COMPUTER: HİSTORY AND NEEDSN. Nilgün Çokçahttp://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~ncokca

BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. 

Numbers, letters voice or photographs can be taken as data.

A computer is an electronic tool for inputting, processing, storing, manipulating, and retrieving information.

Computers are electronic machines that get data, process and returns this data to information.

A computer does not create information

THE BASIC DATA PROCESSING:

Input Four basic arithmetic process

(addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)

Logical processes Output Memory

COMPUTERS CAN BE USED IN :

Finance Medicine Communication Marketing Libraries Education Commerce And surely in game sector.

HİSTORY OF COMPUTERS

3000 BC the abacus (By Babylonians).

1642 Pascaline: The Pascaline used gears and

wheels ("counting-wheels") to perform the calculations.

1800 Charles Babbage and his

Difference Engine and Analytical Engine.

1884 The American Institute for Electrical Engineering (AIEE)

was founded 1889

Herman Hollerith won the competition for the delivery of data processing equipment to assist in the processing of the data from the 1890 US Census.

1914 Hollerith Tabulating Company, eventually became one of

the three that composed the Calculating-Tabulating-Recording (C-T-R) company.

1924 Calculating-Tabulating-Recording (C-T-R) company in was

renamed IBM in.

1937 Howard Aiken’s The Harvard MARK I computer for IBM

1946 Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)

June 21, 1948 Their prototype machine, the "Baby" was operated for the first

time; the world truly moved from the domain of calculators to the domain of computers

1957 The IBM 305 RAMAC was the first disk memory system.

1960 After three years of work Backus and his colleagues delivered

the first FORTRAN program compiler for the IBM 704, and almost immediately the first error message was encountered -- a missing comma in a computed GO TO statement

1964 Douglas Engelbart had developed the “mouse”

April 7, 1964 IBM announced System/360, the first IBM family of

compatible machines. Fall of 1964

the Dartmouth Time Sharing System became operational with BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

1974 Intel introduced the 8080 for the purposes of

controlling traffic lights First ATM machines appear.

1977 Microsoft --Bill Gates and Paul Allen Apple Corporations

1981 IBM "PC" and supported by the Microsoft DOS

operating system Commodore introduced the VIC-20

1984 Sony and Phillips announced CD-ROM.

1985 Microsoft Windows 1.0 had been announced.

1987 Computer Society opens European office in

Brussels 1988

Computer Society opens Asian office in Tokyo 1990

Software for Workstations (Computer Graphics 7/90)

1994 Netscape browser has been developed.

1995 Windows 95 announced.

1996 Google is first developed by Sergey Brin

and Larry Page. 1997

Microsoft releases Microsoft Office 97. The Li-Ion battery begins being used for

commercial uses. 1998

Apple introduces the iMac, the iMac helps bring Apple back on the computer maps as a very easy and friendly computer.

2001 USB 2.0 is introduced. Apple introduces the iPod.

2004 Google announces Gmail on April 1, 2004.

2005 YouTube is founded and comes online February

15, 2005. Yahoo announces that it will acquire the popular

photo service Flickr on March 21, 2005. Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is

released on April 24, 2005.

2007 Apple releases the Apple iPhone to the

public June 29, 2007. Microsoft releases Microsoft Windows Vista

and Office 2007 to the general public January 30, 2007.

2008 The HD player war comes to an end when

HD DVD calls it quit, making Blu-ray the victor on February 19, 2008.

HARDWARE ~SOFTWARE

Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system.

Hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer.

Computer software means computer instructions or data. Anything that can be stored electronically is software.

Software is any set of machine-readable instructions that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations.

HARDWARE

CPU

HARDWARE

Memory RAM (random-access memory) ROM (Read-Only Memory)

D R A M S R A M

R A MR an d om A ccess M em ory

P R O M E P R O M

R O MR ead -O n ly M em ory

M em ory C ach e M em ory

1 KB =1024 Byte 1000 Byte1 MB = 1024*1024 Byte 1.048.576 Byte 1.000.000 Byte1 GB =1024*1024*1024 Byte 1.073.741.800 Byte

1.000.000.000 Byte

Permanent Data Storages Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk Hard Disk Floppy Disk CD-ROM DVD USB Disk

Monitor Mouse Keyboard Computer data storage Hard drive disk (HDD) System unit (graphic cards, sound

cards, memory, motherboard and chips),

etc. all of which are physical objects that can be touched.

COMPUTER HARDWARES

COMPUTER HARDWARES

COMPUTER İN DEVİCES

Input Keyboard Mouse Light pen Scanner Modem

Output Screen Printer Modem

SOFTWARE ~ SYSTEM

Systems software includes the operating system and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. 

System Software: Macintosh Operating Systems Novel (Netware) Operating Systems Unix Operating Systems Ms-Dos Operating Systems Windows 95 and the rests

SOFTWARE ~ APPLİCATİON

Applications software includes programs that do real work for users.

Application Software: Word Processor Spreadsheet Database

HARDWARE VS SOFTWARE

Computer hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used without the other.

END

ABACUS

PASCALİNE

DIFFERENCE ENGINE

HOLLERITH DESK

THE HARVARD MARK I: AN ELECTRO-MECHANICAL COMPUTER

THE ORİGİNAL IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)

THE FIRST COMPUTER MOUSE HELD BY ENGELBART

BILL GATES AND PAUL ALLEN

COMMODORE THE VIC-20

NETSCAPE

GOOGLE

iMAC

USB

iPOD

iPHONE

CPU

MEMORY

INPUT

OUTPUT