Narrative, Report, and Analytical Exposition

ENGLISHFeatures of text formsReportNarrativeAnalytical Exposition

By : Andri Sitompul (XI IPA D)1Generic Structure

Orientation:It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introducedComplication:Where the problems in the story developed.Resolution:Where the problems in the story is solved

Language features

Using simple past, past perfect, past continuous, and past perfect continuousDialogue often includedDescription of characters and places using:-Adjectives (to describe nouns) : heavy, frosty, transparent, grumpy-Adverbs (to describe verbs) : quickly, secretly, quietly, energetically, suddenly-Similes (to compare one thing with another, using like or as as) : as bright as the moon, - Time words : Once upon a time, long ago, then, last weekUsing conjunctions, such as and then, but, so, etc

Example of Narrative TextOnce upon a time, there was a kingdom named Auretto, all people lived peacefully there. One of them was Charlita, the kings daughter who was assumed as the most beautiful and kindest Princess of Auretto. One day, Charlita looked blue. Because of that her father got confused. Whats the matter my beautiful daughter? Why are you so sad? asked King Fernando. Charlita was just silent. She did not say anything.Then, King Fernando decided to make a competition to cheer Charlita again. After that, the palace representative announce: I will make a competition. The aim is to make my daughter, Princess Charlita to be happy and laugh again. Everyone who can do it, will get a prize. It will be held tomorrow when the sun rises. Sign: King Fernando.The following morning, everybody came to the palace, tried to give their best performance. They seemed happy and laugh, but not for Princess Charlita. She was just silent and still looked sad.

OrientationComplicationKing Fernando started to give up. No one amused his daughter. Then, there came a young handsome man. Excuse me King Fernando. I would like to join your competition. But, would you mind if I took Princess Charlita for a walk? said the young man gently. As long as you make my daughter be happy again, it will totally alright. said King Fernando. The young handsome man took Princess Charlita for a walk in a beautiful blue lake with a green forest around it. Princess Charlita smiled and looked happy after that. Every body looked happy, too. I know why are you so my beautiful daughter. Now, I promise I will environment green. I regret for always destroying it. Finally, the environment around the kingdom became so beautiful and green, full of plants. Then, the young handsome man got a prize from the king. I will marry you off my daughter. said him. That is the prize I promise for you. Thanks for keeping our environment well. Thanks for making my daughter happy again.

ResolutionExercises :

Text I (for number 1-5)Tangkuban PerahuDayang Sumbi was exiled in the jungle, because she was unmarried but pregnant. She gave a birth to a baby boy and named him Sang Kuriang. And he became a young and hard working boy. He was a good hunter too.One day he went hunting with his dog, si Tumang. In the bush he saw a pig, Wayungyang. He wanted to shoot Wayungyang but si Tumang hindered him. He was angry at it and killed it, and then took its heart home. He cooked it and ate it with his mother. When he told that it was si Tumangs heart, she was very angry and hit Sang Kuriangs head with a spoon. And he ran away and left his mother to the east. He did not know himself and forgot his name. He was about 16 years of age.

After along time Sang Kuriang came back to the jungle where his mother lived. She looked younger than her age, so Sang Kuriang fell in love with her. Will you marry me? one day he asked her. But Dayang Sumbi refused because she recognized that he was her son. He insisted to marry her and Dayang Sumbi asked two marriage settlements. One, he had to dammed Citarum river, and two, had to make a boat in one nightSang Kuriang almost finished his work but Dayang Sumbi cheated him. He was angry and kicked the boat. The boat fell upside down on the peak of mountain. It was known Tangkuban Perahu, at the northern of Bandung, West Java.

Where is the legend from?It is from.East JavaWest JavaCentral JavaNorth JavaSouth Sumatra

Who is the main character of the story above?si TumangSang KuriangDayang SumbiSang Kuriangs fathersi Tumangs mother

Why was dayang sumbi exiled in the jungle?Because shewas married and pregnantwas unmarried and not pregnantwas unmarried and pregnantfollowed her husbandwas bored living in the kingdom

Why did dayang sumbi refuse sang kuriang proposal?because she didnt love himbecause Sang Kuriang was uglybecause Sang Kuriang was not richbecause she had a husbandbecause she recognized that he was her son

Dani: . And then took its heart home.(prg2).the bold word refers toLina: ..WayungyangpigbushhinderedTumang

Text 2 (for number 6-10)Once upon a time there lived a kind-heated man and his wife. One morning, his wife found a poor little sparrow. She took it gently and fed it. To show its gratitude, the sparrow stayed with them and sang every morning. But there was an ill-tempered old woman who didnt like the sparrow. She cut the sparrows tongue. Thats why the bird return to its previous nest.

Knowing that their sparrow flew away, the kind man and woman looked for their sparrow. They walked a long way, crossed the bridge, climbed a mountain, and passed the woodNot long afterwards, they found the sparrows nest. The sparrow welcomed them and provided a feast for them. Before they went home, the sparrow brought two baskets: one was large and looked heavy, and the other one was small and light. The sparrow asked them to choose one.

They choose the small one. And that was the best choice. There were many rolls of silk and piles of gold in it. Being jealous, the ill-tempered old woman did the same thing as the kind man and woman did.She chose the big basket which actually contained wasps and venomous crawlers, such as scorpions, centipedes, and other horrible creatures. Finally, they stung and bit her to death

The purpose of the text above is toinform somethingdescribe someoneentertain the readerreport somethingkeeping something

A: what is sparrow?B: it is a kind ofdograbbitchickenbirdfish

The sparrow welcomed themThe bold typed word refers to the..nestsparrowbasketskind man and womanill-tempered old woman

And other horrible creatures. The bold typed word meansinterestingattractingexiting horrorrareanimal which has long body

The suitable title for the text above isthe sparrows nestthe tongue and the sparrowthe evil womanthe tongue cut sparrowthe old woman and sparrow

Generic Structure

General classification :Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in generalDescription : Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

Language features

Using simple present tenseLinking verbs are used, eg. is, are, has, have, belong toUsing conditional logical connection; when, so, etcUsing some action verbs (climb, eat)Descriptive language is used that is factual rather than imaginative eg : colour, shape, size, body parts, habits, behaviours, functions, uses

Example of ReportA PLATYPUS

Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud. Platypus' eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.

General ClassificationDescriptionExercises :

Text I (for number 14)

FoodAs we know, that we need food to grow. We can grow well because we eat nutritious food. It is not only because we eat a lot of food. Besides we have to pay attention to the food such as vegetable, fruit, chicken, egg, etc. we also have to pay attention to beverage. Beer or kinds of alcoholic beverage are not good for our body. So, we must avoid these kinds of beverages. It is better for us to drink water or milk.

How can we grow well based on the text?We drink milk and alcoholic beverageWe eat a lot of food We eat enough nutritious foodWe exercise a lotWe sleep well

What sort of food that we must not pay attention?vegetable snackfruitMilkWater

What we must pay attention besides nutritious food?BeverageFruit Medicine RecreationDrugs

What should we avoid to be healthy? We should avoid .to exercise regularlyto drink any kinds of alcoholic drinkto eat nutritious foodto drink boiled water and milkTo eat egg, chicken, etc

Text II (for number 5-8)Gold is a precious metal. Gold is used as ornaments or as money.Gold is found in many places, but in a small supply. It is often found on the surface of the earth. Since gold is a heavy substance, it is sometimes found loose on the bottom of rivers. The gold is found together with sand and rocks, and must be separated from them. It is simple to search for this type of gold.It is not usually necessary to drill for gold, but when a layer of gold is located deep below the surface of the earth, it is possible to drill a hole into the ground. Engineers have developed modern process for removing gold from rocks.Since gold is not very hard, it is sometimes melted and added to other substances for making rings, coins, and art objects. It will be priced forever because it is beautiful, rare, and useful.

The best title of the text above is ..?GoldType of GoldPrecious MetalRare OrnamentsRemoving Gold from Rocks

The following are associated with gold, EXCEPT ..?usefulPreciousBeautifulExpensiveunnecessary

The text above is mainly intended to . about gold.discussClassifyDescribeElaborateDocument

It will bepricedforever because. (Paragraph 4)The underlined word means ?valuableWorthlessinterestingwonderfuleye catching

Text III (for number 9 & 10)

ForestsForests are very important for their products. They are also important to keep the soil fertile and to prevent flood. The fallen leaves and decayed plants become humus which makes the soil rich and holds the rainwater.For many years, people have not been obeying the governments regulations. They have been cutting down the forest trees carelessly. As a result, thousands of hectares of land have become worse and the rivers will be full of mud. In the wet season there will be erosion and floods which will destroy the farm lands and villages.

What is the main idea of the second paragraph........?Rivers are full of mudLands becomes infertileFloods destroy villagesErosions have cause floodsDeforestation has caused a lot of destruction

The following statements are the advantages of forests mentioned in the text, EXCEPT ?they keep the soil fertilethey prevent floodthey produce humusthey hold rainwaterthey produce fresh air

Generic Structure

Thesis: Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writers position; Outlines of the arguments are presented.Arguments: It consists about Point and Elaboration Point, states the main argument Elaboration, develops and supports each point of argumentConclusion: Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writers position

Example of Analytical ExpositionThe Unhealthy Fast Food

Fast food nowadays is considered a normal eating venture. People are not just eating out on special occasions or weekends anymore. It means that all the time they mostly eat fast foods. However is fast food good for health?Fast food has its popularity in the 1940s. Within a few years, fast-food operations popped up everywhere. With the compelling rise in fast-food restaurants since the 1940s, oddly it started the rise in obesity and cancer during that same time period.

ThesisArgument 1Fast food is highly processed with a wide array of additives. To ensure fast foods low cost, the fast food products are made with highly-processed ingredients to give it shelf-life, to hold consistency, and to enhance flavor. Fast food is altered from its original healthy form.It is not the calories in fast food which damage health and waistline. It is the chemical additives such as aspartame and MSG (monosodium glutamate). Studies show that the chemical additives lead to weight and disease issues.So, there is absolutely nothing nutritional about fast food. Fast food simply feeds hunger and craving.

Argument 2Argument 3ConclusionExercise :

Text I (for number 1-4)Dust BinTo improve comfort and cleanliness at our school, a number of dust bins should be increased.When we look at classrooms, school corridors and school yard, there are paper mineral water cups, straws, and napkins here and there. The condition of uncleanliness and discomfort really hinders learning and teaching environment. Litters thrown carelessly cause disease, especially empty plastic cup or glasses. They can be filled out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for dengue mosquitoes to spread out. Besides, these rubbish can deteriorate the scene. Well painted wall and green school yard do not mean anything litters are scattered everywhere.

Anyway I notice that most of the students in our school have responsibilities for the school environment. They put their litters on the proper places. But some are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of dust binds in our schools are not enough. Ore dust bins should be put beside each of steps, outside of the classrooms, and some more also the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, we do not have problems of freak and discomfort any more.Our school will be very clean and become a nice place to study.

What is the writers intention? To .. readers to do something good.InformExplainDescribeEntertainPersuade

According to the writer, more dust bins.. in every ten meters.should be decoratedshould be paintedshould be placedare unnecessaryare not required

What is the writers argument on a sufficient number of dust bins?They can prevent littersThey can save janitors energyStudents are asked to clean themThey make school environment neatStudents can throw garbage away easily

What is the writers suggestion?To buy more dustbinsTo hire more gardenersTo use dustbins efficientlyTo ask parents to give more dustbinsTo ask students to clean the school yard

Text II (for number 5-8)Integrated Pest ManagementThere is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most effective way to control pests.Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and stronger ones have to be developed.

Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This affects the ecology and environment as well.So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be chosen and applied carefully so that they don't affect the ecological balance and environment.Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in agriculture and livestock.Which of the following is not directly affected by pesticides used?PlantsEcologyAnimals.Environment.Human Beings

What can you say about paragraph two and four?The fourth paragraph supports the idea stated in paragraph two.Both paragraphs tell about the disadvantages of using pesticides.Both paragraphs tell about how pesticides affect the quality of farm products.The statement in paragraph is contrary to the statement in paragraph four.The second paragraph tells about the effects of using pesticides on animals mentioned in paragraph four.

One of the disadvantages of using chemical pesticides is killing fish and bees.icreasing crops productivity.creating balanced ecosystem.causing the pests to become inactivehelping reduce pollutants in the environment.

Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. (paragraph 3). The word resistant in the sentence above means weakfragiledamageunaffectedUnbalanced

Text III (for number 9 & 10)In Australia there are three levels of governments, the federal government, state governments and local governments. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is so for number of reasons.

First, the federal government is necessary for the big things. They keep the economy in order and look after like defense. Similarly, the state governments look after the middle sized things. For example they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in school. Finally, local government look after the small thins. They look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have disease. Thus for the reason above, we can conclude that the three levels of the government are necessary.

Who is responsible for defense?Federal governmentState GovernmentFederal and State GovernmentFederal and Local GovernmentLocal GovernmentThe litter management is the responsibility of ....all governmentsAustraliaFederal governmentState governementLocal government