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NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OLDER PERSONS
OLDER PERSONS SOCIAL SECURITY
AND
POVERTY PREVENTION
T. HARTONO
CHAIR PERSON II NCOP- INDONESIA
Facts about Indonesia’s Aging Population
Social Security & Implementation
Health Insurance
Poverty Prevention
The Way Forward
3
INDONESIA
• An archipelago of 17.000 islands with more than 300 ethnic groups
• A highly populated country with 235 million people (older population is around 23 million)
• Spreading between Indian and Pacific ocean with 3.977 miles.
POPULATION AGEING
• Indonesia is considered an aged-structured population. There are 11 of 33 provinces which average has reached 9.6% and mostly are in Java, Sumatera and Nusa Tenggara.
• By 2050, it is estimated to reach above 20% and its oldest population (80+) will grow more rapidly from below 0.5% in 1950 to almost 5% in 2050.
• Indonesia will experience a demographic dividend
beginning the earlier part of this Century. Thus,
Indonesia has quite limited time to prepare for an overall
aged society.
OLDER POPULATION GROWTH
YEAR LIFE
EXPECTANCY NUMBER PROPORTION
1980 52.2 7,988,543 5.45%
1990 59.8 11,227,557 6.29%
2000 64.5 14,439,907 7.18%
2010 67.4 23,992,553 9.77%
2020 70.2 28,882,879 11.34%
(BPS 2004)
SOCIAL ECONOMIC CONDITION
• The social economic condition of older persons
especially in the rural area are low, support is mainly
received from the family, efforts to improve health and
welfare is not optimal, but psycho-social condition of
older persons is relatively good.
• Education of the older population is generally low.
However older people are mostly active. Around 80 %
remain active at home, in the communities as well as in
economic-productive activities.
• Health of older population related to morbidity rate tend
to increase.
SOCIAL SECURITY
• Social protection and alleviation of poverty is regulated in
Law no 13 year 1998 on Older person welfare. Social
protection mainly is provided to non-potential or dependent
older persons.
• In Law no 40 year 2004 on National Social Security System
it has been stated that Social Security is one form of social
protection to ensure that all the people are able to fulfill
their basic needs for a sustainable livelihood.
• It is stated that social security program for the destitute and
poor is paid by the Government. At its initial phase, paid by
the Government for the health security program.
IMPLEMENTATION
• Due to limited State budget, social security for older
people has not been provided yet. The Government
through the Ministry of Social Affairs initiated the pre-
testing of Older Person Social Security
• Beginning in 2006 the government implemented cash
transfer for poor older people. That was a social security
for very poor older people (JSLU) with index Rp. 300.000
($ 35) per month /person. The total budget is about $ 4,2
Million, allocated in 10 provinces
• In 2011 the budget has been increased to $ 5,3 Million for
all 33 provinces
• Distribution of funds to older person social security
recipient, technically is in cooperation with the Indonesia
Postal Service through direct service by the postman to
the address of the recipient and older person attendant.
• The Government through the Ministry of Social Affairs
proposes the JSLU budget to be increased annually and
developing a scheme that supports older people
livelihood so that they remain active and productive.
HEALTH INSURANCE
• Started in 2004 the Indonesian government introduced
the first phase of its plan to achieve universal health
coverage through a mandatory public health insurance
scheme or Health Insurance for the Poor (Askeskin).
Askeskin, is targeted to provide primary health care
services to the poor and increase access to care and
financial protection for the poorest.
• In 2008, Askeskin evolved into Public Health Security
(Jamkesmas). This is an Insurance program of the
Ministry of Health that presently covers 76.4 million poor
people. It is estimated that 10% of the poor people are
the aged.
POVERTY PREVENTION
• Government conduct efforts :
• to empower potential older persons to prevent poverty
through education or training, so that they are able to
do or create jobs in their post pension work place both
individually or as groups.
• To encourage economic group activities through older
person social organizations to provide additional
income.
• To facilitate community base organization to
encourage involvement in poverty prevention and
alleviation initiatives.
THE WAY FORWARD
In anticipation of the rapid older population growth in this
decade, important strategies to be taken are:
• To evaluate the existing policy & implementation on
older person social security and poverty alleviation for its
improvement and development in the future.
• To increase older person participation in the family,
community and productive activities or development.
• To increase coordination and cooperation both at
regional and international levels.
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