network access point

• network access point

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Wi-Fi

1 These can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network

access point


Data transmission - Applications and history

1 Data transmission is utilized in computer networking equipment

such as modems (1940), local area networks (LAN) adapters (1964), repeaters, hubs, microwave links,

wireless network access points (1997), etc.


CenturyLink - CenturyTel

1 in Houston, Texas, in March, to form a satellite teleport for its global

Network Access Point (NAP) system


Leased line - Site to network connectivity

1 As demand grew on data network telcos started to build more

advanced network using packet switching on top of their

infrastructure. Thus number of telecommunication companies added ATM, Frame-relay or ISDN offerings to their services portfolio. Leased lines were used to connect the customer

site to the telco network access point.


Peering - Public peering

1 Historically, public peering locations were known as network access

points (NAPs); today they are most often called exchange points or

Internet exchanges ("IXP")


Peering - History of peering

1 When the United States government de-funded the NSFNET backbone, Internet

exchange points were needed to replace its function, and initial governmental

funding was used to aid the preexisting MAE and bootstrap three other

exchanges, which they dubbed NAPs, or "Network Access Points," in accordance

with the terminology of the National Information Infrastructure document


Merit Network - National networking, NSFNET, and the Internet: 1986 to 1995

1 On April 30, 1995 the NSFNET project came to an end, when the NSFNET

backbone service was decommissioned and replaced by a

new Internet architecture with commercial ISPs interconnected at Network Access Points provided by

multiple providers across the country.


National Science Foundation Network - Privatization and a new network architecture

1 After the transition, network traffic was carried on any of several commercial backbone

networks, internetMCI, PSINet, SprintLink, ANSNet, and others. Traffic between networks was exchanged at four Network Access Points or NAPs. The NAPs were located in New York

(actually New Jersey), Washington, D.C., Chicago, and San Jose and run by Sprint, MFS Datanet, Ameritech, and Pacific Bell. The NAPs

were the forerunners of modern Internet exchange points.


Internet transit

1 In the 1990s, the network access point concept provided one

form of transit.


WiFi

1 These can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a

Wireless access point|wireless network access point


Data theft - Thumbsucking

1 *Networks have grown more dispersed, the number of remote

network access points has increased and methods of network connection

have expanded, increasing the number of vectors for network

infiltration.


History of the Internet - Opening the network to commerce

1 NSF also sponsored the VBNS|very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) which

continued to provide support for the supercomputing centers and research and

education in the United States.[http://w2.eff.org/Infrastructure/Govt_docs/nsf_nren.rfp NSF Solicitation 93-52] – Network Access Point Manager, Routing Arbiter, Regional

Network Providers, and Very High Speed Backbone Network Services Provider for NSFNET

and the NREN(SM) Program, May 6, 1993


Network service provider

1 A 'network service provider' ('NSP') is a business or organization that sells

Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth or network access by providing direct

Internet backbone access to the Internet and usually access to its network access

points (NAPs) . For such a reason, network service providers are sometimes

referred to as backbone providers or internet providers.


802.21 - Reasons for 802.21

1 Moreover, existing 802 standards provide mechanisms for detecting

and selecting network access points, but do not allow for detection and

selection of network access points in a way that is independent of the

network type.


Internet backbone

1 These data routes are hosted by commercial, government, academic

and other high-capacity network centers, the Internet exchange points

and network access points, that interchange Internet traffic between the countries, continents and across

the oceans of the world


Internet backbone - History

1 In the early days of the Internet, backbone providers exchanged their

traffic at government-sponsored network access points (NAPs), until

the government privatized the Internet, and then transferred the

NAPs to commercial providers.


Packet-switched - Very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS)

1 The very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) came on line in April 1995 as part of a National Science

Foundation (NSF) sponsored project to provide high-speed interconnection between NSF-sponsored

Supercomputer|supercomputing centers and select access points in the United

States.[http://w2.eff.org/Infrastructure/Govt_docs/nsf_nren.rfp NSF Solicitation 93-52] - Network Access Point

Manager, Routing Arbiter, Regional Network Providers, and Very High Speed Backbone Network Services

Provider for NSFNET and the NREN(SM) Program, May 6, 1993 The network was engineered and operated by MCI

Communications|MCI Telecommunications under a cooperative agreement with the NSF


Australian Securities Exchange - Trading systems

1 ASX Trade24 is ASX global trading platform for derivatives. It is globally distributed with network access points (gateways) located in

Chicago, New York, London, Hong Kong, Singapore, Sydney and Melbourne. It also

allows for true 24-hour trading, and simultaneously maintains two active trading days which enables products to be opened for trading in the new trading day in one time zone while products are still trading

under the previous day.


Network tap - New filterable tap technology

1 A new type of tap, or network access point, is now available


Piggybacking (internet access) - Reasons for piggybacking

1 Often, a user will access a network completely by accident, as the network access points and

computer's wireless cards and software are designed to connect easily by default. This is common when away from home or when the user's own network is not behaving correctly. Such users are often unaware that they are piggybacking, and the subscriber has not

noticed. Regardless, piggybacking is difficult to detect unless the user can be viewed by others

using a computer under suspicious circumstances.


Economy of Manchester - Technology

1 Manchester Network Access Point|MaNAP - Manchester Network Access Point - is a major internet traffic hub

mainly serving the The Midlands, England|Midlands and North of

England, and is the only access point outside of London, offering access to world networks at a much lower cost

than through London.


Wi-Fi Calling

1 Essentially, GAN allows cell phone packets to be forwarded to a network access point over the internet, rather

than over-the-air using GSM/GPRS, UMTS or similar


W. David Sincoskie - Career

1 From 1990 to 1996, Dr. Sincoskie was Executive Director of the Computer Networking Research Department at

Telcordia. He managed a group working on the AURORA gigabit testbed, IPv6, IP over

ATM, NSFNET, and broadband service control. He was the Project Director for two operational NSFNET Network Access Points,

Chicago and San Francisco, which today interconnect approximately 150 Internet

service providers.


Economy of Manchester - Technology

1 Manchester Network Access Point|MaNAP - Manchester Network Access Point - is a major internet traffic hub

mainly serving the The Midlands, England|Midlands and North of

England, and is the only access point outside of London, offering access to world networks at a much lower cost

than through London.


NSFNET - Privatization and a new network architecture

1 On April 30, 1995, the NSFNET Backbone Service had been successfully transitioned to a new

architecture[http://w2.eff.org/Infrastructure/Govt_docs/nsf_nren.rfp NSF Solicitation 93-52] - Network Access Point Manager, Routing Arbiter, Regional

Network Providers, and Very High Speed Backbone Network Services Provider for NSFNET and the

NREN(SM) Program, May 6, 1993 and the NSFNET backbone was

decommissioned.[http://www.merit.edu/networkresearch/projecthistory/nsfnet/nsfnet_article.php Retiring the NSFNET Backbone Service: Chronicling the End

of an Era], Susan R


NSFNET - Privatization and a new network architecture

1 The NAPs were located in New York (actually New Jersey), Washington, D.C., Chicago, and San Jose and run by Sprint

Nextel|Sprint, MFS Datanet, Ameritech, and Pacific

Bell.[http://www.merit.edu/mail.archives/mjts/1994-03/msg00001.html E-mail regarding

Network Access Points from Steve Wolff (NSF) to the com-priv list], sent 13:51 EST 2 March 1994 The NAPs were the forerunners

of modern Internet exchange pointshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-network-access-point-toolkit.html

Security and safety features new to Windows Vista - Authentication and logon

1 Credential Providers may be designed to support Single sign-on

(SSO), authenticating users to a secure network access point

(leveraging RADIUS and other technologies) as well as machine

logon


Internap

1 The company delivers its Performance IP, Web hosting service|

hosting, cloud computing|cloud, colocation and hybrid services

through Private Network Access Points (P-NAP®) in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Australia.


ITU V.70 - V.70 vs VOIP ISDN

1 In the internet model, the user's modem does not connect directly to

a site where there may be parties the user wishes to have a voice

conversation with but instead connects to an intermediate Network

Access Point; as such, the small subset of potential phone

conversations served by DSVD was further reduced.


LONAP

1 'London Network Access Point' (LONAP, once styled LoNAP– and

London Access Point) is a London-based Internet exchange point (IXP) founded in 1997 as a membership

organisation and currently has almost 100 members, making it the 2nd largest IXP in the UK and around the 15th largest IXP in the world by

membershiphttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-network-access-point-toolkit.html

Manchester Network Access Point

1 'Manchester Network Access Point' is the Manchester-based

internet exchange point (IXP). The access point provides an exchange point for internet service providers and businesses in northern England

and the Midlands and is the only access point outside London.


Manchester Network Access Point - History

1 In June 1997 Manchester Network Access Point Ltd (MaNAP) was formed

as a not-for-profit regional Internet exchange. In April 2005, MaNAP was taken over by NWIX Group Ltd and

the network was expanded to better serve the North West region. MaNAP remained on a not-for-profit basis.


Peering agreement - History of peering

1 When the United States government de-funded the NSFNET backbone,

Internet exchange points were needed to replace its function, and initial governmental funding was

used to aid the preexisting MAE and bootstrap three other exchanges,

which they dubbed NAPs, or Network Access Points, in accordance with the

terminology of the National Information Infrastructure document


Peering agreement - Exchange points

1 and Canada data centers|Equinix Ashburn in Washington D.C., and

Japan Network Access Point|JPNAP in Tokyo


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network access point

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