native american history jackson to progressive era: a history of displacement
TRANSCRIPT
Native American History
Jackson to Progressive Era: A History of Displacement
American Westward ExpansionCauses Manifest Destiny Railroad Expansion Industrial Revolution Perceived Racial Superiority Mining Opportunities Farm Land U.S. population boom Missionary Work
Westward Expansion and Native American Experiences Forcible Removal from land Constantly at War Spread of Disease (sometimes purposeful) Series of Broken Treaties Financial Hardship Cultural Assimilation Hunter Gatherer to Agriculture
Trail of Tears 1838 Cherokee and Seminole tribes removed
from land in Southeast U.S. Moved to Oklahoma Jackson refuses to follow Supreme Court
decision
Westward Expansion 1840s Mexican American War Oregon Trail Fort Laramie purchased by U.S. gov’t Seminole Nation V. United States Bureau of Indian Affairs created California Gold Rush 1849 Decline of Buffalo population
Manifest Destiny Takes Hold 1850s New Territories settled Land gained from Mexican American War Conflicts develop between settlers and
Native Americans Treaties are signed and ignored
Southwest- Navajo and Apache Conflicts (1861-1886)
Manuelito Geronimo Kit Carson
Navajo Conflicts 1860s More settlers led to
revolts and conflict Americans distracted
by Civil War Kit Carson sent to
Southwest Navajo rebellions put
down with harsh force Long Walk to New
Mexico Navajo allowed to
return to reservation
Apache Conflicts 1860s-1880s Cochise and Geronimo led uprisings Used guerilla warfare tactics Hid in canyons and mountains Also crossed over into Mexico Both were eventually caught and forced to
live on reservations
Wars in Southwest 1860s-1890s After years of fighting
the Navajo, Apache, and Cheyenne are forced on to reservations
Sioux Wars 1865-1890 Sioux Nation is divided
into: - Lakota, Nakota, and
Dakota Modern Day Northern
Midwest American settlers
begin mining Americans focus on
Black Hills
Sioux Wars Fighting breaks out over Black Hills Gold is discovered in Black Hills Black Hills belonged to Sioux and were
considered sacred Colonel Custer sent to pacify Sioux
Battle of Little Big Horn 1876 Colonel Custer stumbles into trap Sioux Forces led by Crazy Horse and
Sitting Bull Sioux defeat Custer easily Custer’s Last Stand- No Americans surivve
Massacre at Wounded Knee 1890 Military attempts to move Sioux off
reservations Military removes rifles from Sioux Shot is fired Massacre ensues 300 Sioux men, women, and children are
killed.
Assimilation through Legislation Indian Appropriation Act- Tribes can no
longer negotiate as sovereign nations Dawes Act- Native Americans moved off
tribal reservations on to individual land allotments
Indian Education Act- Mandatory boarding school education, children removed from parents