NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATIONN:Near

F:Field

C:Communication

Prepared by: Ronak patel

Contents•Introduction•History•Features•How NFC works•Evolution•Modes of NFC•Application of NFC•Operating modes•Advantages and disadvantages

Introductiono NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range

high frequency wireless communication technology.

o NFC is mainly aimed for mobile or handheld devices.

o A radio communication is established by touching the two phones or keeping them in a proximity of a few centimeters (up to 10 cm) .

o It allows for simplified transactions, data exchange, and wireless connections between two devices.

o Allows communication betweeno Two powered (active) deviceso Powered and non self-powered (passive) devices

NFC trademark logo

History of NFC

• 1983The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID was granted to

Charles Walton.

• 2004 Nokia, Philips and Sony established the Near Field Communication (NFC)

Forum.

• 2006Nokia 6131 was the first NFC phone.

• 2010 Samsung Nexus S: First Android NFC phone shown

• 2011NFC support becomes part of the Symbian mobile operating system with the release of Symbian Anna version.

NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology that combines the interface of a smartcard and a reader into a single device. This allow two-way communication between endpoints, where earlier systems were one-way only.

It operates within the globally available and unlicensed radio frequency band of 13.56 MHz, with a bandwidth of 14 kHz.

 Working distance with compact standard antennas: up to 10 cm .

 Supported data rates: 106, 212 and 424 Kbit/s

For two devices to communicate using NFC, one device must have an NFC reader/writer and one must have an NFC tag

Features

• NFC is based on RFID technology that uses magnetic field induction to enable communication between electronic devices in close proximity. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz

• For two devices to communicate using NFC, one device must have an NFC reader/writer and one must have an NFC tag. The tag is essentially an integrated circuit containing data, connected to an antenna, that can read and written by the reader.

• Maximum transfer bit rate of 800kbps.

• No special software is required.

6

HOW NFC WORKS?

EVOLUTION OF NFC TECHNOLOGY

• In 2004, NFC Forum was formed by Nokia, Philips, Sony,to set standards for NFC . Every NFC enabled device will have “N-Mark” trademark ,developed by NFC Forum.

N MARK TRADEMARK

EVOLUTION OF NFC TECHNOLOGY

• In 2006First mobile phone( nokia 6131) with NFC released

by NOKIA.

EVOLUTION OF NFC TECHNOLOGY

• In 2010

First android phone SAMSUNG NEXUS S with NFC support released.

MODES OF OPERATIO

N

PASSIVE MODE

ACTIVE MODE

Modes of NFC• Active Communication Mode: Both initiator and

target device communicate by alternately generating their own fields. A device deactivates its RF field while it is waiting for data. In this mode, both devices typically have power supplies.

Two NFC enabled devices transferring data in active mode

.

A NFC-enabled mobile phone is paired with a RFID-tagged "smart poster"

Modes of NFC•Passive Communication Mode: The initiator device provides a carrier fields and the target device answers by modulating the existing field. In this mode, the target device may draw its operating power from the initiator-provided electromagnetic field.

APPLICATION OF NFC

NFC applications can be split into the following three basic categories:

Touch and GoTouch and ConfirmTouch and Connect

APPLICATION OF NFCTouch and Go Applications such as access control or

transport/event ticketing, where the user needs only to bring the device storing the ticket or access code close to the reader. Example for picking up an Internet URL from a smart label on a poster.

Touch and go Mode of application

APPLICATION OF NFCTouch and Confirm Applications such as mobile payment where the

user has to confirm the interaction by entering a password or just accepting the transaction.

APPLICATION OF NFCTouch and Connect

Linking two NFC-enabled devices to enable peer to peer transfer of data such as downloading music, exchanging images or synchronizing address books.

Data transfer via NFC

Operating Modes of NFC devicesCard Emulation mode

Peer to Peer mode

Reader Writer mode

CARD EMULATION MODE• The NFC device behaves as a contactless smart card. • The external card reader accesses the secure elements

of the device, such as Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) and embedded Secure Element (eSE), that are compatible with the contactless card technology.

• This enables contactless payments and ticketing by NFC enabled phones without changing the existing infrastructure. Mobile payment, ticketing access control etc are use case of this category.

PEER TO PEER MODE• In this mode two NFC enabled devices can exchange data with

each other.• Both devices take part in the communication.• One example could be business card exchange. • Another example could be pairing Bluetooth headset with the

help of NFC enabled phone.• Third example could be NFC chat application where two

phones can take part in data exchange as specified by NFC forum.

READER WRITER MODE• In this use case, NFC enabled device (for example mobile

phones) can read or write data to NFC tag.• NFC enabled smart poster is one example. Inside the poster

there is embedded NFC tag where more information is written about the product.

• Device and read and act accordingly what is written in the tag.

TAG TYPES•TYPE 1:-data collision protection

-can either read and rewrite capable or read-only-have 96 bytes of memory, enough for a URL or a small amount

of data.-memory can expand to a larger size as needed

•TYPE 2:-also have data collision protection -can be rewriteable or read-only-start at 48 bytes of memory-can expand to be as large as a type 1 tag-Communication speeds are the same for tag types 1 and 2.

•TYPE 3:-equipped with data collision protection-has larger memory and faster speeds than tag types 1 and 2.

•TYPE 4:-can use either NFC-A or NFC-B communication and have data collision protection

-set as either rewritable or read-only when manufactured and this setting cannot be changed by the user-holds 32 Kbytes in memory and has faster speeds than the

other tags.

ADVANTAGES OF NFC

• High convenience to the user, because the data exchange is done by bringing two mobiles together.

• Reduces cost of electronic issuance .• Secure communication. • No special software. • No manual configuration and settings.• No search and pair procedure.

DISADVANTAGES OF NFC

• The system has the limitation that it can be operated only with devices under a short range i.e around 10 cm.

• The data transfer rate is very less at about 106kbps, 212 kbps and 424kbps.

FUTURE OF NFC

New generations of iPhone, iPod and iPad products would reportedly be equipped with NFC capability which would enable small-scale monetary transactions.

On May 2, 2011, RIM announced the Blackberry Bold 9900, a new device that will use NFC technology.

Recently, Microsoft announced that all Windows Phone 8 devices will make use of the NFC technology.

CONCLUSIONMobile handsets are the primary target

for NFC and soon NFC will be implemented in most handheld devices. Even though NFC have the shortest range among radio frequency technologies, combining them with existing technologies like Bluetooth or Infrared can increase its range of applications.

REFERENCES

•http://www.nfc-forum.org•http://www.nearfieldcommunication.org/•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communication•www.ecma-international.org•http://www.nearfieldcommunicationnfc.net/nfc-future.html•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NFC-enabled_mobile_devices•http://nfc-forum.org/resources/what-are-the-operating-modes-of-nfc-devices/•http://www.tough-shield.com/nfc/the-benefits-of-nfc/•