mwt completed documentation

Mobile Wireless Technology (MWT) 2014

1 INTERNATIONAL E-CASH

NAME: DARINI SHANMUGAVEL (TP025581)

RARSHVINDRAN A/L MASLAMANI (TP026565)

VETRIKUMAR MANUGARAN (TP033342)

MERVYN ANTHONY FRANCIS (TP029324)

INTAKE CODE: UC2F1310IT (BIS), UC2F1310MBT, UC2F1310 (NC), UC2F1310 (ISS)

PROJECT TITLE: DEPLYOYING WIMAX NETWORK IN INTERNATIONAL E-CASH

MODULE NAME: MOBILE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY (CT090-3.5-2-MWT)

LECTURER'S NAME: DAVID TAN GEI KAR

HAND IN DATE: 24TH JANURY 2014



Table of Contents

Introduction & Company Background............................................................................................ 3

Scope and Limitations..................................................................................................................... 4

Content Body .................................................................................................................................. 5

Site Survey .................................................................................................................................. 5

Hardware and Software Requirements ...................................................................................... 16

Economic Feasibility .................................................................................................................... 36

Security Implementation and Considerations ........................................................................... 43

Monitoring and Maintenance .................................................................................................... 51

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 67

References ..................................................................................................................................... 68

Gantt Chart .................................................................................................................................... 74

Workload Matrix ........................................................................................................................... 75

Marking Scheme ........................................................................................................................... 76



Introduction & Company Background

International E-Cash is a company which provides simple, convenient and a secure way to its

clients to send and receive money to other individuals, domestic as well as worldwide. The

company also provides money exchange service to its clients. Currently, the company has

decided to open several branches in shopping malls in Kuala Lumpur. Hence, the headquarters

of International E-Cash will be located in Midvalley Shopping Mall while there will be two

branches serving the headquarters around Kuala Lumpur to ensure high quality of service. The

company has decided to implement wireless network connection between the headquarters and

the branches.



Scope and Limitations

1. Project Budget

There are no budget limits specified. Hence, the cost limit was ignored when selecting and

implementing the wireless technology in International E-Cash.

2. Branches

The numbers of branches are not specified. Hence, it has been decided to implement 2 branches

around Kuala Lumpur area.

3. Wireless Technology

The company didn't mention which wireless technology to use for deployment of wireless

network. Hence, it is assumed that our team is free to choose any wireless technology for

International E-Cash wireless network implementation.



Content Body

Site Survey

According to Best Practices for Wireless Site Design (n.d.). By conducting site surveys,

efficient and successful wireless networks can be deployed. Site surveys can determine signal

coverage, dead spots, potential roaming behavior, interfering sources and etc. To set up the

wireless network for international e-cash is no easy task as lot of factors needs to be taken into

consideration. For example, wireless standard, interferences, location and licensing. After such

things are considered, only then it wise to set up a wireless network.

i. Wireless standard

Wireless standard is a set of guidelines for different types of network communication.

Typically, there are each standard for each condition like for Local Area Networks the Wireless

LAN 802.11 standard is used and for Metropolitan Area Networks, WiMAX 802.16 standard is

used to provide network coverage for a city and so on. Here, for International E-cash network

needs to be distributed across the city for the headquarters and branches to communicate with

each other.

To provide wireless network coverage for International E-cash, only WiMAX standards is

suitable for International E-cash. WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave

Access according to Brain and Grabianowski, (n.d). To set up a WiMAX network for allowing

long range network communication needs two importance things, a base station and a receiver

according to about.com(n.d). However, there are several variations of WiMAX standards that

can be implemented for International E-cash mainly 802.16 and 802.16e. The first WiMAX



standard is the first of its kind whereas the other is an extension to the 802.16-2004 standard as

this advanced from it initial predecessor.

Characteristic Fixed WiMAX Mobile WiMAX

Industry Standard 802.16-2004 802.16e-2005

Modulation OFDM OFDMA

Frequency Range 2GHz-11GHz 2GHZ-6GHz

Duplexing TDD,FDD TDD,FDD(Optional)

Preferred Frequency Bands 2.5GHz, 3.4 - 3.6GHZ &

5.8GHz

2.3 - 2.7GHz, 3.3 - 3.8GHz

Source: L.Harte, K.Kalaichelvan (2007)

Analysis - From here, it is clearly seen that IEEE's 802.16e is the latest standard which means its

more up to date. 802.16e has more access types than Fixed WiMAX supports Orthogonal

Frequency-Division Multiple Access modulation whereas 802.16 only provide Orthogonal

Frequency Division Multiplexing. In terms of duplexing both standards support Time Division

Duplexing and Frequency Division Duplexing but Mobile WiMAX's Frequency Division

Duplexing is made optional. Mobile WiMAX supports handoffs and Fixed WiMAX does not.

Mobile WiMAX has more service providers to cater many network solutions.

Technical Feasibility - Having many frequency bands provides more specific and suitable for

International E-cash to choose using Mobile WiMAX. Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple

Access makes International E-cash's wireless deployment flexible. The frequency range of

Mobile WiMAX though shorter but it is more effective when applied for International E-cash.



Recommendation - The standard to be recommended for International E-cash is 802.16e with a

frequency of 3.5 GHz. This is such as the International E-cash has to communicate with each

branch as well as its headquarters in KL. Having a high frequency also provides wireless

communication.

ii. Licensing



Source: Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission(n.d)



The license for the WiMAX standard chosen for International E-cash can be obtained from the

Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. According to MCMC(n.d), a business

like International E-cash needs to have a class license as they need to deploy wireless network

facilities. The processing days for obtaining a class license will take seven days.

To obtain a class license, there are a few criterias to be met:

1. Two copies of Form D(Class license application form)

2. Registration fee of RM 2500.00

3. Applicants legal status documents

4. Organizational profile

5. Proposal of service

6. Details as per the checklist attached

Economic feasibility - The application for the class license class costs about RM 2500.00

iii. Interferences

When it comes to interference, it has to be agreed that any radio frequency has interferences

including the standard recommended for international e-cash. Potential interferences can be from

radio frequencies of satellites, military networks and etc. To deter such inferences, proper

hardware and software is required mainly a spectrum analyzer and a site survey software.



Images

Name Spectrum Master MS2713E

BumbleBee-EX

Spectrum Analyzer

Compatibility All 802.16 standards 802.16d & 802.16e

Features - Tracking generator,

- Daylight viewable display

- Interference analysis

- Field Strength Measurements

- Coverage verification &

network optimization

- GPS geo-coding

accuracy

- Compatible with

Google Earth

- Time stamping

Price $1000 onwards $4500 - $5000

Manufacturer Anjitsu Berkeley Varitronics

Systems

Source: Anjitsu.com (n.d) & bvsystems.com(n.d)



Analysis - From what is noticed, Spectrum Master MS2713E is made more compatible to

WiMAX standards than the BumbleBee-EX Spectrum Analyzer. It is also cheaper by few

thousands when compared with the BumbleBee-EX Spectrum Analyzer.

Technical Feasibility - Fields strength measurements and interference analysis can identify

electromagnetic fields and other sorts of inferences around International E-cash's geographic

locations. Besides that, its coverage verification feature shows that effective WiMAX coverage

can be established for International E-cash. This helps to plan better for International E-cash's

wireless deployment Its daylight display has a better viewing experience in details. This helps

the International E-cash network consultants to plan ahead for better deployment as well.

Recommendation - Anjitsu's Spectrum Master MS2713E will be used in identifying interferences

around International E-cash's headquarters as well as its branches.

Images

Name DragNet Mobile WiMAX Site

Survey software

YellowFin WiMAX

software

Manufacturer Berkeley Varitronics Systems

Compatibility 802.16e

Features - GPS positioning in real-

time

- KML, PDF, Excel format

- USB connectivity

- Maintains and optimizes



report support

- Google Earth compatibility

network

- Needs a dual channel

transmitter for detailed network

analysis

(Source: bvsystems.com)

Analysis Both of the softwares from the same vendor and support the same 802.16e standard. It

also seems that YellowFin WiMAX software is an older version of DragNet Mobile WiMAX

Site Survey software. Therefore, the latter is an updated version. When looked at both features

the GPS positioning in DragNet Mobile WiMAX Site Survey software device dependent for

network analysis as YellowFin WiMAX software requires an additional device for better site

survey results.

Recommendation - After comparing both softwares, the DragNet Mobile WiMAX Site Survey

software is best suited for International E-cash as it is compatible with the WiMAX standard

recommended for International E-cash that is 802.16e and secondly, its GPS positioning feature

can be used to collect data in real-time outdoor site surveys.

iv. Geographical location

Location is an essential part for International E-cash as its headquarters and two of its branches

should be located within shopping complexes and there are quite a number of shopping malls in

the whole of Kuala Lumpur. The main ones include Midvalley Megamall, The Boulevard,

SOGO Departmental Stores, and Sunway Pyramid. The most basic criteria for location is that

there should be less or no physical interference like buildings, other towers as mentioned by

D.Sweeney(2005).



Location The

Boulevard

Midvalley

Megamall

Sunway

Pyramid

SOGO

Departmental

Stores

Physical surroundings Many Less Less Less

Size (sf) 5479 3631 2250 3160

Number of floors. 2 2 1 2

Rental per month

(RM)

60,000 -

65,000

24,480 12,375 22752

Source: propwall.com.my(n.d)

Analysis - The Boulevard has many physical surroundings around it. This affects the

performance and coverage of WiMAX networks. When compared, the other three locations are

more suitable. In terms of size, though The Boulevard has the largest area per square feet which

makes it a suitable location but due to its physical surroundings it cannot be chosen but

Midvalley megamall can be chosen for the headquarters of International E-cash for the size and

its lesser physical surroundings compared to The Boulevard, Sunway Pyramid and SOGO (KL)

Departmental Stores.

Lastly, for the two branches, Sunway Pyramid and SOGO (KL) Departmental Stores are

both located at two different ends. The former is at Bandar Sunway and the other is at the heart

of Kuala Lumpur and Midvalley Megamall is located in between these two geographically.

These two have a better potential to be suitable branches for International E-cash. When the

rental for each location is analyzed, it seems that The Boulevard is the most expensive with an

estimated amount of RM 60000 to RM 65000.



Figure 1 shows distance between HQ and Sunway branch - 11.2km

(Source: maps.google.com)

Figure 2 shows distance between (A) HQ and (B) SOGO branch - 7.9km.




Figure 3 shows locations of (A) Midvalley headquarters and Sunway branches (B) and SOGO

(C).




Recommendation The headquarters for International E-cash will be situated at Midvalley

Megamall for its strategic location in Kuala Lumpur city and also the size of the office lot is big

enough with two floors. The pricing for the selected locations are still reasonable compared to

The Boulevard.

Economic feasibility The rental for the headquarters situated in Midvalley Megamall is RM

24,480 per month whereas the branches, Sunway Pyramid and SOGO (KL) Departmental Stores

are RM12375 and RM22752 respectively.

Hardware and Software Requirements

In order to set up a wireless connection between the Headquarter (HQ) of International E-Cash

and the branches, there are few hardware and software that will be required to develop and

implement the wireless connection.

HARDWARE

They are a few hardware that would be needed to implement the wireless connection between

HQ and its branches are as follows:

(a) WIMAX BASE STATION

(b) Backhaul Devices

(c) Antennas

(d) Subscriber / Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)



Figure 4 shows an example of a base station

Figure 5 shows and example of an Antenna for base station

Figure 6 shows an example of an Indoor CPE



Figure 5 shows an example of an Outdoor CPE

Each of the hardware mention above is crucially important to ensure a successful Wimax

deployment for International E-Cash wireless architecture. In the sections below, each main

component that has been chosen for our wireless network will be briefly explained.

Base Station

A base station is referred as a fixed communication location and is considered to be a part of a

wireless network (Techopedia, 2014). The base station functions by broadcasting information in

the form of signals to and from a transmitting/ receiving unit on the other side of the wireless

network. A base station is one of the most important hardware components in a wireless network

infrastructure. Selection a base station is critical as it determines Quality of Service (QoS)

provided to all subscribing units in its network. Hence, we have chosen one of the best Wimax

standard base stations to be deployed. An analysis has been conducted on the chosen base station

and justifications have been made why it is chosen among the vast base stations available in the

market.



The base station that we have chosen is the PureWave Quantum 6600 which is manufactured by

PureWave networks. This base station is compact in size, and is a high performance Mobile

Wimax base station and has been integrated with PureMax Smart Antenna technology. In a

standard antennas technology, energy is wasted since energy radiates indiscriminately and also

cells interfere with each other, which decreases maximum capacity and creates network

complexity. The smart antenna technology will be further discussed in the antenna section.

The Purewave 6600 base station can be deployed outdoors without the need of any shelter and

can be easily mounted anywhere require to provide its service. It has up to 6Rx and 6Tx antennas

and is able to provide coverage of approximate 24km with a standard base Wimax CPE. It is able

to cover a vast distant in rural areas , maximize the coverage in Non Line of Sight (NLOS)

conditions , delivering superior service to indoor subscribers and is able to withstand harsh

climate and conditions when deployed outdoor .

The base station is also equipped with Purewave Software Defined Radio Architecture (SDR)

which provides a great benefit to the future of International E-Cash. The software will be

discussed further in the software section later on. This base station, when connected with a

backhaul device, may provide effective data transfer between 2 base stations located in a wide

distance without any loss in the quality and speed. This means that as more branches of

International E-Cash is opened in the future; more base stations can be added to cover a wide

distance and radius to provide excellent undisrupted data transfer between all the base stations

and back to the branches. A GPS is also attached to provide real time accurate locations of the

base station at all times.



Technical Feasibility of Base Station

Figure 6 shows specifications of The PureWave Quantum 6600 Base station by PureWave

Source:http://www.purewavenetworks.com/portals/0/docs/PureWave_Quantum6600_DS_May2011.pdf



Figure 7 shows PureWave Quantum 6600 base station

Figure 8 shows PureWave 6600 base station in action



Comparison of two base stations

PureWave Quantum 6600 HiperMAX

Frequency Band (GHz) 2.3-2.4, 2.496-2.69, 3.3-3.4,

3.4-3.6, 3.6-3.8,3.65(US)

2.3, 2.5, 3.3,

3.5, 3.7, 4.9

Antenna Technology MIMO, Smart Technology MIMO

Environmental Protection Lightning, Surge Protector,

Vibration and dust proof,

Extreme weather protection

ETS 300 019-1-4 Class 4.1E

ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.2

Coverage distance Up to 24km Up to 15km

Table 1: Comparison of two base stations

Base Station Analysis, Evaluation and Justification

This base station was chosen for some specific reason. Below are the results of an analysis.

Chosen Base Station: PureWave Quantum 6600 by PureWave Networks.

Features Justification Comments

Extensive Superior Range The Purewave base station is able to equip up

to 6 antennas at once which greatly increase

both uplink and downlink performance,

Up to 24 km coverage



providing maximum coverage to users.

Greater Capacity The PureWave base station has increased

throughput at any range due to improved link

performance factor, making it very useful to

cover the distance between our branches.

Aggregate(per sector):

Up to 53Mbps,

Downlink: Up to

43Mbps, Uplink: Up to

20Mbps

Flexible Mounting The unit can be mounted nearly anywhere

without the need of remote RF heads.

Towers, utility

poles, walls, roof tops

100 % Weather and

Lightning Proof

The base station is able to withstand harsh

weather conditions and there is no need for us

to invest on providing shelter for it.

Temperature : (

-40C to +55C)

Weatherproofing:

(IEC IP67 cables)

Others : Surges and

Lightning Protection

Software Defined Radio This is a feature in which it supports remote

field upgrades of any future new

functionalities and standards, making it very

suitable for International E-Cash, since this is

a one-time investment and any new

functionalities and standards can be easily

upgraded with this base station.

None



Powerful Management This base station comes along with a

management software which will help us to

continue monitoring the performance and the

conditions of the base station and the overall

wireless network at all times .Hence, there is

no need to purchase a third party management

software for this base station, thus reducing

cost.

PureView EMS/NMS,

Remote CLI,

Web Interface, SNMP

v2c & v3

Smart Antenna Technology The self-calibrating antenna technology allows

this base station to effectively delegate its

energy into needing subscriber unit without

wasting any energy, which may result in

slower data transfer.

MIMO Matrix A,

MIMO Matrix B,

Cyclic

Delay Diversity, MRC,

UL Collaborative

Spatial Multiplexing

Table 2: Analysis of the chosen base station for E-Cash wireless network

Recommendation

We recommend that International E-Cash should take the initiative to continuously seek any new

updates and improvement special designed for this base station and implement it when possible

to ensure effective service from the base station, which allows International E-Cash to provide

service to its clients effectively. In case there are more branches to be opened in the future,

International E-Cash are strongly recommended to implement more base stations to provide

better connectivity to the respective base station without overloading a base station to transmit to

multiple base station.



Backhaul Device

What is backhaul device? - Transmission of data between a cell site and

a switch (Webopedia, 2014).

The purpose of backhaul device? -provides optimal point to point connectivity

for high-throughput, long distance links.

-connect two base stations which are at

distance from one another

Benefits of backhaul device - allocate bandwidth in the specific direction

needed

- optimize data traffic to provide a very high

throughput over high bandwidth long range

links between the base stations

Justification of using backhaul device in E-Cash -the backhaul will create a point to point

connection between the two base stations.

- base stations will be able to allocate

bandwidth respectively in the directions to

the specific branches without loss of

throughput

-efficient signal transmitting between two base

station

Chosen backhaul device for E-Cash

implementation

Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo backhaul device

Table 3: Backhaul Device Justification and Analysis



Figure 9 shows a backhaul device which connects multiple base stations

Hence, for International E-Cash wireless network, we will be using Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo

backhaul device to provide a backhaul connection between the two base stations operating in

different locations. The main purpose we decided to implement a backhaul device is to preserve

the quality of data transfer between two base stations when travelling over long distance, hence

achieving high performance and reliability of transfer speed, high bandwidth connection and

throughput

Figure 10 shows Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo backhaul device



Figure 11 shows Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo backhaul device features



Technical Feasibility of Backhaul Device

The specification of the chosen backhaul device is as below.

Figure 12 shows Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo specifications

(Source: http://www.gowifi.co.nz/specs/LigoPTP23_5MiMo.pdf)

Additional Note: This backhaul device is protected again harsh weather conditions and also from

lightning. Hence, no extra protection is needed.



Key Features

Dedicated Access

Backhaul

Private networks

Flexible center channel and channel width capability (20/40 MHz) for throughput

optimization

Radio rate of up to 300Mbps

True TCP throughput up to 220 Mbps

Gigabit Ethernet port

Advanced proprietary W-jet wireless protocol

Internal Accelerometer

65,000 High packet-per-second (PPS) rate ideal for VOIP backhaul applications Low packet latency (2ms)

Great spectral efficiency (7.5 bit/ Hz)

ARQ (Selective Repeat) for very high throughput

Dynamic TDD for allocating bandwidth in real-time to the direction needed

Integrated dual-polarized antenna (2 N-type conectors for the LigoPTP 5-N MiMo

product)

PoE built-in for single cable installation

Advanced security technologies

Comprehensive management features

Web GUI

Command line management via SSH

RCMS server support for configuration

SNMP V1/2/3 with traps supporting MIBs: 802.11, 802.1x, MIBII

Syslog support

Compatible with LigoWave link calculator

Real-time alerts

Rugged articulating bracket solution for multi-facet mounting

Oled screen and beeper for alignment

IP-67 compliant

Figure 13 shows Special Features of Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo



Antenna

An antenna is said to be a conductor that can transmit, send and receive signals such as microwave, radio

or satellite signal (Webopedia, 2014). In our wireless network, antennas play a crucial role to transmit and

send wireless signal to other receiving antennas in order to transfer information in our wireless network.

All the base stations will be equipped with suitable antennas to transmit and receive signals.

For our wireless connection, we would be using two types of antenna which is sector antennas and panel

antennas. The sector antennas will be able to broadcast at angles of 60,90 and 120 degrees. The panel

antenna will be the backhaul antenna, Ligo PTP 5-23/5N MiMo, which will provide point to point

backhaul broadcasting between both base stations.

Technical Feasibility of Antenna

Sector Antennas 60 degrees 90 degrees 120 degrees

Frequency range 3400-3600-MHZ 3300-3800-MHz 3400-3600-MHz

Gain (dBi) 18dBi 18dBi 15dBi

Horizontal beam

width

60 degrees 90 degrees 120 degrees



Vertical beam

width

7 degrees 12 degrees 7 degrees

F/B ratio (dB) 25-dB > 23 > 25

Polarization Horizontal or vertical Vertical Vertical

Impedance 50 50 50

Maximum input

power

100 W 500W 100W

Connector N female or

customized

N female N female

Antenna dimension 72017560mm 103016075mm 70016070mm

Table 4: Description of all the three types of wimax sector antennas [Data from(Gu & Li, 2011]



Operational Feasibility

After the comparison of antennas above, we have chosen to use the 120 degree antenna in our

base stations to provide connection to all CPE. The reason we choose sector antennas compared

to Omni-directional antennas are because omni- directional antennas provide a 360 degree

coverage but has low Quality of Service (QoS) since the signal are dispersed at a wider area. By

using the 120 degree antennas, the signal will be transmitted directly towards the location where

our branches are exactly without the loss of signal quality. The base station will be connected

with the other base station via the backhaul antenna which provides Line of Sight (LOS)

connection. The Bukit Bintang base station tower will be built in Bukit Bintang area, providing

LOS connection to the headquarter in Midvalley, since the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)

at Midvalley Headquarter would be an outdoor CPE.

The branch at Sogo will also be connected via Non Line of Sight (NLOS) to the Bukit Bintang

Tower. The Petaling Jaya Tower will provide Non Line of Sight (NLOS) connection to Bandar

Sunway branch via an indoor CPE since there are many obstructions between both the locations.

The Petaling Jaya tower will also provide LOS connection to the HQ at Midvalley via outdoor

CPE at Midvalley. Hence, the 120 degree antenna provides full sector coverage to all the

locations of the branches as well as the Headquarter. The antennas will help to transmit the

signal to all branches with maximum quality as possible.

Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)

In our wireless network, we will be using CPE's to gain wireless access from the base stations

that will be deployed. In order to choose whether to use an indoor CPE or outdoor CPE, we first

researched on two factors, Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS).



Line of Sight (LOS)

Line of sight is when a signal travels over the air directly from a wireless transmitter to a

wireless receiver without passing through any obstruction. If LOS is successful implemented, the

signal transmitted can reach long distance with better signal strength and higher throughput.

Non Line of Sight (NLOS)

Non Line of Sight happens when a signal travels over from a wireless transmitter to a wireless

receiver after encountering multiple obstructions. It is possible for the signals to be refracted,

reflected, diffracted, absorbed or scattered and this multiple signals will reach the receiver at

different times, from different paths and different strength. However, there are few method

implemented to overcome the problem in NLOS.

Figure 13: LOS AND NLOS

Figure 14 shows LOS and NLOS

Hence, after analyzing the impact of LOS and NLOS, we have decided to make use of both

indoor and outdoor CPE's to receive signals from base stations. We would be using AirSpan

CPE's in our wireless network.



Indoor CPE

Figure 15 shows M-Easy V35 Indoor CPE by Airspan

Manufacture Model AWB, RG211

Frequency 3.6-3.8 GHz

Chipset Sequans

Maximum Transmit Power (dBm) 23

Antenna 2 external antennas, 5dBi

Special Features Data only

Table 5: Indoor CPE specification



Outdoor CPE

Figure 16 shows outdoor CPE by Airspan

Manufacture Model KZ, Airstream 4001

Frequency 700, 800 MHz, 2.3-2.7, 3.5 GHz

Chipset Sequans

Maximum Transmit Power (dBm) 2*23

Antenna 15dBi

Special Features Internal or external antenna

Table 6: Outdoor CPE specification



Economic Feasibility

Hardware Price

Base station $ 11995 x 2 units = $ 23990

CPE (Outdoor) $300

CPE (Indoor) $150x2=$300

Backhaul Device $649 x 2 =$1298

Antennas (120 degree) $7000

Total (estimated ) $32888 (RM 109319.84)

Table 7: Economic Estimation for hardware

Software

Besides the hardware components, we now move on to the software that we will be using while

operating the International E-Cash wireless network. In this part, we will be talking about the

software to monitor the operation of our base stations and backhaul device. The software is as

listed below.

PureView Network Management System (NMS)

The PureView NMS enables the easy management of wireless access networks. Using an

intuitive interface, it delivers versatile and powerful management options. By using this

software, E-Cash can continuously monitor their network and analysis statistics based on the

history stored but the software on the network usage. The PureView management software also

delivers powerful management capabilities for the PureWave Quantum 6600 base stations that

will be used by International E-Cash in its wireless network. Hence, monitoring the performance

of the base stations will be easy and effective. This software is Operating System independent so

it can be operated on both Windows and Linux platform.

Some of the features of the PureView Network Management System software are:



Google Maps integration

Configuration: Basic or Advanced

Bulk Operations

Configuration backup and restore

Service Flow

Discovery : Manual or Automatic

NMS user ADMINISTRATION : users, profiles views and as

Server access through web browser or remote client

Security Management

Network Discovery and Mapping

Logical and Map views

Fault and Alarm Management

Real Time and History Performance Management

Figure 17 shows features of Network Management System

Recommendations:

Hardware Recommendation

Base Station We recommend that International E-Cash

should take the initiative to continuously seek

any new updates and improvement special

designed for this base station and implement

it when possible to ensure effective service

from the base station, which allows

International E-Cash to provide service to its

clients effectively. In case there are more

branches to be opened in the future ,

International E-Cash are strongly

recommended to implement more base

stations to provide better connectivity to the



respective base station without overloading a

base station to transmit to multiple base

station.

Antenna We recommend that International E-Cash

implements more antennas if more branches

are opened in different location in the future

to provide better throughput and connectivity

to the specific branch.

Table 8: Proposed Recommendations



Figure 18 shows Petaling Jaya tower

Legend:

Branch / CPE

Base station tower

Tower signal



Figure 19 shows Bukit Bintang Tower



Figure 20 shows Overall Overview Wireless International E-Cash Wimax Solution



Location Location Distance

Petaling Jaya Tower Bandar Sunway Branch 5.1km

Petaling Jaya Tower Midvalley HQ 12.0km

Petaling Jaya Tower Bukit Bintang Tower 18.6km

Bukit Bintang Tower Sogo Branch 3.4km

Bukit Bintang Tower Midvalley HQ 7.8km

Table 9: Distance between Tower, HQ and Branches



Security Implementation and Considerations

Protocol Layers of WiMAX

How does the 802.16e standard security works?

Figure 21 shows OSI Layer

(Source:hossainhere.files.wordpress.com/.../analysis-and-assessment-the-security-i..)



Based on the figure 20, it shows that IEEE 802.16 network standard follows the Open System

Interconnection (OSI) which has seven-layers which also known as OSI Seven layers. It begins

from the Application layer or layer 7 on the top and finishes with Physical (PHY) layer, or layer

1, on the bottom.

The seven layers in the OSI Layer have their different function. Each layer utilizes the functions

of the lower layer utilizes the functions of the lower layer and transfers data to its higher layer.

For Example, Internet Protocol (IP) is in the Routing Layer or in the Layer 3sends data to its

higher layer which is Transport Layer which also known as layer 4.Generally, the higher layers

are implemented in software and the lower layers are implemented in hardware.

The specific layers which plays vital role on the WiMAX /802.16 is physical and Data Link

layers. As we go deeper in Data Link Layer, there are divided into two sub layers. These are

Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The physical

connection is responsible to the between two communication entities. Besides, the Media Access

Control (MAC) layer is responsible for the maintenance of the connection.

Figure 22 shows Protocol Architecture of IEEE 802.16.

(Source: www.ijcaonline.org/volume20/number2/pxc3873199.pdf)

1) Convergence Sub-Layer

2) MAC Common Part Sub-Layer

3) Security Sub-Layer

4) Physical Layer

MAC Lay

Physical Layer



Above Figure 21 shows the MAC Layer is segmented into three sub layers such as CS

(Convergence Sub layer), the CPS (Common Part Sub layer) and the Security Sub layer.

This sub layer plays a vital role on the security on IEEE 802.16. The reason is this is the only sub

layer which provides secure key exchange and encryption which has protocols and

authentication.

Figure shows security MAC sub layer

Source: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse571-09/ftp/wimax2/

3) Security Sub-Layer



Comparison

Authentication

Types of Authentication in IEEE 802.16e

EAP

Differences

RSA

http://www.codealias.info/technote

s/performance_evaluation_of_wire

less_security_systems_part_1

Diagram

http://www.mysamplecode.com/20

11/08/rsa-encryption-decryption-

using-bouncy.html

Extensible Authentication Protocol

based Authentication

Long

Acronym

Rivest- Shami-Adleman(RSA)

Authentication

1) EAP-AKA (Authentication

and Key Agreement) for

Type of

authenticatio

n

X.509 digital certificates together

with RSA encryption



SIM based authentication.

2) EAP-TLS(Transport Layer

Security) for X.509 based

authentication

Referred to Analysis and Literature Review of IEEE 802.16e (Mobile WiMax) Security.pdf

Analysis for Authentication

Based on the table above, Extensible Authentication Protocol is better than Rivest-Shami-

Adleman (RSA) authentication. The reason is EAP does have different type of authentication.

There are EAP-AKA (Authentication and key agreement) for SIM based authentication, and

EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security) for X.509 based authentication. The drawback of RSA it

just uses two type of keys such as public and private keys. It is not suitable for a company to

secure loads of packet that carry from one station to another base station.



Authorization

Types of Private Key Management in IEEE 802.16

PKM v1 Differences PKM v2

RSA-based one-way

authentication: the BS

authenticates

Authentication

Mutual authentication:

Supports two authentication

methods: EAP or RSA

Use of three encryption

algorithms:3 DES, RSA and

AES

Key Encryption

New encryption method

implemented: AES with Key

Wrap

nn

Referred to the:

http://etutorials.org/Networking/wimax+technology+broadband+wireless+access/Part+Four+Div

erse+Topics/Chapter+15+Security/15.2+Authentication+and+the+PKM+Protocol/

Based on the table, Private Key Management (PKM) v2 is preferable compare to the Private Key

Management v1. The reason is it has two types of authentication such as EAP and RSA. EAP

also known as Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) can be used for company usage such as

secure transaction and subscriptions. The drawback of PKMv1 is it has is using Data Encryption

Standard which easily can be brute force and steal confidential data in the company.



Encryption

Type of Encryption in IEEE 802.16e

AES

Differences

DES

Sourcehttp://commons.wikimedia.o

rg/wiki/File:AES-ShiftRows.png)

Diagram

Source:(http://www.smartcardbasics

.com/smart-card-security2.html)

Advanced Encryption Standard Long

acronym

Data Encryption Standard

128, 192, 256bits Encryption

Key size

56

128 Blocks size 64



Analysis

Based on the table above, Advanced Encryption Standard is better than Data Encryption

Standard. AES is having more encryption key size such as 128, 192, or 256 bit encryption key

size compare to the DES.. In the view of block size of DES, it has 64 bits. AES has 128 bits

twice than DES. By using this encryption, we can prevent brute force attack.

Recommendation

AES Encryption is highly recommended for the International e-cash because the this company is

dealing highly risky business and data such as money transactional activities, customers personal

details such as account number and password, and contact number. The good impact of using

this encryption is, this company can prevent their network system from occurring brute force

attack by using 128, 192, 256 bit encryption key. As the encryption key get longer, the intruders

will feel much harder to break into the system. AES can carry out more data compare because it

has DES. The reason is DES has 64 bits which only can carry maximum data is 32GB with a

single key but AES It means than DES with 64 bits maximum can only sent with a single

encryption key is 32GB but AES which has maximum can sent 256 billion gigabytes.

The next security requirement that recommended implementing is Extensible Authentication

Protocol. EAP can be implemented in the two types such as EAP-AKA, and EAP-TLS.EAP-



Monitoring and Maintenance

Monitoring

Network monitoring refers to the tradition of controlling the operations of a computer network

using specialized software management tools. Network monitoring and maintenance helps

network administrators identify faulty network devices or potential security threat issues. There

are various tools used for monitoring and maintaining the network in International E-Cash.

One of the tools is provided from the PureWave Quantum 6600 base station itself. It is called as

PureView Network Management System (NMS). Carrier grade, comprehensive and scalable

management for the PureWave Quantum Base Stations, PureView NMS can manage and

monitor the performance of thousands base stations. It is specially designed to facilitate large

networks through automatic discovery of network physical and logical topology. Fault

Management, system configuration and provisioning with bulk operations, comprehensive

inventory views and enhanced performance management designed to manage wireless networks.

Technical Feasibility

PureView NMS supports up to 1000 base stations with CPE's on a single server and on a

multiple servers it can go up to 100 000 base stations. The fault management system provides

events and active alarms displays. The alarms can be customized according to users preference

like users can sort and filter alarms, focus on a group or single device, opt for e-mail notification

and export both alarms and events to a CSV file. PureView NMS offers monitoring and

controlling tools such as:

1. Google Maps integration

2. Configuration: Basic or Advanced

3. Bulk Operations

4. Configuration Backup and Restore



5. Service Flows

6. Discovery: Manual or Automatic

7. NMS user administration: users, profiles, views

8. Server access through web browser or remote client

9. 3GPP standards based

Specifications

NMS Operating System Support NMS Server

- Windows 2008/2012 Server

- Centos/Red Hat Linux Server

NMS Client (remote GUI)

- Windows 2008/2012 Server

- Windows 7/8

-Ubuntu

Database Support MySQL Database

Minimal NMS Server Hardware Requirements Dual core 2.8 GHz , 8 MB Cache

4GB of RAM

10/100/1000 Ethernet Interface

CD-ROM

160 GB Hard Drive

Dedicated Server / VM Support

.




The term 'economic feasibility' refers to financial viability of a given business venture. This

study is usually very important to carry out before starting out any business since the main aim

of a business is profitability (Ask.Com, 2014). It also involves economic benefit and loss that

may result from the project in a business. Below in the table are the costs of the PureView NMS.

Model Number Product Description of

Product

Type of Product

Detail

Price

096-00501-001 PureView

Network

Management

System Software

PureWave NMS

Software -

required

Software $ 11995 x 2 units

= $ 23990

096-00500-001 PureView

Network

Management

Software Base

Station License

NMS Licence -

per managed

Base Station

License $500 x 2 units

= $ 1000

Recommendation:

Using PureView NMS network administrators are able to monitor their network and investigate

problems faced by the company itself. PureView NMS's integrated map functionality allows

operators to see at a glance where problems may exist with their network operations, and which

customers may be affected. In addition, with the integrated Google Maps, north bound interfaces,

and available API's, PureView NMS can be easily integrated to any operator's network

management strategy supporting the standard. I would recommend International E-Cash this tool

because it best suits the Wimax standard.



Figure 23 shows the image above shows the Google Maps integration

(Source: http://www.pwnets.com/solutions/network-management-system)



Figure 24 shows the image above shows the network being deployed in the city.




Figure 25 shows the image above shows the network being configured.




Aeroflex 3250 Spectrum Analyzers

Figure 26 shows Aeroflex Spectrum Analyzer.

(Source:http://www.aeroflex.com/ats/products/product/Spectrum_Analyzers_and_Signal_Analyz

ers/3250_Series_Spectrum_Analyzers~684.html)

Aeroflex's 3250 series has been developed to employs the latest digital processing and RF

technology providing accomplished accuracy, stability and measurement speed. To support the

evolving wireless communication market, the 3250 incorporates a standard 30 MHz bandwidth

digitizer and digital modulation analysis. With its powerful RF performance and advanced

applications the 3250 series is best suited for RF development, design analysis and testing. The

frequencies of 3250 series are below:

Series Frequency

3251 1 kHz - 3 GHz

3252 1 kHz - 8 GHz

3253 1 kHz - 13.2 GHz

3254 1 kHz - 26.5 GHz




This spectrum analyzer includes the widest 30 MHz bandwidth vector analyzer in its class as

well as generic digital modulation analysis S/W as standard on all modes. The features of this

analyzers are:

1. Low DANL and Phase Noise

2. 30 MHz analysis bandwidth

3. Automatic Power Measurements

4. Phase Noise Measurement

5. Vector Modulation Analysis

6. Full range of wireless measurement options

7. Pre-compliance EMI Receiver and pre-selection filters options

8. Choice of 3GHz or 8GHz tracking generator option

9. DC Power Input and Battery Pack Option

10. Touch Screen Display and Remote Control



Figure 27 shows the whole summary of Aeroflex Spectrum Analyzer.

(Source: http://www.aeroflex.com/ats/products/prodfiles/brochures/3250_Brochure.pdf)



Tektronix RSA6000 Spectrum Analyzers

Figure 28 shows Tektronix RSA6000 Spectrum Analyzer.

(Source: http://www.tek.com/spectrum-analyzer/rsa6000)

The high performance RSA6000 Spectrum Analyzer will help network administrator to easily

discover design issues. This analyzer has leading dynamic range and bandwidth combination and

hence coupled with the unique DPX Live RF Spectrum display. It gives immediate confidence in

the stability and instantly displaying a fault when it occurs. The frequencies of RSA6000 series

are below:

Model Capture Bandwidth Frequency Range

RSA6106B 40 MHz - 110 MHz 9 kHz - 6.2 GHz

RSA6114B 40 MHz - 110 MHz 1 Hz - 6.2 GHz

RSA5115A 40 MHz - 110 MHz 9kHz - 14 GHz

RSA5126A 40 MHz - 110 MHz 9kHz - 20 GHz




The features of these analyzers are:

Features Description

1. High-performance Spectrum Analysis 20 dBm 3rd Order Intercept at 2 GHz,

Typical

Displayed Average Noise Level 151 dBm/Hz at 2 GHz (170 dBm/Hz, Preamp On, typical) enables Low-level

Signal Search

0.5 dB Absolute Amplitude Accuracy

to 3 GHz for High Measurement

Confidence

Fully Preselected and Image Free at All

Times for Maximum Dynamic Range at

Any Acquisition Bandwidth

Fastest High-resolution Sweep Speed:

1 GHz sweep in 10 kHz RBW in less than

1 second

2. Discover DPX Spectrum Processing provides

an Intuitive Understanding of Time-varying

RF Signals with Color-graded Displays

based on Frequency of Occurrence

Revolutionary DPX Displays

Transients with a Minimum Event Duration

of 3.7 s Swept DPX Spectrum enables

Unprecedented Signal Discovery over Full

Instrument Span

3. Trigger Trigger on Frequency Edge or Power

Level Transients with a Minimum Event

Duration of 3.8 s in the Frequency Domain, 9.1 ns in Time Domain

DPX Density Trigger Activated Directly from DPX Display

Time-qualified and Runt Triggers Trap

Elusive Transients

Frequency Mask Trigger Captures Any

Change in Frequency Domain



4. Capture Up to 1.7 s Acquisitions at 110 MHz

Bandwidth can be Directly Stored as

MATLAB Compatible Files Gap-free Spectrogram Records up to

4444 Days of Spectral Information for

Analysis and Replay

Interfaces with TekConnect Probes for

RF Probing

5. Analyze Time-correlated Multidomain Displays

for Quicker Understanding of Cause and

Effect when Troubleshooting

Power, Spectrum, and Statistics

Measurements help you Characterize

Components and Systems: Channel Power,

ACLR, Power vs. Time, CCDF,

OBW/EBW, and Spur Search

AM/FM/PM Modulation and Audio

Measurements (Opt. 10)

Phase Noise and Jitter Measurements

(Opt. 11)

Settling Time Measurements,

Frequency, and Phase (Opt. 12)

Pulse Measurements (Opt. 20) Over 20 Vector and Scalar Parameters including

Rise Time, Pulse Width, Pulse-to-Pulse

Phase provide Deep Insight into Pulse Train

Behavior

General Purpose Digital Modulation

Analysis (Opt. 21) provides Vector Signal

Analyzer Functionality for Over 20

Modulation Types

Flexible OFDM analysis of 802.11a/g/j

and WiMAX 802.16-2005



Specifications of the analyzers are as below:

Source: (Tektronix Product Catalog, 2013)


Product Price

Aeroflex 3253 $ 68000

Tektronix Spectrum

Analyzer

$ 82,400



Comparisons on both Aeroflex and Tektronix Spectrum Analyzer

Aeroflex 3253

Tektronix Spectrum Analyzer

Frequency 1 kHz - 13.2 GHz 9 kHz - 14 GHz

Features - Portability

- High accuracy and

reliability

- Standard 30 MHz I/Q

demodulation bandwidth

- DPX Live RF spectrum

display

-Multi-domain time

correlation

- Automatic pulse

measurement and detection

Price $ 68000 $ 82,400

Source: (Tek.com)

Recommendation

For International E-cash, Tektronix Spectrum Analyzer is most suitable to monitor its WiMAX

network as its frequency range is includes 3.5 GHz. The DPX Live RF spectrum display deters

abnormal signal behavior accurately. This will enable to identify International E-cash's network

abnormalities. Its multi-domain time correlation feature quickens analysis and troubleshooting in

multiple domains. Such a feature prevents intrusion as fast as possible if ever International E-

cash's WiMAX network is exploited.



Maintenance

Maintenance of the system and hardware equipments is equally necessary in International E-

Cash. There are two types of maintenance which are carried out. They are corrective

maintenance, preventive maintenance, planned based maintenance and condition based

maintenance.

Corrective Maintenance (L.C.Morow 1952)

Corrective maintenance is a one type of a maintenance task performed to identify, isolate

and rectify faulty hardware equipments and system. It also can be defined as the

maintenance which is required due to equipments being failed or worn out to bring it

back to working order. Corrective maintenance may consist of repairs, restorations and or

replacement of equipments. This maintenance would be considered as a regular

inspection in the company and it is always has to be scheduled beforehand. The

employees would realize problems with the system and the hardware equipments and

then report to technicians regarding it. Technicians will rectify the problems and come up

with a solution. It is advised that corrective maintenance should be done every three

months once to avoid problems at all cost.

Preventive Maintenance

Preventive maintenance is a type of planned maintenance task performed to tests,

measurements, adjustments and also part replacements to prevent faults from occurring.

Preventive maintenance can be divided into two such as planned maintenance and

conditioned based maintenance.

Planned maintenances are usually preplanned whereas conditioned based maintenance

are usually performed when after one or more indications shows the hardware equipment

or system is going to fail.(Brian Wood 2003) Technicians do this preventive maintenance

from time to time depending on how severe the problem could bring to the company.



Conditioned based maintenance is a type of maintenance which needs arises.

(Gopalakrishna Palem 2013) The maintenance is performed after one or more indicators

showing that the equipment is going to fail.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Planned Maintenance

Advantages Disadvantages

Easier for purchasing standby equipments. More expensive due to replacing equipment or

equipment parts.

Costs of repairs are distributed equally. Requires training investment and on-going

labor costs

(Brian Wood 2003)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Condition Based Maintenance

Advantages Disadvantages

Improved system reliability High installation costs for minor equipment

parts

Decreased maintenance cost Unpredictable maintenance because costs are

to be shared equally

Decreased number of maintenance operations

(Gopalakrishna Palem 2013)

Recommendation

I recommend to International E-Cash to use all four types of maintenance in order to have a

successful network.



Conclusion

Finally, the proposal of International E-Cash wireless network has been prepared. By

implementing the proposal, the headquarter and the branches will be able to communicate via

wireless. By conducting research and preparing the proposal, our network team has gain various

new knowledge on wireless technology. We have learnt the new wireless standards as well as the

numerous new hardware and software that have emerged in the technology market. In the future,

we would recommend including the upcoming 802.16m Wimax standard for any future

International E-Cash branches being opened, as well as incorporating new hardware and

software technology which are currently under development.



References

MERVYN ANTHONY FRANCIS (TP029324)

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RARSHVINDRAN A/L MASLAMANI (TP026565)

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VETRIKUMAR MANUGARAN (TP033342)

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DARINI SHANMUGAVEL (TP025581)

3g.co.uk. 2014. New Series of Spectrum Analyzers from Aeroflex. [online] Available at:

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Gantt Chart



Workload Matrix

Name Task/Responsibility Signature

Darini Shanmugavel

(TP025581)

Monitoring and Maintenance

considerations

(Part D)

Rarshvindran a/l Maslamani

(TP026565)

Site survey and other related

considerations for deploying

Wireless solutions

(Part A)

Vetrikumar Manugaran

(TP033342)

Security implementations

requirements

(Part C)

Mervyn Anthony Francis

(TP029324)

Hardware and Software

requirements, considerations,

and justifications

(Part B)



Marking Scheme

INDIVIDUAL COMPONENT (70%) GROUP

COMPONENT

(30%)

Pre

senta

tion (

10)

Rep

ort

conte

nt

(10)

Dia

gra

ms

and/o

r F

igure

s

(20)

Anal

yti

cal

and C

riti

cal

Thin

kin

g (

20)

Pro

gre

ss R

eport

(5

)

Work

load

Mat

rix (

5)

Ind

ivid

ual

Tota

l (7

0)

Ass

um

pti

ons

(5)

Docu

men

tati

on (

10)

Ref

eren

cing (

15)

Gro

up

Tota

l (3

0)

Gra

nd

Tota

l (1

00)

Darini Shanmugavel

Rarshvindran a/l

Maslamani

Vetrikumar a/l

Manugaran

Mervyn Anthony

Francis

mwt completed documentation

Documents

international ecash

international ecash

mobile wireless technology

wireless technology

mwt lecturers

wireless network connection

project budget

kuala lumpur