ncfe le2 v certificate in the principles sampleof care planning 1 sample … · · 2017-03-07ncfe...

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Principles of Care Planning

Unit 1

NCFE Level 2 Certificate in the Principles

of Care Planning

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Disclaimer:This resource uses real life case studies where specifically stated and referenced. All other references to individuals, groups and companies contained within these resources are fictitious.

These learning resources and assessment questions have been approved and endorsed by NCFE as meeting the requirements of the Level 2 Certificate in Principles of Care Planning.SAMPLE

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Unit 1: Understanding person-centred thinking and planning

Welcome to unit one.

Section 1: The principles and practice of person-centred thinking, planning and reviews

Section 2: The context in which person-centred thinking and planning takes place

Section 3: Your own role in person-centred planning, thinking and reviews

This unit has three sections. These are:

Section 1: The importance of communication in adult social care settings

This section will explore the following:

• The beliefs and values on which person-centred thinking and planning is based

• Definitions of key terms in person-centred thinking, planning and reviews

• The difference that person-centred thinking can make to individuals and their families

• Tools for person-centred thinking

• The meaning of a ‘one-page profile’

• The person-centred review process.SAMPLE

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The beliefs and values on which person-centred thinking and planning is based

A person-centred approach to thinking, planning and review is now an essential way of providing support within residential, day and domiciliary settings.

Definition: Person-centred approach A person-centred approach to care is defined by the government as, ‘the way in which services are tailored to the needs and preferences of citizens. The overall vision is that the state should empower citizens to shape their own lives and the services they receive.’

Source: HM Government Policy Review (2007)

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STOP AND THINK!

What does ‘person-centred thinking and planning’ mean to you? Note down any key words or phrases that come to mind. There is one example already provided to help you.

• Taking a holistic approach to providing care and support.

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The beliefs and values on which person-centred thinking and planning are based are:

• Adopting ways of working that focus on the individual, their talents and skills, what is important to them, and what makes good support for them.

• Having an approach that is outcomes-led because it focuses on achieving outcomes rather than addressing a list of needs.

• Supporting individuals’ right to individuality, independence, choice, dignity, privacy, equality, diversity and respect.

• Adopting partnership working. The essence of partnership working is respect for one another, rights to information and accountability. Partnership working encourages the promotion and maintenance of a supportive health and social care practice, inclusive of internal and external agencies all working towards the overall well-being of the client, through a unified partnership.

Person-centred planning is likely to lead to families working as partners with professional staff and the person to plan and provide support. Person-centred planning includes families in developing a shared understanding of what matters most to the person and in planning and providing support.

Source: People, Plans and Possibilities – Sanderson H, Kennedy J, Ritchie P and Goodwin G (2002)

• Promoting positive risk-taking by assessing the potential benefits and harms of choosing one action over another. It involves identifying risks, developing plans to minimise them, and using available resources and support to enable people to achieve their priorities.

• Promoting active participation where people who use services have a right to be regarded as individuals with different preferences, skills and abilities. Respecting this right means involving them in the way their care and support is delivered.

• A belief in the social model of care that emphasises the need to reduce, and ultimately remove disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the person being supported. When barriers are removed, people can be independent and equal in society, with choice and control over their own lives.

• Promoting inclusion – that is the belief that individuals being supported must be able to do ordinary things, make use of mainstream services and be fully included in the local community.SAMPLE

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Definitions of key terms in person-centred thinking, planning and reviews

Activity 1: Defining key terms

Based on what you now know about the beliefs and values on which person-centred thinking and planning is based, devise your own definitions of the following key terms:

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Compare your definitions with those suggested at the end of this workbook.

Key FactPerson-centred beliefs and values are that thinking and planning should focus on the individual and put them at the centre of their own care and support. Person-centred planning (PCP) involves incorporating the person’s strengths, preferences and aspirations into the planning as much as possible. There must be an acknowledgement that the person has a circle of family, friends and other support mechanisms around them.

Complete the next activity to consolidate what you have learned by defining the key terms in this approach to providing support in health and social care.

Person-centred thinking:

Person-centred planning:

Person-centred reviews:SAMPLE

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Person-centred thinking is a way of working that reflects what is important to the individual and helps them to live the life they choose. It involves the use of practical thinking tools with the care worker, giving support where necessary. The tools enable people to:

• Distinguish what is important to a person from what is important for them

• Address issues of health, safety and risk whilst supporting choice

• Identify what the core responsibilities are for those who provide paid support

• Consider what makes sense and what does not make sense about a person’s life

• Ensure effective support by matching the characteristics of support staff to the person’s needs.

Person-centred planning uses the information generated by person-centred thinking tools to focus on supporting individuals to live as independently as possible, have choice and control over the services they use, and to access both wider public and community services and employment and education. Rather than fitting people to services, services should fit the person.

Person-centred planning provides a way of helping a person plan all aspects of their life. Its five key features are:

1. The person is at the centre of the planning process, making their own decisions about who they want to help them and how.

2. Family and friends are partners in planning, valued as carers, and should be involved wherever possible and if the individual agrees. Where they provide substantial support and the individual cannot make decisions or does not have the necessary skills to participate in decisions about their care, they are entitled to advocacy under The Care Act.

3. Consideration is given to the individual’s hopes and wishes now, and in the future, and the support required.

4. The person is part of the community with a circle of support and a voice.

5. The importance of effective communication between individuals, family, friends and care workers.

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A person-centred review is a person-centred approach to the annual reviews required in all services, individual review process and a part of the care planning cycle. The review involves the individual, key people who need to be there to meet statutory requirements, and other people that the individual wants to invite. The review generates person-centred information which should reflect the views of all involved – not just the care worker’s or the service’s perspective. This can be used to create a one-page profile and a person-centred care plan.

A person-centred review aims to establish whether the original outcomes, as set out in the care plan, are being met. Also, whether there have been any changes to the individual’s circumstances that may result in changes to their needs and well-being. By reviewing in this way, the individual’s care plan can be confirmed or amended to reflect changing circumstances.

Further Research: What is meant by person-centred approaches, thinking and planning? Consolidate what you have learned by using the link below to watch a short video entitled, ‘Definitions – What is meant by person-centred approaches, thinking and planning?’

www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvANuym5VXY

If the link does not work when you type it into a browser, simply search for ‘person-centred approaches’ in YouTube and the link will appear on the results page.

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Key FactBeing able to define the key terms in person-centred thinking and planning will give you a better understanding of this approach to care and support.

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The difference that person-centred thinking can make to individuals and their families

Person-centred thinking and planning adopts a different approach to the traditional model of care. Rather than the individual having treatments and care plans decided for them by health workers, the individual and their families have control over the way that they wish care and support to be provided.

STOP AND THINK!

How do you think a person-centred approach makes a difference to individuals and their families? Note down your thoughts in the space below. There is one example given to get you started

• Rather than receiving traditional services, the person or their carer may be given a personal budget or direct payment to buy their own support.

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Did you consider the following?

• Person-centred thinking and planning puts the individual in control of their own care through personal budgets and direct payments.

• Practical examples of how this approach can make a difference to individuals and their families could include:

- Being able to arrange care by employing a personal assistant or purchasing care from an agency

- Making a one-off payment for equipment or adaptations which will help meet assessed needs

- Purchasing a gym membership to facilitate improved physical health

- Purchasing dance lessons for improved physical health and social interaction

- Buying assistance with shopping, collecting children from school, attending hospital, doctors’ appointments or college.

Look at the following case study to see another example.

Case Study: CJ

CJ purchases care from an agency. He says, ‘They listen to you and support you how you want to be supported. They have helped me to become more independent and to volunteer at Animal Care. Volunteering is great, it can really help you, and I love working with the animals and in the community.’

Complete the next activity to see another example.

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Activity 2: How person-centred thinking makes a difference to Hannah’s day to day support

Use the link below to the SCIE website to watch a short video about how person-centred thinking affects the day to day support of a young woman, Hannah, 22, who has Angelman Syndrome.

www.scie.org.uk/socialcaretv/video-player.asp?guid=ed4aa862-69fe-4696-8422-a8a7e7c017be

If the link does not work when you type it into a browser, simply search for ‘Angelman Syndrome: Hannah’ in YouTube and the link will appear on the results page.

Answer the following questions when you have watched the video.

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1. Who are Hannah’s carers?

2. Where does Hannah live?

3. What has made a big difference to Hannah’s day to day support?

4. What does her sister say about Hannah’s self-directed support?

5. What does Hannah’s mother say about the effect of personal budgets on the day to day support?

Check your answers at the end of this workbook.

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The person-centred approach involves the promotion of communication and rapport between the individual, family, friends and care workers, and recognition of the right of family and friends to be involved in planning individualised care and support.

Person-centred thinking and planning mean that people should find it easier to get information and advice about the different ways they can be supported to use personal budgets and direct payments to meet their needs – for example:

• They can receive help in applying for benefits or getting in touch with a local support group

• They can seek advice about home adaptations to help keep themselves safe

• Support planning can be used to identify the person’s needs and the outcomes most important to them, and to link up with the local services that will be able to support them.

Families and carers also experience a difference because they:

• Can obtain information on how to access benefits, training opportunities or on buying services for the person they care for

• Can obtain information on how to contact local community-based carer support groups

• Are entitled to request a carer’s assessment, which is separate to any assessment of the person they care for and takes account of their own needs as a carer. Since April 2015, all carers are entitled to this assessment regardless of income, or the amount and type of care provided.

Key FactPerson-centred thinking can make a big difference to the support of individuals receiving care and their families.

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Tools for person-centred thinking

To implement person-centred thinking and planning, care workers must learn to use a range of tools. The following table provides some examples.

Tool Its purpose How it works

Appreciation

Helps staff in getting to know someone and understand who they are – rather than just seeing a person as a set of needs or problems to be sorted out.

• It helps to build trust and confidence in the service for the person and their family.

• It sends a strong message that this person is important, that staff care about them, and that knowing them matters.

Important to/for

Identifies what’s important to someone – for example, what makes them happy or fulfilled, from what’s important for someone – for example, health and safety or being valued, while working towards a good balance.

• It is a way to think through a situation before deciding what should happen next.

• It is an everyday tool and can be used as part of reviews and at the beginning of an individual, family or team plan.

The doughnut

Identifies specific responsibilities such as core roles, and allows people to use their own judgement and be creative.

• Helps people to know where they can be creative without fear.

• Clarifies the roles of the different professionals and agencies supporting individuals and their families.

• Informs a family support plan.

• Clarifies roles and expectations in a team plan.

Matching staff

Provides a structure to look at which skills and support, and which people and characteristics, make good matches.

• Helps people think about what kind of paid support they want and need.

• Helps in recruiting team members.

• Gives the information for the characteristics section of a plan.

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Tool Its purpose How it works

Relationship circles

Identifies who is important to a person or family.

• Says who is important to people.

• Identifies any important issues around relationships.

• Helps identify who to talk to when developing a plan.

• Identifies relationships that can be strengthened or supported.

Communication charts

Helps focus on communication, whether a person uses words to speak or not. To be used whenever a person’s actions communicate a message more clearly than their words.

• It provides a quick snapshot of how someone communicates.

• It is a way of enriching the level of information available about people who use words to speak, and particularly about people who do not.

Learning log

Directs people to look for ongoing learning. A structure that captures details of learning within specific activities and experiences. Provides a way of recording information on what needs to stay the same and what needs to be different about how people are supported.

• Provides a way for people to record ongoing learning based on what worked well, and what did not work well for any event or activity.

• Identifies what is important to, and for, individuals, families and team plans.

• Can replace traditional notes or records to help focus more clearly on critical information about the person.

• Can be used to focus on someone’s whole life or specific areas of their life – for example, someone’s health, or how they like to spend their time.

What’s working/

not working

Clarifies what to build on and what to change. Helps in looking at how any part of a person’s life is working, including medications, effectiveness of people providing paid support, and activities or projects. It also helps with mediation where there are disagreements.

• Analyses an issue or situation across different perspectives.

• Provides a picture of how things are right now.

Source: Personalisation through Person-centred planning, Dept. of Health (2010)

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Some other examples of person-centred thinking tools are:

• MAPs (Making Action Plans) – in this case, a Graphic Facilitator keeps a graphic or pictorial record of a meeting which is owned by the person. The process has eight flexible steps:

1. What is a MAP?

2. The story or background

3. The dream

4. The nightmare

5. Who is the person?

6. What are the person’s gifts?

7. What are the person’s needs?

8. The action plan.

MAPs can be used to learn from a person’s past to help shape their future.

• PATH (Planning Alternative Tomorrows with Hope) – a creative tool which is another team facilitated graphic process used to get people unstuck and create short and long-term goals.

Further Research: Person-centred thinking tools Use the links below to see other examples of person-centred thinking tools. For example, 4+1 questions, decision-making agreement, presence to contribution, citizenship and dreaming.

www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk/person-centred-practice/person-centred-thinking-tools/

www.familyfootings.org/resources_pca_thinking.aspx

Use the following link to explore approaches related to connecting individuals with their community.

http://community-circles.co.uk/

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The meaning of a ‘one-page profile’

Key FactThere is a range of person-centred thinking tools available to support person-centred thinking and planning.

Definition: One-page profile A one-page profile is a way to set out information about what people appreciate in an individual, what is important to them and how they want to be supported – ‘best support’.

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A one-page profile can be created by looking at what is working and not working for the person and what actions need to be taken to change what is not working. This can result in big, small or everyday changes, for example, rearranging someone’s support so that they can go to the cinema in an afternoon. See the following case study example to learn more about how one-page profiles are used to implement person-centred thinking, planning and reviews.

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Case Study: Devising a one-page profile for Arthur

Arthur is supported by the local domiciliary care services. His district nurse, Marie, was concerned Arthur may need residential care. Arthur is terrified of being ‘put in a home’, so Marie spoke with Gill, the local person-centred planning coordinator.

Gill spent an hour with Arthur. She asked him about his past and what makes up a good or bad day. Gill found out how Arthur would like to be supported and what kind of routine he enjoys. She used this to develop a one-page profile, which contained all this information. Gill then organised a person-centred review with Arthur, his nephew Stephen, and wife Sally, as well as the manager of the domiciliary service and a staff member.

Together they looked at the one-page profile and talked about what was working and not working in Arthur’s life from each of their perspectives.

Source: Personalisation through Person-Centred Planning (Dept. of Health 2010)

Arthur’s one-page profile is used to understand what is important to him so that care can be provided in the way that meets his needs and preferences. This information is recorded on a single sheet of paper after talking to Arthur and meeting with his staff and family at a person-centred review. This enables them to devise a plan that addresses what is not working for everyone, so that his support workers can work in a different way to achieve the changes Arthur wants.

Complete the research activity on the next page to see what a one-page plan might look like.

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Further Research: Pat’s one-page profile A one-page profile is the beginning of a person-centred plan. Use the link below to download the document, Personalisation through Person-Centred Planning (Dept. of Health 2010).

In the diagram on page 19 you can see Pat’s one-page profile. Pat has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Type 2 diabetes and you can read her story in the diagram on page 8.

http://www.thinklocalactpersonal.org.uk/_assets/Resources/Personalisation/EastMidlands/Workstreams/PCP/Personalisation_through_Person_Centred_Planning.pdf

If the link does not work when you type it into a browser, simply search for ‘Personalisation through Person-Centred Planning’ and the link will appear on the results page.

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Key FactOne-page profiles provide a capacity description of a person focusing on what others like and admire about them, what is important to them and what carers need to know or do to provide good support.

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The person-centred review process

A person-centred review process involves the person, key people who have to be there to meet statutory requirements, and other people that the person wants to invite. The meeting generates person-centred information which should reflect the views of all involved – not just the care worker or the service’s perspective. This can be used to create a one-page profile and begin a person-centred plan. Its purpose is to identify and implement actions that will positively change the person’s life and deliver a more person-centred service.

The review aims to provide answers to the following questions:

• What do we appreciate about the person?

• What is important to the person now?

• What is important to the person in the future?

• What is the ‘best support’ for the person, to stay healthy and well?

• What are the questions to answer or issues to resolve for this person?

• What is working and not working from the person’s perspective?

• What is working and not working from the family or carer’s perspectives?

• What is working and not working from care workers’ and managers’ perspectives?

Person-centred reviews generate information for person-centred planning. They are effectively directed by the people concerned and address their priority issues. They identify what support is required and discover what is working and not working.

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Further Research: Pat’s one-page profile Use the link below to watch a short video about person-centred reviews. In the video the review process uses person-centred thinking tools to explore what is happening from the person’s perspective and from other people’s perspectives. This results in outcomes and actions for person-centred change.

www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk/person-centred-practice/person-centred-reviews/

If the link does not work when you type it into a browser, simply search for ‘person-centred reviews’ and the link will appear on the results page.

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Reviews should:

• Establish how far the services provided have achieved the outcomes, set out in the care plan

• Re-assess the needs and circumstances of individuals

• Help determine individuals’ continued eligibility for support

• Confirm or amend the current care plan, or lead to closure, and comment on the effectiveness of direct payments where appropriate.

Key FactA person-centred review involves preparation, facilitation and follow-up action.

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Let’s Summarise!

Take a few moments to answer the following questions to help you summarise what you have learned in this section. This will help you answer the upcoming assessment questions.

1. Give an example of the beliefs on which person-centred thinking is based.

2. How does a person-centred approach make a difference to families?

3. What are MAPs?

4. What is a ‘one-page profile’?

5. What is the person-centred information generated at a review used for?

CONGRATULATIONS, YOU HAVE NOW COMPLETED SECTION 1.PLEASE NOW GO TO YOUR ASSESSMENTS AND ANSWER

QUESTIONS Q1 TO Q6.

Check your answers by looking back over this section.

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ncfe le2 v certificate in the principles sampleof care planning 1 sample … · · 2017-03-07ncfe...

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