The muscular systemThe muscular system

Content by Megan McDonald

Mens gymnastics

The muscular systemThe muscular system

Muscle tissueMuscle tissueSmoothCardiacSkeletal

Smooth muscle tissueSmooth muscle tissue

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Smooth muscle tissueSmooth muscle tissueNon striatedInvoluntaryWalls of hollow organs i.e. stomachWalls of tubes and passage ways i.e.

bronchioles, blood vessels, oesaphagus

Cardiac muscle tissueCardiac muscle tissue

Images CC courtesy of @akay on Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/akay/

Cardiac muscle tissueCardiac muscle tissueStriatedInvoluntaryFit together with tight junctions

that promote fast conduction of electrical signals.

Heart

Skeletal muscle tissueSkeletal muscle tissueStriatedVoluntaryAttached to bone via tendons,

fascia or skin.

Skeletal muscle functionSkeletal muscle functionProduce heatProduce movementMaintain body postureAssists in joint stability

EndomysiumEndomysiumConnective tissue surrounding

each muscle fibre.

PerimysiumPerimysiumMembrane surrounding each

fascicle.Fascicle – bundle of muscle

fibres.

EpimysiumEpimysiumTough connective tissue Surrounds entire muscle.Extends to become tendons.

FasciaFasciaOuter fibrous sheath Encloses a muscleSeparates muscles into

compartments.

ExcitationExcitationThe ability to receive and

respond to stimulus

ExcitationExcitationMotor nerves stimulate the

muscle cell at the Neuromuscular Junction

Neurotransmitter releases from motor nerve

An electrical impulses spreads along sarcolemma

Muscle contracts.

ContractionContractionThe ability to shorten when

stimulated.

ContractionContractionEach muscle fibre contains

myofibrils.Myofibrils made up of

sarcomeres.Sarcomeres are formed by two

protein filaments that contract and shorten.

The protein filaments are Actin and Myosin.

Actin and Myosin.Actin and Myosin.Actin – thin and lightMyosin – thick and darkArranged in bands that slide past

each other.Calcium and Adenosine

Triphosphate are required.

Sliding Filament TheorySliding Filament Theory

Sliding filament theory 2Sliding filament theory 2

AttachmentsAttachmentsEach skeletal muscle has 2

attachmentsOrigin – Proximal AttachmentInsertion – Distal Attachment

When a muscle contracts one attachment moves toward another.

Distal to proximal – concentric contraction

Proximal to distal – eccentric contraction.

Prime MoverAssistant moverNeutraliserStabiliser

Activity 6.2Activity 6.2Purple workbook.Label the diagram.

Activity 6.3Activity 6.3Marieb workbook chapter 6Qu 1. p.103Qu. 14 p. 110Qu. 15 p. 115

Soft tissue injuriesSoft tissue injuries

Grade I/MildFew ligaments tornStability maintained.

Ligament Sprains 1.

Soft tissue injuriesSoft tissue injuries

Grade II/moderate sprainPartial ruptureIncreased laxityNo gross instability

Ligament Sprains 2.

Soft tissue injuriesSoft tissue injuries

Grade III/severe sprainComplete ruptureGross instability

Ligament Sprains 3.

Soft tissue injuriesSoft tissue injuries

Grade I/mild strainFew muscle fibres tornMinimal loss of strength Minimal pain on muscle

contraction

Muscle Strains 1.

Soft tissue injuriesSoft tissue injuries

Grade II/moderate strainAbout half of muscle fibres tornSignificant loss of strength and

functionModerate to severe pain on

isometric contraction

Muscle Strains 2.

Soft tissue injuriesSoft tissue injuries

Grade III/severe strainComplete tear of muscleSignificant weakness Significant loss of functionMinimum to no pain on isometric

contraction

Muscle Strains 3.

Homework!Homework!Muscle chartQuiz

Gymnastique OlympicGymnastique Olympic