music in the renaissance (1450-1600) projects in music theory mrs. safari pascack valley high school

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Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

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Page 1: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600)

Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari

Pascack Valley High School

Page 2: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Renaissance Time Line

1450-1500

Josquin Desprez:Ave Maria…Virgo Serena (c. 1475)

Arts and letters: Botticelli, La Primavera (1477)

Historical events:Fall of Constantinople (1453)Gutenberg Bible (1456)Columbus reaches America (1492)

Page 3: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Renaissance Time Line

1500-1600Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina:

Pope Marcellus Mass (1563)Leonardo Da Vinci, Mona Lisa (c. 1503)Michelangelo, David (1504)Raphael, School of Athens

(1505)Titan, Venus and the Lute Player

(c. 1570)

Page 4: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Renaissance Time Line

1500-1600

Thomas Weelkes: As Vesta Was Descending (1601)

Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (1596)

Martin Luther’s ninety-five theses, start of the Reformation (1517)

Council of Trent (1545-63)

Elizabeth I, queen of England (1558-1603)

Spanish Armada defeated (1588)

Page 5: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

The Renaissance

Rebirth, or renaissance of human creativity

Period of exploration and adventure (Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand Magellan)

Curiosity and individualism (Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci). Interest in realism

Humanism

Catholic Church is less powerful than during Middle Ages – Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation

More books are printed in Europe

Page 6: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Music in the Renaissance 1450-1600

Every educated person is expected to be trained in music

Renaissance town musicians: higher pay and status

Flemish composers: parts of the Netherlands, Belgium, and northern France. Germany, England and Spain – other countries with a vibrant musical life

Page 7: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Characteristics of Renaissance Music

Words and music

Vocal music is more important than instrumental

Music enhances the meaning and emotion of the text. Word painting: musical representation of specific poetic images

Moderate, balanced way of expression: no extreme contrasts of dynamics, tone color or rhythm

Page 8: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Characteristics of Renaissance Music

TextureChiefly polyphonic. 4, 5 or 6 voice parts with equal melodic interestImitation is commonHomophonic texture is also usedFuller sound than medieval: bass registerMild and relaxed: consonant chords.Golden age of a capella

Page 9: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Characteristics of Renaissance Music

Rhythm and melody

Rhythm is a gentle flow: each melodic line has great rhythmic independence

Melody usually moves along a scale with few large leaps

Page 10: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Sacred Music in the Renaissance

2 main forms: Motet and Mass

Motet – polyphonic choral work set to sacred Latin text other than the ordinary of the mass

Mass – polyphonic choral work with 5 sections: KyrieGloriaCredoSanctusAgnus Dei

Page 11: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Josquin Desprez (1440-1521) and the Motet

A Flemish composer from Belgium, contemporary of Leonardo Da Vinci and Columbus

Ave Maria…virgo serena: 4-voice motet

Texture is varied: polyphonic and homophonic

Duple/triple meter change

Page 12: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Palestrina (1525-1594)and the Mass

Italian Renaissance composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

104 masses and some 450 other sacred works

For centuries, his masses are regarded as models of church music

Page 13: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass

A capella choir SATTBB

Kyrie – 1st section of the mass:

Kyrie Eleison

Christe Eleison

Kyrie Eleison

Page 14: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Secular Music

Vocal music: groups of solo voices with the accompaniment. Word painting was commonMadrigal – a piece for several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about love. Combines homophonic and polyphonic textures. More unusual harmoniesOriginated in Italy around 1520. Became popular in England. English madrigals are lighter and more humorous than ItalianAs Vesta Was Descending by Thomas Weelkes (1575-1623), and organist and church composer

Page 15: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

The Renaissance Ballet (Fa-La)

A simpler type of secular vocal music

A dance-like song for several voices

Mostly homophonic in structure. Fa-la syllables are used as refrain

Now Is the Month of Maying (1595) by Thomas Morley (1557-1603), English composer

Each stanza:

AA – refrain – BB - refrain

Page 16: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Instrumental Music

Instrumental music becomes more independentMost music is for dance:

Pavane or passamezzo– duple meterGalliard – triple meter

Harpsichord, organ, lute, recorder, trumpet, cornett, sackbut (early trombone), viol, regal (small organ with reed pipes), shawm (ancestor of the oboe)Instrumental form of theme and variations

Page 17: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

The Venetian School: from Renaissance to Baroque

16th century Venice – a center of instrumental and vocal music

Venetian School – music directors and organists of St. Mark’s Cathedral and their colleagues

Page 18: Music in The Renaissance (1450-1600) Projects in Music Theory Mrs. Safari Pascack Valley High School

Giovanni Gabrieli (1555-1612)and the Polychoral Motet

The most important Venetian composer of the late RenaissancePolychoral motets – motets for 2 or more choirs, often with instrumentalistsPlaudite (Clap Your Hands), 1597. Written for a large vocal and instrumental ensemble of 12 voice parts divided into 3 choirs: low, middle and high register choirsThe homophonic structure of this piece brings it closer to Baroque style