-septata, ad septum nonnumquam vix constricta, cum

45°

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New or interesting microfungi

Fig. 1. (A) Anungitea continua. (B) Chalara paroispora. (C) Leptodontium elatius. (D) New patuxentica. (E)Phaeostalagmus cy closporus.

P. M. Kirk 45 1

cicatriculi s nil incrassatis sed paulo protuberantibus infundamento quorumque conidiorum licet sint solitaria velincatenis,et ambobus in terminis iIIorumconidiorum quaein eaten is sunt intercalaria, conidia solitaria ~'5 pmlonga, 3-3'5 (- 4) pm lata, conidia in eaten is (8-) <}-1611mlonga, 2'5-3 pm lata.

In folio emortuo Pseudounnterae c% ratae (Raoul)Dandy, Achamore, Isle of Gigha , U.K., 15 May 1981,R. W. G. Dennis, IMI 259596a , holotypus,

Colonies effuse, hairy, pale brown to brown, ofteninconspicuous. Mycelium partly superficial, partlyimmersed in the substratum, composed of smooth,branched, thin-walled, pale brown hyphae up to2 '5 pm wide. Conidiophore: macronematous, mono-nernatous, simple, erect, straight or slightly flexu-ous, usually solitary, brown to dark brown, palertowards the apex, smooth, septate, more or lessradially lobedatthe base, 35-80 (- 110) I'm high, 2-3(- 3'5) pm wide, up to 10 pm wide at the base.Conidiogenous cellsterminal, integrated, polyblastic,sympodial, denticulate, denticles short and conicalwith unthickened apices. Conidia aerogenous,solitary or shortly catenate, dry, smooth, hyaline,guttulate, cylindrical with rounded ends or (rarely)somewhat obovoid, r-septate, occasionally slightlyconstricted at the septum, with a slightly raised orprotuberant unthickened scar at the base of thesolitary or terminal conidia and at both ends in thecase of intercalary conidia, solitary conidia8-9'5 pm long, 3-3'5 (-4) Itm wide, catenateconidia (8- ) 9-16 pm long, 2'S-3Itm wide.

Specimens examined : On Rosa sp. cane, Esher Common,Surrey, U.K., 7 Apr. 1980, P. M . Kirk 544, IMI 246984;on Rubus [ruticosus L. agg. cane, St Minver, Cornwall,U.K. , 16 June 1980, P. M. Kirk 659, IMI 249632, EsherCommon, Surrey, U.K., 12 Apr . 1981, P. M. Kirk 942d,IMI 258579d; on l/ex pernyi Franch. leaf, Brodick CastleGr ounds , Isle of Arran, U.K., 8 Sept . 1980, P. M. Kirk786, IMI252162; on Pseudowimera c% rata leaves,Achamore, Isle of Gigha , U.K., 15 May 1981,R. W. G . Dennis, IMI 259596a, holotype , IMI 259597a.

Although differing somewhat from the typespecies of Anungitea, A.jragilis (Sutton, 1973), theinclusion of A. heterospora does not enlargesignificantly the already broad concept ofthe genus.However, the alternative of introducting a newgenus for the present species is certainly lesssatisfactory than the procedure followed. Un-doubtedly many similar species are yet to bediscovered and a revision of Anungitea and otherapparently closely related genera, with a view tomore clearly defining generic limits , must awaitsuch discoveries.

The heterosporous nature of the conidia, beingeither solitary or shortly catenate, is not withoutprecedent in the hyphomycetes, Several species ofCladosporium sensu Ellis (1976) possess the ability

to form either solitary or catenate conidia as dosome species of Alternaria.

The present species is similar to an isolateillustrated by Matsushima (1971; Fig . 27/1-2 andPI. 913-4) as Scolecobasidium coprophilum (Subram .& Lodha) Matsushima. However, it is not possibleto compare directly this isolate, which is in artificialculture, with the six collections on their naturalsubstrata cited above.

Anungitea rhabdospora P. M. Kirk, sp.nov .(Fig. 2B)

Coloniaeetrusae ,pilosae,albae,inconspicuosae.Myceliumpartim supcrficiale, partim in substrato immersum, exhyph is paIlide brunneis, laevibus, ramos is, septatis,1-2 pm latis compositum. Conidiophora macronematosa,mononematosa, solitaria, erecta, recta, laevia, septata,pallide brunnea, ad apicem pallidiora, 18-40 pm alta,2-3 f1m lata, ad basim usque ad 6'5 f1m lata. Cellulaeconidiogenae in conidiophoris incorporatae, polyblasticae,sympodiales , denticulatae, cylindricis et brevibus cumdenticulis quibus sunt apices nil incrassati. Conidiaacrogena, sicca, in catenis simplicibus et facile fractis,cylindrica, laevia, pallidissime olivaceobrunnea, r-septata,12-18 f1m longa, 0'7-1 pm lata.

In folio emortuo Fagi sy/vaticae L., Esher Common,Surrey, U.K ., 16 Sept . 1979, P. M. Kirk 460 g, IMI241391 g, holotypus,

Colonies effuse, hairy, white, inconspicous.Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in thesubstratum, composed of pale brown, smooth,branched, septate 1-2 pm wide hyphae. Conidio-phores macronernatous, mononematous, solitary,erect, straight, smooth, septate, pale brown, palertowards the apex, 18-40 pm high, 2-3 pm wide, upto 6'Sltm wide at the base. Conidiogenous cellsintegrated, polyblastic, sympodial, denticulate, thedenticles short and cylindrical with unthickenedapices. Conidia aerogenous, dry, formed in simplereadily fragmenting chains, cylindrical, smooth,very pale olivaceous brown, r-septate, 12-18 pmlong, 0'7-1 pm wide.

In some respects Anungitea rhabdosporaresembles some species presently placed in Polyscy-talum, particularly P. hareae (B. Sutton) P. M.Kirk (1981 a) . This, perhaps, further indicatesthat generic limits in this area of hyphomycetetaxonomy require clearer definition (vide supra). Inplacing the present species in Anungitea rather thanPolyscytalum, the absence of branched chains ofconidia and the presence of cylindrical, rather thansomewhat conical , denticles were taken intoaccount before a decision was arrived at .

Bactrodesmium esheri P. M. Kirk, sp.nov.(Fig· 3A)

Sporodochia punctiformia, dispersa , pallide brunnea adbrunnea, saepe inconspicuosa, usque ad 50 f1m diam.

452 New or interesting microfungi

.. : .."

B

10/l 11l

-:.,. '.'

.' :.:

A

10/lIl1

Fig. 2. (A) Anungitea heterospora. (B) Anungitea rhabdospora.

P. M. Kirk 453

10pIn

SO pIn

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A

20 urn

10pIn

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Fig. 3. (A) Bactrodesmium esheri. (B) Coniosporium ilicinum.

454 New or interesting microfungi

Mycelium in substrato plerumque immersum, ex hyphispallide brunneis, ramosis, laevibus, septatis l'5-3;.tmlatis compositum. Conidiophora macronematosa velsemimacronematosa, fasciculata, simplicia vel raro in-feriore in parte ramosa, hyalina, laevia, septata, rnonili-formia, usque ad 20 flm longa, 2-3;.tm lata. Cellulaeconidiogenae monoblasticae, determinatae, in conidio-phoris incorporatae vel discretae, terminales, clavatae.Conidia acrogena, solitaria, sicca, ellipsoidea adobovoidea, recta vel interdum leviter curvata, z-septata,reductis cum luminibus cellularum (cellula antern imaexcepta), 10·5-15;.tm longa 5'5-7'5 flm lata.

In ligno emortuo arboris ignotae, Esher Common,Surrey, U.K., 17 Feb. 1980, P. M. Kirk 512a,IMI 245426a, holotypus.

Sporodochia punctiform, scattered, pale brownto brown, often inconspicuous, up to 50 pm diam.Mycelium mostly immersed in the substratum,composed of pale brown, branched, smooth,septate, 1'5-3 pm wide hyphae. Conidiophoresmacronematous or semimacronematous, fasci-culate, simple or rarely branched proximally,hyaline, smooth, septate, moniliform, up to zo pmlong, 2-3 pm wide. Conidiogenous cells mono-blastic, determinate, integrated or discrete,terminal, clavate. Conidia aerogenous, solitary, dry,ellipsoid to obovoid, straight or sometimes slightlycurved, z-septate, cell lumina reduced except in thebasal cell, 10'5-15 pm long, 5'5-7'5 pm wide.

Bactrodesmium esheri is close to B. spilomeum(Berk, & Br.) Mason & S. Hughes (Hughes, 1953)differing from this species in its consistentlysmaller conidia and moniliform conidiophores.

CHALARA PARVISPORA Nag Raj & S. Hughes, N.Z.Jl Bot. 12: 117 (1974). (Fig. 1B)

Conidiophores septate, 50-90 pm high, 3-3'5 pmwide, up to 6 pm wide at the base. Venter 13-17 pm long, 4'5-6'5 pm wide. Collarette cylin-drical, 18-Z4 pm long, 2-2'5 flm wide. Conidiacylindrical, non-septate, hyaline, 4-6 (-8) pmlong, t :5-2 pm wide.

Specimen examined: On dead stem of Pteridiumaquilinum L., Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 25 May1980, P. M. Kirk 611, IMI 2486°5.

Nag Raj & Hughes (1974) described this speciesfrom decaying Cyathea medullaris (Forst.) Sw.collected in New Zealand. It was redescribed byNag Raj & Kendrick (1975) where the holotype wasthe only specimen examined. The characteristics ofthe present collection, although differing slightlyfrom the published description of C. paroispora,notably in the length of the conidiophores, suggestthat it is probably best referred to this species. Itis thus reported as a new member of the British

mycoflora. It is interesting to note that the holotypeand the collection cited above are both growing onmembers of the Pteridophyta.

Illustrations: Nag Raj & Hughes (1974), Nag Raj& Kendrick (1975).

Coniosporium ilicinum P. M. Kirk, sp.nov.(Fig.3 B)

Sporodochia dispersa, erumpentia, pulvinata, atra,100-250;.tm diam interdum etiam majora. Myceliumimmersum, ex hyphis pallide brunneis ad brunneis,laevibus, ramosis, septatis, 2-3;.tm latis compositum.Conidia catenata, sicca, globosa ad subglobosa vel lateellipsoidea, muriformia, laevia, in maturate atrobrunnis-sima ad fusca, 16-26 flm diam vel 20-30;.tm longa,16-21 ;.tm lata.

In ramunculi emortui /licis aquifolii L., EsherCommon, Surrey, U.K., 9 Oct. 1979, P. M. Kirk 498,IMI 242171, holotypus.

Sporodochia scattered, erumpent, pulvinate,black, 100-25° pm or more diam. Myceliumimmersed, composed of pale brown to brown,smooth, branched, septate, 2-3 pm wide hyphae.Conidia catenate, dry, globose to subglobose orbroadly ellipsoid, muriform, smooth, very darkbrown to blackish brown at maturity, 16-26 fl-mdiam or Z0-30 pm long, 16-Z1 pm wide.

Coniosporium ilicinum differs from C. olivaceumLink by its smaller, more deeply pigmented conidiaand absence of the characteristic olive or yellowish-olive pigmentation of the sporodochia.

ENDOPHRAGMIELLA EBORACENSIS B. Sutton, Natur-alist, Hull 933: 71 (1975)· (Fig. 4)

Sutton (1975) described E. eboracensis from acollection growing over an old stroma of Diatrypestigma (Hoff.: Fr.) Fr. on an unidentified twig. Hecompared it with E. canadensis (Ell. & Ev.)B. Sutton (1973) and E. pallescens B. Sutton (1973)which were considered to be hyperparasites ofValsa ambiens (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. and Cytosporachrysosperma (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. respectively. Hughes(1978) demonstrated that E. canadensis wassynonymous with E. suboliuacea (Ell. & Ev.)S. Hughes. Recent collections (Kirk, 1981 b) wouldappear to indicate that these species are nothyperparasitic but are occasionally found growingas opportunist saprophytes on effete pyrenomyceteascomata or effete conidiomata of coelomycetes.

In the present collections r-septate conidia are10'5 x 16 x 5-6'5 pm, z-septate conidia are14-Z1 x 5-7 pm and 3-septate conidia are16-Z1 .5 x 5' 5-7 pm, agreeing closely with thedimensions given by Sutton (1975) and Hughes(1979). These collections constitute the first recordof this species since its description.

P. M. Kirk

Fig. 4. Endophragmiella eboracensis.

l Il urn

455

Specimens examined: Overgrowing an old stroma ofDiatrype stigma, Anston Stones Wood, Yorkshire, U.K.,3 Sept. 1974, B. C. & A. V. Sutton, IMI 188596d,holotype ; on rotten wood of Taxus baccata L., JuniperHill, Mickleham, Surrey, U.K., 6 Sept. 1979, P. M. Kirk433, 434, 435, IMI 241255, 241256, 241257; on rottenwood, Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 25 May 1980,P. M. Kirk 601a, IMI 248595a.

Hemibeltrania echinulata P. M. Kirk, sp.nov.(Fig. SA)

Coloniae effusae, pilosae, fuscae ad atrae. Myceliumpartim superficiale, partim in substrato immersum, exhyphis pallide brunneis, laevibus, ramosis, septatis,2-3·5 flm latis, immersis compositum ex quibus exoriturreticulum hypharum superficialium brunnearum,

456 New or interesting microfungi

Fig. 5. (A) Hemibeltrania echtnulata. (B) Oncopodiella trtgonella. (C) Phaeostalagmus peregrinus.

P. M. Kirk 457laevium, ramosarum, septatarum, 4-7 ttm latarum. Coni-diophora macronematosa, mononematosa, solitaria, exmycelium superficiale orientia, erecta, simplicia, recta velleviter flexuosa, atrobrunnea ad fusca, ad apicempallidiora, laevia, septata, 140-300 ttm alta, 3' 5-5 ttm lata,ad fundamentum tumefactum usque ad 16 ttm lata.Cellulae conidiogenae terminales, in conidiophorisincorporatae, sympodiales denticulatae brevibus cumdenticulis quibus sunt forma coni et apices nil incrassati.Conidia acrogena, solitaria, sicca, non-septata, pallidebrunnea ad olivaceo-brunnea, echinulata, late ellipsoideaad obovoidea, 12-14 (-16) ttm longa, 5'5-7 (-8) ttm lata,in fundamento quaeque cum cicatricula, 1-2 ttm lata, nilincrassata, nonnihil protuberanti.

In caulibus emortuis Rubi fruticosi agg., EsherCommon, Surrey, U.K., 7 Apr. 1980, P. M. Kirk 543,IMI 246983, holotypus.

Colonies effuse, hairy, blackish-brown to black.Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in thesubstratum, composed of pale brown, smooth,branched, septate, 2-3'5 pm wide immersedhyphae giving rise to a network of brown, smooth,branched, septate, 4-7 pm wide superficial hyphae.Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, sol-itary, arising from the superficial mycelium, erect,simple, straight or slightly flexuous, dark brown toblackish-brown, paler towards the apex, smooth,septate, 140-300 pm high, 3'5-5 pm wide, up to16 pm wide at the swollen base. Conidiogenous cellsterminal, integrated, sympodial, denticulate, den-ticles short and conical with unthickened apices.Conidia aerogenous, solitary, dry, non-septate, palebrown to olivaceous brown, echinulate, broadlyellipsoid to obovoid, 12-14 (-16) pm long, 5'5-7( - 8) pm wide, with an unthickened, 1-2 pm wide,somewhat protuberant scar at the base.

The genus Hemibeltrania was established byPirozynski (1963) for two species, H. cinnamomi(Deighton) Piroz. (syn. Hansfordia cinnamomiDeighton) and H. neetandrae (Batista & Maia)Piroz. (syn. Mammaria nectandrae Batista &Maia), both apparently parasitic and causing leafspots on Cinnamomum and Nectandra respectively.Pirozynski considered that Hemibeltrania appeared'to be closely related to Pseudobeltrania . . .and isincluded in the Beltraniae.' although recognizingthe different form of its conidia.

Kendrick (1980), however, argued that Hemibel-trania was probably not closely related to theBeltrania group of genera (Beltrania, Beltraniella,Beltraniopsis, Ellisiopsis and Pseudobeltrania), theonly similarity between the two being the radiallylobed conidiophore base and the questionablyapiculate conidia. Kirk (1982 b) has postulated uponthe origins of radially lobed conidiophore bases andit is concluded that their occurrence in severalmorphologically diverse hyphomycete generawould appear to be the result of convergent

evolution due to similar habitat types rather thancommon ancestry.

Hemibeltrania navicularis B. Sutton (1976) wasconsidered by Kendrick to be almost certainlyunrelated to H. cinnamomi and H. nectandrae andhas recently been transferred to another genus (seeKirk, 1982a).

Considering then that Hemibeltrania is notclosely related to the Beltrania group of genera, theinclusion of the present species does not extend thegeneric concept to too great an extent. H emibeltraniaechinulata differs from H. cinnamomi and H.neetandrae in its saprophytic and non-foliicolousnature, absence of radially lobed conidiophorebases, and conidiogenous denticles which becomeobscured by proliferation of the conidiogenous celland thickening and pigmentation of the conidio-genous cell walls. It has affinities with species ofPleurophragmium and Veronaea (sensu Ellis, 1976)differing from the former in the morphology oftheconidiogenous denticles and the latter in theabsence of thickened scars on the conidiogenouscells.

LEPTODONTIUM ELATIUS (Mangenot) de Hoog,Stud. Mycol. 15: 47 (1977). (Fig. 1C)

Rhinocladiella elatior Mangenot, Revue gen. Bot.59: 57 (1952).

De Hoog (1977) established Leptodontium for anumber of dematiaceous hyphomycetes which areprobably not closely related but which form smallnon-septate conidia from sympodially proliferatingconidiogenous cells. Most of the species includedwere described only from material in pure cultureand these were characterized by grey to blackfuniculose colonies formed from submerged pig-mented hyphae, and hyaline conidiogenous cells.The present species, the type species, only re-sembles those described from pure culture when itis also grown on artificial media.

Two additional collections from the British Isles,on Acer sp. wood and isolated from Prunus cerasusL., are cited by de Hoog (1977).

Specimens examined: On Quercus robur L. wood, EsherCommon, Surrey, U.K., 13 Apr. 1980, P. M. Kirk 555g,IMI 247245g.

NETA PATUXENTICA Shearer &Crane, Mycologia 63:241 (1977). (Fig. 1D)

Characterized by a black arachnoid colonycomposed of typically dichotomously branched,smooth, dark blackish-brown hyphae and somewhatallantoid or reniform hyaline conidia, Netapatuxentica Shearer & Crane would appear toshow a preference for an aquatic or semi-aquaticenvironment. In the present collection the conidiaare slightly longer (13-18 x 4'5-5'5 /lm) than in the

Spe cimens examined: On dead leavesof /lex aquifolium,Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 9 & 24 Aug. 1980,P. M. Kirk 698, 700, 740, 742a, IMI 250695, 250696,251145, holotype, 251147a.

The rather tall, thin conidiophores of Periconiellailicis are typical of those found in many of thespecies of Periconiella described by Ellis (1967 ).However, the absence of conspicuous scars on theconidiogenous cells and conidia at once distinguishP. ilicis from species which are in other respectsclearly congeneric. Of these species perhaps P.geonomae M. B. Ellis and P. smilacis M. B. Ellis areclosest to the present species. The former differsfrom P. ilicis in its slightly narrower conidia andabsence of any ornamentation at the apex of theconidiophore or its branches whilst the latterspecies, although sometimes possessing minutely

ONCOPODIELLA TRIGONELLA (Sacc.) Rifai, Persoonia3: 409 (1965). (Fig. 5B)

Sporidesmium trigonellum Sacc., Michelia 2: 641(1882).

Piricauda trigonella (Sacc.) Moore, Rhodora 61: 105(1959)·

Oncopodiella tetraedrica Arnaud, Bull. trimest. Soc.mycol. Fr. 69: 296 (1954). (nom.nud.)

An apparently rare element of the British myco-flora, Oncopodiella trigonella (Sacc.) Rifai is repres-ented in herb. IMI by only four collections,including the present one, from the British Isles.The morphology of the conidia, for which thereappears to be no satisfactory terminology todescribe their shape, is such that the fungus isreadily recognized. The basic shape is similar tothat which would result from closing the ends of acylindrical tube of length equal to its diameter suchthat the closed ends were disposed at 90° to eachother.

Illustrations: Arnaud (1954), Ellis (1971), Moore(1959), Rifai (1965), Verona & Benedek (1975).

Specimens examined: On submerged Ochroma pyra-midale (Cav, ex Lam.) Urb. (balsa wood) blocks, PatuxentWildlife Research Centre, Laurel, Maryland, U.S.A., 10Oct. 1967, Shearer & Crane A-64, 1M! 145488, isotype;on partially submerged Salix sp. wood, Scanterbury,Manitoba, Canada, 22 Oct. 1968, B. C. Sutton,IMI 145745; on rotten wood (? Fagus syluatica), EsherCommon, Surrey, U.K., 17 Feb. 1980, P. M. Kirk 518,IM1 245432.

Specimens examined: On rotten wood of Alnus sp.,Swinton Park, Yorkshire, U.K., 11 Oct. 1947, E. W.Mason, IMI 19297b; on rotten wood of Hedera helixL., South Molton Wood, North Devon, U.K., 19 May1972, M. B. Ellis, ' IMI 167395b; on rotten wood ofSambu cus nigra L., Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 9 Oct.1979, P. M. Kirk 492b, IMI 242165b ; on rotten bark ofUlmus sp., Devil's Ditch, Stetchworth, Cambridgeshire,U.K., 18May 1963,J. Webster & M. A. Rifai SHD 2687,IMll00918.

Periconiella iIicis P. M. Kirk, sp .nov. (F ig. 6B)

Coloniae effusae, pilosae, brunneae, inconspicuosae.Mycelium partim superficiale, partirn in substrato

458 New or interesting microfungi

isotype (lMI 145488). Also, unlike the isotype, the immersum, ex hyphis pallide brunneis, laevibus, ramosis,conidiogenous cell is not septate and is this respect septatis, 1'5-2 '5 JIm latis immersis et ex hyphis pallideit resembles those in the collection described by brunneis ad brunneis, laevibus, septatis, 1'5- 3 JIm latisSutton (1973). superficialibus in forma reticuli compositum. Conidio-

Judging from the illustration, Dactylaria quadri- phora e reticulo exorientia, macronematosa, rnononerna-tosa, solitaria, erecta, in parte superiore rarnosa, recta vel

guttata Matsushima (1975) could be synonymous leviter flexuosa, plerumque laevia ad apicem echinulata,with N . patuxentica. septata, brunnea ad atrobrunnea, ad apicem pallidiora,

The collection from Esher Common constitutes 200-500 (- 750) 11m alta, 6--8 JIm lata, ad fundarnentumthe first record of N. patuxentica from the British inflata vel radialiter lobata usque ad 30 JIm lata. CellulaeIsles. conidiogenae polyblasticae, in stipibus et ramulis termin-

Illustrations: Ellis (1976), Shearer & Crane ales et incorporatae, sympodiales, cicatricibus cum(1971), Sutton (1973), Verona & Benedek (1973), minutis, inconspicuosis et non-incrassatis . Conidia

catenis in siccis, inferiore in parte rarnosis, facile fractisexorientia, cylindrica et in terminis rotundata ad lateellipsoidea, pallide olivaceobrunnea ad pallide brunnea,echinulata, 6'5-8 '5 JIm longa, 3-4 (-4 '5) /lm lata.

In folio emortuo !licis aquifolii, Esher Common,Surrey, U.K ., 24 Aug. 1980, P. M. Kirk 740,IMI 251145, holotypus,

Colonies effuse, hairy, brown, inconspicuous.Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in thesubstratum, composed of pale brown, smooth,branched, septate, t :5-2'5 pm wide immersedhyphae and a superficial network of pale brown tobrown, smooth, septate, 1'5-3 pm wide hyphaefrom which the conidiophores arise. Conidiophoresmacronematous, mononematous, solitary, erect,branched distally, straight or slightly flexuous,smooth for the most part, echinulate at the apex,septate, brown to dark brown, paler towards theapex, 2o<r-500 (-750) pm high, 6--811m wide,swollen or somewhat radially lobed at the base andup to 30 pm wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic,integrated and terminal on the stipe and branches,scars small, inconspicuousand unthickened. Conidiaformed in dry, proximally branched, readily frag-menting chains, cylindrical with rounded ends to

broadly ellipsoid, pale olivaceous brown to palebrown, echinulate, 6'5-8 '5 pm long, 3-4 (- 4' 5) 11mwide.

P.M. Kirk

-:,' .

. -, : " ".:."

. .:.. - .

.... "... : : .... .. . . . .. ..

Fig. 6. (A) Polyscytalum pini. (B) Periconiella ilicis.

459

Specimens examined: On decaying cone of Pinussyloestr is, Krymlov, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia, 6 Nov.1979,D. W. Minter, IMI 243575, holotype; on decaying

PHAEOSTALAGMUS PEREGRINUS Minter &Hol.-}ech.,Folia Geobot, Phytotax, 16 : 207 (1981). (Fig.5C)

Minter & Holubova-Iechova (1981) describedP. peregrinus Minter & Hol.-}ech. from a decayingcone ofPinus sylvestris collected in Czechoslovakia.A second collection, on decaying nuts of Castaneasativa L. from Suffolk was also cited and the presentcollection therefore represents only the third recordof this apparently rare fungus. The conidia aresomewhat larger, at 5'5-9 x 2-3 '5 pm, than the sizegiven by Minter & Holubova-jechova(4-8 X 1-2'3 pm).

PHAEOSTALAGMUS CYCLOSPORUS (Grove) W. Garnsapud Gams & Holubova-jechova, Stud.Mycol. 13: 91 (1976). (Fig. 1E)

Although of common occurrence in the BritishIsles on dead wood and bark of various trees (Ellis,1971, asVerticillium cyclosporum (G rove) Mason &S. Hughes)conidiophore morphology in the presentcollection is quite different from that which occursin what should possibly be regarded as typicalcollections. The conidiophore in P. cyclosporus(Grove) W. Gams is usually repeatedly verticillatedistally, the primary branches bearing 1-3 lageni-form phialides. In the collection on Arundinariacited below, conidiophores are unbranched andbear at thei r apex a single lageniform phialide, asignificant !\Umber of which have regenerated toform a second or third phialide at a higher level.This regeneration is rarely observed in typicalcollections of P . cyclosporus. Gams & Holubova-jechova (1976) reported that in young purecultures ofP . cyclosporus ' simple phial ides or short,atypical Phialophora-like conidiophores' areformed. Normal branched conidiophores appearedafter 2-3 weeks but these were less complex thanthose on the natural substratum. This is the firstreport of the occurrence of these simple conidio-phores under such circumstances.

Specimens examined : On dead stem of Arundinaria sp.,Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 9 Aug. 1980, P. M. Kirk729, IMI 250726.

460 N ew or interesting microfungiechinulate branches on the otherwise smooth nuts of Castanea sativa, Tunstall Forest, Suffolk, U.K.,conidiophore, has distinctly larger solitary or rarely 4 Dec. ~979, M. B. & ] . P. Ellis, IMI 243725 ; on Pinusshortly catenate conidia with dimensions of syluestris needle, Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 13Apr.12-17 X 3'5-5'5 pm. 1980, P. M. Kirk 562, IMI 247252.

Species of Periconiella appear to have a predomi- Pithomyces valparadisiacus (Speg.) P . M .nantly tropical or sub-tropical distribution and P. Kirk, comb.nov. (F ig. 7)ilicis is apparently the first species to be recorded Stemphyliops is oalparadisiacum Speg., R evta Fac.from the British Isles. Agron. Univ . naco La Plata 6 : 193 (1910).

Stemphyliomma valparadisiacum (Speg.) Sacc o &Traverso, Syll.fung. 20 : 886 (1911).

Colonies effuse, arachnoid, dark brown toblackish-brown or black. Mycelium partly super-ficial, partly immersed in the substratum, aerialmycelium composed of branched, septate echinu-late, pale brown to brown hyphae 2'5-4 pm wide.Conidiophores micronematous. Conidiogenous cellsmonoblastic, determinate, intercalary or rarelyterminal, denticulate, denticles very short, thin-walled and fugacious. Conidia pleurogenous, rarelyaerogenous, solitary, dry, broadly ellipsoid, echinu-late to verruculose, 3 (- 4)-septate, constricted atthe septa, terminal cells pale brown, other cells darkbrown, 17'5-26'5 pm long, 8-13'5 pm wide, withan indistinct scar at the base derived from the distalpart of the subtending denticle, secedingrhexolytically .

Specimens examined: On dead leaves of Puya caeruleaMolina, Cerro Alegre, Valparaiso, Chile, Jan. 1909,C. Spegazzini,IMl 128327, slideexherb. LPS, holotype;on Calluna vulgaris Salisb. twig,Esher Common, Surrey,U.K., 16 Sept. 1979, P. M. Kirk 474, IMI 241405.

It was apparent, following an examination of thecollection on Calluna (F ig. 7B), that all previousworkers had misinterpreted the method by whicha large proportion of the conidia in Pithomycesvalparadisiacus are formed. Since the terminalconidia invariably remain attached to their conidio-genous cells, and the basal cell of the lateralconidia in the type collection is typically in acollapsed state (F ig. 7A), it was assumed that allconidia were produced acrogenously on the aerialhyphae. However, because it was poss ible toobserve developing and mature attached conidia inthe Calluna collection, a correct interpretation ofthe conidia with collapsed basal cells from the typecollection was possible.

When, in the light of the above information, thepresent species is compared with Pithomyces flavusBerk, & Br. (see Ellis, 1960), the type species ofPithomyces, it is clear that the two species arecongeneric. Pithomyces ualparadisiacus would seemto be most closely related to P . atro-oliuaceus(Cooke & Harkn.) M. B. Ellis (Ellis, 1960), differ-ing from it in conidium septation.

Only two other species of Stemphyliomma havebeen described, both of which can be satisfactorily

P. M. Kirk

... .

.: .

"':" "::';'"". ' t '

:::. .; .

"'r : ......

10Jlm

: ;..:: ,..' : .J:··:.I.::·:·.·:·.·.

A

. .: :.: .... '. '~ :01. ' . '..'. " ,:". . .. ::.

.... ../ .....

10 urn

B-. ' . ; .

..... ;-,

:.:>

Fig. 7. Pithomyces valparadisiacus. (A) IMI 128327; (B) IMI 241405.

New or interesting microfungi

accommodated in Pithomyces as it is presentlycircumscribed. The following combinations are ~

therefore proposed: Pithomyces terricola(Manohara Chary & Ramarao) P. M. Kirk comb.nov. (basionym: Stemphyliomma terricola Mano-hara Chary & Ramarao, Curro Sci. 41: 718, 1972);Pithomyces alabamensis (Matsushima) P. M.Kirk, comb.nov. (basionym: Stemphyliommaalabamensis Matsushima, Mat. Mycol. Mem. 2: 12,1981).

It appears that P. valparadisiacus has not pre-viously been recorded as occurring in the BritishIsles and it is likely that the collection on Callunais the first to be reported since its description.

Polyscytalum pini P. M. Kirk & Minter, sp.nov.(Fig.6A)

Coloniae effusae, pilosae, pallide brunneae ad brunneae.Mycelium partim superficiale, partim in substratoimmersum,exhyphis pallidebrunneis, laevibus,ramosis,septatis, 1-2'5 pm latis immersis et ex hyphis pallidebrunneis ad brunneis, laevibus, ramosis, septatis,l'5-2' 5 pm latissuperficialibusmodoreticulicompositum.Conidiophoramacronematosa,mononematosa,exmyceliosuperficiali terminalia et intercalaria orientia, erecta,simplicia,recta vel flexuosa, solitariased saepeaggregata,brunnea ad atrobrunnea, ad apicem pallidiora, laevia,septata, 50-110 (-140) pm alta, 2-4 pm lata. Cellulaeconidiogenae monoblasticae vel polyblasticae, sympo-diales, terminales vel intercalares,saepe denticulata, cumdenticulis brevibus et latis. Conidia acropleurogena, incatenis ramosis, siccis, facile fractis, cylindrica cumterminis rotundatis ad anguste ellipsoidea, laevia, palli-dissima brunnea ad pallide brunnea, (0-) 1 (-2)-septata,7-12 (-14) pm longa, 1'5-2 (-2'5) pm lata.

In acubus ernortuis Pini sylvestris, Esher Common,Surrey, U.K., 9 Oct. 1979,P. M. Kirk 490, IMI 242163,holotypus.

Colonies effuse, hairy, pale brown to brown.Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in thesubstratum, composed of pale brown, smooth,branched, septate, 1-2'5 pm wide immersedhyphae and a superficial network of pale brown tobrown, smooth, branched, septate, t :5-2'5 pmwide hyphae. Conidiophoresmacronematous, mono-nematous, arising terminally and intercalary fromthe superficial mycelium, erect, simple, straight orflexuous, solitary but often gregarious, brown todark brown, paler towards the apex, smooth,septate, 50-110 (-140) pm high, 2-4 pm wide.Conidiogenous cells monoblastic or polyblastic,sympodial, terminal or intercalary, often denti-culate, the denticles short and broad. Conidiaacropleurogenous, formed in dry, readily fragmen-ting branched chains, cylindrical with roundedends to narrowly ellipsoid, smooth, very pale brownto' pale brown, (0-) 1 (-2)-septate, 7-12 (-14) pmlong, 1'5-2 (-2'5) pm wide.

Specimens examined: On decaying needles of Pinussyluestrts, The Fort, Woodbury Common, Devon, U.K.,11 Sept. 1947, S. J.Hughes, IM119081a; Brandon,Suffolk, U.K., 24 Mar. 1978, D. W. Minter,IMI 266776; Great Langdale, Westmoreland, U.K., 24Sept. 1978, D. W. Minter, IMI 266777; OckhamCommon, Surrey, U.K., 5 Nov. 1978, D. W. Minter,IMI 266778;Esher Common,Surrey, U.K., 9 Oct. 1979,P. M. Kirk 490, IM1242163, holotype; MarianskeLazne, West Bohemia, Czechoslovakia, 16 Nov. 1979,D. W. Minter, IMI 243585.

The conidia ofPolyscytalum pini are shorter thanthose of P. fecundissimum Riess, the type species ofPolyscytalum, although they are of a similar basicshape being cylindrical with rounded ends ornarrowly ellipsoid. However, the conidiophores aremuch more robust in P. pini and have never beenobserved with branches. In P. truncatum B. Sutton& Hodges and P. gracilisporum (Matsushima)B. Sutton & Hodges (Sutton & Hodges, 1976) theconidia are cylindrical with truncate ends and areclearly unlike those of P. pini. Also, the conidia inboth species are significantly larger than those ofthe present species.

SELENOSPORELLA CURVISPORA MacGarvie, Scient.Proc. R. Dubl. Soc. Ser. B 2 (16): 153 (1968).

A summary of recent literature reports on S.curvispora was presented earlier (Kirk, 1982a)where it was suggested that the taxon S. curvisporaArnaud nom.nud. (1954) could be distinct from S.curuispora MacGarvie (1968). The present collec-tions are characterized by narrowly clavate conidiameasuring 4'5-6'5 x 0·6-0·8 pm and agree in allrespects with those described by MacGarvie (1968)and Ellis (1971). These observations would appearto lend support to the suggestion that two taxa areinvolved. However, it is clear that further collectionsare required prior to the presentation of any formalnomenclatural proposals.

Specimens exammed: On rotten wood and Fagussylvatica cupules,Esher Common,Surrey, U.K., 16Sept.1979,P. M. Kirk 450d, 466f, IMI 241381d, 241397f.

Sporidesmium dennisii (M. B. Ellis) P. M.Kirk, comb.nov. (Fig. 8)

Endophragmia dennisii M. B. Ellis, More Dematia-ceousHyphomycetes: 142 (1976).

Colonies effuse, hairy, inconspicuous. Myceliumimmersed in the substratum, composed of palebrown, smooth, branched, septate hyphae up to6 pm wide. Conidiophores macronematous, mono-nematous, solitary, erect, simple, straight or slightlyflexuous, initially 60-85 pm high, 6-7'5 pm wide,finally up to 300 pm high, typically with up to 12successive proliferations but rarely with up to 26,

P. M. Kirk

Fig. 8. Sporidesmium dennisii.

Triadelphiauniseptata (Berk .&Br.)P. M . Kirk,comb.nov. (Fig. 9B )

Sporidesmium uniseptatum Berk. & Br ., Ann. Mag .nat. Hist. , ser. 3 3: 360 (1859).

Dicoccum uniseptatum (Berk, & Br.) Sacc., Syll.fung o4: 342 (1886).

Trichocladium uniseptatum (Berk. & Br. ) S. Hughes& Piroz., cs« J. Bot. 50: 2526 (1972 ) .

Dicoccum apiosporum Sacc., Nuooo G. bot. ital. 22:

71 (1915), fide Hughes & Pirozynski, 1972.Polyschema bicellularis Shearer, Mycotaxon 14 : 91

(1982).

Colonies thinly effuse, blackish brown to black,often inconspicuous. Mycelium partly superficial butmostly immersed in the substratum, composed ofhyaline to very pale brown cells sometimes forminga limited mycelium. Conidiogenous cells gregariousto caespitose, borne directly on the mycelium,

Specimens examined : On !lex aquifolium bark andtwigs, Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 16 Sept. 1979and3 Aug. 1980, P. M. Kirk 467, 668a , IMI 241398,250s02a, holotype .

In terms of conidium size, only Sporidesmiumcrassisporum M. B. Ellis (1958) appears close to S.ilicinum. This species differs from the present oneessentially in conidium morphology although theconidiophores are also somewhat different. Whilstthe conidia of S. crassisporum are distoseptate,often rostrate and 7-11 lim wide at the base thoseof S. ilicinum are euseptate, never distinctly rostrateand only 5-7 pm wide at the base. In other respectsconidia in the two species are quite similar hav inga thick, dark brown and irregularly roughened wall.

Colonies effuse, hairy, blackish brown to black.Mycelium immersed in the substratum, composedof pale brown to brown, smooth, branched, septate,6-8 pm wide hyphae. Conidiophores macro-nematous, mononematous, solitary, erect, simple,straight or sometimes slightly curved, dark brown,thick-walled, smooth to irregularly roughened,septate, 15-80 ftm or more high, 8-11 pm wide,with up to 4 somewhat lageniform proliferations.Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, monoblas-tic, percurrent. Conidia aerogenous, solitary, dry,cylindrical to obovoid or ovoid, sometimes obcla-vate, dark brown, smooth to irregularly roughened,thick-walled, 6-17-septate, (50-) 70-140 pm long,20-30 p wide, 5-7 p wide at the base.

Sporidesmium ilicinum P. M. Kirk, sp.nov.(Fig· 9B)

Colon ise effusae, pilosae, fuseae ad atrae , Mycelium insubstrato immersum, ex hyphis pallide brunneis adbrunneis, laevibus, ramosis, septatis, 6-8 pm latis com-positum. Conidiophoramacronematosa, mononematosa,solitaria, erecta, simplicia, recta vel interdurn levitercurvata, atrobrunnea, crassi-tunicata, laevia ad irregular-iter aspera, septata, 15-8ollm interdum etiarn celsiora,8-11 pm lata, per usquead 4 proliferationes plus minusvelageniformia crescentia. Cellulaeconidiogenae in conidio-phoris incorporatae, terminales, monoblasticae, percur-rentes. Conidia acrogena, solitaria, sicca, cylindrica ad

Spe cimens exam ined: On rotten wood of Sambucusnigra associated with Hyphodontia sambuci (Pers.)J. Eriks.WakehurstPlace, Ardingly,Sussex, U.K., 11Nov. 1967,R. W. G. Dennis, IMI 13OO16a, holotype of Endophra-gm ia dennisii; Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 30 March1980,P. M. Kirk S26a, IMI 246611a.

Hughes (1979) examined the holotype of Endo-phragmia dennisii M. B. Ellis but was unable to findsufficient material on the substratum to determinethe exact mode of conidium secession and themechanism and origin of sub sequent proliferations.He therefore listed E. dennisii as a species ofuncertain position after providing evidence thatEndophragmia Duvernoy & Maire (1920) should beregarded as a nomen dubium. The holotype hasbeen re-examined and I concur with the observa-tions of Hughes. However, the distinct conidiareadily serve to indicate the application of the name.

An extensive search of decaying wood ofSambucus nigra resulted in the location of anextremely scant collection of this apparently rarespecies. Fortunately the material was in excellentsporulating condition and it was possible toelucidate the exact mode of conidium secession andsubsequent proliferation. This was found to be ofthe type which Hughes (1979) described as theSporidesmium-type.

Although Sporidesmium is large and certainlyheterogeneous (H ughes, 1979; Sutton & Hodges,1978) it would appear appropriate, on the basis ofpresent taxonomic criteria, to refer E. dennisii tothis genus.

Illustrations: Ellis (1976), Hughes (1979)·

464 New or interesting microfungioccasionally slightly inflated at the base up to 10 pm obovoidea vel ovoidea, interdum obclavata, atrobrunnea,wide . Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, monoblastic, laevia ad irregulariter aspera, crassi-tunicata , 6-17-integrated, terminal, percurrent, proliferations septata, (so-) 70-140 Ilm longa, 20-30 pm lata, ad basemoriginating from the half septum at the apex of the S-7 pm lata.conidiogenous cell following sch izolytic secession In eortiee ernortui !licis aquifolii, Esher Common,of the conidium. Conidia solitary, aerogenous, Surrey, U.K., 3 Aug. 1980, P. M. Kirk 668a ,

IMI 2SOS02a, holotypus.ellipsoid, truncate at the base, (2-) 3-septate,smooth, brown to dark brown, apical cell palebrown, (22- ) 24-30 pm long 11-13 pm wide ,5-7 pm wide at the base.

P. M. Kirk

10 /l1n

20 /l1ll

B

A

Fig. 9. (A) Sporidesmium ilicinurn. (B) Triadelphia uniseptata.

The author is indebted to Dr D. W. Minter forhis helpful comments and for correcting the Latindiagnoses.

REFERENCES

ARNAUD, G. (1954). Mycologie Concrete: genera II (suiteet fin). Bulletin trimestriel de la Societe Mycologique deFrance 69, 265-306.

DE HOOG, G. S. (1977). The black yeasts and alliedgenera. Studies in Mycology 15, 1-222.

DUVERNOY, A. & MAIRE, R. (1920). Une nouvelleDernatiee aconidies pseudo-endogenes, Bulletin de laSociete Mycologique de France 36, 86-89.

ELLIS, M. B. (1958). Clasterosporium and some alliedDematiaceae-Phragmosporae. I. Mycological Papers7°,1-89.

ELLiS, M. B. (1960). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: I.Mycological Papers 76, 1-36.

ELLIS, M. B. (1967). DematiaceousHyphomycetes.VIII.Mycological Papers ttl, 1-46.

ELLiS, M. B. (1971). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Kew:CommonwealthMycological Institute.

ELLiS, M. B. (1976). More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes.Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

GAMS, W. & HOLUBovA-JECHovA, V. (1976). Chloridiumand some other dematiaceous hyphomycetes growingon decaying wood. Studies in Mycology 13, 1--99.

HUGHES, S. J. (1953). Conidiophores, conidia, andclassification. Canadian Journal of Botay 31, 577-659.

HUGHES, S. J. (1978). Endophragmiella subolivacea. FungiCanadenses, no. 129.

HUGHES, S. J. (1979). Relocationof speciesof Endophrag-mia auct. with notes on relevant generic names. NewZealand Journal of Botany 17, 139-188.

HUGHES, S. J. & PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (1972). DicoccumCorda. Canadian Journal of Botany 50, 2521-2534.

KENDRICK, W. B. (1980). The generic concept inHyphomycetes- areappraisal.Mycotaxon 11,339-364.

KIRK, P. M. (1981a). New or interesting microfungi. I.Dematiaceoushyphomycetes fromDevon. Transactionsof the British Mycological Society 76, 71-87.

KIRK, P. M. (1981 b). New or interesting microfungi. II.Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Esher Common,Surrey. Transactions of the British Mycological Society77,279-297·

KIRK, P. M. (1982a). New or interesting microfungi. IV.Dematiaceoushyphomycetes fromDevon. Transactionsof the British Mycological Society 78, 55-74.

466 New or interesting microfungi

ampullifonn to globose, holoblastic, monoblastic, hyphomycete genera. Conidium formation isdeterminate, 4'5-9'5 p,m high, 3'5-4'5 p,m wide, or evidently holoblastic.up to 5 pm diam. Conidia aerogenous, solitary, dry, The present species may, with some justification,obovoid to broadly obovoid, r-septate near the be included in the genus Triadelphia as presentlybase, constricted at the septum, upper cell dark circumscribed, since conidiogenous cell morpho-brown and thick-walled, lower cell brown and logy, conidium ontogeny and conidium morpho-thinner-walled, smooth, 12'5-16 p,m long, 6·5- logy are comparable in all five species. Its placement10'5 p,m wide at the broadest point, with a small in Trichocladium is certainly less satisfactory sinceunthickened scar at the base. here conidiogenous cells are typically micronema-

tous, being structurally indistinguishable from thevegetative hyphae, and are also often polyblastic.

Specimens examined: On Rubus fruticosus agg. stem,Thames embankment,Kew, Surrey, U.K., 16Aug. 1977,P. M. Kirk 32b, IMI 231489; Esher Common, Surrey,U.K., 12 Apr. 1981, P. M. Kirk 942a, IMI 258579a; onrotten wood,ForgeValley,East Yorkshire,U.K., 29Aug.1979, P. M. Kirk 424a, IM1240953a; on a twig ofPlatanus occidentalis L., Champaign County, Illinois,U.S.A., May 1979, C. A. Shearer J-66-1, IM1262290,holotype of Polyschema bicellularis.

In a revision of the genus Dicoccum, Hughes &Pirozynski (1972) considered the position ofDicoccum uniseptatum (Berk, & Br.) Sacco andconcluded that it should, based on an examinationof the collections available, be referred to Tricho-cladium. They stated, however, that the combinationwas proposed with some diffidence because a clearunderstanding of the structure of the fungus wasnot obtained. Previously they transferred D.inquinans Sacco to the recently described genusTriadelphia (Shearer & Crane, 1971) but had notcommented upon any possible relationship betweenTrichocladium uniseptatum (Berk. & Br.) S. Hughes& Piroz. and Triadelphia inquinans (Sacc.) S. Hughes& Piroz. The genus Triadelphia was established forT. heterospora Shearer & Crane, a species charac-terized by the production of two morphologicallydistinct conidia, from which T. inquinans differedin the morphology of the smaller 'type a' (Ellis,1976) conidia.

Maggi, Bartoli & Rambelli (1978) described twonew species of Triadelphia, T. loudetiae Maggi,Bartoli & Rambelli and T. pulvinata Maggi, Bartoli '& Rambelli, which differed from the previousspecies in the absence of the larger' type b' conidia.They also discussed conidium ontogeny since thishad not, in their opinion, been clearly defined.Conidiogenous cells were described as possessing a'visible apical pore' and 'an apical beak, that is amore or less hyaline elongation, probably due tosuccessive spore-production.'. On the basis of theseobservations they suggested that conidium produc-tion was by an enteroblastic mechanism, 'the beakbeing formed during development and secession ofconidia'. Conidiogenous cells appear, however, tobe determinate, producing only one conidium, andthe 'beak' should perhaps be interpreted as adenticle of similar origin to those found in other

P. M. KirkKIRK, P . M . (1982b ). New or interesting microfungi. V.

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(Received for publication 8 July 1982)