name: date: american history 8 8th grade social studies...
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Name: ___________________ Date: ____________
American History 8
8th Grade Social Studies Midterm Review Sheet
Civil War (Chapter 16)
1. Define primary source and give an example.
primary source: a document created by a person who was present at the event that he/she is writing
about.
example: ___________________________________________________________________________
2. Define abolitionist. (p. 454)
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3. Who was Harriet Tubman? (p. 458)
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4. Explain TWO causes of the Civil War.
1. the balance of power between the states and the federal government
2. sectionalism – people cared about only their region (North or South) rather than the whole nation
5. Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe? (p. 481)
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6. Explain why the Southern states seceded (broke away) after the Election of 1860. (p. 495-6)
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7. What was Lincoln’s main goal during the Civil War? Lincoln’s main goal was to save the Union.
Reconstruction (Chapter 17)
8. Identify the following:
13th
Amendment (554): ________________________________________________________________
14th
Amendment (560): ________________________________________________________________
15th
Amendment (563): ________________________________________________________________
These were all passed to extend civil rights to ____________________________.
9. Define the following: (p. 568)
poll tax: _________________________________________________________
literacy test: _______________________________________________________
grandfather clause: ____________________________________________________________________ These were all passed to prevent ________________________ from taking advantage of their right to
vote.
10. Define segregation. (p. 568)
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11. Define sharecropping. (p. 569)
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12. Explain the Supreme Court’s decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. (p. 569)
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Westward Expansion (Chapter 18)
13. Explain why Chief Joseph felt that his tribe had to surrender to the U.S. Army. (p. 599)
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14. Explain why the buffalo were important to Native Americans living on the Great Plains. (p. 594)
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15. How did the transcontinental railroad affect America’s economy? (p. 592)
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16. Explain what happened to the Native Americans when Western settlers began to move to the Great
Plains. (p. 593-8)
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Rise of Big Business (Chapter 19)
17. Explain how the assembly line and mass production changed the economy. (p. 755)
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18. Explain why the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was passed. (p. 622)
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19. Explain why labor unions formed in the late 1800s. (p. 625-7)
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20. Why did many factories use child labor and why was child labor a bad thing for our nation? (p. 671)
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Immigration and Urbanization (Chapter 14, 20)
21. Why was Ellis Island built? (p. 637)
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22. Why did many immigrants settle in large cities? (p. 639)
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23. Explain why many people moved to urban areas in the late 1800s. (p. 642)
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24. Why did the U.S. government establish a quota system for immigration?
The United States established a quota system to limit the number of immigrants coming from certain
countries.
25. What were some of the results of the growth of factories in the late 1800s?
1. increase in immigration
2. urbanization
3. poor working conditions
4. child labor
5. poor living conditions in the cities
Progressives (Chapter 21)
26. Define muckraker. (p. 664)
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27. Define Progressive. (p. 664)
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28. Who was Ida Tarbell? (p. 665)
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29. Explain how the primary elections give more power to the voters. (p. 666)
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30. Explain how the following gave more power to the voters. (p. 666-7)
initiative: ___________________________________________________________________________
referendum: _________________________________________________________________________
31. Who was Upton Sinclair? (p. 669)
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32. What was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)? (p. 678)
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33. What was the goal of the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)? (p. 464)
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34. Who was Susan B. Anthony? (p. 465-6)
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Imperialism (Chapter 22) 35. Define imperialism. (p. 692)
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36. Explain why several nations set up spheres of influence in China. (p. 695)
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37. Explain how yellow journalism led to the Spanish American War. (p. 697)
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38. Explain Teddy Roosevelt’s “big stick” policy.
President Roosevelt believed that the U.S. should be willing to back up its words with strong action. For
example, he took action by supporting the revolution in Panama so that the U.S. would be able to build
the Panama Canal.