music through history using music in the social studies curriculum megan puckett

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Music Through History Using Music in the Social Studies Curriculum Megan Puckett

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Music Through History

Using Music in the Social Studies Curriculum

Megan Puckett

Medieval Period (476-1400)

Gregorian Chant- supposed creator Pope Gregory I Usually written in Latin and easily passed around Chants were written in syllabic, melismatic or neumatic

styles Music was transferred by troubadours, trouveres and

minnesinger Polyphony happens mid-9th Century Mensural notation (note values) happens mid-13th

century; followed by Franconian and Petronian notations Ars Nova (new art) begins in 14th century by Phillippe de

Vitry

Important Medieval Composers

Messe de Notre Dame (Guillaume de Machaut)- the first cyclical cycle of Mass Ordinary

Secular styles of composition: France-formes fixes, ballade, virelai, rondeaux,

canon;Italy- balata, madrigal, cacciaEngland- rondellus

Renaissance (1400-1600)

Protestant Reformation brings about other faiths/ churches and secular courts grow in size, number and importance (arts are important)

Most music is unwritten at this time, shared from person-to-person by memory; that which is written is done by hand and expensive; music printing begins in early 16th century

Most music is composed by the common man Was essential to play/sing/read music & instruments Bassoon invented.

Instruments of Renaissance Period

Keyboards are invented

Secular styles of composition:

Italy- chanson, frottola, madrigal

Germany- lieder, tenorlied, chorale

Spain- villancico

England- lute song, anthem, Italian madrigal

Important Renaissance Composers

Guillame DuFay (1397-1474) serves in Papal Chapels in Rome, Florence, Bologna, Savoy writing mostly in French

Josquin des Prez (1450-1521) French; serves in Milan, Rome, Ferrara and Notre Dame

John Dunstable (1390-1453) English; traveled in France

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525 or 26-1594) Italian

Orlando de Lassus (1530 or 32- 1594) served in Italy and Bavaria

Baroque Period (1600-1750)

Age of Absolutism (king authority) France leads in utilizing the arts (Louis XIV) Theaters and opera houses flourish and

compete against one another in London, Hamburg and Venice

Music often conveyed a single emotion Music is primarily written for the Church or

court Cello, oboe and trombone are invented

Important Baroque Composers

Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Vivaldi Johann Sebastian Bach George Frideric handel Henry Purcell Heinrich Schütz Claudio Monteverdi

Italian church composer; the Red Priest; writes several instrumental concertos, some sacred music and 46 operas; works at a girls schoolThe Four Seasons

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-dYNttdgl0

Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)

born in Florence, but considered father of French opera; court musician

Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687)

Te Deum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXTeWyyyluk

German church musician writing primarily for the church and adjoined school; had some 16 children; wrote well over 200 cantatas plus several instrumental works for keyboard and organ

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

Toccata and Fugue in D Minorhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_78634&v=ATbMw6X3T40&feature=iv

German born musician, also living in Italy and finally England writing operas, oratorios, sacred music for Anglican church, royal weddings, coronations and funerals.

George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)

Water Music Suite in F Major, Mvt. 1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8slQkKlSKkI

Other Important Composers

Henry Purcell (1659-1695) English composer; organist of Westminster Abbey; writes music for plays and sacred anthems

Heinrich Schütz (1585-1672) German church composer responsible for transmitting the seconda prattica north of the Alps

Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) Italian court composer; wrote madrigals and dramatic works

Henry Purcell: Dido and Aeneas excerpts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8Vkq5xKkHQHeinrich Schutz- Die mit Tränen säen SWV 378 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyQAkKHvBFoClaudio Monteverdi L'Orfeo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jb2TURdBeEQ

Classical Period (1750-1800)

Age of Enlightenment Emerging musical styles: sonata, string

quartet, symphony and concertos (each has 3-4 contrasting mvts. Also, rondos and trios.

Piano invented/popularized

Important Classical Composers

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Christoph Willibald Gluck Joseph Haydn Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach William Billings

Others: Johann Christian Bach, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Domenico Scarlatti, Antonio Salieri, Muzio Clementi, Johann Stamitz

a child prodigy; begins composing before age 5; could hear something and write it; wrote 41 symphonies, several string quartets/quintets, chamber works, piano solos, concertos, operas, masses and sacred works.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

The Magic Flute Overturehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR8GFUTMP_E

born in present day Czech Republic, later moves to Vienna; composes many operas in Italian and French

Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787)

Overture to Orpheus and Eurydice http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8

Austrian born, eventually sent to Vienna; writes many symphonies, string quartets, keyboard sonatas; gives lessons to child Beethoven

Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

Surprise Symphony, Mvt. 2http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI

son of J. S. Bach; called ‘C.P.E. Bach’ and is known as the ‘Berlin Bach’ as he writes similarly to his father; writes especially for keyboard and sacred church music in his last years

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788)

Concerto in D Minor, Part 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8Sa

American composer; helped to start the American tradition of music; publication include The New-England Psalm-Singer and The Continental Harmony

William Billings (1746-1800)

Sacred Harp 479 Chester http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqQrWKfLNcw

Romantic Period (1800-1900)

Domestic music-making is a necessity; females played piano or sang at high level

Closely associated with Idealism Concert overture, minstrels, parlor songs,

character pieces grow in importance Banjos are among important instruments in

America; Saxophone and modern French horn invented

Important Romantic Composers

Ludwig van Beethoven Hector Berlioz Modeste Mussorgsky Felix Mendelssohn Robert and Clara Schumann Franz Schubert Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt

German composer who studies with Haydn in Vienna; composes for instruments, especially keyboard and the voice

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)

Symphony 3 (Eroica), Mvt. 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGBzOudjQhk

French born and lives mostly in Paris; known for his large instrumentation in symphonies

Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)

Symphonie Fantastique pt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTDbkp4HHs8

Russian composer who incorporated folk-like elements into his music

Modeste Mussorgsky (1839-1881)

Pictures at an Exhibition: Promenade pt 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5r8sa863Ts

German born; child prodigy, making several trips to England; composes symphonies, orchestral works, chamber works, piano and vocal works (some oratorios)

Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)

Violin Concerto in E minor 1, mvt 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0aZt5vgFHE&feature=fvst

They married in 1840; he composes piano works for her, she plays them and is known for her virtuosity; Robert Schumann additionally composes symphonies, chamber works, piano music and lieder.

Robert Schumann (1810-1856) & Clara Schumann (1819-1896)

Traumerei/Reverie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zzAvc_iHEI

Austrian born; worked as a school teacher; wrote lieder, symphonies, string quartets, chamber works and piano sonatas.

Franz Schubert (1797-1828)

Ave Maria http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bosouX_d8Y

Polish born which was then under Russian domination, but settles in France; mostly composes for piano: nocturnes, etudes, polonaises, waltzes, sonatas, ballades, scherzos, impromptus, etc.

Frederic Chopin (1810-1849)

Nocturne Op. 9, No. 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tV5U8kVYS88

Hungarian born, later moves to Vienna and France, travelling often; composes symphonies, piano and vocal works

Franz Liszt (1811-1886)

Liebestraum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW_MAQj0aIA

Other Important Composers

Richard Wagner, Verdi and Gilbert and Sullivan are the great operatic composers

Lowell Mason, Stephen Foster and Louis Moreau Gottschalk are U.S. composers

Strauss, Mahler, Brahms are other important composers

Sousa The Stars and Stripes Forever http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0Claude Debussy: Clair de lune http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31oPaul Hindemith: Symphony in B Flat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUwSergei Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3, Mvt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLgGiacomo Puccini: Nessun Dorma from Turandot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Springhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gZbMOq_Ge8&feature=relatedCharles Ives Three Quarter-Tone Pieces (1924), Mvt. II. Allegro http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWs

Twentieth Century (Early-Mid 1900’s)

Impressionism- one of earliest attempts to explore new musical approaches

Atonality, serial composition, dodecaphony, ragtime, blues, jazz, rock, etc. are invented

Neo-Classicism is popular Jazz, Rock N Roll, etc. lead to electronic

music, aleatory music, minimalism and postmodernism

Tuba invented

Important 20th Century Composers

American: Charles Ives, John Philip Sousa, Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Richard Rogers, Samuel Barber, Gian Carlo Menotti, Vincent Persichetti, John Cage

French: Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Olivier Messiaen Hungarian: Bela Bartok Italian: Giaccomo Puccini, Ottorino Respighi English: Ralph Vaughan Williams, Benjamin Britten, Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst German: Paul Hindemith Russian: Sergei Rachmaninoff, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky

John Philip Sousa: The Stars and Stripes Forever http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0Claude Debussy: Clair de lune http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31oPaul Hindemith: Symphony in B Flat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUwSergei Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3, Mvt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLgGiacomo Puccini: Nessun Dorma from Turandot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gZbMOq_Ge8&feature=relatedCharles Ives Three Quarter-Tone Pieces (1924), Mvt. II. Allegro http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWs

Helpful LinksTime Period links

http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/

http://www.classicalworks.com/his.pages/timeline.html

http://library.thinkquest.org/15413/history/music-history.htm

http://www.stevenestrella.com/composers/index.html?styletimeline.html

 

Composer links

http://www.8notes.com/artists/

http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/

 

American music

http://www.lonestar.edu/library/kin_music1.htm

http://www.americanmusicpreservation.com/Americanmusictimeline.htm

http://www.earlyamerica.com/music/

http://www.colonialmusic.org/Resource/Resources.htm