new or interesting microfungi: iv. dematiaceous hyphomycetes from devon

Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 78 (1) 55-74 (1982)

[ 55 ]

Printed in Great Britain

NEW OR INTERESTING MICROFUNGI

IV. DEMATIACEOUS HYPHOMYCETES FROM DEVON

By P. M. KIRK

Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Ferry Lane, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW93AF, U.K.

Notes on some dematiaceous hyphomycetes collected in Devon are presented. Dictyochaetaquerna sp.nov., Endophragmiella corticola sp.nov., Parapleurotheciopsis ilicina gen. et sp.nov.with P. inaequiseptata (Matsushima) comb.nov., Sporidesmium clarkii sp.nov, and Subra-maniomyces fusisaprophyticus (Matsushima) comb.nov. are described and illustrated,Anungitea jragilis, Beltrania querna, Hormiactella asetosa, Taeniolella breviuscula and T.jaginea are recorded from the British Isles for the first time, and additional records areprovided for Bactrodesmiella masonii, Chaetochalara bulbosa, Diplocladiella scalaroides andSelenosporella curoispora. .

Some hyphomycetes collected in Devon werereported by Hawksworth & Minter (1980) andKirk (1981). In this paper a further fourteenspecies are recorded based primarily on specimensoriginating from Devon.

ANUNGITEA FRAGILIS B. Sutton, Mycol. Pap. 132:10 (1973). (Fig. 1)

Anungitea globosa B. Sutton & Hodges, NovaHedw. 29: 594 (1979).

Colonies effuse or discrete, sometimes incon-spicuous, minutely hairy to hairy, off-white topale brown or grey brown depending on amount ofsporulation. Mycelium partly superficial, partlyimmersed in the substratum, composed of palebrown to brown, branched, septate, smooth hyphae2-3'5 pm wide. Conidiophores macronematous,mononematous, erect, straight or slightly flexuous,smooth, septate, pale brown to brown, darkertowards the slightly swollen base, paler towardsthe apex, 2'5-4 pm wide, initially 15-40 pm high,finally by proliferation andjor regeneration up to80 pm high; often proliferation or regenerationof the conidiophore results in the productionof a long, tapered, slightly flexuous, smooth,septate, setiform apex up to 400 pm high and2 pm wide; sometimes conidiophore initials failto produce conidiogenous cells and form sterilesetae of similar dimensions to the setiform apicesof the fertile conidiophores. Conidiogenous cellsinitially monoblastic and cylindrical (2'5-3'5 pmwide), becoming polyblastic and swollen apically(4-7 pm wide) by sympodial proliferation, terminalwhen active, becoming intercalary and effete byproliferation or regeneration, each conidiogenouslocus with up to 20 or more cylindrical denticles0'5-1 pm wide, with thickened, cicatrized, truncate,

apices. Conidia catenate, formed in short (1-5)unbranched, acropetal, easily fragmenting chains,dry, very pale olivaceous brown, smooth, r-septate,cylindrical, with a conspicuously thickened scarat the truncate poles, (9-) 10-12 (-14) pm long,1'4-1.8 (-2) pm wide.

Specimens examined.On dead woodof Abies balsamea(L.) Mill., FalconLake,Whiteshell,Manitoba, Canada,6 May 1969, B. C. Sutton, IMl 145748, isotype ofAnungitea jragilis; on unidentified conifer needle,Killerton House, Exeter, Devon, U.K., 3 Sept. 1978,P. M. Kirk 226b, IMl 2320ub; on dead leaves ofHederahelix L., SlaptonWoods,Slapton,Devon, U.K.,5 Sept. 1978,M.B. & J.P. Ellis, IMl 237285d;on deadtwig of Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lind!.) Buchhy.,Gregynog, Powys, U.K., 26 May 1979, M.B. & J. P.Ellis, IMl 239535;on dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica L.,Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 16 Sept. 1979, P. M.Kirk 460e,IMl 241391e; on dead leavesof Eucalyptusglobulus Lab., Poli-PoliSprings,Maui, Hawaii,U.S.A.,10 Nov. 1976, C. S. Hodges, IMI 209218b, holotypeof Anungitea globosa.

Anungitea B. Sutton (1973a) was established toaccomodate a single species, A. jragilis, collectedon dead wood of Abies balsamea. Sutton discussedthe relationship between Anungitea and severalother genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes whichproduce holoblastic conidia from denticulateconidiogenous cells.

Matsushima (1975) enlarged the genus by de-scribing four additional species. Sutton & Hodges(1979) considered that of these species only A.uniseptata Matsushima was congeneric with A.jragilis and that the other three species, A.continua Matsushima, A. longicatenata Matsu-shima and A. triseptata Matsushima were probably

Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Devon

IOJ.lm

Fig. 1. Anungitea [ragilis.

/,--,/:9" ,:.::;:' '.. -... ~ ~

.... "I I, I

I

P. M. Kirk 57best referred to other genera although theiraffinities were not readily apparent.

Sutton & Hodges (1979) described A. globosafrom four collections on the decaying leaves ofvarious Eucalyptus spp. from the Hawaiian Islandsand New Zealand. How this species differed fromA. fragilis was not directly indicated although thespecific epithet suggests that the globose conidio-genous loci were considered diagnostic for thespecies. Anungitea globosa was also described asproducing sterile setae either directly from themycelium or sometimes from the apex of theconidiogenous cells, a characteristic which hadnot previously been reported as occurring in thegenus.

An examination of four collections from varioussubstrata collected in the British Isles (includingDevon) suggests that A. globosa should be regardedas a synonym of A. jragilis. The production ofsterile setae or conidiophores with setiform apicesis not considered to be a stable or satisfactorytaxonomic criterion in this genus. Typically sterilesetae were only occasionally found in some of thecollections examined. Usually at least one or twoeffete conidiogenous denticles were to be foundon what superficially appeared to be a sterile seta.

The collection from Killerton House constitutesthe first record of A.jragilis from the British Isles.Based on the collections cited above and those ofSutton (1973a) and Sutton & Hodges (1979 [as A.globosa)) it appears that A. jragilis is of worldwidedistribution.

Illustrations: Gamundi, Arambarri & Giaiotti(1977), Sutton (1973a), Sutton & Hodges (1979[as A. globosa)), Verona & Benedek (1974).

BACTRODESMIELLA MASONII (S. Hughes) M. B.Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 72: 14 (1959).

Sporodochia scattered, punctiform, inconspicuous,up to 75 pm diam. Conidiophores fasciculate,simple or branched, up to 30 pm high, 2-4 pm wideat the base, 4-7 pm wide at the apex. Conidia paleto mid brown, smooth, solitary or adhering inshort chains, 1 or z-septate, cell lumina reduced,(14-) 16-20 (-24) pm long, (7-) 8-10 (-11) pmwide, 4-7 pm wide at the base.

Specimens examined. On decaying cupules of Fagussylvatica: Swinton Park, Marsham, Yorkshire, U.K.,11 Oct. 1947, S. J. Hughes, IMl 19219Y, holotype;BoxhiIl, Surrey, U.K., 22 Nov. 1947, S. J. Hughes,IMI 19652C; Killerton House, Exeter, Devon, U.K.,3 Sept. 1978, P. M. Kirk 182a, IM1 23192oa.

Hughes (1953) described Bactrodesmium masoniiS. Hughes from decaying cupules of Fagussyhiatica collected in Yorkshire and Surrey.Bactrodesmium masonii is clearly not congeneric

with B. abruptum (Berk. & Broome) Mason & S.Hughes, the lectotype species of BactrodesmiumCooke (Hughes, 1958), and Ellis (1959) establishedthe genus Bactrodesmiella M. B. Ellis, whichdiffers from Bactrodesmium in producing conidio-phores which proliferate percurrently and conidiawhich often adhere in short chains, for its inclu-sion.

Bactrodesmiella masonii does not appear to havebeen collected in the British Isles since 1947.

Illustrations: Ellis (1959, 1971), Hughes (1953),Verona & Benedek (1962).

BELTRANIA QUERNA Harkness, Proc. Calif. Acad.Sci. 1: 39 (1884).

Sutton &Pirozynski (1965) reported the occurrenceof Beltrania rhombica Penz. on leaves of Quercusilex L. from Kent. This record is, however, basedon material in very poor sporulating condition.Insufficient conidia are now present to allowsatisfactory assessment of the identification andthe collection is here referred to B. querna.

Pirozynski (1963) and Sutton & Pirozynski(1965) were of the opinion that the two speciescannot easily be distinguished. However, Piro-zynski (1972: 75) reported that, based on a collec-tion of Beltrania spp. on undetermined decayingleaves from Tanzania, it was possible to distin-guish B. querna from B. rhombica.

After an examination of many collections refer-red to these two species, both on the natural sub-stratum and in pure culture, I consider that thetwo distinct taxa can easily be distinguished basedon conidial morphology as reported by Pirozynski(1963, 1972).

It appears that whilst B. rhombica is restrictedto tropical and sub-tropical areas, B. querna has awidespread distribution. In the British Isles B.querna is possibly present wherever Quercus ilexis grown and is often the dominant hyphomycetecolonising the leaf litter. It has not been found ondeciduous species of Quercus or on any of theother introduced evergreen species e.g. Q. suber L.

Illustrations: Ellis (1971), Pirozynski (1963).Distribution in British Isles: Cornwall, Devon,

Kent, Surrey, Warwickshire.

Specimens' examined. On decaying leaves of Quercusagrifolia Nee, San Francisco, California, U.S.A., Jan.1884, H. W. Harkness 2191,Ellis & Everhart's NorthAmerican Fungi No. 1650, holotype; on decayingleaves of Quercus ilex, Bathill, Brixham, Devon, U.K.,17 Aug. 1978,P. M. Kirk 85, 95 & 108, IMI 231186,231196 & 231162; Arlington Court, Devon, U.K.,3 Sept. 1978, P. M. Kirk 165 & 169a,1M1 231894 &231898a; HatherleyLaboratories,Universityof Exeter,Devon, U.K., 3 Sept. 1978, P. M. Kirk 173 & 176b,IM1 231902 & 231905b; Lydd, Kent, U.K., 9 Oct.

58 Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Devon

1963, B. C. Sutton & K. A. Pirozynski, .IMI 1026~3a;

isolated from decayingleavesof Quercus ilex, WarWIck-shire, U.K., Oct. 1978, M.C. Clark, IMI 234449.

CHAETOCHALARA BULBOSA B. Sutton & Piroz.,Trans. Br, Mycol. Soc. 48: 351 (1965).

Sutton & Pirozynski (1965) introduced Chaeto-chalara B. Sutton & Piroz, for three new species,C. africana B. Sutton &Piroz., C. bulbosa B. Sutton& Piroz. and C. cladii B. Sutton & Piroz., similarto species of Chalara (Corda) Rabenh. butproducing erect, sterile setae in addition to conidio-phores. Pirozynski & Hodges (1973) added anotherspecies, C. aspera Piroz, & Hodges, and Nag Raj &Kendrick (1975), in a monograph of the genus,added two further species, C. ramosa Nag Raj &Kendr. and C. setosa (H ark.) Nag Raj & Kendr.(syn, Chalara setosa Hark.), Sutton & Hodges(1976) described C. laevis B. Sutton & Hodges.

The genus is widespread in distribution.Chaetochalara bulbosa and C. cladii are known onlyfrom the British Isles whilst the remaining speciesappear to be tropical or sub-tropical. Undoubtedlythis is not a complete account of their distributionsince they are probably easily overlooked. Thepresent collection constitutes only the third recordof an apparently rare element in the Britishmycoflora.

Specimens examined. On decaying leaves of fl exaquifolium L., Manor House Garden, Studland, Dorset,U.K. 26 May 1961, K. A. Pirozynski, IMI 89645a,holotype ; Studland, Dorset, U.K . 27 May 1961, B. C.Sutton 1M! 86894c, paratype ; Killerton House,Exeter: Devon, U.K., 3 Sept. 1978, P. M. Kirk 210a,IMI 213995a.

Dictyochaeta querna P. M. Kirk sp.nov.(F ig. 2)

Coloniae effusae, atrae, pilosae. Mycelium immersum,sparsum, ex hyphis septatis, laevibus,pallide brunneis,ramosis, 2-4 psi: latis compositum. Setae erectae,rectae, subulatae, septatac, atrobrunneae ad fuscae,apicem versus pallidiores, saepe fertiles, laeves, crassetunicatae, usque ad 350p,m altae, ad apicem 4-S p,mlatae, supra basem 8-10/tm latae, basi interdum ad20 11m inflatae.Conidiophorae macronematosae,mono-nematosae, simplices, solitares vel fasciculatae, sa~pe

cum setis consociatae, erectae, rectae vel leviterflexuosae, brunneae ad pallide brunneac, septatae~

laeves usque ad 1S0pm alrae, 4-6 pm latae, basiinterdum ad 12 pm inflarae. Cellulae conidiogenaeenreroblasticae,polyphialidicae, in conidiophoris i~corporatae, terminales intercalares fientes, s~mpodlales,

cum infundibuliformibus, 2'S-3 1tm latis, 3-41tmaltis. Conidia acropleurogena, hyalina, Iaevia, levitercurvata, fusiformia, non-septata, sine setulis, ad basez.ntruncata inconspicuascicatrices non incrassatasferentia(12-) 14-18 (- 20) pm longa, 1'S-21tm lata.

In cupulis emortuis Quercus roboris L., Stoke Woods,Exeter, Devon, U.K., 4 Sept. 1978, P. M. Kirk 266IMI 230S1, holotypus.

Colonies effuse, black, hairy. Mycelium im-mersed, sparse, composed of septate, smooth, palebrown, branched hyphae 2-4 /lm wide. Setaeerect, straight, subulate, septate, dark brown toblackish brown, paler towards apex, often fertile,smooth, thick-walled, up to 350 pm high, 4-5 I'mwide at apex, 8-10 pm wide above base, sometimesswollen at the base up to 20 pm wide. Conidia-phores macronematous, mononematous, simple,solitary or fasciculate, often associated with setae,erect, straight or slightly flexuou s, brown to palebrown, septate, smooth, up to 150/lm high, 4-6I'm wide, sometimes swollen at the base up to 12 pst:wide. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, polyphia-lidic, integrated, terminal becoming intercalary,sympodial, collarettes infundibuliform, 2'5-3 pmwide, 3-4/lm deep. Conidia acropleurogenous,semi-endogenous, hyaline, smooth, slightly curved,fusiform, non-septate, without setulae, truncateat the base with an inconspicuous unthickened scar,(12- ) 14-18 (- 20) /lm long, 1'5-2 /lm wide.

Specimens examined. On decaying cupule of Quercusrabur, Stoke Woods, Exeter, Devon, U.K ., 4 Sept.1978, P. M. Kirk 266, IMI 2320S1.' holotype;, ondecaying leaf of Quercus sp ., Wolfirn Wood, WarWIck-shire, U.K. , 9 July 1979, M. C. Clark MC2203, IMI240S46.

Dictyochaeta Spegazzini (1923) is taken up herefor species producing polyphialidic, sympodiallyproliferating conidiogenous cells with conspicuouscollarettes on macronematous conidiophoreswith or without accompanying sterile or fertilesetae, which were formerly referred to CodinaeaMaire (1937). Hughes & Kendrick (1968) discussedthe arguments in favour of adopting Dictyo chaetaas an earlier name for Codinaea but rejected theproposal because the illustrations provided bySpegazzini were considered non-diagnostic, theholotype of the type species, D. fuegiana Speg.,contained material, the essential characteristics ofwhich were not discernible, and the species,originally described from Nothofagus betuloidesBlume had not been refound. However, in view

) . . .of the findings of Gamundi, Arambarri & Giaiotti(1977), who redescribe~D . fuegiana from fresh~~~

erial, it seems appropriate to take up Spegazzini sgenus. The examination and transfer ~f more tha?25 described species of Codinaea to Dictyochaeta IS

beyond the scope of the present work.Dictyo chaeta querna appears to be most closely

related to D.fuegiana sensu Gamundi et al, (1977).It differs from this species by forming longerconidia and significant ly fewer sept a in the coni-diophores and setae.

P. M. Kirk 59

IO"m

Fig. 2. Dictyochaeta querna.

.... :


DIPLOCLADIELLA SCALAROlDES Arnaud ex M. B.Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 229(1976).

D. scalaroides Arnaud, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 69:296 (1954).

This distinctive and apparently rarely collectedhyphomycete was recorded by Ellis (1976) on deadwood of Ulex europaeus L. Matsushima (1980)found that it occurred on a variety of substrata,especially fallen leaves, in Taiwan and unpublishedinformation in herb. 1M! suggests that it is ofwidespread occurrence. The present collectionconstitutes the second record from the BritishIsles.

Illustrations: Arnaud (1954), Ellis (1971), Verona& Benedek (1966).

Specimen examined. On fallen leaves of Quercus ilex,Bathill, Brixham, Devon, U.K., 17 Aug. 1978, P. M.Kirk 121b, IMI 231175b.

Endophragmiella corticola P. M. Kirk sp.nov. (Figs 3, 4)

Coloniae effusae, pilosae, atrobrunneae ad fuscae.Mycelium partim superficiale, partim in substratoimmersum, ex hyphis ramosis, laevibus, pallidebrunneis ad brunneis, septatis, usque ad 3"5 Itm latiscompositum. Conidiophorae macronematosae, mono-nernatosae, ex mycelio superficiali terminales later-alesque orientes, erectae vel recumbentiae, simpliciavel ramosae, rectae vel flexuosae, laeves, septatae,paIlide brunneae ad brunneae, apicem versus palli-diores, 25-60 /lm altae, 2"5-3"5 (-4) /lm latae,per 1-4proliferationeselongantes. Cellulaeconidiogenae mono-blasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminales,percurrentes, cylindricae, ad apicem contractae ettruncatae, Conidia anguste obclavata ad obclavata vellate fusiformia, 1-3 (-4)-septata, ad septa interdum con-stricta, brunnea ad atrobrunnea, cellula apicali palli-diore, laevia, conidia uniseptata 14-23/lm longa,5-6 /lm lata, conidia biseptata 18-38/lm longa,5"5-6(-6.5) /lm lata, conidiatriseptata 25-42 /lm longa,5"5-6"5/lm lata, ad basem 2-2"5 /lm lata, ad basemdistincte fractam ob partem cellulae conidiogenaesuperiorem fibriata.

In cortici ernortuae arboris ignotae, WheatfenBroad, Norfolk, U.K., 22 Apr. 1957, E. A. & M. B,Ellis, IMI 69132a, holotypus.

Colonies effuse, hairy, dark brown to blackishbrown, often inconspicuous. Mycelium partlysuperficial, partly immersed in the substratum,composed of branched, smooth, pale brown tobrown, septate hyphae up to 3-5 pm wide. Coni-diophores macronematous, rnononematous, arisingterminally and laterally from the superficialmycelium, erect or recumbent, simple or branched,straight or flexuous, smooth, septate, pale brownto brown, paler towards the apex, 52-60 Jtm high,

2'5-4 pm wide, with 1-4 percurrent proliferations.Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, ter-minal, percurrent, cylindrical, tapered to a trun-cate apex. Conidia narrowly obclavate to obclavateor broadly fusiform, 1-3 (-4)-septate; sometimesconstricted at the septa, brown to dark brown,apical cell paler, smooth, r-septate conidia 14-23pm long, 5-6 pm wide, a-septate conidia 18-38 pm long, 5'5-6 (- 6'5) pm wide, 3-septateconidia 25-42 pm long, 5'5-6'5 pm wide, 2-2'5 pmat the base, with a distinct basal frill derived fromthe distal end of the conidiogenous cell.

Specimens examined. On rotten coniferous wood,The Hermitage, Dunkeld, Perthshire, U.K., Sept.1953, M. B. Ellis, IMI 54939 ; On rotten wood,Wheatfen Broad, Norfolk, U.K., 22 Apr. 1957,E. A. & M. B. Ellis, IMI 69132a, holotype; On deadbark of Quercus robur, Stoke Woods, Exeter, Devon,U.K',4 Sept. 1978,P. M, Kirk, 271a, IMI 232056a.

Endophragmiella corticola is distinguished fromE. curvata (Corda) S. Hughes by its slightly longerand distinctly narrower conidia which have moresepta, and the less robust conidiophores. Hughes(1979) described the conidia of E. curvata as 1-2(-3)-septate, predominantly z-septate, with ther-septate conidia 11'5-15 x 6-8'5 Jtm and thez-septate conidia 20-27 x (6-) 7-8 '5 pm. The coni-diophores were described as initially 50-70 x 5-5'S pm and finally up to 120 pm high. Anotherspecies, E. lignicola S. Hughes (1979), also appearsclose to E. corticola, However, in this species theconidia are smaller at 13-20 x 4'5-5'5 pm andpredominantly z-septate with the central cellbrown and the apical and basal cell hyaline andsubhyaline respectively.

Whilst conidiogenesis and origin of successiveproliferations appear to be identical in the threecollections of E. corticola available for study, theontogeny of proliferation follows two distinctroutes resulting in visibly different structures. Inthe holotype collection, IMI 69132 (Fig. 3), andIMI 54939 proliferation is of the typical Endo-phragmiella-type. This proceeds via an extensionof the cell immediately below the conidiogenouscell, through the basal septum of the conidiogen-ous cell, and beyond the open end which formedas a result of the rhexolytic secession of the coni-dium. The conidiophore thus develops a series ofcollars, each being the wall of a spent conidio-genous cell (Hughes, 1979). However, in IMI232056a (Fig. 4) a different sequence of eventsappears to occur more frequently than that de-scribed above, Following maturation of the coni-dium, secession fails to occur and lateral extensionof the conidiophore below the base of the conidiumresults in a sympodial-like proliferation. Althoughit is by no means certain from the evidence available

P. M. Kirk 61

Fig. 3. Endophragmiella corticola, 1M1 232056.

IO/Iffi


IOllm

, ' :', ,:

" " ,

Fig. 4. Endophragmiella corticola, IMI 69132.

P. M. Kirk

it appears that this apparent sympodial prolifera-tion arises from an extension of the cell immedi-ately below the conidiogenous cell as in the typicalEndophragmiella-type. The extension breaches thebasal septum of the spent conidiogenous cell and,as a result of the mature conidium remainingattached, breaks through the lateral wall sincethis is presumably the line of least resistance. Asimilar sequence of events occurs in E. hymeno-chaeticola S. Hughes (1978). In this species,however, the conidia appear to secede normallyand the proliferation emerges laterally as a resultof a failure to burst through the constructionat the apex of the conidiogenous cell.

HORMIACTELLA ASETOSA Hol.-Jech., Folia geobot,phytotax, 13: 435 (1978). (Fig. 5).

Colonies hairy, compact and pulvinate to effuse,olivaceous to brownish-grey. Conidiophores erect,solitary, straight or slightly flexuous, simple,smooth, septate, brown, paler towards the apex,usually slightly swollen at the base, 45-115 /lm ormore high, 2'5-3'5 (- 4) /lm wide. Conidiogenouscells terminal, integrated, cylindrical, initiallymonoblastic, finally polyblastic, determinate. Coni-dia formed in long, proximally branched, aero-petally elongating, easily fragmenting chains,smooth, dry, r-septate, cylindrical with an un-thickened, inconspicuous, flat to slightly convexscar at the rounded ends, pale olivaceousbrown to pale brown, (11-) 14-18 (- 21) /lm long,2'5-3'5 (- 4) /lm wide.

Specimens examined. On bark of Picea sp" CloughtonWoods, Yorkshire, U.K., 12 Apr. 1955, J. Webster,IMI 59891C; on bark of Larix decidua Mill., Ravel s,Belgium, 17 Sept. 1956, M. B. Ellis, IMI 68103 ; onbark of Pinus syluestris L. , Rochefort, Ardennes,Belgium, 19 Sept. 1956, M. B. Ellis,IMI 69949; ontwigs of Pinus syluestris, Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire,U.K" 9 Apr. 1977, D. W . Minter, IMI 225873b ;same host, Weeting Heath, Norfolk, U.K., 24 Mar.1978, D. W. Minter, IMI 229536; same host, Bugh-field Common, Reading, Berkshire, U.K., 28 Mar.1978, D. W. Minter, IMI 228428; on cone of Pinussyluestris, Esher Common, Surrey, U.K., 30 Apr. 1978,B. M. Spooner, IMI 228427 ; on bark of Pinus syloestris,Mamhead Plantation, Exeter, Devon, U.K., 1 Sept.1978, P. M. Kirk 134, IMl 231863.

Saccardo (1886) selected Hormiactis alba Preussas the lectotype of Hormiactis Preuss (1851) andestablished Hormiactella for Hormiactis fuscaPreuss. The two genera were distinguished essen-tially on presence (H ormiactella) or absence(Ho rmiactis) of pigmentation in the hyphae andconidiophores although sterile unbranched setaeare also produced by Hormiactella fusca (Preuss)Sacco

Holubova-Iechova (1978) redescribed H. [uscafrom material collected in Czechoslovakia anddescribed H. asetosa which differed from H. fuscain the absence of setae and somewhat larger coni-dia. The closely related Septonema Corda (1837)was distinguished from Hormiactella on the basisof the thick-walled, (0-) 3-5 (-7)-septate conidiaand typically branched conidiophores in the for-mer and thin-walled, (0-) r-septate conidia andunbranched conidiophores in the latter. Bothgenera were described as producing one or asimple chain of several apically polyblastic conidio-genous cells at the apex of the conidiophore or itsbranches. However, it is not possible to accuratelydetermine which cells are to be regarded as partof the conidiophore or its branches, which shouldbe referred to as conidiogenous cells, and whichare ramoconidia. There appears to be a completeintergradation between r-septate conidia and non-septate or r-septate conidiogenous cells or branchesof the conidiophore which, if they becomedetached, may function as conidia.

It would appear that H. asetosa is not uncom-mon in the British Isles on coniferous substrata.

Illustrations : Holubova-Iechova (1978).

Parapleurotheciopsis P. M. Kirk gen.nov.(etym , Para (Greek), near +Pleurotheciopsis)

Coloniae effusae, pilosae, brunneae ad fuscae, saepeinconspicuae. Mycelium partim superficiale, partim insubstrato immersum, ex hyphis septatis, pallidebrunneis ad brunneis, laevibus, ramosis compositum.Conidiophorae macronematosae, mononematosae, erec-tae, simplices, laeves, septatae, rectae vel leviterflexuosae, brunneae ad atrobrunneae, ad basem cellulumquaeque rad ialiter lobatam inflatae forrnantes. Cellulaecon idiogenae in conidiophoris incorporatae, holoblas-ticae, monoblasticae, terminales, cylindricae ad lageni-forme s, percurrentes. Con idia acrogena, sicca, laevia,hyalina ad pall ide brunnea, catenata cum unice ramo-con idio primo septato vel aseptato ad apicem uno velpluribus denticulis latis induto, deinde nonnumquamsecundis vel tertiis cum ramoconidiis primo similaribus,quae catenis brevibus gaudent e conidiis ellipsoideisvel late-fusiformibus, septatis vel aseptatis compositis.

Species typica Cladosporium inaequiseptatum Mat-sushima.

Colonies effuse, hairy, brown to dark blackishbrown, often inconspicuous. Mycelium partlysuperficial, partly immersed in the substratum,composed of pale brown to brown, smooth,branched, septate hyphae. Conidiophores macro-nematous, rnononematous, erect, simple, smooth,septate, straight or slightly flexuous, brown todark brown, inflated at the base to form a radiallylobed basal cell. Conidiogenous cells integrated,holoblastic, mono blastic, terminal, cylindrical to


lageniform, percurrent, Conidia aerogenous, dry,smooth, hyaline to pale brown, composed of asingle, septate or non-septate primary ramoconi-dium with one or more broad denticles at the apex,with or without secondary or tertiary, septate ornon-septate ramoconidia also with apical denticles,ramoconidia bearing short chains of ellipsoid tobroadly fusiform, septate or non-septate conidia.

IOllm

L-J

Parapleurotheciopsis is superficially similar toPleurotheciopsis B. Sutton (1973 b), a genus charac-terized by unbranched conidiophores with single,terminal, sympodiaIIy proliferating polyblasticconidiogenous cells. Conidia are in unbranchedchains and following secession the conidiogenouscells are often denticulate, the denticles beingshort and cylindrical with flat apices. When the

Fig. S. Hormiaaella asetosa, IMI 231863.

P. M. Kirk

conidiophore and conidia are observed undisturbedthe appearance is identical in both genera. How-ever, there is a fundamental difference in the originof the conidial chains. In Pleurotheciopsis thechains originate from the polyblastic conidio-genous cell whereas in Parapleurotheciopsis thechains originate from the apex of the primaryramoconidium. The conidiogenuous cell in Para-pleurotheciopsis is monoblastic.

There is apparently no proliferation in Pleuro-theciopsis other than that which occurs duringconidiogenesis although the conidiophore mayregenerate after damage or a period of inactivityto produce a new conidiogenous locus at a higherlevel. In Parapleurotheciopsis the conidiogenouscell, following schizolytic secession of the primaryramoconidium, proliferates through the halfseptum at the apex to form a further conidiogenouslocus at a higher level.

Parapleurotheciopsis shares some characteristicswith Heteroconium Petrak (1949) and SeptonemaCorda (1837). It appears to be most closely relatedto Heteroconium from which it differs by producingdistinct primary ramoconidia. It resembles Sep-tonema in producing ramoconidia but in this genusthe conidiogenous cells are polyblastic.

Parapleurotheciopsis would appear to be a genusof essentially foliicolous species. The radiallylobed basal cells of the conidiophores are a charac-teristic of many genera of foliicolous hyphomycetes(Kirk, 1979). Kendrick (1980) suggested thatradially lobed basal cells may have evolved as asolution to the problem of obtaining stability fortall structures.

Parapleurotheciopsis inaequiseptata (Matsu-shima) P. M. Kirk comb.nov.

Cladosporium inaequiseptatum Matsushima, Icon.microfung: Matsushima lect.: 35 (1975).

Kirk (1981) recorded this species (as Cladosporiuminaequiseptatum) from decaying leaves of Eucaly-ptus cocci/era Hook. f. collected in Devon, U.K.,and indicated that it should possibly be placed inanother genus since it was clearly not congenericwith C. herbarum (Pers.) Link ex Gray, thelectotype species of Cladosporium. It was suggestedthat Polyscytalum Riess (1853) would be anappropriate genus but no formal transfer was madebecause the generic limits of Polyscytalum andseveral other closely related genera were notclearly defined.

The discovery of an undescribed species ondecaying leaves of Quercus ilex (vide infra) clearlycongeneric with C. inaequiseptatum and additionalobservations of Po'yscytalum fecundissimum Riess(1853), the holotype species of Polyscytalum

3

(Kirk, unpubl.), necessitated the establishment ofa new genus for their inclusion.

Illustrations: Kirk (1981), Matsushima (1975).

Specimen examined. On decayingleavesof Eucalyptuscoccifera, Killerton House, Exeter, Devon, U.K.,3 Sept. 1978, P. M. Kirk 324, IMI 234741.

Parapleurotheciopsis ilicina P. M. Kirksp.nov. (Fig. 6)

Coloniaeeffusae,pilosae,brunneae, saepeinconspicuae,Mycelium partim superficiale, partim in substratoimmersum, ex hyphis pallide brunneis, laevibus,ramosis, septatis, usque ad 2'5 p,m latis compositum.Conidiophoraemacronematosae, mononematosae, erec-tae, simplices, laevibus, septatae, rectae vel leviterflexuosae, brunneae ad atrobrunneae, 70-160 pm altae,3-5 p,m latae ad basem inflatae usque ad 14 p,m latae,cellulamradialiter lobatam imam formantes, ad apicemper 1-4 proliferationes percurrentes. Cellulae conidio-genae in conidiophoris incorporatae, holoblasticae,monoblasticae,terminales, cylindricaead lageniformes,percurrentes. Conidia acrogena, sicca, laevia, hyalinaad pallide brunnea, catenata cum ramoconidio unicoad cellulam conidiogenam proximo, o-j-septato, latefusiformi ad ellipsoidea, 16-24 p,m longo, 4-5 p,m lato,uno vel duobus in apici denticulis planis, latis induto,denticulis ipsis quibusque catenam ferentibus e 1-4conidiis o-j-septatis, late fusiformibus ad ellipsoideis16-24 fl,m longis, 4-5 p,m latis compositam.

In foliis emortuis Quercus ilicis, Bathill, Brixham,Devon, U.K., 17 August 1978,P. M. Kirk 121a, IMI231175a, holotypus.

Colonies effuse, hairy, brown, often incon-spicuous. Mycelium partly superficial, partly im-mersed in the substratum, composed of palebrown, smooth, branched, septate hyphae up to2'5 /lm wide. Conidiophoresmacronematous, mono-nematous, erect, simple, smooth, septate, straightor slightly flexuous, brown to dark brown, 70-160/lm high, 3-5/lm wide, inflated up to 14 /lmat the base to form a radially lobed basal cell, with1-4 percurrent proliferations at the apex. Conidia-genous cells integrated, holoblastic, monoblastic,terminal, cylindrical to lageniform, percurrent.Conidia aerogenous, dry, smooth, hyaline to palebrown, with a single, 0 to 3-septate, broadlyfusiform to ellipsoid primary ramoconidium 16-24/lm long, 4-5 /lm wide, with one or two broadflat denticles at the apex, each denticle bearing achain of 1-4, 0 to 3-septate, broadly fusiform toellipsoid conidia 16-24/lm long, 4-5/lm wide.

Specimens examined. On dead leavesof Quercus ilex.Bathill, Brixharn, Devon, U.K., 17 Aug. 1978, P.M.Kirk, 121a, IMI 231175a, holotype; Royal BotanicGardens, Kew, Surrey, U.K., 4 Oct. 1978,P.M., Kirk305 & 308, IMI 232642 & 232645.

Parapleurotheciopsis ilicina differs from P.inaequiseptata in several distinct ways. The coni-

MYC 78


:.:.

:. . , "

", :".

: . "

. . .. .

IOj.lm

Fig. 6. Parapleurotheciopsis ilicina,

P. M. Kirk

;: . " ) ~.,: . "J

;' ..', '

, .. .. .. .

, '

). ' .

. ' " " . .;

, . "

.. ....

, ' , ':

l0l.lffi

Fig. 7. Selenosporella curoispora.

diophores of P. inaequiseptata are more robustthan those of P. ilicina, the primary ramoconidiaare longer and possess a larger number of apicaldenticles, secondary and sometimes tertiaryramoconidia are produced, and the conidia aretypically unequally r-septate.

SELENOSPORELLA CURVISPORA MacGarvie, Scient.Proc. R. Dubl, Soc., Ser. B 2(16): 153 (1968).(Fig. 7)

Colonies effuse, inconspicuous. Mycelium im-mersed, composed of branched, septate, smooth,brown hyphae 3-4 pm wide. Conidiophores macro-nematous, mononematous, arising singly or infascicles of 2-3, unbranched, straight or slightlyflexuous. Conidiogenous cells discrete or rarelyintegrated and terminal, arranged in verticils,apparently holoblastic and sympodial, cylindricalor lageniform, 12-20 pm long, 3-3'5 Jlm wide at

the base. Conidia simple, falcate, hyaline, smooth,non-septate, 9'5-11 pm long, 0'4-0'6 Jlm wide.

Specimens examined. On Fagus sylvatica mast,Arlington Court, Devon, U.K., 2 Sept. 1978, P.M.Kirk 162a, 1M1 231891a.

The genus Selenosporella Arnaud ex Mac Garviewas introduced by Arnaud (1954) and subsequentlyvalidated by Mac Garvie (1968). MacGarviedescribed conidiogenesis in S. curvispora Mac-Garvie, the type species, thus: 'conidia wereformed in basipetal succession through the openends of denticles - the base of a narrow conidiumcan often be seen just inside the end of a denticleindicating that the sporogenous apparatus is infact phialidic '. Ellis (1971) agreed with Mac-Garvie's interpretation of conidiogenesis andadded that the conidia arose semi-endogenouslyfrom denticular collarettes and aggregated inslimy masses. However, Arnaud (1954) included


S. curvispora Arnaud nom.nud. with HelicosporiumNees ex Fr. and thereby indirectly implied thatthe mode of conidiogenesis was similar in the twogenera, that is, holoblastic. Ichinoe (1968) statedthat the conidia were produced at the tips of theconidiogenous cells without comment on whetherthey arose holoblastically or enteroblastically.Matsushima (1975), however, referred to theconidia as sympodulospores.

It appears that each conidiogenous denticleproduces only one conidium and the processinvolved is holoblastic. Mature 'conidia have neverbeen observed with their bases inside the denticlesas reported by MacGarvie (1968). Onofri, Castag-nola & Espagnet (1980) published a scanningelectron micrograph of an unnamed species ofSelenosporella which appears to show solid den-ticles and not collarettes. However, it is clear thatthe precise mode of conidiogenesis will only besatisfactorily explained after a study employingtransmission electron microscopy.

The present collection differs from those de-scribed by Mac Garvie (1968) and Ellis (1971) onlyin conidium size and shape. Whilst the collectionson Juncus effusus L. leaves examined by Mac-Garvie and Ellis produced conidia rounded at theapex, tapered towards the base and 5-7 x 0·6-0·8 Jim those described above are falcate, non-tapered and 9'5-11 x 0'4-0'6 pm. The conidia inthe present collection more closely correspond tothose illustrated by Arnaud (1954, Fig. 12A, B).However, Arnaud reported that the conidia were6-8 x 0'5-0'8 pm although his illustrations, basedon the magnifications given, show falcate, non-tapered conidia with a size range of 10-12 (-15) x0'5-0'7 pm

Ichinoe (1968) described the conidia in hiscollection as straight or slightly curved, roundedat the base, acute at the apex, and 8-14 x 0'5-1 Ilm.The conidia in the collections described byMatsushima (1975) were reported as acerose and7'5-12 x 0'8-1'3 pm. In both these reports theconidia are quite different in shape and size fromthose in the present collection and may representdifferent taxa.

Further collections may show that S. curuisporaArnaud is not conspecific with S. curvisporaMac Garvie and that two distinct taxa are involved.

The present collection constitutes the firstrecord of Selenosporella from Britain .

Sporidesmium c1arkii P. M. Kirk sp. nov.(F igs 8,9) (etym, Mr M. C. Clark, mycologist)

Coloniae effusae, pilosae, fuscae. Mycelium in sub-strato plerumque immersum, ex hyphis brunneis adpallide brunneis, laevibus, ramosis, septatis, usque ad4 /1m latis compositum. Conidiophorae macronema-

tosae, mononematosae, solitares, erectae, simplices,rectae vel leviter flexuosae, septatae, brunneae, adapicempallidiores, 65-150Jiminterdumetiamcelsiores,5-7 pm latae,per usque ad 4 proliferationes elongantes,Cellulae conidiogenae terrninales, in conidiophorisincorporate, monoblasticae, percurrentes, cylindricaead ampulliformes. Conidia solitaria, acrogena, sicca,laevia, obclavata, brunnea, cellulae apicalis et saepeimae respectu pallidiora, cellula ima conico-truncata,cellula apicali rotundata, (3- ) 4-5-septata, conidiaquadri septata (30-) 34-38 (-42) Itm longa, 8'5-10 /1mlata.conidiaquinqueseptata36-40(- 50)Jim longa.o-ro(- 12) pm lata. Synanamorpha ex conidiis ipsis veldiscretis in conidiophoris oriens cum cellulis conidio-genis lagcniformibus, conidiis filiformibus, flexuosis,10-14 pm longis,0'5-0'8 pm Iatis,

In caulibus emortuis Rubi [ruticosi L., Slapton Ley,Devon, U.K., 6 Apr. 1974,M.C. Clark, IMI 184283b,holotypus.

Colonies effuse, hairy, blackish brown. Myceliummostly immersed in the substratum, composed ofpale brown, smooth, branched, septate hyphae up to4 pm wide. Conidiophores macronematous, mono-nematous, solitary, erect, simple, straight orslightly flexuous, septate, brown, paler towards theapex, 65-15° pm or more high, 5-7 pm wide, withup to 4 successive proliferations. Conidiogenouscells terminal, integrated, monoblastic, percurrent,cylindrical to ampullifonn. Conidia solitary,aerogenous, dry, smooth, obclavate, brown, apicaland often basal cell paler, apical cell rounded,basal cell conico-truncate, (3-) 4-s-septate, 4-septate conidia (30-) 34-38 (-42) pm long, 8'5-10 pm wide, s-septate conidia 36-40 (-50) pmlong, 9-10 (-12) pm wide. Synanamorpb borne onconidia or separate conidiophores, conidiogenouscells lagenifonn, conidia filiform, flexuous, 10-14 pm long, 0'5-0'8 pm wide.

Sp ecimen examined. On deadcanesof Rubusfruticosus,Slapton Ley, Devon, U.K., 6 Apr. 1974,M. C. Clark,IMI 184283b, holotype.Associated with and obscuredby Tr iposporium elegans Corda.

Sporidesmium clarkii would appear to be mostclosely related to S. altum (Preuss) M. B. Ellis(Ellis, 1958) and S. cookei (S. Hughes) M. B. Ellis(Ellis, 1958). The conidia in these two species areobpyriform to obturbinate and are characterisedby a rounded basal cell with a distinctly raisedtruncate base which is clearly unlike the conico-truncate basal cell of S. clarkii. Size and septationof the conidia are also different. The conidia ofS. alt um are broader than those of S. clark ii and5-8 septate whilst tho se of S. cookei are distinctlyshorter and only 2 or 3 septate. The constancy ofshape, size and septation has been established byan examination of 14 collections of S. cookei and47 collections of S. altum.

P. M. Kirk

10 JIm

:' . '

Fig. 8. Sporidesmium clarkii.

7°

. ." . " ,

. .


10 11m

Fig. 9. Sporidesmium clarkii.

Hughes (1979) discussed the application ofsuitable generic names to the synanamorphs ofvarious species in several genera of Hyphomycetes.The synanamorphs of some species of Endophrag-miella B. Sutton (1973) have been referred to bothSelenosporella Arnaud ex MacGarvie (1968) andVerricicladiella S. Hughes (1953) and morpholo-gically similar synanamorphs have been observedin several other genera of Hyphornycetes (Hughes,1979: 161).

The synanamorph accompanying S. clarkii is,at present, unique in the genus SporidesmiumsensuHughes (1979).

SUBRAMANIOMYCES Mani Varghese & Rao emend.P. M. Kirk

Colonies effuse, velvety or hairy, buff to brown ordark brown, sometimes inconspicuous. Myceliumpartly superficial, partly immersed in the sub-stratum, composed of pale brown to brown,smooth, branched, septate hyphae. Conidiophoresmacronematous, mononematous, solitary or fasci-culate, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, palebrown to dark brown, either short, 0- to3-septate, unbranched or proximally branchedand with an integrated, apical conidiogenous

P. M. Kirk 71

cell or taller, often setiform, multi septate, un-branched, sometimes fertile apically and withdiscrete, lateral, ampulliform conidiogenous cells.Conidiogenous cells either lateral and discrete ontall conidiophores and/or terminal and integratedon short or long conidiophores, holoblastic,polyblastic, sympodial, denticulate, denticlescylindrical with unthickened apices. Conidiadry, catenate, formed in simple or proximallybranched, readily fragmenting, acropetally elonga-.ting chains, non-septate, smooth, very pale oliva-ceous brown to pale brown, narrowly ellipsoid tobroadly fusiform, truncate at the apices withindistinct, unthickened scars, terminal conidiaoften elongate fusiform and distinctly more deeplypigmented than the other conidia.

Type species S. indicus Mani Varghese & Rao

Undoubtedly the most important distinguishingfeature of Subramaniomyces is the production ofmorphologically distinct terminal conidia. ManiVarghese & Rao (1980) failed to draw attention tothis most unusual Characteristic, although theirpresence was clearly shown in the illustrations ofS. indicus provided.

Matsushima (1971, 1975) described similarmorphologically distinct terminal conidia in Ramu-laria fusisaprophytica Matsushima. It is apparentthat R .fusisaprophytica and S. indicus are congenericand the genus Subramaniomyces is thereforeamended to include both taxa.

Ramularia Unger (1833), a genus containingmany species known to cause leaf spots on avariety of host plants, is characterized by producingtypically fasciculate conidiophores usually emer-ging through stomata and bearing solitary orshort unbranched chains of conidia . The conidio-genous cells are terminal, proliferate sympodiallyand are often somewhat geniculate. At maturitythe conidia are borne on very short and ratherbroad 'denticles ' which appear as distinctlythickened scars following secession of the conidia .Several collections of one of the syntypes, R. didymaUnger, a common pathogen of Ranunculus spp.in Northern Europe (including the British Isles),have been examined. From a comparison with anauthentic collection of R. fusisaprophytica andholotype material of Subramaniomyces navicularis(B. Sutton) Mani Varghese & Rao (1980, syn.Hemibeltrania navicularis B. Sutton, 1976) it isclear that these two taxa do not belong in Ramularia.

Only a few species of Dematiaceae are knownwhich produce morphologically distinct terminalconidia e.g, Phragmocephala prolifera (Sacc,Rousseau & E. Bommer) S. Hughes. The functionof such conidia in Subramaniomyces is obscure.They may have evolved as a relatively long term

survival propagule since the other conidia arehyaline and somewhat thin-walled.

Subramaniomyces fusisaprophyticus (Matsu-shima) P. M. Kirk comb.nov. (Fig. 10)

Ramularia fusisaprophytica Matsushima, Micro-fungi of the Solomon Islands and Papua-NewGuinea: 48 (1971).

Colonies effuse or discrete, sometimes incon-spicuous, velvety, white to buff. Mycelium partlysuperficial, partly immersed in the substratum,composed of pale brown, branched, smooth,septate hyphae 1'5-2'5 pm wide. Conidiophoresmacronematous, mononematous, erect, straight orslightly flexuous, smooth, typically r-septate,pale brown, paler towards the apex, 12-28 pmhigh, 3'5-5'5 pm wide, somewhat radially lobedat the base. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal,polyblastic, sympodial, denticulate, denticles cylin-drical. Conidia dry, formed in short, proximallybranched, acropetal chains, ellipsoid to broadlyfusiform, smooth, very pale olivaceous brown,(13-) 17-18'5 (-21) pm long, 2'5-3 '5 pm wide,terminal conidia acicular, smooth, brown, (18-)25-31 pm long, 2'5-3 pm wide.

Specimens examined. On mixed, unidentified leaflitter, near Juadalur, Ooty-Mysore Road, Nilgiris,India, 21 Feb, 1966,K. A. Pirozynski 274,IMI 120185t;on Pasania sp. leaves, Kobe, Japan, Mar. 1969, T.Matsushima MFC-2540, IMI 246853a; on decayingleaves of Eucalyptus saligna Smith, Molokai, Hawaii,17 Mar. 1977, C. S. Hodges, IMI 212862C;same host,Lapa Loop, Kauai, Hawaii, 3 July 1977, C. S. Hodges,IMI 212863b; same host, Poutasi, Island of Upolu,Western Samoa, 14 Dec . 1978, C. S. Hodges, IMI236773b; on Myrica nagi Thunb., Chambaghat,Solan, India, 29 Mar. 1977, A. D . Sharma 897, IMI213764; on decaying leaves of Quercus ilex, Bathill,Brixham, Devon, U.K., 17 Aug. 1978, P. M. Kirk 90a,IMI2311913·

The significance, at the species level, of conidio-phore morphology is not yet easily defined inSubramaniomyces. In S. indicus and S. navicularisan extensive range of variation in conidiophoresize and position of insertion of the conidiogenouscells is found. In some collections sterile setiformelements are present whilst in others the apicalcell of the seta develops into a conidiogenous cell.In other collections the setiform conidiophoresbear discrete , pleurogenous conidiogenous cellsyet in otherwise identical collections they areabsent. All collections bear relatively short,unbranched, 1 to 3-septate, conidiophores with anapical conidiogenous cell and in this respect theyresemble S. fusisaprophyticus which is presentlycharacterised by producing only short conidio-

72

~: "

; ,''. '

' , -

;', ,;'


Fig. 10. Subramaniomycesfusisaprophyticus.

phores . The essential difference between S.indicus and S. navicularis is the production ofproximally branched chains of conidia in theformer species and unbranched chains of conidiain the latter. However, several of the collectionshere referred to S. fusisaprophyticus produceproximally branched chains of conidia whilst inothers only simple chains are found. Undoubtedlycultural work will establish whether these differ-

ences are constant under standard conditions.There is the distinct possibility that we are dealingwith only one, somewhat variable species. If thisis the case the earliest name, S. fusisaprophyticus,should be employed.

The collection from Devon illustrated in Fig. 10

constitutes the first record of S. fusisaprophyticusfrom the British Isles.

Illustrations: Matsushima (1971, 1975).

P. M. Kirk 73TAENIOLELLA BREVIUSCULA (Berk. & Curt.) S.

Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36: 817 (1958).

Septonema breviusculum Berk. & Curt. apudBerk., Grevillea 3: 15 (1874).

Conidia catenate, broadly ellipsoid to cylindricalwith rounded ends, brown to dark brown, smooth,1 to 5-septate, 14-42 pm long, 8-11 pm wide.

Specimens examined. On bark of Acer sp., SouthCarolina, U.S.A., M.A. Curtis 4956, IMI 169662,slide ex holotype of Septonema breviusculum; on woodof Pinus sylvestris L., Arlington Court, Devon, U.K.,2 Sept. 1978, P. M. Kirk 156c, IMI 231885c.

Ellis (1976) redescribed this species based on anexamination of the holotype, on bark of Acerfrom South Carolina, U.S.A. No other collectionswere cited. The present collection constitutes thefirst record of T. breviuscula from the British Isles.

Illustrations: Ellis (1976).

TAENIOLELLA FAGINEA (Fuckel) S. Hughes, lac. cit.

Torula faginea Fuckel, Hedwigia 5: 30 (1866).

Conidia catenate, broadly ellipsoid to cylindricalwith rounded ends, brown to dark brown, verru-culose, 1 to 3-septate, 16-30 pm long, 9-12 pmwide.

Specimens examined. On cortex of Fagus syluatica L.,Germany, Fuckel's Fungi Rhenani No. 1620, holotypeof Torula faginae; on rotten wood, Arlington Court,Devon, U.K., 2 Sept. 1978, P. M. Kirk 147a, IMI231876a.

The present collection differs slightly from theholotype as described by Ellis (1976) in its some-what narrower conidia with fewer septa. However,the verruculose wall omamentation is quitedistinct and appears diagnostic. Until additionalcollections become available the material fromDevon is here referred to T. faginea.

Ellis (1976) cited only the holotype of Fagussylvatica from Germany and the Devon materialtherefore constitutes the first record of thisspecies from the British Isles.

Illustrations: Ellis (1976).

The author is grateful to Dr B. C. Sutton forhelpful discussion, Mr M. C. Clark for makingpersonal collections available for study, Dr T.Matsushima for the loan of material in his keepingand Dr D. W. Minter for correcting the Latindiagnoses.

REFERENCES

ARNAUD, G. (1954). Mycologie Concrete: genera II(suite et fin). Bulletin trimestriel de la SocieteMycologique de France 69, 265-306.

CORDA, A. C. I. (1837). leones Fungorum 1, 1-32.ELLIS, M. B. (1958). Clasterosporium and some allied

Dematiaceae-Phragmosporae. I. Mycological Papers7°,1-89.

ELLIS, M. B. (1959). Clasterosporium and some alliedDematiaceae-Phragmosporae, II. Mycological Papers72,1-75.

ELLIS, M. B. (1971). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, Kew:Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

ELLIS, M. B. (1976). More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes.Kew: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

GAMUNDI, I. J., ARAMBARRI, A. M. & GIAIOTTI, A.(1977). Mycoflora de la hojarasca de Nothofagusdombeyi. Darwiniana 21, 81-114.

HAWKswORTH, D. L. & MINTER, D. W. (1980). Newand interesting microfungi from the 1978 Exeterforay. Transactions of the British Mycological Society74,567-577.

HOLUBovA-JECHovA, V. (1978). Lignicolous Hypho-mycetes from Czechoslovakia. 5. Septonema, Hormi-actella and Lylea. Folia Geobotanica & Phyto-taxonomica 13,421-442.

HUGHES, S. J. (1953). Conidiophores, conidia, andclassification. Canadian Journal of Botany 31, 577-659·

HUGHES, S. J. (1958). Revisiones Hyphomycetumaliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis.Canadian Journal of Botany 36, 728-836.

HUGHES, S. J. (1978). New Zealand Fungi 25. Miscel-laneous species. New Zealand Journal of Botany 16,311-370.

HUGHES, S. J. (1979). Relocation of species of Endo-phragmia auct, with notes on relevant generic names.New Zealand Journal of Botany 17, 139-188.

HUGHES, S. J. & KENDRICK, W. B. (1968). New ZealandFungi 12. Menispora, Codinaea, Menisporopsis. NewZealand Journal of Botany 6, 323-375.

ICHINOE, M. (1968). Japanese Hyphomycete notes II.Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan 9,57-64.

KENDRICK, W. B. (1980). The generic concept inHyphomycetes - a reappraisal. Mycotaxon 11, 339-364·

KIRK, P. M. (1979). A new Dematiaceous Hypho-mycete from leaf litter. Transactions of the BritishMycological Society 73, 75-79.

KIRK,P. M. (1981). New or Interesting Microfungi I.Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes from Devon. Trans-actions of the British Mycological Society 76, 71-87.

MAcGARVIE, Q. D. (1968). Hyphomycetes on Juncuseffusus L. The Scientific Proceedings of the RoyalDublin Society, Series B 2, 153-161.

MAIRE, R. (1937). Fungi Catalaunici, Series altera.Contribution a I'etude de la Flore Mycologique de laCatalogne. Publicacions de l'lnstitut botanic 3, 1-128.

MANI VARGHESE, K. I. & RAo, V. G. (1980). Forestmicrofungi - I. Subramaniomyces, a new genus ofHyphomycetes. Kavaka 7, 83-85.

MATSUSHIMA, T. (1971). Microfungi of the SolomonIslands and Papua-New Guinea. Kobe: Matsushima.

MATSUSHIMA, (1975). leones microfungorum a Matsu-shima lectorum, Kobe: Matsushima.

MATSUSHIMA, T. (1980). Saprophytic microfungi from


Taiwan. Part 1. Hyphomycetes. Matsushima Myco-logical Memoirs 1, 1-82.

NAG RAJ, T. R. & KENDRICK, W. B. (1975). A mono-graph of Chalara and allied genera. Waterloo,Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

ONOFRI, S., CASTAGNOLA, M. & ESPAGNET, S.R. (1980).L'impiego della microscopia elettronica a scansiorein micologia. Mycologia italiana 9, 29-32.

PETRAK, F. (1949). Neue Hyphomyzeten-Gattungenaus Ekuador, Sydowia 3, 259-332.

PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (1963). Beltrania and relatedgenera. Mycological Papers 90, 1-37.

PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (1972). Microfungi of Tanzania. I.Miscellaneous fungi on oil palm. II. New Hypho-mycetes. Mycological Papers 129, 1-64.

PIROZYNSKI, K. A. & HODGES, C. S. JR. (1973). NewHyphomycetes from South Carolina. CanadianJournal of Botany 51, 157-173.

PREUSS, C. G. T. (1851). Uebersicht untersuchterPilze, besonders aus der Umgegend von Hoyers-werda. Linnaea 24, 99-153.

RIESS, H. (1853). Beitrage zur Pilzkunde. BotanischeZeitung 11, 129-14°.

SACCARDO, P. A. (1866). Sylloge Fungorum 4, 1-807.SPEGAZZINI, C. (1923). Algonos hongos de Tierra del

Fuego. Physis 7, 7-23.SUTTON, B. C. (1973a). Hyphomycetes from Manitoba

and Saskatchewan, Canada. Mycological Papers 132,1-143·

SUTTON, B. C. (1973 b). Some Hyphomycetes withholoblastic sympodial conidiogenous cells. Trans-actions of the British Mycological Society 61, 417-429.

SUTTON, B. C. (1976). Species of Hemibeltrania Piroz.and Dischloridium gen.nov. Kavaka 4, 43-50.

SUTTON, B. C. & HODGES, C. S. JR. (1916). Eucalyptusmicrofungi: Some setose hyphomycetes with phia-lides. Nova Hedungia 27,343-352.

SUTTON, B. C. & HODGES, C. S. JR. (1979). Eucalyptusmicrofungi. Chaetendophragmiopsis gen.nov, andother hyphomycetes. Nova Hedwigia 29, 593-607.

SUTTON, B. C. & PIROZYNSKI, K. A. (1965). Notes onMicrofungi II. Transactions of the British MycologicalSociety 48, 349-366.

UNGER, F. J. A. N. (1833). Die Exantheme der Pflan-zen, Wien, p. 169.

VERONA, O. & BENEDEK, T. (1962). IconographiaMycologica VI. Plate A126. Mycopathologia etMycologic Applicata Supplementum.

VERONA, O. & BENEDEK, T. (1966). IconographiaMycologica XVII. Plate A424. Mycopathologia etMycologic Applicata Supplementum.

VERONA, O. & BENEDEK, T. (1974). IconographiaMycologica XXXV. Plate A826. Mycopathologia etMycologia Applicata Supplementum,

(Received for publication 24 March 1981)

new or interesting microfungi: iv. dematiaceous hyphomycetes from devon

Documents