Philippine LiteratureNational Capital Region(NCR)Metro Manila

NCR does not have any provinces but compose of 16 Cities and 1 Municipality, and divided into 4 districts. 1st District:City of Manila – Manila itself. The Capital City of the Philippines 2nd District: 4th DistrictMandaluyong City Las Piñas CityMarikina City- Shoe CapitalMakati CityPasig City Muntinlupa CityQuezon City Parañaque CitySan Juan City Pasay City

Municipality of Pateros3rd District Taguig CityCaloocan CityMalabon CityNavotas CityValenzuela City

BACKGROUND:During Ferdinand Marcos’ Presidential Decree No. 824, s. 1975, created the Metropolitan of Manila (NCR). Manila began as a small tribal settlement on the banks of the Pasig River near the mouth of Manila Bay. It took its name from a white-flowered mangrove plant - the nilad - which grew in abundance in the area. Maynilad, or where the nilad grows, was a fairly prosperous Islamic community ruled by Rajah Sulayman, descendant of a royal Malay family. On May 24, 1570, almost 50 years after Ferdinand Magellan - a Portuguese explorer under the service of the King of Spain - first set foot on these islands, a Spanish expedition under Marshal Martin de Goiti reached Sulayman's settlement. Encountering resistance from the Muslim king, de Goiti retaliated by burning down the villages and capturing the artillery. The following year, Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived at the mouth of the Pasig River and claimed the islands in the name of the King of Spain. He established the "distinguished and ever loyal city" of Manila, proclaiming it as the capital. Thus began more than 300 years of Spanish colonization of the Philippines.

Today the region is considered as the political, economic, social, and cultural center of the Philippines and is one of the more modern metropolises in Southeast Asia. According to Presidential Decree No. 940, Metro Manila is the Philippines’ seat of government but the City of Manila is the capital. The Malacanan Palace, the official office and residence of the President of the Philippines, and the buildings of the Supreme Court of the Philippines are based in Metro Manila.

Metro Manila is the shopping center of the Philippines. Three “megamalls” are located in this region and these are SM Mall of Asia, SM Megamall and SM City North Edsa which is the 2nd largest mall in the world. Makati is regarded as the main central business district of Metro Manila while Ortigas is the second most important business district in Metro Manila. Metro Manila is a place of economic extremes. Many high-income citizens live in exclusive communities such as Forbes Park in Makati and Ayala Alabang in Muntinlupa. In contrast to these residences are the slums and illegal settlement scattered across the metropolitan area and are often found in vacant government land or in districts such as Tondo.

Metro Manila is rich in historical landmarks and recreational areas. Located west of Metro Manila is the famous Rizal Park, also known as the Luneta Park. Rizal Park features the Rizal Monument, a statue of the Philippine National Hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal. Near Rizal Park is the 400-year-old Imperial City known as Intramuros, a walled domain which was once the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Era and American Period.

LANGUAGES

TAGALOG – MajorENGLISH – Secondary

FAMOUS AUTHORS:1.Andres Bonifacio-

SupremoFather of the Phil. Revolution

2. Emilio JacintoWas born in Trozo, ManilaDecember 15 1875.A Filipino Revolutionist

FAMOUS AUTHORS:3. Jose Dela Cruz Huseng Sisiw. “HARI NG MAKATA”

4. Jose Corazon de Jesus Huseng Batute. “KING OF BALAGTASAN”

FAMOUS AUTHORS:5. Cecilio Apostol Was born in Sta. Cruz, Manila – November 22, 1877

6. Faustino Aguilaras born in Malate, Manila-February 15, 1882 Filipino novelist, journalist, and a revolutionist.

FAMOUS AUTHORS:7. Amado V. Hernandez“Ka Amado, Makatang Mangagawa, Bilanggong Makata”.8. Severino Reyes“Lola Basyang. Father of Sarsuwela/Ama ng Dulang Tagalog”.

9. Liwayway Arceo Feature writer, novelist, narrator, translator, editor.

FAMOUS AUTHORS:

10. Lualhati Torres Bautista Foremost Filipino female novelists in the history of contemporary Philippine Literature. Her novels include Dekada '70, Bata, Bata, Pa'no Ka Ginawa?, and ‘GAPÔ

FOLKSONG(Awiting Bayan)

Bahay KuboBahay kubo, kahit munti

Ang halaman doon aySari-sari

 Singkamas at talong,

Sigarilyas at maniSitaw, bataw, patani.

 Kundol, patola,Upo’t, kalabasa.

At saka mayro’n paLabanos, mustasa.

 Sibuyas, kamatis,Bawang at luyaSa paligid-ligid

Ay puno ng linga.

Bahay Kubo – the most popular folksong in NCR and even all over the Philippines.

SHORT STORY (Maikling Kuwento)

BANYAGA niLiwayway A. Arceo 

IBONG ADARNA – Ibong Adarna is an ep ic wr i t ten in the 17th Century about an eponymous magica l b i rd . The t i t le ' s longer form dur ing the Spanish Era was "Korr ido at Buhay na P inagdaanan ng Tat lóng Pr inc ipeng Magkakapat id na anak nang Har ing Fernando at nang Reyna Va ler iana sa Kahar iang Berbania" (F i l ip ino for "Corr ido and L i fe L ived by the Three Pr inces , ch i ldren of K ing Fernando and Queen Va ler iana in the K ingdom of Berbania" ) . The author o f the large ly known ep ic was c la imed to be José de la Cruz or "Huseng Sisiw", but unt i l now the rea l author was never known

EPIC:

NOVEL (Nobela)Bata, Bata Pa’no ka Ginawa?by Lualhati Torres Bautista

The novel begun with an introductory chapter about the graduation day from kindergarten of Maya, Lea’s daughter. A program and a celebration were held. In the beginning, everything in Lea’s life were going smoothly – her life in connection with her children, with friends of the opposite gender, and with her volunteer work for a human rights organization. But Lea’s children were both growing-up – and Lea could see their gradual transformation. There were the changes in their ways and personalities: Maya’s curiosity was becoming more obvious every day, while Ojie was crossing the boundaries from boyhood to teenage to adulthood. In the end, all three, and especially Lea, have to confront Philippine society’s view of single motherhood; and the novel itself brazens out to the questions of how it is to be a mother, how a mother executes this role through modern-day concepts of parenthood, and on how fast growing up is.

Main Characters:Lea – The protagonist and the hero of the storyMaya – Daughter of LeaOjie – Son of LeaDing – Live-in partner of Lea. Father of MayaRaffy – First husband of Lea, Father of OjieJohnny – Best Friend and Officemate of Lea

NOVEL (Nobela)Pinaglahuan ni Faustino Aguilar.

Tampok sa nobela ang maigting na pakikibaka ni Luis Gatbuhay, na nagkataong lider obrero, laban sa makapangyarihang si Don Nicanor. Kailangang ipaglaban ni Luis hindi lamang ang usapin ng manggagawa kundi maging ang itinitibok ng kaniyang puso: si Danding.

Gusto ni Don Nicanor na makasal ang kaniyang anak na dalaga kay Rojalde. Si Don Nicanor ay sugapa sa sugal, at naglustay ng malaking pera para matustusan ang kaniyang bisyo. Nang malubog siya sa utang, naisip niyang ang tanging makapagliligtas sa kaniya ay si Rojalde na handa namang tumulong upang mabayaran ni Don Nicanor ang mga utang. Ang kapalit na kabayaran na nais ni Rojalde ay mapakasal kay Danding, na bukod sa maganda ay nagtataglay ng mga katangiang ipaglalaban ng patayan ng sinumang lalaki.Ngunit hindi naging madali ang lahat. Mahal ni Danding ang kasintahang si Luis. Kaya naman nang malaman ito ni Rojalde ay umisip siya ng paraan para matanggal sa trabaho si Luis, maisakdal sa hukuman, at tuluyang maibilanggo. Nagngitngit si Luis at naghimagsik, gaya ng sugatang hayop.

Nakasal si Danding kay Rojalde, at may pitong buwan pa lamang ang nakalilipas ay nagsilang agad ng malusog na sanggol. Ang sanggol ay hindi kahawig ni Rojalde kundi ni Luis.Nagwakas ang nobela nang magtanim at masabugan ng bomba si Luis sa loob ng bilangguan. Nagdiwang din siya nang tupukin ng dambuhalang sunog ang lungsod, at naiwan si Rojalde sa balkonahe habang nasusunog paligid at ang tinitirhang bahay.Muling inilathala ng Ateneo de Manila University Press ang nasabing nobela, at kasalukuyang ginagamit ngayong sangguniang babasahin sa mga paaralan.

1. Butong binalot ng bakal, bakal na binalot ng kristal. = Lansones (Lanzones) (Seed that is wrap in steel, steel that is wrap in crystal).2. Buhok ni Adan, hindi mabilang. = Ulan (Rain) (Adam's hair, you can't count.)3. Nagtago si Pedro, labas ang ulo. = Pako (Nail) (Pedro hides but you can still see his head. )4. May puno walang bunga, may dahon walang sanga = Sandok (Ladle) (There is a trunk but there are no fruits, there is leaf but there’s no branch)

RIDDLES (Bugtong)

5. Mga bulaklak sa Maynila, noong panahon ng Kastila.(Flowers in Manila, since spanish era)

=Nilad6. Hindi akin, hindi sayo, pag-aari ng lahat

ng tao.(This is not mine, not yours, owned by the whole humanity)

=Mundo(World)

7. Bahay ni Tinyente, nag-iisa ang poste.(A Lieutenant’s house holds only one post.)

=Payong(Umbrella)

1. Never trust someone you don't know. / Never trust a stranger. (Huwag kang magtiwala sa 'di mo kakilala.) 2. If you don't know how to look back to where you came from, you will not reach your destination(Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.)

PROVERBS (Mga Kasabihan)

• Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa – Andres Bonifacio

POEM (Tula)• Kay Rizal – Cecilio Apostol

Bayaning walang kamatayan, kadakilaang maalamatSumungaw ka mula sa bangin ng libinganna kinahihimbingan mo sa maluwalhating pangarap!Halika! Ang pag-ibig naming pinapagliyab ng inyong alaala,mula sa madilim na walang wakas ay tumatawag sa iyoupang putungan ng mga bulaklak ang iyong gunita.

Matulog kang payapa sa lilim ng kabilang-buhaytagapagligtas ng isang bayang inalipin!Huwag iluha, sa hiwaga ng libingan,ang sandaling tagumpay ng Kastila,pagka’t kung pinasabog man ang utak mo ng isang punglo,ang diwa mo nama’y gumiba ng isang imperyo!

Luwalhati kay Rizal! Ang ngalan niyang kabanalanna parang sunog sa Tabor sa pag-iinapoysa talino ng pantas ay ilaw ng kaisipan,sa marmol ay buhay, at sa kudyapi’y kundima

POEM (Tula)  BAYAN KOAng bayan kong PilipinasLupain ng ginto't bulaklakPag-ibig ang sa kanyang paladNag-alay ng ganda't dilag. At sa kanyang yumi at gandaDayuhan ay nahalinaBayan ko, binihag kaNasadlak sa dusa. Ibon mang may layang lumipadKulungin mo at umiiyakBayan pa kayang sakdal dilagAng di magnasang makaalpas! Pilipinas kong minumutyaPugad ng luha ko't dalitaAking adhika,Makita kang sakdal laya!

• Bayan Ko (My Country) is a Tagalog poem was written by José Corazón de Jesús in 1929. It was set to music by Constancio de Guzman and became a very popular song during the struggle against the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos in the 1980s.

Manila1. Feast of the Black Nazarene – (January 9th) It is marked by a tumultuous procession attended by a full-packed crowds filling the entire surroundings of the Quiapo Church and portions of Quezon Boulevard where the church is located. The big Black Nazarene statue carrying a cross is paraded on a float. Taken out of the church, it leads a tedious procession around the church vicinity. Thousands of devotees from various parts of the country attend this event, pulling and pushing the float. Manila festivals that gather big crowds like this often end up with casualties each year but devotees nonetheless continue with the annual celebrations.

FESTIVALS

2. Liberation of Manila – (Every 3rd day of February) A historic event is celebrated in Manila. Among historical Manila festivals, the event highlights the important decision of General Douglas MacArthur to prioritize the liberation of Manila over that of Formosa in Word War II. Hence, in February 3 1945 Manila was liberated by American Forces from the Japanese. However, this event is observed with simple ceremonies.

3. Feast of the Sto. Nino - This event is centered on the district of Tondo, Manila where replicas of the Sto. Nino or “Little Child” are huddled together in various costumes atop a flowery float and paraded around selected streets in Tondo. Among very colorful Manila Festivals, this feast fills the streets with dancers, tots, teens, and senior citizens, in bright costumes depicting clothes in early Hispanic times

Mandaluyong1. Lavandero Festival – (Feb 1- 6) The unique festival focused on the city’s ancient tradition of washing clothes in the once clean and clear waters of the Pasig River. Amusingly, focal point of the festival is the men participants washing clothes instead of women.

Marikina1. Marikina Sapatos Festival – (Oct. 15 up to Nov. 30) Since Marikina is the shoe capital of the Philippines, they celebrate the Sapatos Festival. it's almost a month-long celebration. Sapatos Festival is celebrated because of the excellence and the advancement of their products. Since Marikina also exports shoes to other cities.

Pasig1. Bambino Festival - This festival is celebrated in honor of the Sto. Nino, whose innocence, purity of spirit, and love have had a profound influence on the lives of Pasiguenos. An exhibit featuring the various images of the Blessed Child.2. Itik-Itik Festival - Held on the last Sunday of February that is the Feast of Barangay Kalawaan’s beloved patroness, St. Martha, this event highlights the barangay’s yield, the Itik ( a species of duck), hence the name of the festival.

Quezon City1. La Loma Festival – (3rd Sunday of May) Dressing up the Lechon and parading them down the main streets.

San-Juan1. The Feast Day of San Juan – (June 24) – The feast day of Saint John the Baptist and people from the city named after the saint take all the liberty to baptize just about everyone in sight during this day.

Caloocan1. Pamaypay Festival – (Feb 12, 2014) Pamaypay is a tool that we use to surge heat. It can come in different colors and sizes, depending on your taste. The use of pamaypay is one of many trait we got from the Spaniards. It symbolizes beauty and simplicity. We often see it in a typical Maria Clara portrait or often describe in a book being held by finesse Filipina. It is usually paired with barot's saya; the national dress in the Philippines.

Malabon1. Luglugan Pancit Malabon Festival - (10th of December) Considered as one of its kind culinary festival in Metro Manila. Highlight of the event other than street dancing, and marching band exhibition is the presentation of the Giant Bilaos of Pancit Malabon.

Navotas1. Pangisdaan Festival – (January 15) One of the highlights of the Navotas Day celebration, featuring a street dancing and float competition focusing on the fishing industry.

Valenzuela1. Feast of San Diego de Alcala - (12th of November) Celebration of the feast of the oldest church in Valenzuela City, which includes annual boatracing, streetdancing and different activities of the festival.Las Piñas1. Bamboo Organ Festival – (February 17-23) Features musical instruments and cultural presentation

Makati1. Caracol - Conceptualized in 1988, CARACOL is a Spanish term for snail and refers to "the shell used by the people to protect them from life's detrimental realities." It is a combination of the three major ethnic festivals of the Philippines. Declared official festival of Makati through the passage of Resolution 351. Held every last Sunday of January. 2. BAILES delos ARCOS - (June 29) During the feast day of the Saints Peter and Paul at Barangay Poblacion by daughters of past participants with impeccable reputations as homage to the Virgen dela Rosa for her kindness. Dancers are trained for a year.

Muntinlupa1. Dinagsa Festival – (March 1 – 5) A celebration in honor of the city’s patron saint Sto. Niño de Muntinlupa highlighted by a streetdancing participated in by representatives from different barangays, schools, youth sectors and groups from other cities in Metro Manila. A variety show will also be held in the evening after the streetdancing. Parañaque1. The Sunduan Festival - (February 13) A bigger, grander reenactment of what has evolved as a courtship ritual, and takes place the day right before Valentine’s, giving the occasion a heightened atmosphere of love in the air.

Pasay1. Talulot Festival - Talulot is named after the Filipino word for petal, in honor of St. Therese of the Child Jesus who is also known as God’s Little Flower. Devotees of Saint Therese believe that she sends a flower or flowers as a sign of granted prayer.

Pateros1. Balot sa Puti Festival – (Jan 31, 2014) Annual festivity in Pateros. The most anticipated part of the event is the cooking contest. It involves as its main ingredient is the Balut, where the egg is cooked in innovative and new dishes to the delight of the spectators. Taguig1. Sta. Anang Banak Taguig River Festival - A grand parade which honors the patroness Saint Anne. The festival is an annual event that rooted from religious and mythical beliefs that made up the ethnic race once called "taga-giik."

The First Man and WomanAccording to this myth, the first creations were the sea, the sky, and a giant bird. How they appeared was not mentioned, but they just existed. There was no land yet, so the giant bird just flew continuously. According to the myth, the bird finally grew tired of flying, but the predicament was that there was nothing yet to land on. Being smart, or so the myth avers, the bird instigated the sea to throw rocks on the sky. Somehow the sky was hit, and it retaliated by a tremendous downpour. The rocks thrown plus the downpour later produced land masses all over the world, says the myth. The land produced plants much later. Now the giant bird had something to perch on. As it was relaxing on a branch, the myth says, it became thirsty. So the bird flew again in search of fresh water, this time. But the sea yielded nothing but salt water. So the bird tried searching on the land. It came upon a cluster of shrubberies where giant weeds grew nearby. The giant bird, the myth continues, knew that these giant weeds had stored water between their knots. So the bird started pecking on a bamboo, the name of the giant weeds.After much pecking, the bamboo remained the same. The myth says that when the bird was about to leave for another round of search, voices from inside the bamboo urged it to continue pecking. The bird obliged, but to no avail. Finally, being a smart bird, it picked up a big rock with its claws, flew high, and, the myth says, dropped the thing on the bamboo. It crashed open the bamboo and from inside, the myth declares, appeared a man and a woman, naked. That shooed scared the bird off. It was its first time to see humans.Without realizing it, the bird was instrumental to the creation of the land masses all over the world and the first human beings, as far as this myth is concerned. But for the bird, all it wanted was something to land on to get some rest, and some fresh water to quench its thirst.

MYTHOLOGY:

THE FIRST MAN AND WOMAN

  The National Capital Region of the Philippines or known as Metro Manila is the smallest region, but regardless of its small land area this is the region where different culture unites. This is a diverse region, different cultures from all over the nation and even foreign cultures flock on this metropolis. Metro Manila has experienced too much agony in the past, there is a lot of warfare and violence that made a scar in our history but without those sufferings there is no Filipino in our dictionaries. Those struggles in the past it’s what made us now, whatever bad happened Manila remains strong and able to conquer any obstacles. Now observe Metro Manila it’s a great metropolis of great economy, the center of education and culture, center of the government, and the heart of our industry. Here, where everything started and so it must continue infinitely.

Our literature is the bank of past knowledge, whatever we have learned in this region we have to treasure it, especially those authors who did a great impact in our history, their works and doings, and the good morals we all have learned. We can feel their love in our country so we must love it with all our hearts too. Those beautiful literary works must be known and be preserved for more generations to come, because without them we are no more, and because literature is the mirror of our culture, it reflects how beautiful our customs, it shows how colorful, wonderful our bountiful culture is, and it is the one that make us FILIPINO.

REFLECTION:

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MARAMINGSALAMAT!!

YES!!!