near field communication: iot with nfc - meetupfiles.meetup.com/2621682/iot-and-nfc-sept-5.pdf ·...

Near Field Communication: IoT with NFC Dominik Gruntz Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz

Institut für Mobile und Verteilte Systeme

(C) Hochschule für Technik

Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz

NFC Experience at FHNW

2005/06 First NFC demonstrator (with Siemens CX70 Emoty)

NFC was included in a removable cover

2009/10 Mobile Payment project (Nokia 6131 NFC, S40 Phone)

touch'n'pay Self Service Shop

Supported by the Hasler foundation

NFC Forum Global Competition:

First price in the category

"The Best NFC Service of the Year 2010"

2010/11 Android Nexus S (with NFC)

Tag reading with 2.3.2

Tag writing and P2P with 2.3.3 / 2.3.4

Tag emulation with Android Wallet (2.3.5)

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AGENDA

NFC Device Operating Modes

What is NFC?

NFC Device Architecture

What is the Secure Element?

NFC Applications (on Android)

Which NFC applications are available in the Android store?

Payment trials

Open Questions / Next Steps

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What is NFC

NFC (Near Field Communication)

Communication technology based on radio waves at 13.56 MHz frequency

Short range (<= 10 cm theoretical, 1-4 cm typical)

Low speed (106 / 216 / 414 kbps) => 13-50KBytes per sec

Low friction setup (no discovery, no pairing)

Setup-time < 0.1 Sec

Communication roles:

Master Device: NFC Initiator (starts communication, typically a device)

Slave Device: NFC Target (passive tag or device)

Standardization: NFC Forum (founded 2004 by NXP, Sony, Nokia)

Definition of standards

Popularization of NFC

Today: More than 150 members

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How to interact with it?

Reader-Writer Mode

Inverted RFID Model: RFID: many tags and one reader

NFC: one tag and many readers

Peer-To-Peer Mode

Tag Emulation Mode

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Reader-Writer Mode

Mobile Device is able to read external tags/smartcards,

Device becomes RFID reader/writer (and can launch applications)

Tag content: Text, URI (WebLink, Phone Number), SmartPoster

Like QR-Codes, but faster

No need to launch an application

With Android, an intent is thrown if a tag is detected

Tags

Different form factors for NFC tags:

tags, stickers, cards, key fobs, clocks

Supported Technologies:

• ISO 14443 A/B, Mifare Ultralight, Classic/Standard 1K/4K

• NXP DESFire, Sony Felica, Innovision Topaz, Jewel tag

=> NFC Forum Specs define how NFC Messages are stored

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Peer-To-Peer Mode

Bidirectional P2P connection to exchange data between devices

Proximity triggered interactions

Android: Devices have to be placed back-to-back

Applications

Exchange of vCards (e.g. XING)

Hand-over of Tickets & P2P Payment

Web-page sharing, Youtube-video-sharing

Application sharing

Exchange of device info in order to establish

a faster connection automatically (e.g. Bluetooth)

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Tag Emulation

Device emulates a passive tag (typically a smart card)

Device can emulate (contain) multiple smartcards

Reader can’t distinguish between real smartcard & tag emulation

Android: Emulated tag can be read only if screen is on

Examples

Access to the farm shop (Legic key)

Oyster-Card, London

Visa payWave Payment System

Google Wallet

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AGENDA


What is NFC?





Payment trials


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Structure of a NFC device

Host-Controller

Application Execution Environment (AEE)

Controls UI, Communication and peripheral

devices (Phone OS)

NFC-Controller

Contactless Front-end (CLF)

Converter between HF signal and digital data

Secure Element

Trusted Execution Environment (TEE)

Secure environment to execute and store

security relevant applications and data

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Langer & Roland, Anwendungen und

Technik von NFC, Springer, 2010



Secure Element

Secure Storage in NFC device

Tamper-proof storage for sensible data (money, tickets, keys)

Cryptographic operations (encryption, signatures)

Secure environment for the execution of program code (sandbox model)

May contain applications from different

providers

Must provide individual installation,

maintenance and revocation

Platforms

SmartCard (Global Platform)

JavaCard system

APDU commands

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Host-

Controller

Secure

Element

NFC

Controller

External

Reader



Secure Element

12

Secure Element

non-

removable

removable

Embedded

Hardware

(Secure IC)

MicroSD-

Card

(Secure MC)

UICC

over SWP

(Secure SIM)

Bluetooth

Stickers

Micro-USB

Stickers



AGENDA


What is NFC?





Payment trials


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Applications

NFC Tag Info

Displays card information

Displays the sectors of a tag (hex / ascii)

Displays NDEF content

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Applications

NXP Tag Writer

Supports Reading & Viewing content of a tag

Supports Creating / Erasing / Protecting content

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Applications

WiFiTap

Allows to store & load the WiFi configuration on a tag

(i.e. Name & WPA/WEP password)

NFC TaskLauncher

Use NFC tags to automate tasks (e.g. set volumes, set alarms, etc)

EnableTable

Restaurant couponing & loyalty system

Tag is embedded in the check billfold

NFC Security

Locks Android application; application can only be started if

a NFC tag with the key is read in

TabPats

Real-Time information for Stanford Marguerite bus departures,

simply place the phone against the TapPATS badge at the bus stop

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Google Wallet

Mobile Payment System

Checkout at MasterCard PayPass-enabled terminals

Used by over 140'000 merchants

Partners

Sprint: Telco Provider

Citi: Credit Card Issuer

FirstData: Accounting / Backend

Application

Runs on new Android version (2.3.5)

Application on device requires that user authorizes transactions with a PIN

Uses SE on the device (Nexus S 4G only) [Sprint uses CDMA]

Supported Credit Cards: Citi MasterCard & Google Prepaid Card

No transaction fee

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Mobile Wallet (Swisscom)

Pilot Project 1

Galaxy S II (with custom ROM)

SE on SIM card (SWP)

Payment

Mastercard PayPass

Loyalty program

Kaffee Spettacolo

Q1 / 2012

Pilot Project 2

Big Retailer

Pilot Project 3

Visa payWave & MasterCard PayPass

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Sunrise Trial

Pilot Project

Special SIM Card

Oberthur Technologies

Deutschland GmbH

Mastercard PayPass

k kiosk

Avec

McDonalds

Start: March 12

Approx 20 Test Customers

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Applications

R/W Mode P2P Mode Emul Mode

Payment / Loyalty x

Ticketing x

Access x

Real-world Gaming x x

Home automation x

Location-based tagging x

Train time table, eLibrary in Klagenfurt

Couponing / Vouchers x x

Map a real object to a URL x

NFC-initiated BT pairing x

Ski theft protection x

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AGENDA


What is NFC?





Payment trials


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Open Questions

Secure Element (Android)

Who controls the keys of the secure element?

Will Google lease space on its SE for free?

Secure Element (general)

How are the SE (JavaCard) applets distributed?

For a SIM-based SE the MNO controls which apps are available

How to revoke applications from a SE?

In case that device is stolen

In case that device changes ownership

How to choose emulated card if SE contains several cards?

How to choose the SE if device contains several SEs?

Will there be a development key to access the SE?

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Open Questions

Chicken Egg Problem

With Google pushing NFC will it become widespread?

With the help of Motorola Google may push new NFC devices onto the market

More and more Android are NFC enabled

1'000'000 new NFC devices per week [Hamilton&Coenen, Google I/O 2012]

Will iPhone5 contain NFC?

Will be answered at Sept 12

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NFC Next Steps

Projects & Trials

Buy Nexus S and upgrade to Android 4.0 (ICS)

Buy NFC Reader & Tags (=> Starter Kits)

Install NFC Tag Info / NXP Tag Writer Apps

Read Documentation

http://developer.android.com/reference/android/nfc/package-summary.html

Look at Sample Code (StickyNotes)

https://nfc.android.com/StickyNotes.zip

https://code.google.com/p/nfcmemory/

Read NFC Book

Anwendungen und Technik von NFC

Josef Langer & Michael Roland

Springer, ISBN: 978-3-642-05496-9

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https://nfc.android.com/StickyNotes.zip



Near Field Communication: Close Up Dominik Gruntz, [email protected] Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz

Institut für Mobile und Verteilte Systeme

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near field communication: iot with nfc - meetupfiles.meetup.com/2621682/iot-and-nfc-sept-5.pdf ·...

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