native grass forage workshop:...
TRANSCRIPT
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Native Grass Forage Workshop: Establishment
P. KeyserCenter for Native Grasslands Management and
UT Beef and Forage Center
Knoxville, TNJune 22-23, 2015
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Establishing Natives
As with any perennial grass, must take care of key steps to be successful – details!!
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Some Challenges with Natives…
Tiny seed (switchgrass >300,000/lb)
Slower germination (2 – 4 weeks)
Low seedling vigor (except e. gamagrass)
Grow root system first, then top
Vulnerable to weed pressure
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It’s “the Competition, Stupid”
THE issue for successful establishment of natives!
Warm-season perennials
Cool-season perennials
Annual grasses
Advanced weed control is THE solution site selection, crop history both play a role…
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But… Competition Control Does NotEnd with Seeding!
Clipping (above seedlings)
Broadleaves controlled >4-leaf stage
Annual grasses biggest challenge
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Other Key Issues
Seed dormancy (Cave-in-Rock, e. gamagrass)
Shallow seeding
Good seed-soil contact
Limited (no) thatch
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Plant Population Must Be There…
Planted June 19, 2008
Seedlings not started in first year (first 6-8 weeks), not likely to be there later…
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Yield vs. Density (2nd year stand)
Switchgrass frequency
0 5 10 15 20
Biom
ass y
ield
(Mg/
ha)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1 plant/2 ft2 1 plant/ft2
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Dormant-season Planting
Year 2 Yield did not vary by planting date at either location
Springfield Knoxville
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Dormant-season PlantingMilan-2010
Planting treatment
Rye Fallow Oats Wheat Barley
Plan
t den
sity
/ m2
0
2
4
6
8
10
AB B A AB A
No difference in planting dates (March = April = June)
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Second-year Harvests
a
a
a aa
b b
b
June harvest yields in year three based on second-year harvest frequency
J. Shultz MS Thesis data, 2013
Chart1
SG - 0 NSG - 0 N
SG - 60 NSG - 60 N
BB/IG - 0 NBB/IG - 0 N
BB/IG - 60 NBB/IG - 60 N
DM (kg/ha)
One-cut
Two-cut
6476
3170
8212
3134
2005
1435
1888
1621
Sheet1
SwitchgrassIndiangrass and Big Bluestem
Treatment0 kg N/ha67.3 kg N/ha0 kg N/ha67.3 kg N/haSE
Cut twice in previous year (Jun 8 + Aug 9, 2010)3170a3134a1435a1621a400
Cut once in precious year (Jun 8, 2010 only)6476b8212b2005b1888a400
SG - 0 NSG - 60 NBB/IG - 0 NBB/IG - 60 N
One-cut6476821220051888
Two-cut3170313414351621
Sheet1
DM (kg/ha)
One-cut
Two-cut
Sheet2
a
b
a
b
b
a
a
a
Sheet3
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Batesville, AR
April 2014 planting; courtesy John Jennings, UA Extension
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Summary
Pay attention to detail:Good, advanced, competition control
Plant shallow (clean, firm seedbed)
Manage first year weed pressure
Plan for production in year two (limit)
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Questions?
Planted April 20, 2012, @ 10 PLS lb/acBB (6)/IG(3)/LB(1); picture taken Sept 28, 2012
Native Grass Forage Workshop: EstablishmentEstablishing NativesSome Challenges with Natives…It’s “the Competition, Stupid”But… Competition Control Does Not�End with Seeding!Other Key IssuesPlant Population Must Be There…Yield vs. Density (2nd year stand)Dormant-season PlantingDormant-season PlantingSlide Number 11Batesville, ARSummarySlide Number 14