Nelson Mandela 1918 - 2013

THE LONG WALK TO FREEDOM Former South African President Nelson Mandela has died at age 95 of

complications from a recurring lung infection.

Mandela was released from prison in 1990 after nearly 30 years for plotting

to overthrow South Africa's apartheid government. In 1994, in a historic

election, he became the nation's first black leader. Mandela stepped

down in 1999 after a single term and retired from political and public life.

History Born Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918,

he was one of the world's most revered statesmen and revolutionaries who

led the struggle against apartheid in South Africa.

A qualified lawyer from the University College of Fort Hare and the

University of Witwatersrand, Mandela served as the President of South

Africa from 1994 to 1999.

His political career started in 1944 when he joined the African National Congress (ANC) and participated in the

resistance against the then government¹s apartheid policy in 1948. In June 1961, the ANC executive approved his

idea of using violent tactics and encouraged members who wished to involve themselves in Mandela's campaign.

Shortly after, he founded Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the ANC and was named its leader.

In 1962, he was arrested and convicted of sabotage and other charges, and sentenced to five years of rigorous

imprisonment. In 1963, Mandela was brought to stand trial along with many fellow members of Umkhonto we Sizwe

for conspiring against the government and plotting to overthrow it by the use of violence.

Jailed for life On June 12, 1964, eight of the accused, including Mandela, were sentenced to life imprisonment.

His statement from the dock at the opening of the defense trial became extremely popular. He closed his

statement with: "During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to the struggle of the African people. I have fought

against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a

democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an

ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die."

Mandela served 27 years in prison from 1964 to 1982, spending many of

those years at Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town. While in jail, his

reputation grew and he became widely known across the world as the

most significant black leader in South Africa.

He became a prominent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid

movement gained momentum in South Africa and across the world. On the

island, he and other prisoners were subjected to hard labour in a lime

quarry. Racial discrimination was rampant and prisoners were segregated

by race with the black prisoners receiving the fewest rations. Mandela has

written about how he was allowed one visitor and one letter every six

months.

Free and fair Throughout his imprisonment, pressure mounted on the South African

government to release Mandela. The slogan 'Free Nelson Mandela'

became the new battle-cry of the anti-apartheid campaigners. Finally,

Mandela was released on February 11, 1990 in an event streamed live

across the world. After his release, Mandela returned to his life's work,

striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades

earlier. In 1991, the first national conference of the ANC was held inside

South Africa after the organisation had been banned in 1960.

President Mandela Mandela was elected President of the ANC while his friend Oliver Tambo

became the organisation's National Chairperson. Mandela's leadership

and his work, as well as his relationship with the then President FW de

Klerk, were recognised when they were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace

Prize in 1993. South Africa's first multi-racial elections, held on 27 April 1994,

saw the ANC storm in with a majority of 62 per cent of the votes and

Mandela was inaugurated in May 1994 as the country's first black

President.

As president from May 1994 until June 1999, Mandela presided over the

transition from minority rule and apartheid, winning international respect

for his advocacy of national and international reconciliation.

Honours and personal life Mandela has received many national international honours, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, the Order of

Merit from Queen Elizabeth II and the Presidential Medal of Freedom from George W. Bush.

In July 2004, the city of Johannesburg bestowed its highest honour by granting Mandela the freedom of the city at

a ceremony in Orlando, Soweto.

In 1990, he received the Bharat Ratna Award from the

government of India and also received the last ever Lenin

Peace Prize from the Soviet Union.

In 1992, he was awarded the Atatürk Peace Award by Turkey.

He refused the award citing human rights violations committed

by Turkey at the time, but later accepted the award in 1999.

Also in 1992, he received the highest civil service award of

Pakistan. Mandela's autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom,"

was published in 1994. He had begun work on it secretly while in

prison.

Mandela and his wives The young activist married his first wife, Evelyn Mase, in 1944. The

couple, who had four children, divorced in 1958 — shortly

before Mandela became an outlaw with the banning of the ANC.

Mandela's second marriage — and probably his most famous — largely coincided with the time he spent locked

up at the hands of the apartheid regime. In 1958 he walked

down the aisle with Winnie Madikizela, who stood by his side

and actively campaigned to free him from prison.

His third marriage, to Graca Machel — the widow of former

Mozambique President — came on his 80th birthday as entered

his role of world statesman.

Nelson Mandela dies aged 95 Nelson Mandela, who became one of the world's most beloved

statesmen and a colossus of the 20th century when he emerged

from 27 years in prison to negotiate an end to white minority rule

in South Africa, has died. He was 95.

His death closed the final chapter in South Africa's struggle to

cast off apartheid, leaving the world with indelible memories

of a man of astonishing grace and good humour. Rock

concerts celebrated his birthday. Hollywood stars glorified him

on screen. And his regal bearing, graying hair and raspy

voice made him instantly recognizable across the globe.

South African President Jacob Zuma made the

announcement at a news conference Friday morning, saying

"we've lost our greatest son." "Our thoughts are with his friends,

comrades and colleagues who fought alongside Mandiba."

"Our thoughts are with the millions of people across the world

who embraced Madiba as their own, and who saw his cause

as their cause." All national flags in South Africa will be held at

half-mast until Mandela's state funeral.

US President Barack Obama paid tribute to the icon, saying: "I cannot imagine my own life without the example

that Nelson Mandela set. Nelson Mandela lived for that ideal, and he made it real. He achieved more than could

be expected of any man. And today's he's gone home. "He no longer belongs to us, he belongs to the ages."

Fellow African icon Desmond Tutu, instrumental in the reconstruction of South Africa released a lengthy in which he

said the following: "Like a most precious diamond honed deep beneath the surface of the earth, the Madiba who

emerged from prison in January 1990 was virtually flawless." "People cared about Nelson Mandela, loved him,

because of his courage, convictions and care of others’." British Prime Minister David Cameron tweeted: "A great

light has gone out in the world. Nelson Mandela was a hero of our time."

Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott told Fairfax Radio that "Nelson Mandela was one of the great figures of

Africa, arguably one of the great figures of the last century." New

Zealand's Prime Minister has expressed his sorrow at news of Mandela's

passing. "For years he symbolised South Africa’s hope for a future free

from apartheid," he said in a statement. "Mr Mandela was a force for

change, not only in South Africa, but around the world." New Zealand's

Governor-General Jerry Mataparae has paid respect to "a man of great

courage, vision and mana (pride) who peacefully guided South Africa

from the evil of apartheid to a racially inclusive democracy."

The former president had been in a Pretoria hospital for almost three

months, spending his 95th birthday there as he received intensive

treatment for a respiratory illness. He was discharged from hospital on

September 1st, but the South African government said the anti-apartheid

hero remains critically ill and under intensive care at his home, where he

died this morning. President Zuma's office said at the time that Mandela

would receive the same level of care at home as he had in hospital.

On July 5 this year, court documents obtained by AFP revealed

Mandela had been in a 'vegetative state' for a week, and was being

kept alive by his family as they feuded over the burial of two of

Mandela's children. The South African government reacted quickly and

denied the claims, saying Mandela was not 'vegetative'. He has been

hospitalised four times since December, mostly for the pulmonary

condition that has plagued him for years.

QUOTES

Nelson Mandela was incarcerated on Robben Island for 18 of his 27

years in prison. During this time, he contracted tuberculosis and, as a

black political prisoner, received the lowest level of treatment from

prison workers. In 1990, Mandela was released and immediately urged

foreign powers not to reduce pressure on the South African

government for constitutional reform.

Here are some of Mandela's most poignant quotations.

"I was not a messiah, but an ordinary man who had become a leader because of

extraordinary circumstances."

"I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not

linger, for my long walk is not yet ended."

"For to be free is not merely to cast off one's chains, but to live in a way that respects

and enhances the freedom of others."

"If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy.

Then he becomes your partner."

"Man's goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished."

“As we let our own light shine, we unconsciously give other people

permission to do the same.”

"I was made, by the law, a criminal, not because of what I had done, but

because of what I stood for, because of what I thought, because of my

conscience."

"I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it.

The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that

fear."

"After climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to

climb."

“Do not judge me by my successes, judge me by how many times I fell

down and got back up again.”

"It always seems impossible until its done."

“Lead from the back — and let others believe they are in front.”

"There can be no keener revelation of a society's soul than the way in which it treats its children."

"In countries where innocent people are dying, the leaders are following their blood rather than their brains."

“When a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to become an outlaw.”

"To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity."

Mandela's leadership and his work, as well as his relationship with the then President FW De Klerk, were recognised when they were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace PrizNobel Peace PrizNobel Peace PrizNobel Peace Prize e e e in 1993 for ending the apartheid regime.

MADIBA

Note-Taking and Summary Writing

1. Read ‘Jailed for life’. Write SIX notes about the conditions Mandela experienced during his 27 years in prison:

1. Prison inmates were segregated according to race.

2. 3.

4. 5.

6.

2. Read ‘Honours and personal life’. Write SIX notes listing the awards and honours that Mandela received during the last 23 years:

1. 1993 Nobel Peace Prize – joint winner with then South African President FW De Klerk

2.

3. 4.

5. 6

3. Read ‘Nelson Mandela dies aged 95’. Write SIX key quotes made by world leaders about Nelson Mandela’s greatness:

1. New Zealand Prime Minister – Nelson Mandela fought racism and “for a future free from apartheid”

2. 3.

4. 5.

6.

VOCAB EXTENSION WORD MEANING

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Note-Taking and Summary Writing

Write a summary comparing Nelson Mandela’s treatment in prison during the apartheid years in South Africa and his successful fight against apartheid as shown in the opinions of him by

great world leaders. Write about 160 words including the 10 words given below. Begin your summary as follows:

In his forties, Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for fighting against apartheid. During this time he

However, after his release from prison, Nelson Mandela continued to fight for freedom. His

efforts were recognised all over the world by leaders who said

• Write TWO paragraphs – one per topic.

• Use capital letters which touch TWO lines.

• Use connectors to give your work structure and to join ideas.

• Put quotes in quotation marks: New Zealand Prime Minister John Key said, “Mr

Mandela was a force for change”.

Comprehension

1. Nelson Mandela was the former President of which country? (1)

2. How old was Nelson Mandela when he passed away? What caused his death? (2)

3. How old was Nelson Mandela when he was sent to prison? Why was he imprisoned? (2)

4. How old was Nelson Mandela when he was released from prison? What did he do next? (1)

5. What made Nelson Mandela’s election as President of South Africa especially “historic”? (1)

6. Nelson Mandela once said, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination”. What do you think he meant by this statement? (2)

7. In your opinion, what are the main causes of “racial discrimination”? (3)

8. Nelson Mandela said that he “cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which

all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities”. In your opinion, do you think his dream is possible to achieve? Why or Why not? (3)

What’s in a Name?

Mr Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is sometimes called by other names. Each name has its own special meaning and

story. When you use them you should know what you are saying and why. So here is a brief explanation of each

name.

Rolihlahla – This is Mr Mandela’s birth name: it is an isiXhosa name which means “pulling the branch of a tree”, but

colloquially it means “troublemaker”. His father gave him this name.

Nelson – This name was given to him on his first day at school by his teacher, Miss Mdingane. Giving African

children English names was a custom among Africans in those days and was influenced by British colonials who

could not easily, and often would not, pronounce African names. It is unclear why Miss Mdingane chose the name

“Nelson” for Mr Mandela.

Madiba – This is the name of the clan of which Mr Mandela is a member. A clan name is much more important

than a surname as it refers to the ancestor from which a person is descended. Madiba was the name of a Thembu

chief who ruled in the Transkei in the 18th century. It is considered very polite to use someone’s clan name.

Tata – This Xhosa word means “father” and is a term of endearment that many South Africans use for Mr Mandela.

Since he is a father figure to many, they call him Tata regardless of their own age.

Khulu – Mr Mandela is often called “Khulu”, which means great, paramount, grand. The speaker means “Great

One” when referring to Mr Mandela in this way. It is also a shortened form of the Xhosa word “uawomkhulu” for

“grandfather”.

Dalibhunga – This is the name Mr Mandela was given at the age of 16 once he had undergone initiation, the

traditional Xhosa rite of passage into manhood. It means “creator or founder of the council” or “convenor of the

dialogue”. The correct use of this name when greeting Mr Mandela is “Aaah! Dalibhunga”.

Other names – Of course, Mr Mandela’s family use many terms of endearment for him. His grandchildren use

variants of “Grandfather”, like “Granddad” for instance. Mrs Graça Machel frequently uses “Papa”.

VOCAB EXTENSION WORD MEANING

colloquially custom colonials descended ancestor endearment paramount initiation convenor rite of passage variants

READING FOR IDEAS: Passage 1 – Apartheid

1 Apartheid is a policy which aims to have different standards of development for different races. Apartheid which

had been practiced by South Africa for most of the 20th century was carried out through racial segregation in most

aspects of life. Although there are no official reasons for the policy of apartheid, many people believed that it was

an attempt at maintaining white supremacy and domination. In South Africa, however, the situation was

especially bad and racial segregation reared its ugly head in practically everything from social and economic to

political issues.

2 One of the first forms of racial segregation under the Apartheid policy was land ownership. As a result of

Apartheid laws, the South African government established black homelands which were characterised by small

underdeveloped villages set aside for black ethnic groups and Asians living in South Africa. Under this law, more

than 80 percent of land was given to the whites, although they made up less than 20 percent of the

population. To make matters worse, the government made no exceptions even if the land allocated to black

people was not adequate and severely punished those who tried to gain entry into white territory. As such, black

people who were the original owners of the land, were thrown out of their homes to make way for whites.

3 Other areas in which Europeans were better off was education, health care and welfare. While in most countries

children began their education on a level playing field, education is South Africa was segregated. Native African

children were crammed into crumbling, broken down schools, while white children were housed in the best

education institutions with modern facilities and trained teachers. Moreover, although primary education was

officially compulsory, many black children were allowed to drop out of school after a few years with excuses such

as poor intellectual ability or bad behaviour. Universities and other tertiary institutions were also enrolled with mostly

white children who make up more than 90 percent of the population.

4 With the efforts of freedom fighters and several prominent African leaders, including Nelson Mandela, apartheid

was abolished. Contrary to what people hoped for, this did not lead to improved conditions for black people but

meant that the change was only superficial. As native Africans soon found out, apartheid still lingered on in many

parts of South Africa.

5 Education is one such area in which segregation still exists. Native Africans and white Europeans still attend

separate schools and while the black schools are overcrowded with children and understaffed, many white

schools are closing down or are left unused due to poor enrolment. While an obvious solution would be to transfer

black children into these unused buildings, this is not a viable solution. Most of these buildings are in white

neighbourhoods where white parents warn their children to stay away from their black peers and where European

children are taught that they are superior to their black counterparts. On one occasion, black children waited for

hired buses to drive them to their schools only to find military trucks blocking their way.

6 When Nelson Mandela was appointed President, things began to change. Mandela had promised to strive for a

better life for everyone. Nobody expected miracles and the people of South Africa knew that things had to be

done slowly. Almost everyone in South Africa, however, blacks and whites alike, agree that Mandela made some

significant changes that have benefited the country.

7 One of the things that Mandela did was to return to Native Africans their legal right to their land with the

Restitution Land Rights Bill. This Bill allowed black farmers to claim back their original land. More houses have also

been built and while whites are still much richer than black South Africans, they no longer hold a position of

superiority. Mandela also improved the country’s economy by creating more jobs and stabilising it so that foreign

investors would invest. In terms of welfare, children from low income families receive a free lunch every day while

health care for pregnant women and children under six is free.

8 South Africa still has a long way to go and is currently focusing on the problems caused by Apartheid. A modern

society, however, will attract modern problems and South Africa has seen new waves of crime and drug pushing.

Despite this, South Africans are filled with a sense of promise and hope.

READING FOR IDEAS: Passage 1 – Apartheid

Read Passage 1 in the insert and then answer all the questions below.

1 (a) Notes: Identify and write down the various injustices caused by apartheid and how the situation has improved

thus far.

USE ONLY THE MATERIAL FROM PARAGRAPH 2 TO PARAGRAPH 5 INCLUSIVE. At this stage, you need NOT use your own words. To help you get started, the first point in your column of

notes is done for you. You will be awarded up to 15 marks for content points.

MAIN POINTS The various injustices caused by apartheid

0. One of the first forms of racial segregation under the apartheid policy was land ownership

1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

6. 7.

8.

9.

10.

How the situation has improved thus far

0. Mandela made some significant changes that benefited the country

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

READING FOR IDEAS: Passage 1 – Apartheid

1 (b) Summary:

Now use your notes to write a summary, in which you explain the various injustices caused by apartheid and how the situation has improved thus far, as described in the passage.

This time, you will be awarded up to 5 marks for using your own words wherever possible and for accurate use of language.

Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), should be around 160 words, including the 10 words given below. Begin your summary as follows:

Under apartheid, black South Africans suffered many injustices such as ___________________________

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No. of words:

READING FOR IDEAS: Passage 1 – Apartheid

2 From paragraph 1, select and write down one fact and one opinion.

One fact is _________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________ _____________________________ [1]

One opinion is ______________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________ [1]

3 Which of the following statements is correct? Tick the box you have chosen. [1]

The writer believes that no progress has been made since apartheid has been abolished.

The writer is believes that positive progress has been made since apartheid has been abolished.

The writer is undecided about progress in South Africa since apartheid has been abolished.

4 Discrimination is part of all societies.

From your own knowledge or experience, suggest two ways in which a society can fight discrimination. Do not refer to specific examples from the passage in your answer.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ [2]

Creative Writing

TOPIC:

Describe a celebrity you admire very much. Why do you admire this person?

Remember, you are describing their looks, personality and actions in detail.

You are not telling a story. ALWAYS PLAN before you write!

A celebrity I admire very much is Nelson Mandela because…

Nelson Mandela

Why admirable

1.

2.

3.

4. 5.

Looks

1.

2.

3.

4. 5.

Actions

1.

2.

3.

4. 5.

Personality

1.

2.

3.

4. 5.

Nelson Mandela’s Quotes

1.

2. 3.

Other People’s Quotes

1.

2. 3.

Directed Writing

TOPIC: A famous person recently visited your school. You have been asked to write an article for the

school magazine about his visit. In your article, you should include:

• the date and the reason for the visit • the name of the visitor and the type of work he does

• what you and the others students did during the visit and what the visitor did/said • what you and other students learnt from the visit

Your article should be approximately 350 words. ALWAYS PLAN before you write!

During the last week of the 2013 school year, former South African President Nelson Mandela

visited Perdana Wazir High School in Kuala Belait. The reason for his visit was…

Nelson Mandela

What you did

during his visit:

1.

2.

3.

4. 5.

Date and reason for

the visit:

1. 2.

What did you

learn:

1.

2.

3.

4. 5.

Name of the visitor

and his work:

1. 2.

Nelson Mandela’s Quotes to students

1.

2. 3.

Other People’s Quotes about Nelson

Mandela’s visit

1.

2. 3.

World bows in respect to Mandela

Paris (AFP) - Nelson Mandela worked his magic once more Friday, _________________friends and foes alike in a

global outpouring of _________________as they mourned the death of the anti-apartheid icon. Palestinians and

Israelis, Beijing and the Dalai Lama, Washington and Tehran all joined_________________ to remember a man whose

message of equality inspired millions across the globe.

Foreshadowing the guest list of what will surely be the most important _________________of recent decades, foreign

dignitaries as well as celebrities, sports figures and religious leaders queued to issue solemn tributes to the 95-year-

old peace _________________who became South Africa's first democratic_________________. "He no longer belongs

to us; he belongs to the ages," Barack Obama, America's first black president, said in a deliberate echo of an early

tribute paid to Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States, who emancipated

the_________________.

In a rare homage, _________________flew at half-mast in several countries, including the US, France, Britain, Nigeria

and India, which declared five days of national mourning for the man hailed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh

as a "true Gandhian". "In a world marked by division, his was an example of working for reconciliation and

harmony and we are not likely to see another of his kind for a long time to come," Singh said. Over and over,

leaders returned to the dignity Mandela displayed during his 27 years of _________________ by South Africa's former

racist regime and then later, when he led his country to majority rule. United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-

Moon declared Mandela a "giant for justice". "Many around the world were influenced by his selfless struggle for

human dignity, _________________ and freedom. He touched our lives in deeply personal ways," he said.

Britain's Prince William gave what is believed to be the first unscripted reaction by a major royal to a key news

event when he said "his thoughts and prayers are with" Mandela and his_________________. He was told of

Mandela's death while attending the London premiere of the film "Long Walk to Freedom" based on the

icon's_________________. Prime Minister David Cameron, who in 2006 apologised for what he said were the

"mistakes" of his Conservative Party in its response to apartheid in Britain's former colony, said: "A great light has

gone out in the world".

Nigeria's President Goodluck Jonathan dubbed him "one of mankind's greatest liberators" and declared three

days of national mourning, while Guinea's Alpha Conde described Mandela as "the pride and honour of

_________________". Russian President Vladimir Putin recognised the former statesman as "one of the greatest

politicians in modern times" and _________________President Xi Jinping honoured his "historic contribution" to South

Africa and the world.

Retired political figures who remembered Mandela during his imprisonment or worked with him after his 1990

_________________were also effusive. Former US president Bill Clinton said "the world has lost one of its most

important leaders and one of its finest _________________beings" while ex-French president Jacques Chirac also said

"a great light has gone out".

Fill the gaps in this text with words from the box:Fill the gaps in this text with words from the box:Fill the gaps in this text with words from the box:Fill the gaps in this text with words from the box:

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mourning

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dignity

unscripted

The courage to change the world

Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, shared with South Africa's last _________________leader F.W. de Klerk

for their role in ensuring a peaceful transition to elected rule. De Klerk said though his relationship with Mandela

was "often stormy," they were "always able to come together at critical moments." "I believe that his example will

live on and that it will continue to _________________all South Africans to achieve his vision of non-racialism, justice,

human dignity, and equality for all," he added.

Another Nobel laureate paying tribute was Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who like Mandela spent

many years in_________________. She lamented the passing of a "great human being who... made us understand

that we can change the world". The Dalai Lama said "the best tribute we can pay to him is to do whatever we can

to contribute to honouring the _________________of humanity and working for peace and reconciliation as he did."

The Norwegian Nobel committee called Mandela "one of the _________________names in the long history of the

Nobel Peace Prize". Business and religious leaders, the heads of international agencies, writers, thinkers,

entertainers, sports personalities and activists also joined the outpouring of emotion. Pope Francis paid tribute to

Mandela for "forging a new South Africa" and said he hoped his example would inspire the nation to strive for "

_________________and the common good".

Pakistani schoolgirl Malala Yousafzai, who survived being shot in the head by the Taliban to champion girls' rights

to_________________, called him "my leader" who "is a perpetual inspiration for me and millions of others around the

world". Microsoft founder Bill Gates, who has turned over his business acumen and part of his fortune to battling

disease in Africa, said: "His grace and courage changed the_________________." U2 band frontman Bono, who in

2003 organised an AIDS charity concert in honour of Mandela and which was attended by the icon himself, said

he "showed us how to love rather than hate, not because he had never surrendered to rage or violence, but

because he learnt that_________________ would do a better job". Brazilian football legend Pele declared Mandela

"a hero to me. He was a friend and a companion in the popular fight and the fight for world peace".

But for all the sentiment around the world, the _________________was strongest in South Africa itself, where the

celebration of the life of the nation's greatest leader was tempered by concern to preserve his legacy. "Over the

past 24 years Madiba taught us how to come _________________and to believe in ourselves and each other. He

was a unifier from the moment he walked out of prison," said Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

Fill the gaps in Fill the gaps in Fill the gaps in Fill the gaps in this text with words from the box:this text with words from the box:this text with words from the box:this text with words from the box:

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transition

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Obituaries

An Obituary is an announcement, especially in a newspaper, of somebody's

death, often with a short biography.

Plan and write your own Obituary:

1. How old are you and where are you from?

2. How did you die? 3. What do you want people to say about your life?

4. What achievements have you made during your lifetime? 5. Who are your family and friends? (Who will miss you!)

6. Where and when is your funeral?

7. Do you want people to send flowers to your family or make a donation to a cause?

On this sad occasion, we gather to remember the life of…

Apartheid

Who are these famous people?Who are these famous people?Who are these famous people?Who are these famous people?

The people in this table have stood up for their beliefs in freedom and equality. Some are political activists, some are peaceful protestors, some have raised weapons to fight oppression and

others have used their education or wealth to help empower other people.

PERSONPERSONPERSONPERSON LIVEDLIVEDLIVEDLIVED COUNTRYCOUNTRYCOUNTRYCOUNTRY CAUSECAUSECAUSECAUSE 69-30 BC Egypt This strong and beautiful Egyptian Queen sought to defend Egypt from

the expanding Roman Empire.

1412-

1431

France Born to a peasant family in north-east France, this young girl dressed as

a man in order to fight in battles. She inspired a French revolt against

the occupation of the English.

1954 - USA Born into poverty this lady is often praised for overcoming adversity to

become a benefactor to others. She has raised funds to help poverty-

stricken children and is currently North America's only black billionaire.

1858-

1928

England A British political activist and leader of the suffragette movement who

helped women win the right to vote. She was horrified by the poor

social conditions of women in the early 1900’s.

1759 -

1797

England Her writing laid down a clear moral and practical basis for extending

human and political rights to women.

Rosa Parks 1913–

2005

USA In 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, this lady refused to give up her seat

in the ‘coloured section’ of a bus to a white passenger, after the white

section was filled. She became an international icon of resistance to

racial segregation.

1847–

1934

New Zealand Because of this woman, New Zealand was the first country in the world

to grant women the right to vote in 1893. Her actions were related to

improving the situation and status of women.

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc Joan of Arc Joan of Arc Emmeline Pankhurst Emmeline Pankhurst Emmeline Pankhurst Emmeline Pankhurst Mary WollenstonecraftMary WollenstonecraftMary WollenstonecraftMary Wollenstonecraft Cleopatra Cleopatra Cleopatra Cleopatra Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey Kate SheppardKate SheppardKate SheppardKate Sheppard

1961 - USA A graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School he worked

as a civil rights lawyer. In 2009 he became the 44th President of the USA

and the first African American to be President.

1935 Tibet Through peaceful protest, this man has been involved in the battle for

Tibetan independence since the Chinese invasion in 1949. For his

humanitarian efforts he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989.

Emiliano Zapata 1879-

1919

Mexico Emiliano and his Zapatista guerrillas were at the spearhead of the

Liberation Army of the South in the fight against social unbalance.

1874 -

1965

England This man was Prime Minister from 1940, one year after Britain’s

declaration of war on Nazi Germany. He fronted the campaign which

helped save his country from Nazi invasion and occupation.

1929 -

1968

USA A prominent figure in the American civil rights movements of the 1950’s

and 60’s. Representing non-violent protest by African-Americans in

pursuit of equality, he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

? - 1305 Scotland A poor Scottish farmer who became a freedom fighter who pledged

his life to the liberation of his nation from oppressive English rule. He

was eventually captured and tortured before a public execution.

1928 -

1967

Argentina An undeniable icon of the pursuit of freedom, he was an Argentine

revolutionary. A practicing physician, the young doctor saw much

poverty and strife as a result of Capitalist exploitation.

The Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama Martin Luther King Jr. Winston Churchill Martin Luther King Jr. Winston Churchill Martin Luther King Jr. Winston Churchill Martin Luther King Jr. Winston Churchill Che Guevara Che Guevara Che Guevara Che Guevara William Wallace William Wallace William Wallace William Wallace Barack ObamaBarack ObamaBarack ObamaBarack Obama

South Africa

1. Find Brunei and South Africa on the map above. Colour them in.

2. Locate and identify the following facts:

Brunei South Africa

Capital City Total area Population Ethnic groups Official

Languages

Leader Currency Longest river Highest peak

ANSWERS FOR TEACHERS

APARTHEID Puzzle Solution

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation from

1948 to 1994. The rights of the majority black inhabitants were cut and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained. Residential areas were segregated, sometimes by forced removals. Non-white

political representation was abolished in 1970 and black people were deprived of their

citizenship. The government segregated education, medical care and beaches. Black people were provided with services inferior to those of white people. Apartheid sparked significant

internal resistance and violence, and a long arms and trade embargo against South Africa. As unrest spread and became more effective and militarised, the state responded with repression

and violence. In 1990 President Frederik Willem De Klerk began negotiations to end apartheid,

culminating in multi-racial democratic elections in 1994, won by the ANC Party under Nelson Mandela.

MADIBA PUZZLE SOLUTION

Nelson Mandela was often called “MadibaMadibaMadibaMadiba”. Madiba is the name of the clan of which Mr Mandela is a member.

A clan name is much more important than a surname as it refers to the ancestor from which a person is descended. Madiba was the name of a Thembu chief who ruled in the Transkei region

in the 18th century. It is considered very polite to use someone’s clan name. GAP FILL SOLUTION

Paris (AFP) - Nelson Mandela worked his magic once more Friday, uniting friends and foes alike in a global

outpouring of grief as they mourned the death of the anti-apartheid icon. Palestinians and Israelis, Beijing and the

Dalai Lama, Washington and Tehran all joined together to remember a man whose message of equality inspired

millions across the globe.

Foreshadowing the guest list of what will surely be the most important funeral of recent decades, foreign

dignitaries as well as celebrities, sports figures and religious leaders queued to issue solemn tributes to the 95-year-

old peace hero who became South Africa's first democratic president. "He no longer belongs to us; he belongs to

the ages," Barack Obama, America's first black president, said in a deliberate echo of an early tribute paid to

Abraham Lincoln, the president who emancipated the slaves.

In a rare homage, flags flew at half-mast in several countries, including the US, France, Britain, Nigeria and India,

which declared five days of national mourning for the man hailed by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh as a "true

Gandhian". "In a world marked by division, his was an example of working for reconciliation and harmony and we

are not likely to see another of his kind for a long time to come," Singh said. Over and over, leaders returned to the

dignity Mandela displayed during his 27 years of imprisonment by South Africa's former racist regime and then

later, when he led his country to majority rule. United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon declared Mandela a

"giant for justice". "Many around the world were influenced by his selfless struggle for human dignity, equality and

freedom. He touched our lives in deeply personal ways," he said.

Britain's Prince William gave what is believed to be the first unscripted reaction by a major royal to a key news

event when he said "his thoughts and prayers are with" Mandela and his family. He was told of Mandela's death

while attending the London premiere of the film "Long Walk to Freedom" based on the icon's autobiography. Prime

Minister David Cameron, who in 2006 apologised for what he said were the "mistakes" of his Conservative Party in

its response to apartheid in Britain's former colony, said: "A great light has gone out in the world".

Nigeria's President Goodluck Jonathan dubbed him "one of mankind's greatest liberators" and declared three

days of national mourning, while Guinea's Alpha Conde described Mandela as "the pride and honour of Africa".

Russian President Vladimir Putin recognised the former statesman as "one of the greatest politicians in modern

times" and China's President Xi Jinping honoured his "historic contribution" to South Africa and the world.

Retired political figures who remembered Mandela during his imprisonment or worked with him after his 1990

release were also effusive. Former US president Bill Clinton said "the world has lost one of its most important leaders

and one of its finest human beings" while ex-French president Jacques Chirac said "a great light has gone out".

Brunei South Africa

Capital City

Bandar Seri Begawan Pretoria - executive

Bloemfontein – judicial

Cape Town – legislative

Total area 5,765 km2

1,221,037 km2

Population 415,717

52,981,991

Ethnic groups

2004: 66.3% Malay, 11.2%

Chinese, 3.4% indigenous

2011: 79.2% Black African, 8.9%

Coloured, 8.9% White

2.5% Indian or Asian

Official

Languages

Malay - official

English - recognised

11 official languages including

English and Africaans

Leader Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah

President Jacob Zuma

Currency Brunei dollar

South African rand

Longest river Belait River 32 km

Orange River 2,200 km

Highest peak Pagon Peak 1,850 metres

Mount Mafadi 3450m

The Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish

industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the

prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since 1901, it

has been awarded annually to those who have "done the most or the best work

for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies

and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." As of 2013, the prize is

worth about US$1.5 million.