BENITO MUSSOLINI

GROUP MEMBERS :

Bhavyesh Ashar : 13014Bindi Shah : 13015Disha Bhojani : 13020 (Team Leader)Harsh Shah : 13028Jay Lolyiana : 13035Mansi Sraoi : 13041

MUSSOLINIFATHER OF FASCISM

•July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945

•Head of Italian government 1922 – 1943

•Grew up in an environment that was heavily socialist, republican, and nationalist.

•Leader of multiple political movements• 1914 – Autonomous Fascists • 1917 – Revolutionary Fascists • 1918 – Constituent Fascists • 1919 – Fighting Fascists• 1921 – National Fascist Party

WHAT EXACTLY IS FASCISM?

• Concept• Foundation• Giovanni Gentile

FACTORS THAT LED TO SINGLE PARTY STATE

• Mussolini believed war was the perfect opportunity for change.

• Italy’s suffered economic, social, and political instability because of war.

• The recruitment of the Blackshirts militia. • Weakness of the government and the collapse of

the Left. (Cook)

MUSSOLINI AS A LEADER

Managed almost all

government Offices

Control Economy

Took out the country

from economy turmoil

Became Known as“ll Duce”

Physica

l

•Appearance, Energy & Height

Mental

•Intelligence & Ability

Personality

•Aggressive, enthusiastic & self-confidenceTas

k Related

Qualities of

Mussolini as a leader

• Initiative, Achievement Drive

• Mussolini was perceived as the BEST of the leaders.

• Mussolini’s style of leadership – AUTHORATIVE & at a certain also EXPERT

• Performed Leadership Roles – Educating, Communicating & Leading the Change

• Mussolini’s Leadership was a result of Strong Will – Power & Hardwork

• Mussolini was an Autocratic Leader & gained followers by striking fear into them with his secret police force

• Mussolini’s followers – some asset, some neutral & some liabilities

• Mussolini was made leader by King Victor Emmanuel II

MUSSOLINI’S SUCCESSES

1. EARLY ACHIEVEMENTS

Mussolini Journalist & editor

Joined Italian Army

Editor of Popolo d’Italia

2. RISE TO POWER

Took Advantage of poor condition

Attacked Vittiorio Orlando

Black Shirts

Appointed as Prime Minister

3. MUSSOLINI AS DICTATOR• Public-Work Program• Improving various sectors of Italian Affairs• Mussolini won jurisdiction of the Vatican through

an agreement with the Papacy.• Captured capital of Ethiopia.• Signed non-military alliance with Adolf Hitler and

Nazi Germany• Invaded and captured Albania• Pact of Steel with Nazi Germany

4. POST-DISMISSAL ACHIEVEMENTS

Rescued from prison by Adolf Hitler and Otto Skorzeny

Salo Republic

Arrested and executed five people that voted against him on the Fascist Grand Council

MUSSOLINI’S FAILURES

1. INVASION FAILURES

• Invaded Ethiopia• Invaded Greece• Suffered from war in North Africa

2. FAILURES AS A LEADER

• Dependent on Nazi Germany for survival• Galaezzo Ciano became dissatisfied with

Mussolini• Ciano resigned

3. LOSS OF LANDS• In July 1943, US and British forces attacked Italy

• Great amounts of land were confiscated:

July 10 – Gela, Licata, and Vittoria July 11 – Pallazolo July 13 – AugustaJuly 14 – Vizzini, Biscani Airfield, and

Niscemi July 22 – Palermo

4. END OF MUSSOLINI

July 25, 1943 – Dismissal from office

April 23, 1945 – Allied Army crossed River Po at Montua

April 27, 1945 – Was captured

THANK YOU