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Created By: Anurag S. VasanwalaDalpat J. Prajapati

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IBM 5 IN 5, 2012

International Business Machines, abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating back to the 19th century. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software (with a focus on the latter), and offers infrastructure services, hosting services, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.

IBM has been well known through most of its recent history as one of the world's largest computer companies and systems integrators. The company has top level scientists, engineers, consultants, and sales professionals in over 170 countries.

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One of the most intriguing aspects of this shift is their ability to give machines some of the capabilities of the right side of the human brain.

New technologies make it possible for machines to mimic and augment the senses. Today, we see the beginnings of sensing machines in self-parking cars and biometric security–and the future is wide open.

Last year, IBM focused the IBM Next 5 in 5, our 2012 forecast of inventions that will change your world in the next five years, on how computers will mimic the senses.

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Last year(2012) IBM presents The 5 in 5 in five sensory categories, through innovations that will touch our lives and see us into the future.

In the era of cognitive computing, systems learn instead of passively relying on programming. As a result, emerging technologies will continue to push the boundaries of human limitations to enhance and augment our senses with machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), advanced speech recognition and more. No need to call for Superman when we have real super senses at hand.

Processing sights and sounds requires eyes, ears and, most important, a brain—right?

But what if your hardware shared your senses?

Robyn SchwartsRetail Industry Expert, IBM

Within the next five years, your mobile device will let you touch what you’re shopping for online. It will distinguish fabrics, textures, and weaves so that you can feel a sweater, jacket, or upholstery – right through the screen.

Touch: You will be able to touch through your phone

Haptic devices such as gloves or “rumble packs” used in gaming have existed for years. But we use them in closed environments where the touch doesn’t actually connect to where we are in reality. At IBM Research they think that in the next five years that our mobile devices will bring together virtual and real world experiences to not just shop, but feel the surface of produce, and get feedback on data such as freshness or quality.

It’s already possible to recreate a sense of texture through vibration. But those vibrations haven’t been translated into a lexicon, or dictionary of textures that match the physical experience. By matching variable-frequency patterns of vibration to physical objects so, that when a shopper touches what the webpage says is a silk shirt, the screen will emit vibrations that match what our skin mentally translates to the feel of silk.

Touch: You will be able to touch through your phone

John SmithSenior Manager, Intelligent Information management

People say a picture is worth a thousand words, but for computers, they’re just thousands of pixels. But within the next five years, IBM Research thinks that computers will not only be able to look at images, but help us understand the 500 billion photos we’re taking every year (that’s about 78 photos for each person on the planet).

Getting a computer to see:The human eye processes images by parsing colors and looking at edge information and

texture characteristics. In addition, we can understand what an object is, the setting it’s in and what it may be doing. While a human can learn this rather quickly, computers traditionally haven’t been able to make these determinations, instead relying on tags and text descriptions to determine what the image is.

One of the challenges of getting computers to “see,” is that traditional programming can’t replicate something as complex as sight. But by taking a cognitive approach, and showing a computer thousands of examples of a particular scene, the computer can start to detect patterns that matter, whether it’s in a scanned photograph uploaded to the web, or some video footage taken with a camera phone.

Sight: A pixel will be worth a thousand words

Dimitri KanevskyIBM Research Scientist (Lost hearing at age three)

Imagine knowing the meaning behind your child’s cry, or maybe even your pet dog’s bark, through an app on your smartphone. In the next five years, you will be able to do just that thanks to algorithms embedded in cognitive systems that will understand any sound.

Hearing: Computers will hear what matters

Each of a baby’s cries, from pain, to hunger, to exhaustion, sound different – even if it’s difficult to tell. Dimitri kanevsky and some of his colleagues patented a way to take the data from typical baby sounds, collected at different ages by monitoring brain, heart and lung activity, to interpret how babies feel. Soon, a mother will be able to translate her baby’s cries in real time into meaningful phrases, via a baby monitor or smartphone.

Predicting the sound of weather:Sensors already help us with everything from easing traffic, to

conserving water. These same sensors can also be used to interpret sounds in these environments. What does a tree under stress during a storm sound like? Will it collapse into the road? Sensors feeding the information to a city datacenter would know, and be able to alert ground crews before the collapse.

Hearing: Computers will hear what matters

Lav VarshneyIBM Research Scientist

An extraordinary dining experience of perfectly cooked food, with unique flavor combinations meticulously designed on a plate, heightens all of our senses.

But we may not realize that the way we perceive flavors and the characteristics of a “good” meal are fundamentally chemical and neural. In five years, computers will be able to construct never-before-heard-of recipes to delight palates – even those with health or dietary constraints – using foods’ molecular structure.

Lessons from Watson: inductive reasoningWhereas traditional computing uses deductive reasoning to solve a problem with a definitive answer, our

research team uses inductive reasoning to model human perception. Watson was a concrete example of this inductive type of computing system to interpret natural language and answer vague and abstract questions.

IBM research team is designing a learning system that adds one more dimension to cognitive computing: creativity.

The system analyzes foods in terms of how chemical compounds interact with each other, the number of atoms in each compound, and the bonding structure and shapes of compounds. Coupled with psychophysical data and models on which chemicals produce perceptions of pleasantness, familiarity and enjoyment, the end result is a unique recipe, using combinations of ingredients that are scientifically flavorful.

So unlike Watson, which used known information to answer a question with a fixed answer, this system is creating something that’s never been seen before. It’s pushing computing to new fields of creativity and quickly giving us designs for novel, high-quality food combinations.

Taste: Digital taste buds will help you eat smarter

Hendrik HamannIBM Research Manager, Physical Analytics

Within the next five years, your mobile device will likely be able to tell you you’re getting a cold before your very first sneeze.

With every breath, you expel millions of different molecules. Some of these molecules are biomarkers, which can carry a plethora of data about your physical state at any given moment. By capturing the information they carry, technology can pick up clues about your health and provide valuable diagnostic information to your physician.

What’s that smell?In this evolving new era of cognitive computing, computers are increasingly able to process unstructured

data, draw conclusions based on evidence, and learn from their successes and mistakes. This makes them progressively more valuable diagnostic tools to help humans solve problems and answer questions.

A version of former quiz show champ, Watson, is now attending medical school at the Cleveland Clinic, learning from medical students how to identify and process multiple symptoms and patient scenarios to help doctors diagnose conditions with increasing confidence and accuracy.

However, to learn – one has to sense first.Tiny sensors that ‘smell’ can be integrated into cell phones and other mobile devices, feeding information

contained on the biomarkers to a computer system that can analyze the data.Similar to how a breathalyzer can detect alcohol from a breath sample, sensors can be designed to collect

other specific data from the biomarkers. Potential applications could include identifying liver and kidney disorders, diabetes and tuberculosis, among others.

Smell: Computers will have a sense of smell