In olandese ci sono due tipi di sillabe:sillabe chiuse: sillabe che terminano con una consonantesillabe aperte: sillabe che terminano con un dittongo o una vocale.Le vocali a, e, o, u quando hanno un suono lungo sono rappresentate da due lettere in una sillaba chiusa ed una lettera in una sillaba aperta.Quando le stesse vocali a, e, o, u hanno un suono breve, si ritrovano in una sillaba chiusa.STEM RULES ( verb - EN : stem)1) Long vowel infinitives require long vowel stems (maken - maak).2) A stem never ends in two identical consonants (pakken -pak; stoppen-stop).3) A stem never ends in V or Z (leven -lev- lef; durven - durv -durf).4) The stem of an -in verb ends in ie (ruzin - ruzie; skin - skie).Conjugation of a t-verb and a d-verb simple presentik[stem]weinfinitiveje[stem] + tjullieinfinitivehij[stem] + tzeinfinitiveex pocketfish t-verb stem consonantsConjugation of a t-verb simple pastik[stem] + tewe[stem] + tenje[stem] + tejullie[stem] + tenhij[stem] + teze[stem] + tenConjugation of a d-verb simple pastik[stem] + dewe[stem] + denje[stem] + dejullie[stem] + denhij[stem] + deze[stem] + denPast participle rules1) past participle = ge + [stem] + t / d (maken - gemaakt; luisteren - geluistered).2) A past participle never ends in double t or double d (rusten - gerust (not gerustt)).3) Prefixes be-, er-, ge-, her-, ont- and ver replace the -ge : stem + t/d : (betalen -betaald).4)In the category of her-words, there are a few exceptions:infinitivein englishpast participleherbergento accommodate geherbergdherhuisvesten to relocategeherhuisvestherstructureren to restructuregeherstructureerdfalta reflexivohttp://www.dutchgrammar.com/en/?n=Pronouns.It01" http://www.dutchgrammar.com/en/?n=Pronouns.It01het onsde onzeaan het : continuousPiets vrouw heet Pauline. Piet's wife is called Pauline.Marius' fiets is stuk. Marius' bike is broken.De tuin van zijn vader is prachtig. His father's garden is fabulous.S is only used after a first name and do not need apostrophe ' if the before word ends withs, thus Marius' fiets. In all other cases to expression with van, e.g. De auto van meneer Smid. But you can also use van with first name, but not formal, e.g. De auto van Marius.In spoken Dutch, unemphatic forms ofzijn (z'n) 'his', haar (d'r) 'her', hun 'their'are put between the possessor (only when this possessor is a person) and the thing possessed, e.g.Marius z'n fiets is stuk. Marius' bike is broken.Die man z'n auto was duur. That man's car was expensive.Charlotte d'r pop is stuk. Charlotte's doll is broken.De kinderen hun fietsen zijn stuk. The children's bikes are broken.http://www.manchesterwritingcompetition.co.uk/Fiction-Prize.php" http://www.manchesterwritingcompetition.co.uk/Fiction-Prize.php