(ORIENTATION OF ICT)

UNIT – I

CHAPTER -1

MS- WINDOWS

Basic Concept of an operating system and its Functions

An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software

resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating

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system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system.

Application programs usually require an operating system to function.

Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and

may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass

storage, printing, and other resources.

Operating System

An operating system is a complex series of programs, which controls the overall

operations of a computer e.g. MS DOS, Windows98 etc.It makes the power of the

computer convenient and available to users. It allows users to communicate with a

computer. It permits users to create files; use and control input/output devices and

execute programs.

Parts of Windows Screen

Desktop: When booting process is over, the first screen that is displayed is called a

desktop. It can be thought of as your working desk. A desktop can have one window

covering the entire screen a number of windows on the screen. The desktop can be

thought of as a work area. It is the area from where you start the work. You can

decorate the desktop with one of the many

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Small pictures buttons on the desktop are called icons

The area on the desktop where the mouse pointer can be moved easily is called the free space

Start button is used to start programs like MS word or MS excel etc.

DISPLAY TIME

Task bar display button of programs you are currently working in .

design available, also called Wallpaper .

TO OPEN START MENU:

To start a program, click the start button, point to Programs, point to the Program

Group that contains the program you want, and then click the program.

TO FIND PROGRAM GROUP:

You can find tour program groups by clicking the Start button, and then pointing to

programs. Your program groups appear as folders on the Programs menu. Point to the

folder that contains the program to open it.

TO START A PROGRAM:

1. Click the Start button, and then point to programs.

2. If the program you want is not on the menu, point to the folder that contains the

program.

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3. Types of operating systems

Real-time

A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims at

executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use

specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic

nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is their

quick and predictable response to events

Multi-user

A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer

system at the same time. Time-sharing systems and Internet servers can be

classified as multi-user systems as they enable multiple-user access to a

computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems have only

one user but may allow multiple programs to run at the same time.

Multi-tasking vs. single-tasking

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A multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running

at the same time, from the point of view of human time scales. A single-

tasking system has only one running program. Multi-tasking can be of two

types: pre-emptive and co-operative.

Distributed

Further information: Distributed system

A distributed operating system manages a group of independent computers

and makes them appear to be a single computer. The development of

networked computers that could be linked and communicate with each other

gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations are carried out on

more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they

make a distributed system.

Embedded

Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer

systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less

autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number of resources. They

are very compact and extremely efficient by design. Windows CE and Minix 3

are some examples of embedded operating systems.

Mainframes

Through the 1950s, many major features were pioneered in the field of operating

systems, including batch processing, input/output interrupt, buffering, multitasking,

spooling, runtime libraries, link-loading, and programs for sorting records in files.

These features were included or not included in application software at the option of

application programmers, rather than in a separate operating system used by all

applications. In 1959 the SHARE Operating System was released as an integrated

utility for the IBM 704, and later in the 709 and 7090 mainframes, although it was

quickly supplanted by IBSYS/IBJOB on the 709, 7090 and 7094.

Digital Equipment Corporation developed many operating systems for its various

computer lines, including TOPS-10 and TOPS-20 time sharing systems for the 36-bit

5

PDP-10 class systems. Prior to the widespread use of UNIX, TOPS-10 was a

particularly popular system in universities, and in the early ARPANET community.

The enormous investment in software for these systems made since the 1960s caused

most of the original computer manufacturers to continue to develop compatible

operating systems along with the hardware. Notable supported mainframe operating

systems include:

Burroughs MCP – B5000, 1961 to Unisys Clearpath/MCP, present.

IBM OS/360 – IBM System/360, 1966 to IBM z/OS, present.

IBM CP-67 – IBM System/360, 1967 to IBM z/VM, present.

UNIVAC EXEC 8 – UNIVAC 1108, 1967, to OS 2200 Unisys Clearpath

Dorado, present.

Microcomputers

PC DOS was an early personal computer OS that featured a command line interface.

6

Mac OS by Apple Computer became the first widespread OS to feature a graphical

user interface. Many of its features such as windows and icons would later become

commonplace in GUIs.

The first microcomputers did not have the capacity or need for the elaborate operating

systems that had been developed for mainframes and minis; minimalistic operating

systems were developed, often loaded from ROM and known as monitors. One

notable early disk operating system was CP/M, which was supported on many early

microcomputers and was closely imitated by Microsoft's MS-DOS, which became

wildly popular as the operating system chosen for the IBM PC (IBM's version of it

was called IBM DOS or PC DOS). In the '80s, Apple Computer Inc. (now Apple Inc.)

abandoned its popular Apple II series of microcomputers to introduce the Apple

Macintosh computer with an innovative Graphical User Interface (GUI) to the Mac

OS.

The introduction of the Intel 80386 CPU chip with 32-bit architecture and paging

capabilities, provided personal computers with the ability to run multitasking

operating systems like those of earlier minicomputers and mainframes. Microsoft

responded to this progress by hiring Dave Cutler, who had developed the VMS

operating system for Digital Equipment Corporation. He would lead the development

of the Windows NT operating system, which continues to serve as the basis for

Microsoft's operating systems line. Steve Jobs, a co-founder of Apple Inc., started

NeXT Computer Inc., which developed the NEXTSTEP operating system.

NEXTSTEP would later be acquired by Apple Inc. and used, along with code from

FreeBSD as the core of Mac OS X.

The GNU Project was started by activist and programmer Richard Stallman with the

goal of creating a complete free software replacement to the proprietary UNIX

operating system. While the project was highly successful in duplicating the

functionality of various parts of UNIX, development of the GNU Hurd kernel proved

to be unproductive. In 1991, Finnish computer science student Linus Torvalds, with

cooperation from volunteers collaborating over the Internet, released the first version

of the Linux kernel. It was soon merged with the GNU user space components and

system software to form a complete operating system. Since then, the combination of

the two major components has usually been referred to as simply "Linux" by the

software industry, a naming convention that Stallman and the Free Software

Foundation remain opposed to, preferring the name GNU/Linux. The Berkeley

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Software Distribution, known as BSD, is the UNIX derivative distributed by the

University of California, Berkeley, starting in the 1970s. Freely distributed and ported

to many minicomputers, it eventually also gained a following for use on PCs, mainly

as FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD.

Microsoft Windows

Custom Start Screen shown. Running on Windows 8.1

Introduction of Windows:

Windows is the operating system sold by the Seattle-based company Microsoft. The

first version of Microsoft Windows (Microsoft Windows 1.0) came out in November

1985. It had a graphical user interface, inspired by the user interface of the Apple

computers of the time.

8

Basic Components Of windows

The screen you see at the start of the computer is known as Desktop screen. The screen has the “start” icon at the left bottom of the window which is the

entry point for all the window operations.

You have desktop shortcuts and files and folders along with “My computer”,

“My Documents”, “Recycle Bin”, “My Network Places” etc.

Shortcuts can been recognized by a small arrow at the left hand bottom of the

icon, while files/folders does not have these.

Radio buttons, Checkboxes, Drop down Selections, clicking menu with tick

mark, text button, text area, hyperlinks. “+/-” symbol beside a folder means

expand and reduce.

Can open as many windows as you feel necessary. This is called as multi-

tasking.

The taskbar is the bottom of the screen.  It has the ‘start’ button at the left

side. 

“Cascade windows” by right click of the mouse on the taskbar.

“The windows horizontally” option on rt click fixes the windows horizontally

to the window.

9

“The windows vertically” option on rt click fixed the windows vertically to the

window.

“show desktop” will clear all the windows on the desktop screen by

minimizing.

“Task Manager” will let you set the process, programs, id nos and manage

them.

“properties” will let you set :

Basically an intermediary agent between the user and the computer hardware.

Manages the computer’s resources (hardware, abstract

resources, software)

It’s a resource allocator.

It is also used to control programs to prevent errors and

improper computer use.

It is interrupt driven.

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BASIC WINDOWS ACCESSORIES

11

CHAPTER –2

(MS-OFFICE)

1. Introduction To Ms Word

MS WORD or Microsoft word 2000 is Windows Based Electronic Word Processing

Application .Along with the features common to all word processors; it has certain

other powerful features such as:

Display only the frequent used commands for easy accessibility while other is

hidden.

The detect and repair option in the help menu detects and repairs problem

associated with installed Microsoft office 2000 programs, such as missing files

and registry settings.

It does not repairs personal files, such as documents and work sheets.

Multiple clip board that can store up to 12c items, which can be pasted when

needed.

You can save any document directly to the web server.

In Word 2000 the features are very rarely used are installed only when they are used

for the first time. This enables word to conserve memory by not doing those features

that are very rarely used by the user.

Just follow these steps to start MS-WORD:

Click on the start button on the task bar.

Move to the Programs item in the start menu. A submenu will open.

Move to the Microsoft word item in the sub menu & click

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Sample programs menu to start Microsoft Word

Contents of word document

Title bar: Title bar shows the name of the document & situated at the top of

the window application.

Menu bar: Menu bar contains the various commands under the various topics

to perform some special tasks . It is located under the title bar.

Toolbar: Toolbar is nothing more than the shortcut of the Menu option to

execute or perform the menu option in the easiest & faster way. There are

basically two types of toolbars:

MS-WORD’S SCREEN

Working with word document:

Creating document

Moving around the documents

Saving documents

Closing documents

Creating documents:13

When you start word, a blank document appears ready for you to start typing.

A blinking vertical bar called the insertion point indicates where the text will

appear when you type. Unlike a typewriter, you do not have to start a new line

when you reach the right margin MS-WORD automatically wraps text to the

next line. This is known as wrap wrapping. Press enter when you want to start

new paragraph.

Opening an existing document

To open an existing document, perform any one of the following actions:

Select open from the file menu.

Or press CTRL+O.

OPEN DIALOG BOXQuitting word,

Select exit from the file menu bar.

Before exiting, Word closes all the open files. If ant file has not been saved,

the office assistant confirms from the user whether the file is to be saved or

not.

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Save changes confirmation dialog box

Saving data source:

When the save as dialog box will appear enter the name of file in the field

name box and the click the save command button to save the data source.

Save as dialog box to save the data source

Printing:To print the single copy of the current document, click the Print button on the

standard toolbar.

To print selected pages or multiple copies of the document:

Choose Print from the File menu. Print dialog box will appear.

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Specify the no. of copies of each page to be printed in the Number of copies

box.

Click the OK command button to start printing.

Print dialog box

2. MS-POWERPOINT

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PowerPoint views

Microsoft PowerPoint comes with different views to help you while you are creating a

presentation. The two main views you use in PowerPoint are normal view and slide

sorter view. To easily switch between views, you click the buttons at the lower left of

the PowerPoint window.

Normal view

Normal view contains three panes: the outline pane, the slide pane, and the notes

pane. These panes let you work on all aspects of your presentation in one place. You

can adjust the size of the different panes by dragging the pane borders.

Outline pane   Use the outline pane to organize and develop the content of your

presentation. You can type all of the text of your presentation and rearrange bullet

points, paragraphs, and slides.

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Notes pane   The notes pane lets you add your speaker notes or information you want

to share with the audience. If you want to have graphics in your notes, you must add

the notes in notes page view.

At any time while you are creating your presentation, you can start your slide show

and preview your presentation by clicking Slide Show .

Open a presentation on your hard disk or a network

1. On the Standard toolbar, click Open .

2. Click a shortcut on the Places Bar or, in the Look in box, click the drive,

folder, or Internet location that contains the presentation you want.

3. In the folder list, locate and open the folder that contains the presentation.

If you can't find the presentation in the folder list, you can search for it.

How?

4. Double-click the presentation you want to open.

Tip   To open a file you've used recently, click History on the Places Bar. You can

also click the file name at the bottom of the File menu. If the list of recently used files

isn't displayed, click Options on the Tools menu, click the General tab, and then select

the recently used file list check box.

Create a new presentation

You can create a new presentation in several ways. You can start by working with the

AutoContent wizard, in which you begin with a presentation that contains suggested

content and design. You can also start with an existing presentation and change it to

suit your needs. Another way to start a presentation is by selecting a design template

that determines the presentation's design but doesn't include content. You can also

begin with an outline you import from another application or with a blank

presentation that has neither suggested content nor design.

Save a copy of a presentation18

1. On the File menu, click Save As.

2. In the File name box, enter a new name for the presentation.

3. Click Save.

Tip   To save the copy in a different folder, click a different drive in the Save in box

or a different folder in the folder list, or both. To save the copy in a new folder, click

Create New Folder.

Start a presentation broadcast

Before you start a presentation broadcast, you must have already set up and scheduled

the broadcast. It's recommended that you do the first three steps of this procedure

about 30 minutes before the broadcast is scheduled to start.

1. Open the presentation that you want to broadcast.

2. On the Slide Show menu, point to Online Broadcast, and then click Begin

Broadcast.

Your presentation is saved in HTML format at the server location you

designated. Microsoft PowerPoint checks audio and video to make sure they

are working.

3. If you have any last-minute information you want to send to your audience,

click Audience Message, type the message, and then click Update. The

message will be displayed on the lobby page.

4. When you are ready to begin the broadcast, click Start.

Create handouts of slides

1. On the View menu, point to Master, and then click Handout Master.

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To preview the layout you want, click the buttons on the Handout Master

toolbar.

2. Add the items you want on the handout master — art, text, headers or footers,

date, time, or page number.

Items you add appear only on the handouts; no changes are made to the slide

master.

3. On the Master toolbar, click the Close button.

4. On the File menu, click Print.

5. In the Print what box, click Handouts.

6. In the Slides per page box, click the number of slides you want on the

handout.

7. If you choose four, six, or nine slides per page, click Horizontal or Vertical to

specify the order in which you want the slides to appear on the page.

Note   You can also change the orientation of the paper when you print

handouts. Click Page Setup on the File menu, and then click Landscape or

Portrait under Notes, handouts & outline.

3. MS-EXCEL

What is Microsoft Excel?

MS Excel is spreadsheet software developed & sold by Microsoft.

MS Excel is a part of MS Office.

MS Excel performs all basic functions of a spreadsheet.

Many advanced features for analysis and calculations are also available.

Starting Excel

MS Excel can be started by one of the following methods.

Select Excel from programs option of the Start Menu.

OR

Click the New Office Document button in the office shortcut toolbar.

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Then click Blank Workbook.

Diagram – The Excel Window

Mouse pointer It is shaped like a white plus and changes to arrow outside the spread sheet.

Cell : It is the intersection point of rows and column called a cell.

Cell pointer : Denotes the currently selected (called the current cell).

An entry made in Excel automatically goes into the current cell.

A cell is referred to by its address, which is the combination of the

Column and the row number to which the cell belongs.

Toolbars : The standard and formatting toolbars provide the currently used.

Commands

Pull down menus: Menus give access to all the commands available in MS excel.

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CELLS

ROW NUMBERS

SHEET INDICATORS HORIZONTAL SCROLL BAR

VERTICAL SCROLL BAR

FORMATTING TOOLBAR

FORMULA \ ENTRY BAR

PULL DOWN MENUS

COLUMN HEADINGS

Scroll bars: The scroll bars can be used to move around in a large sheet

.

Formula\ entry bar : Displays, the complete contents of the current cell.

In case of mathematical formulas, the cell shows the result of the

Formula, but the formula bar shows the formula itself.

Name box : Displays the address or name of current cell (cell with cell

pointer).

ENTERING & EDITING TEXT/DATA

Moving around in Excel

Click on any visible cell, to move cell pointer to that cell.

To expose cell outside the screen use the scroll bars.

To use the keyboard for moving around.

To move Press on keyboard

Left one cell Left arrow

Right one cell Right arrow

Up one cell Up arrow

Down one cell Down arrow

Up one screen Page up

Down one screen Page down

To first cell in a row Home

To start of the worksheet Ctrl+ home

To the last cell containing data Ctrl+ End

To quickly reach a cell

Click on the name box.

Type in the cell address.

Press Enter.

Entering text

Select the cell, where text is required and begin typing.

Text will appear in the active cell and in the formula bar above.

Press Backspace to correct any error while entering text.

Press enter from key board or tick mark on formula bar to accept entry.22

Press Esc from keyboard or cross mark on formula bar to reject entry.If text is

longer than cell size, it overflows to next cell (provided it’s empty).

Entering numeric data

Type number directly into cells.

If entry is purely numeric, Excel automatically categorized it as numeric.

Excel performs calculations only on numeric entries.

Editing text

Select the cell and:-

Enter new text to automatically over write old text.

Double click in cell. Cursor appears in cell, for editing.

Click in the formula bar to edit.

Press the F2 key for editing.

Erasing text

To delete cell or range, select the cell or range and do any one of the following.

a) Press delete key.

b) Select clear, then contents command from edit menu.

c) Select clear contents command from quick menu.

Cut/copy /paste

The cut, copy or paste trio works the same way as in MS word.

These commands are available in the standard toolbar, on in the Edit menu.

The commands are also available in the quick menu.

Press enter on target cell to quickly paste the clipboard contents.

Undo/Redo

The Undo and Redo commands work in the same way like in Word.

These commands are available in the standard toolbar, or in the Edit menu.

Up to 16 actions can be undone.

Calculations

To perform any calculation in Excel, a formula has to be entered.

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A formula must start with an equal sign (=).

A formula defines, in mathematical terms, the calculation which is required to be done.

The result of the formula is displayed in the cell, where it is entered.

The formula appears as entered in the formula bar.

To change the formula, click in the formula bar and edit.

FORMATTING

Text formats

The text formats of excel are same as those available in Word.

The formatting toolbar contains all the text formatting buttons.

Select cells to format and click the required format button.

The formats available are:-

Bold - Changes the appearance of text to bold.

Italics - Changes the appearance of text to italics.

Underline - Changes the appearance of text to underline.

Font - Changes the style of writing.

Size - Changes the size of typed matter.

Font color - Changes the color of text in selected cells.

Fill color - changes the background color of selected cells.

Alignment – The left, center and right align commands are same as in Word.

Any text matter is left aligned by default, & numeric Data is right

Number formats-

Excel always stores and calculates numbers at they prevision they are typed.

For instances if you type 3.141592654 that is stored in the cell, even if you see

something else (You may see 3.142).

The number 368204763 may appear as 3.68 E08 which is the exponential

notation for the typed number. Internally Excel retains the original number.

Number format decides how it will be displayed.

Format through number format buttons in the format toolbar.

Diagram-chart wizard STEP-1

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Data Filtering

To view only part of data, which matches criteria, use filtering options.

Excel provides the Audio Filer option, in the filter Command of the data

Menu, for automatically filtering the data by specifying required criteria.

When auto Filter is enabled, Excel automatically places selection arrows on

the right of every heading in the list.

Clicking the selection arrow provides.

Select any entry in the list to automatically filter the data matching the

selected item.

When a filter has been applied, the color of the selection arrow changes.

Provide multiple, filter, one after the other.

To remove a Filter, select the option all.

For specific requirements, we can also use the custom option.

In the above example, clicking on any qtr entry in the list will filter the records to show

data only that qtr.

For filter on revenue, click selection arrow of the revenue column and select custom.

Diagram:

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To list all records where revenue is greater than 2500.

Select greater than in condition box, and type 2500 in value box.

Click ok.

Excel filters the records to show only desired data.

To list all records where revenue is between 2000 and 2500.

Select greater than in condition box. And type 2000 in value box. Click And.

Select less than in condition box and type 2500 in value box.

Click ok.

Excel filter the records in show you only desired data.

UNIT- 2

26

INTEGRATION OF ICT

WITH SCHOOL TEACHING SUBJECT

27

BASIC OF PRESENTATION

(SLIDE MANIPULATION)

1. Slide Manipulation and Presentation

Inserting A New Slide

1. Click Insert at top of screen

2. Select New Slide

Formatting A Slide Background You can format your slide to make it look however you would like, whether it be a

background color, picture, or a design template built into Microsoft PowerPoint. The

next step will show you how to apply a Design Template, but the other items

mentioned above can be accomplished the same way.

1. Click Format at the top of the screen

2. Select Apply Design Template

3. Select Design you wish to apply

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4. Click Apply Button

1.2 Slideshow Presentation

Viewing The Slide Show

You can view your slide show by any of the following ways:

1. Click Slide Show at the lower left of the PowerPoint window.

2. On the Slide Show menu, click View Show.

3. On the View menu, click Slide Show.

4. Press F5 on the keyboard

Navigating While In Your Slide Show

Forward Navigation o Simply click on the left Mouse Button or hit the Enter Button on your

keyboard

Reverse Navigation o Hit the Backspace on the keyboard

Exiting the show o Hit the Esc Button on the keyboard

Pack up a presentation for use on another computer

1. Open the Presentation you want to pack

2. On the File menu, click Pack and Go

3. Follow the instructions in the Pack and Go Wizard.

Unpack a presentation to run on another computer

1. Insert the disk or connect to the network location you packed the presentation to

2. In My Computer, go to the location of the packed presentation, and then double-click

Pngsetup

3. Enter the destination you want to copy the presentation to

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Slide sorter view

In slide sorter view, you see all the slides in your presentation on screen at the same

time, displayed in miniature. This makes it easy to add, delete, and move slides, add

timings, and select animated transitions for moving from slide to slide. You can also

preview animations on multiple slides by selecting the slides you want to preview and

then clicking Animation Preview on the Slide Show menu.

At any time while you are creating your presentation, you can start your slide show

and preview your presentation by clicking Slide Show .

Open a presentation on your hard disk or a network

5. On the Standard toolbar, click Open .

6. Click a shortcut on the Places Bar or, in the Look in box, click the drive,

folder, or Internet location that contains the presentation you want.30

7. In the folder list, locate and open the folder that contains the presentation.

If you can't find the presentation in the folder list, you can search for it.

How?

8. Double-click the presentation you want to open.

Tip   To open a file you've used recently, click History on the Places Bar. You can

also click the file name at the bottom of the File menu. If the list of recently used files

isn't displayed, click Options on the Tools menu, click the General tab, and then select

the Recently used file list check box.

Create a new presentation

You can create a new presentation in several ways. You can start by working with the

AutoContent wizard, in which you begin with a presentation that contains suggested

content and design. You can also start with an existing presentation and change it to

suit your needs. Another way to start a presentation is by selecting a design template

that determines the presentation's design but doesn't include content. You can also

begin with an outline you import from another application or with a blank

presentation that has neither suggested content nor design.

Save a copy of a presentation

On the File menu, click Save As.

 Show Me

4. In the File name box, enter a new name for the presentation.

5. Click Save.

Tip   To save the copy in a different folder, click a different drive in the Save in box

or a different folder in the folder list, or both. To save the copy in a new folder, click

Create New Folder .

31

3. Presentation broadcast

Before you start a presentation broadcast, you must have already set up and scheduled

the broadcast. It's recommended that you do the first three steps of this procedure

about 30 minutes before the broadcast is scheduled to start.

5. Open the presentation that you want to broadcast.

6. On the Slide Show menu, point to Online Broadcast, and then click Begin

Broadcast.

Your presentation is saved in HTML format at the server location you

designated. Microsoft PowerPoint checks audio and video to make sure they

are working.

7. If you have any last-minute information you want to send to your audience,

click Audience Message, type the message, and then click Update. The

message will be displayed on the lobby page.

8. When you are ready to begin the broadcast, click Start.

Create handouts of slides

On the View menu, point to Master, and then click Handout Master.

To preview the layout you want, click the buttons on the Handout Master

toolbar.

Show Me

8. Add the items you want on the handout master — art, text, headers or footers,

date, time, or page number.

Items you add appear only on the handouts; no changes are made to the slide

master.

9. On the Master toolbar, click the Close button.

10. On the File menu, click Print.

32

11. In the Print what box, click Handouts.

12. In the Slides per page box, click the number of slides you want on the

handout.

13. If you choose four, six, or nine slides per page, click Horizontal or Vertical to

specify the order in which you want the slides to appear on the page.

Note   You can also change the orientation of the paper when you print handouts.

Click Page Setup on the File menu, and then click Landscape or Portrait under Notes,

handouts & outline.

33

UNIT -3

MULTIMEDIA & INTERNET

34

MULTIMEDIA

Multimedia technology has become increasingly popular. This paper presents a course

outline in multimedia. It includes a description of the subjects and resource

requirements. The main objective of the course is to prepare students to become

multimedia designers and engineers in their areas of expertise.

Introduction

Multimedia has gained its popularity not only because its attractive features (eg.,

images, animation, sound), but also its usefulness in many areas (eg., sciences, arts,

business). Practitioners from diverse disciplines and backgrounds are motivated by

the promise of multimedia. Many of these people are interested in new applications or

enhancing existing ones with multimedia.

The main objective of this course is to prepare students to become multimedia

designers and engineers in their areas of expertise. This one-year full-time diploma

course is targeted to students from multi disciplines.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows: section 2 describes the course structure

and section 3 explains the resources needed to support the course. Finally, section 4

gives the conclusions.

Components of Multimedia

The course comprises 6 subjects and 1 full-year project (equivalent to two subjects).

The subjects include:

1. Introduction to Multimedia Information Systems,

2. Multimedia Programming,

3. Multimedia Design,

4. Multimedia Technology,

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5. Multimedia Networking,

Topics: Multimedia Computers, Multimedia Technology, Media Taxonomy, and

Multimedia Applications.

The aim of this subject is to provide an introduction to multimedia information

systems, which includes multimedia technology, multimedia media, and applications.

Multimedia Programming

Topics: Introduction to programming, Program constructs, Multimedia objects, User

interface programming, and Authoring.

Multimedia programming gives different emphasis from that of conventional

programming. Multimedia programming is an exercise in building multimedia

applications using visual languages and/or multimedia packages. Multimedia

programming deals with user interface programming. The languages used are very

much visual based, rather than imperative based.

At the end of the semester, students are expected to master one visual programming

language and one authoring package.

Multimedia Design

Topics: Scripting, User Interface, User Needs Analysis, Modelling, and Design.

This subject teaches how to design multimedia applications. To give a deep

knowledge of multimedia design, an application in hypermedia is chosen.

Hypermedia is selected because it is the science of relationships (Buford, 1994;

Ginige et al., 1995). It concerns structuring, presenting, and giving users direct access

to content and interconnections within an information domain. Hypermedia

functionalities, such as navigation, annotation, and information overviews, enhance

applications.

Multimedia Technology

Topics: Digital Video, Image Compression, File systems and Operating systems for

continuous media applications.36

The study on digital video and image compression is important because reducing the

amount of data needed to reproduce images or video saves storage spaces, increases

access speed, and it is the only way to achieve digital motion video on personal

computers (Buford, 1994; Fuhrt, 1994). Compression techniques clearly plays a

crucial role in digital multimedia applications, since audio, image and video signals

require vast amount of data. A number of compression techniques exist, such as

JPEG, MPEG, etc (Buford, 1994; Fuhrt, 1994). Digital data compression relies on

various computational algorithm, implemented either in hardware or in software.

Multimedia Networks

Topics: Multimedia Networking, Real-Time, Synchronization, Teleconferencing, and

Distributed Multimedia.

Multimedia systems include multiple sources of various media either spatially or

temporally to create composite multimedia documents. Consequently,

synchronization plays an important part in orchestrating different medium to perform

harmoniously (Buford, 1994).

Software for Multimedia

Topics: Software engineering, Project management, Team work, Software process,

and Quality control (Testing).

This is a one-year project where students develop professional multimedia projects.

Apart from developing projects, students are also taught project management, and

conventional software engineering.

MS Publisher

Our main goal is to find new ways to help publishers focussing on their core competencies and to concentrate on their customers. Our clients rely on knkPublishing:

to realize cost savings and improve processes by using international publishing industry best practices and benefit from a single, transparent source of data to avoid redundant information and prevent duplicates.

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To profit from award-winning Microsoft Dynamics business software that already supports more than 1,000,000 users worldwide to focus on their business – target new markets by getting in-depth insight into your existing business and reduce total cost of ownership.

To understand and measure the life-time value of each customer, product, and service based on comprehensive real-time data from all modules, and

To build up new sources of revenue by conducting market research and executing marketing campaigns targeted on customer’s preferences.

Publishers in the following sections gain the benefit of Microsoft certified knkPublishing software:

Academic Publishing Book Publishing Calendar publishing Consumer magazine publishing Eductional Publishing Professional publishing Religious publishing Software & games publishing Trade Publishing

MS Photo Draw

An example-packed guide to creating and editing graphics using Microsoft PhotoDraw shows the key features of the software and demonstrates how to apply good design principles to projects. Original. 10,000 first printing. (Intermediate).

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Ms Front Page

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INTERNET

Concept of Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the

standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide. It

is a network of networks[1] that consists of millions of private, public, academic,

business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array

of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an

extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked

hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), the

infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing and

telephony.

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Uses of InternetInternet is today one of the most important part of our daily life. There are large

numbers of things that can be done using the internet and so it is very important. You

can say that with the progress in the internet we are progressing in every sphere of life

as it not only makes our tasks easier but also saves a lot of time. Today internet is

used for different purposes depending upon the requirement. Here in this very article

we have mentioned then ten best uses of the internet. Here goes the list.

1. Communication

At the moment the easiest thing that can be done using the internet is that we can

communicate with the people living far away from us with extreme ease. Earlier the

communication used to be a daunting task but all that chanced once internet came into

the life of the common people. Now people can not only chat but can also do the

video conferencing. It has become extremely easy to contact the loved ones who are

in some other part of the world. Communication is the most important gift that the

internet has given to the common man. Email, social networking sites are some of the

prime example of it. This is one such gift of the internet which is cherished by

everyone and has made our life easier to much extent.

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2. Research

Now the point that has been placed next is research. In order to do research you need

to go through hundreds of books as well as the references and that was one of the

most difficult jobs to do earlier. Since the internet came into life, everything is

available just a click away. You just have to search for the concerned topic and you

will get hundreds of references that may be beneficial for your research. And since

internet is here to make your research public, you can then benefit a large amount of

people from the research work that you have done. Research is one such thing which

has got lots of benefit from this evolution of internet. Research process has now got

wings and has gained the most due to the internet.

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3. Education

The next point that we have in this list is education. Yes you read it right. Education is

one of the best things that the internet can provide. There are a number of books,

reference books, online help centres, expert’s views and other study oriented material

on the internet that can make the learning process very easier as well as a fun learning

experience. There are lots and lots of websites which are related to different topic.

You can visit them and can gain endless amount of knowledge that you wish to have.

With the use of internet for education, you are non-longer dependent on some other

person to come and teach you. There are various number of tutorials available over

the internet using which you can learn so many thing very easily. There can’t be any

excellent use of the internet other than education as it is the key to achieve everything

in life.

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4. Financial Transaction

The next use mentioned here is financial transaction. Financial transaction is the term

which is used when there is exchange of money. With the use of internet in the

financial transaction, your work has become a lot easier. Now you don’t need to stand

in the queue at the branch of your particular bank rather you can just log in on to the

bank website with the credential that has been provided to you by the bank and then

can do any transaction related to finance at your will. With the ability to do the

financial transaction easily over the internet you can purchase or sell items so easily.

Financial transaction can be considered as one of the best uses of resource in the right

direction.

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