mudd18 yearbook

Master of Urban Developm

ent and DesignM

UDD 18 | 2012 - 2013

Never Stand Still Faculty of Built Environment

Master of Urban Development and Design 2012-2013Beyond the Industrial PastSustainable Urbanism: Bilbao | Barcelona | Wuhan | Sydney

Master of Urban Development and Design The University of New South Wales

Kingsford Smith Airport-33.94 S, 151.17 E

Sydney, New South WalesAustralia

The industrial revolution is one of humankinds greatest achievements. However, post-industrial cities are now left with abandoned infrastructure, degraded land, industrial remnants and the challenge of generating a new urban landscape for the

knowledge based city.

The industrial past is not something to be forgotten, as it offers a rich potential for understanding how cities can re-shape their identity to generate new economic opportunities. Todays new knowledge based economies provide cities with the possibility of transforming their economic, cultural and ecological landscapes once again. With more than half the worlds population now living in urbanised areas, and a rapidly changing environment, urban developers and designers must consider and balance a range of factors: from climate change, to social and ecological sustainability, to urban innovation and cultural diversity. Development of the post-industrial city is one of the many contexts that urban designers must

critically engage with in order to create a sustainable future.

These are among the exciting challenges that the MUDD18 students have faced in this years program: Beyond the Industrial Past. In studio projects spanning Bilbao, Barcelona, Wuhan and Sydney, students have experienced an intensive and rewarding journey. This folio and the accompanying exhibition presents the

potential of the post-industrial landscape in todays society.

4MUDD 18

5Master of Urban Development and Design 2012 - 2013

Beyond The Industrial Past

Content

Message from the Dean

Message from the Acting Directors

Message from the Program Director

Intelligent Territories: The 21st Century City in Europe and Asia

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96

Studies in Urban Forms

Bayshore City - Studies in Urban Forms

Randwick Knowledge Cluster

Canberra - CAPITheticAL

Spain and the Euro Crisis:

The Importance of a Political Economy context in Urban Design

Bilbao-Madrid International Studio: From Next to Nexus

Barcelona International Studio: Re-designing the Industrial City

Wuhan River Junction

Bilbao-Madrid Student Experience

Barcelona Student Experience

Obituary: Professor John Christopher Haskell

Communication in Urban Design

Student Photos: Urban Design is...

More Designs for LES

Alumni Profile

MUDD Alumni List

MUDD Collaborations

Acknowledgements

Sponsors

Sustainable Urbanism: Bilbao | Barcelona | Wuhan | Sydney

Image: Besos CCGT Power Plant, Barcelona | See page 11 for project details

6MUDD 18

We are increasingly cognisant that the

creation of well designed urban places and neighbourhoods

underpins a more healthy, productive

and culturally connected society

Professor Alec Tzannes

Message from the DeanThroughout the world the design of cities, including the integration of transportation systems, services infrastructures, landscape elements and built form, is emerging as a key factor relevant to the future sustainability of the planet. We are increasingly cognisant that the creation of well designed urban places and neighbourhoods underpins a more healthy, productive and culturally connected society. New technologies have also changed the tools used by urban researchers and designers as well as the way cities function. It is an exciting time to be studying urban design. The 2012-13 MUDD program was exceptional, undertaking projects in Barcelona, Bilbao, Wuhan, Canberra and Sydney. Within a theme titled Beyond the Industrial Past questions around the revitalisation of urban fabric across a wide range of differing conditions and circumstances formed the basis of the studio. This catalogue can at best only partially demonstrate the vitality of the student experience of the many places examined and the completed studio work. I congratulate the MUDD graduating class and welcome you as alumni of our faculty. This year also saw the finalisation of the work done by faculty to create a new administrative structure to support the advancement of our interest in all matters urban. UNSW Built Environment has established the Australian Graduate School of Urbanism (AGSU), Directed by Professor Alan Peters, within which will be placed post professional degree programs including the Master of Urban Development and Design. Professor James Weirick continues to lead MUDD and in 2013-14 whilst he is on leave, Dr Paola Favaro will be Acting Director of MUDD working closely with Professor Karl Fischer, visiting from the University of Kassel. I warmly welcome Dr Paola Favaro and Professor Karl Fischer to their new roles in our faculty.


Dr. Paola Favaro

Professor Karl Fischer

Message from the Acting DirectorsAs Acting Directors of the MUDD19 Program in the year ahead we look forward to working together to bring a specific set of perspectives and sensibilities to the program, which are based on the experience of over 2000 years of urban development and design in Europe. These sensibilities date back to the social and design ideas of the Greek polis and the idea of a city with its boundary. Such boundaries define the urban limit in contraposition to the territory beyond, and tend to give the inhabitants a sense of belonging.

Development and design have dealt with urban boundaries in very different ways from ancient Greece to our globalized world, with its increasing concern for environmental vulnerabilities.

This is one of the themes dealt with in the travelling exhibition City Visions 1910|2010 Urban Planning in Berlin, London, Paris and Chicago. This exhibition will be hosted by BE as part of the 2013 MUDD19 program.

City Visions will be the basis for theoretical and practical investigations in contemporary urbanism in Sydney and other Australian cities within the MUDD19 Design Studio 1, as well as the International Design Studio in November 2013 to be hosted by the universities of Hamburg (Germany) and Venice (Italy). We will have the opportunity to engage with the themes of the exhibition including Alternatives to Urban Sprawl; Urban Land Recycled, as well as New City Centre Mirror of the City Region, among others.

Urban design exhibitions have been an important vehicle for deepening awareness of past urban tradition and imaginative studies in the development of cities in the future.

We also wish to acknowledge the support from, and collaboration with, Professor James Weirick and Professor Jon Lang, two of the founding members of the Program established nearly 20 years ago.

Finally, we look forward to our MUDD19 students convincing and robust decisions in contemporary urbanism in the year ahead.

We look forward to our MUDD19 students convincing and robust decisions in contemporary

urbanism in the year ahead

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Professor James Weirick

Message from the Program DirectorThe MUDD18 theme, Beyond the Industrial Past brings together characteristic urban projects of recent decades redevelopment of former industrial sites with investigation of new forms of urban development and design encapsulated in the term Intelligent Territories, coined by Dr Alfonso Vegara Gmez, President of the Fundacin Metrpoli, Madrid to describe 21st century city-making based on innovation, resilience and competitiveness. Dr Vegara will deliver the 2013 Paul Reid Lecture in Urban Design on this stimulating topic, which is augmented by the design work and essays presented in the MUDD18 Folio In 2012-2013, the UNSW Master of Urban Development & Design Program undertook projects in Barcelona, Bilbao, Wuhan and Sydney, each engaged with the challenge of shaping the post- post-industrial city, i.e. the city that has passed beyond the first shocks of structural economic change to establish competitive advantage based on a distinctive urban culture. In Barcelona we critically examined the waterfront projects of the past thirty years to propose an alternative approach to redevelopment of obsolescent infrastructure and port facilities at the Morrot Littoral, below Montjuc, as a new form of working waterfront for trans-Mediterranean logistics industries, integrated with the adjoining urban district of Poble Sec. In Bilbao, we proposed a series of alternative futures for the former site of heavy industry at Punta de Zorrotza on the River Nervin based on staged development of innovative industries. In Wuhan we worked with the Wuhan Land Use & Urban Spatial Planning Research Center to investigate alternative metro line routes through Hankou in relation to redevelopment of the urban district at the confluence of the Han and Yangzi Rivers. In Sydney, we responded to a brief issued by the UNSW Campus Planning Group to investigate the development potential of the former Randwick Tramsheds as a catalyst for university-led investment in innovation as part of the Randwick Education & Health Specialised Centre proposed by the NSW Department of Planning.

The introductory Urban Design Studios also explored the theme of Beyond the Industrial Past, with the first semester

We congratulate the MUDD18 students

for the creative achievement of

Beyond the Industrial Past Barcelona,

Bilbao, Wuhan, Sydney


Studio undertaking studies in urban form, applying a standard program to former industrial sites in cities around the world, and the second semester Studio undertaking a provocative study of redevelopment of Sydney Kingsford-Smith Airport as a new urban district on the shores of Botany Bay.

The MUDD entry in the 2012-2013 CAPITheticAL Competition conducted by the ACT Government to mark the centenary of Canberra, produced by the Studio 1 class last year, was selected as a finalist in this two-stage competition. A dedicated team, led by Genevieve Blanchett, produced the second-stage entry in November 2012, extending the linear city concept of the first stage with a detailed proposal linking the former industrial areas of Eastlake to the new airport city and the symbolic centre of the national capital.

In all our Studio projects, we continue to seek the synthesis of three bodies of knowledge about the city: first, spatial political economy, the manifestation in urban form of global patterns of capital formation, investment and disinvestment; second, urban design principles and paradigms, normative models of good city form grounded in aesthetic, social and environmental concerns; third, urban design as public policy, the intersection of public policy, design principles, the deal-making of the property sector and defence of the public realm.

Our projects in Spain this year have been conceptualised within the political economy framework set by John Zerby in his background briefing on Spain and the Euro Crisis, included in the MUDD18 Folio. The depth of the current economic crisis in Spain, created in large measure by the structural collapse of the housing sector, is set against the resilience of the regional economies of Catalonia and the Basque Country. In the words of our Barcelona host, Dr Miguel Roldn, these projects are not for today, or tomorrow but the day after tomorrow.

As always, the International Urban Design Studios were the highlight of the year and we thank our hosts for introducing challenging projects to us - in Barcelona, Dr Miguel Roldn of Roldn + Berengu arqts. and Chairman, Barcelona Architectural Center; in Bilbao and Madrid, Dr Alfonso Vegara Gmez, President, Fundacin Metrpoli, Madrid.

We congratulate the MUDD18 students for the creative achievement of Beyond the Industrial Past Barcelona, Bilbao, Wuhan, Sydney. This year, generous support for the MUDD Folio and Exhibition and the Paul Reid Lecture in Urban Design has been provided by Cox Richardson, JPW, UrbanGrowth, architectus, JBA & GMU (Gabrielle Morrish), BatesSmart, Colin Stewart Architects, Hassell, Architects Contempo - for this, we express our sincere thanks.

- Professor James Weirick

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A Case for InnovationThe 21st century city is marked by explosive population growth, territorial expansion, and the ubiquity of digital technology in the public realm, three trends which challenge the effectiveness of conventional models of city-making. Because of the massive scale, speed and diffuse nature of this 21st century urban explosion, top-down planning and project implementation become less viable and less apt for dealing with such dynamic conditions. Nonetheless, there is an emerging catalogue of new techniques and philosophies developing to deal with such dynamic urban challenges, and a new set of global references that showcase these techniques.

The Mission of an Urban Think TankIntelligent Territories is the continually evolving design methodology of the urban think-tank Fundacin Metrpoli, which offers a unique model for understanding and designing places(1). The Intelligent Territories model was originally designed during the Proyecto Cities research program, a continuing initiative of the Fundacin Metrpoli for cataloguing the aspects of the city that spur innovation, resilience, and competitiveness. Among the central conclusions of this research, is the notion that the most successful cities are those that are able to create a contextually robust vision that is sufficiently flexible to maneuver unforeseen changes, sufficiently ambitious to create notable impact, and sufficiently contextual to be implementable.

A Framework for Urban DesignA city vision can be defined as a flexible language for sharing and augmenting the strengths of a place. It is a living body of work, resulting from inclusive urban analysis, civic participation, trial, error, and experience. A vision acts as a blueprint for the creative transformation of urban landscapes through specific, implementable, high-impact projects, all the while complimenting more traditional, problem-solution model of dealing with urban challenges. Most municipal governments employ almost exclusively the problem-solution model for urban management, distributing challenges among various isolated departments. Though cities are sufficiently complex to make necessary this distribution of management, the model makes prioritization and consensus-building difficult for city leaders, as the processes of decision-making are slowed by communication, administration, and accounting protocols. As a result, city governments are often under-equipped to creatively and nimbly respond to the demands of 21st century business and living standards, and are unable to produce the types of conditions that attract talent, visitors, businesses, and eventually, revenue. Rather than approach the challenges of global sustainability from a problem-solution perspective, a more agile approach bases development concepts on the identification and effective use on the strengths of a place or more appropriately, its components of excellence(2).

In order to profoundly and comprehensively base its work on components of excellence, any given Fundacin Metrpoli urban R+D project pursues various

Dr. Alfonso Vegara Gmez

Intelligent Territories:The 21st century city in Europe and Asia

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Master of Urban Development and Design 2012 - 2013

research themes to discover the essence of a place. These include the analysis of key urban indicators, global contextualisation, the analysis of leadership structure, cartography, civic engagement and public participation, the collection of historical narratives and opinions, urban typologies, and benchmarking(3).

The Territorial ModelThe territorial model is a conceptual tool for communicating the design vision of a city. It is a diagram of the city vision. Often superseding administrative boundaries, the territorial model places the city in a new context a context based on the larger systems that make up the city, like transportation systems, watershed, and ecosystems. It is within this larger context where current conditions can be evaluated alongside future proposals and priorities. This model goes beyond describing the current conditions of a conurbation. It is a roadmap for realizing the place-based potential of a city. In this sense, the territorial model becomes a hybrid of existing systems, territorial strengths, and catalytic urban projects for future urban resilience.With precision and deliberation, the union of existing competitive advantages and strategic projects for the future paint a never-before-seen picture of place based synergies, and create a vision for the future of a city. The Fundacin Metrpoli territorial model has been exercised in over 50 cities around the world, including recent engagements like with the city of Penang and longer-term engagements like with the city of Bilbao.

ConclusionsInformation, people, businesses, money, and products are more mobile today than they have ever been. There is however, one thing that cant move - place. Place is the original competitive advantage in the world economy, and continues to be the single most important factor for cities to be distinguishable, complimentary, and competitive throughout the future(3). The select, project-based model of the Fundacin Metrpoli is wholly based on the strengths and potentials of each place that it works in, offering what has been proven as a repeatable design model for urban transformation(4). In the face of 21st century global challenges, the Fundacin Metrpoli holds that urban innovation is the key to global sustainability, it is for this reason that the organization continues to develop and test its model in cities around the world.

Dr. Alfonso Vegara Gmez, an architect-planner, is the President of the Madrid-based Taller de Ideas Group, the President of Fundacin Metrpoli, Visiting Professor of City and Regional Planning at the University of Pennsylvania (1997 to 2002), President of the International Society of City and Regional Planners (2002-2005). Vegara developed and directed the on-going Proyecto CITIES initiative, a study into the urban components of excellence of twenty participating cities from around the world.

(1) Fundacin Metrpoli is a think tank for urban design and development, working to inspire the creative and humane transformation of cities and landscapes around the world. (2) Vegara, A. Luis de las Rivas, J. Territorios Inteligentes. Madrid, 2004. Fundacin Metrpoli, Telefnica, and Federacin Espaola de Municipios y Provincias. (3) Vegara, A. Heir, S. et al. The Next Cities Lab: Bettering Our World, City by City. 2012. Fundacin Metrpoli and Microsoft. (4) Including design projects in Bilbao and Penang, which were presented in detail at the 6th Annual Paul Reid Lecture in Urban Design at the University of New South Wales, 2013

6th Annual Paul Reid Lecture in Urban Design 2013

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In Semester 1, 2012 the introductory studio further explored the method of investigating urban form developed with the MUDD17 students in 2011. Nine urban design proposals adopted different approaches to the challenge of redeveloping industrial sites across the world from Copenhagen to Buenos Aires. Each city served as a vehicle for investigation into urban landscape, the growth and change of urban form, and the evolution of distinctive urban types, the latter including built form, communication and transport infrastructure and open space systems.

The studio was based on two inter-related modes of study: first, a research component, which introduced students to urban design history, theory, paradigms and precedents; second, a critical urban project aimed at relating the knowledge gained from the research component to the design of an urban precinct.

The research mode involved in depth investigation of the urban morphology and climatic conditions of the nine cities. Historical investigations of urban design theories such as Cerds General Theory of Urbanisation and Le Corbusiers post-Athens Charter concepts for Chandigarh helped to develop a critical understanding of urban fabric and form.

A rigorous graphic analysis of the settlement pattern of each city was undertaken, involving figure ground mapping at 1:200,000; 1: 20,000 and 1: 2000. The maps provided the opportunity to study patterns of built and unbuilt spaces integrated with the topography, street pattern, building types, climatic adaptations, open space networks and transit linkages.

The information obtained from the mapping and associated background research was used in the second phase of the studio the making of the urban project.

To explore and test the theme Beyond the Industrial Past, the urban project was conceptualised as an innovation hub comprising a university with 40,000 students set within a new urban district of 40,000 residents and 20,000 jobs, equivalent to a fusion of the UNSW Kensington campus and the Green Square redevelopment in South Sydney.

The design of each proposal responded to the distinctive characteristics of the cities under review based on considerations of climate, context, topography, heritage and social conditions using traditional urban design principles and paradigms, combined with new technologies and new thinking. The former brownfields sites were integrated with existing city-street networks with the aim of creating socially cohesive centres of innovation within the urban fabric.

Professor James Weirick

Studies in Urban formsStudio 1

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Studies in Urban forms41023 N

Barcelona

Metro-region Figure-ground map

District Figure-ground map Land Use PlanUniversity Proposal

by Cuizhen

Feng Jingchao

Seafront Principle

The design concept of the new urban district is based on Cerds city planning principles and the achievements of Barcelona urbanism in recent decades. The seafront design of Sant Adri de Bess extends the Barcelona seafront general plan initiated in the 1980s with the Moll de la Fusta and Olympic Village projects to the industrial lands north of the Bess Riu. Through redevelopment and reform of the industrial zone centred on the Bess Power Station, the project aims to create a new, mixed use eco-precinct of a low-carbon city, symbolized by closure and adaptive re-use of the power station complex as an exhibition centre for green industries. The university is sited as the central element linking the seafront and business centre with an existing district park. The project extends the theoretical and practical basis of the Cerd planning tradition by fusing the Barcelona grid form with the new ideas based on the collision of two grids with off-set alignments responding to existing conditions.

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Studies in Urban forms

Stadium AreaCentral commercial area & Transportation interchange

Active StreetStreet Network

34036 SBuenos Aires

by Guo Shijie

Alec Gelgota

Buenos Aires and the industrial barrio of Barracas, provide an opportunity to transform the existing grid according to past visions and present urban design theories, in a modern context. The creation of a university campus specialising in medical sciences, social sciences and fine arts takes advantage of the existing Moyano Hospital and artistic heritage of the area. Mixed-income housing spread throughout the site addresses ongoing issues associated with Buenos Aires slums and encourages equal socio-economic distribution and integration. The community is further enhanced by the proposed combination of public transport infrastructure that efficiently connects the three existing modes and services the area. Moreover, a series of courtyards and plazas bring greenery back into the industrial site and re-establish the area as a livable community. Finally, the rehabilitation of the stadium and its surroundings, in addition to the central commercial axis, conform to the pre-existing grid and promote future development.


District Figure-ground map

R5

LegendZone

B1 Neighbourhood Centre

B3 Commercial Core

B4 Mixed Use

B5 Business Development

B7 Business Park

E1 National Parks and Nature Reserves

R2 Low Density Residential

R3 Medium Density Residential

R4 High Density Residential

RE1 Public Recreation

RU5

SP1

SP3 Tourist and recreation

W1 Natural Waterways

Villages

Arts and Culture

SP2 University InstitutionSP2

B4

RE1

RE1

RE1

RE1

B7

B7

B4

R2R3

B3

R5

B3SP1

SP3B5

B1

E1

E1

SP1

B5

B4

E1

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Studies in Urban forms3004414 NChandigarh

by Li Ji

Sim Sok Toeur

Chandigarh is one of the great planned capitals of the twentieth century, however the rationalism of its urban form and the scale of its public spaces are challenged by the realities of life in India. The governmental institutions, intentionally placed in the design as a mediator between the rich and the poor and the artificial and the natural, are a representation of Indian democracy. Today, the symbolic centre of the city is an empty, high-security zone. To reinforce and reinvigorate the monumental presence of Le Corbusiers Capitol Complex, left unfinished by the master architect and compromised politically, its modernist spaces need new urban elements. This design proposes a new vision for Chandigarh, integrating Indian traditional life and western urban typology in a new eco-precinct, anchored by a university extension of the Capitol Complex and extending to Sukhna Lake.


District Figure-ground map Transportation Mode Networks Zoning

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Waterfront Section

55041 NCopenhagen

by Dai Wen

Victor A. Aalund-Olsen

The City of Copenhagen is facing population growth of 100,000 by 2025, an increase of almost 20 percent on the current population of 530,000. As such, the city must develop new housing, new jobs and new educational opportunities. Currently, Sydhavnen is an old industrial district in Copenhagen with no life and no attractions. Road and rail infrastructure impede accessibility to the site. With the inclusion of a new university, this design envisions Copenhagen as the educational centre of the resound region. Old industrial elements of Sydhavnen provide character and help transform the area into an inviting inner city precinct with a diverse combination of residents, students and workers in a reinterpretation of traditional Copenhagen urban patterns. New entry points into the site facilitate accessibility for pedestrians, bicycles and motor vehicles, whilst green wedges mitigate the urban heat island effect. Sydhavnen will be transformed into an attractive community with walkable, active waterfronts, extensive green spaces and a creative city life.

Street Section




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25017 NDoha

by Celeste Martin

Caroline Pembroke

Three paradigmatic scenes have informed the development of Doha in recent history: Pearling, Oil & Gas, the revenues of which lead to the third, Real Estate speculation. This has displaced many Qataris from the Old District and their traditional connection to the sea. This design proposes the reestablishment of this connection through the creation of a vital new centre on the site of an obsolete port in the Old Centre. The new centre will focus on higher education, commercial & traditional urban networks and housing that is responsive to climate. With a design that incorporates principles of Transit Oriented Development, the new precinct promotes an active city-life. Existing north-south streets are re-aligned to connect to and through the site to the foreshore, while narrow streets maximise shading and orientation to prevailing winds.

Vision Sketches

Vision SketchesMuseum Rampart Section

Museum Rampart Section




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Render Image

Campus 3D Model

35010 NNagoya

by Raynaldo Kurnioseputro

Wan Guyi

This new urban precinct adds to the polycentric pattern of the Nagoya metroregion through the creation of a series of neighbourhoods in the former industrial service centre at the Port of Nagoya. Regeneration of this extensive brownfield site augments and activates an isolated waterfront development of the 1980s, and includes the reconfiguration of the urban pattern to minimise risk from natural disasters. This design augments the citys Biodiversity Strategy Plan, and creates a new eki-soba - concentrations of urban life around a series of existing, but little-used metro stations. A new university campus along the historic Nakagawa Canal acts as a focal point in the surrounding mixed use development. A series of walkable neighbourhoods, linked by green corridors, provides residents with access to public amenities, public open space and a community safety network. The establishment of a north-south boulevard acts as an escape route in the event of a natural disaster, and maximises resilience in emergency escape planning for the new community.




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Tudor City Campus Roosevelt Island Campus

40045 NNew York

by Shao Jing

Wang Xinbo

Integrating new university precincts with high density mixed used blocks, waterfront green spaces and a dynamic skyline, East River City is designed to transform the semi-abandoned, infrastructure-dominated waterfronts of Midtown Manhattan, Roosevelt Island and Long Island City, into a celebration of New York urban form and urban life. Utilising the Manhattan grid and its variation in Long Island City as a robust and resilient basis for new urban form, this design creates an integrated series of urban precincts along the East River, with a dramatic skyline, aimed at reinvigorating the New York City sense of place, and maximising the waterfront potential of the city. The existing radial pattern of public transport is extended to the site, comprising a circle of subways, ferries and bikeways. Based on streets scaled to the Manhattan grid, land uses are mixed within high density neighborhoods, providing active street frontages and high accessibility, aimed at improving the quality of city life.

Aerial View




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Section

Inner City ViewBirds Eye View

1009 NSingapore

by Fa Zhenyu

Duan Xiaochen

This project aims to reform, redevelop and activate an old industrial area on the Straits of Johor, Singapore through the introduction of new multi-functional urban spaces and a new built form. The project is designed to implement and test new techniques of sustainable urbanism, twinned with the Sino-Singapore Eco-City in Tianjin, China. The site is a former brownfield district of heavy industry, logistics and warehousing that developed around the Senoko Power Station. The Power Station is retained, but updated with clean technologies. The surrounding industrial sites are redeveloped and integrated with waterfront green space, a new eco-island and an urban park system. The reformed urban district integrates a university campus with commercial and residential precincts served by a new loop on the Singapore metro system, contributing to the rebirth of the former industrial landscape.




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Creative Industrial Area Green Roof Residential Buildings

31022 NWuhan

by Liu Xiaomeng

Zhang Qinghong

A cultural neighbourhood within the former industrial site of the historic Hanyang steel-works south of the Han River, this design emphasises mixed land use and landscape connections. The recent pattern of disconnected spot development in this part of Wuhan is integrated through the maximisation of green resources, the expansion of interlinked water bodies, and the consistent application of eco-block principles advanced by Professor Harrison Fraker, in a new pattern of residential development. The landscape axis is further enhanced by internal and external links through an expansion of the existing university site and riverfront green spaces along the Bund. A new central rail station for Hanyang is integrated with the city-wide metro system, currently in design development, and the nation-wide high speed rail network, to increase accessibility and proclaim the new identity of this post-industrial urban district.




Professor Weirick

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Bayshore CityStudies in Urban Forms

Studio 1

A city of 4.5 million people does not need two airports; it just needs one efficient airport. The studio advanced the argument that one large, efficient airport should be built to serve Metro Sydney at the site at Badgerys Creek in Western Sydney; a plot of land purchased in the 1980s by the Australian Government explicitly for the purpose. It was assumed that the new Badgerys Creek Airport will be similar in size and operational capacity to the most efficient airports in the Asia-Pacific region, Chek Lap Kok Hong Kong and Incheon, Korea. To pay for the construction of the new airport, the studio proposed that Sydneys Kingsford-Smith Airport (KSA) be closed when the new airport becomes operational, and its site redeveloped as a new urban precinct, BAYSHORE CITY.

A 2012 study by Mrdak & Haddad, has found that Sydneys Kingsford-Smith Airport (KSA) will reach its operational capacity by 2027, i.e. within 15 years. The inner-ring location within the suburban matrix of Sydney also imposes noise pollution on a large inner-city residential population. To partially address this problem airport operations are subject to a curfew. KSA closes down between 11.00pm and 6.00am every day. This is inherently inefficient, and limits the capacity of Australias principal international gateway. In addition, the site is physically constrained by Botany Bay, the Cooks River, arterial roads, railways and related urban infrastructure. Finally there are the environmental impacts on the sensitive ecosystem of Botany Bay.

The Studio investigated the development potential, character and quality of the KSA site through a companion city investigation, taking eight cities/city precincts from around the world as the point of departure for the design of eight schemes for BAYSHORE CITY. Schemes sit within a fixed site boundary and propose a range of different yields and urban qualities that are based on a considered response to existing urban districts or ideal city proposals.

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Barrenjoey Lighthouse

Palm Beach

Avalon

NewportMona Vale

Narrabeen Beach

Long Reef BeachDee Why Beach

MosmanManly

Bondi Beach

Coogee Beach

Maroubra Beach

Malabar Beach

Cronulla

Dolls Point

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Bayshore city A new airport for SydneyStudio 1 - 2012

Source:www.sydneyairport.com.au Source:www.sydneyairport.com.au Source:www.sydneyairport.com.au

Source: RP Data

Source: Source: RP DataSource: Google Image

Source: Google Image

Summary of benefit of airport relocationMetropolitan context

Benefit 1: Formation of New Global

CorridorNew

development at KSA will see it incorporated as part of the

Global Corridor, and extend the

corridor down to Penrith, through the new airport site at Badgerys

Creek.

Forward planning for Sydneys aviation services based on the current Kingsford Smith Airport (KSA) indicate:

By 2035, KSA will need to be able to cope with more than 76 million passenger movements and 460,000 aircraft movements. From 2015, the capacity of existing road junctions at the entrance to the domestic terminal precinct will be exceeded, resulting in a near constant traffic jam on key roads to the CBD and the M5 motorway.

The airport has limits to its ability to handle passenger growth, not only because of the legislated cap on runway movements per hour, but also because of the physical constraints on runway length, constraints on taxiway, gate and apron development, and the commercial mix of services operating to the airport.

The growth in demand and increasing capacity pressures will result in: increasing delays and costs for all operations; and increased congestion on the surrounding roads and surface transport system. Not acting to implement a long-term strategy will have adverse economic costs for Sydney, New South Wales and Australia.

Benefit 2: Bayshore city can help solve housing supply problems.

Benefit 4: A facelift for southern city

Benefit 3: Coastline Integrity

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Bayshore cityPrecedent:

City West, Berlin 52033 N

by Jun Long

Bojiu Shen

City West, Berlin, is characterised by its traditional five to six-story apartment blocks, which provide an ideal typology for mixed use development and offer an excellent example of compact urban form. During the 1900s, the housing reform in Berlin began and many innovative building approaches and concepts were developed, including the perimeter block, open and enclosed block layouts, and terrace and detached houses. However, it is the continuous street facades of Berlins traditional apartment blocks that display the uniqueness and elegance of Berlins urban form.

This design for Bayshore City promotes the concept of Sydneys Global Economic Corridor through the development of a new centre at KSA. The design incorporates a compact, walkable and ecologically sustainable community with extensive Berlin characteristics. Characteristics include continuous street facades, traditional mixed use apartment blocks (modified to adapt to Sydneys climate), and the promotion of vibrant public spaces.

Traditional courtyards in City West, Berlin

Urban Region of City west, Berlin Urban District of City west, Berlin Sketches - Bayshore City Streetscape

Sketches - Bayshore City Streetscape

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Amsterdam South 52022 N

by Wang Xiaobo Zeng Cheng

Amsterdam South is a compact urban district that supports a high population density. It is characterised by a combination of grid and radial street patterns, integrated with canals and renowned green spaces such as Vondelpark. Amsterdam South is mainly a mixed use zoned neighbourhood and adheres to new urbanist principles of walkability, connectivity and diversity.

Due to the restriction on expanding KSA, this design for Bayshore City sees the airport site transformed into a new, urban district, with lessons taken from Amsterdam South. The design seeks to create a livable neighbourhood that supports high residential density, and incorporates the street layout, enclosed apartment style, and transportation systems of Amsterdam South. In addition, the design responds to forecast rising sea levels through the integration of a canal system and green spaces that function as remediation basins.

Canal in Amsterdam South

Canal in Amsterdam South

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Urban Region of Amsterdam South Urban District of Amsterdam South

Birds-eye View of the overall site

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New Songdo City, Incheon 37028 N

by Zhang Chi

Picharn Foongkiatcharoen

New Songdo City is a 570 hectare, master-planned city under construction on the Incheon waterfront in Korea. A model of environmental, economic and socially sustainable planning, the design seeks to stop unchecked and uncoordinated development. Through designating the city as a free trade zone, the masterplan hopes to attract international business, highly skilled workers and encourage a global lifestyle community.

In this redevelopment plan for Bayshore City, three key design principles from Kohn Pederson Foxs design for New Songdo City have been incorporated. This includes a green space pattern influenced by Central Park, New York City, high density development, and a canal pattern taken from Venice, Italy. It is considered that a high density community will support the construction of efficient public transport infrastructure and enable short travel distances, promoting a sustainable lifestyle.

Sky Line of New Songdo CityBirds-eye View of Master Plan

Urban Region of New Songdo City Urban District of New Songdo City View of Business Corridor

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MUDD 18


New Ningbo City, Ningbo 29089 N

by Xu Qiusi Ji Ziyu

Ningbo is an old city in south China whose city centre dates back to 700 AD. Its unique character is epitomised by its river system, urban grids and building scale. As a member of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, Ningbo has witnessed rapid economic development in recent decades. For this reason, it was decided that a new centre would be created, integrated with the existing centre by a landscape axis. It is proposed that the new development function as an eco city, utilising both contemporary technology and traditional Chinese methods of soil and water conservation.

Taking lessons from Hassells design for New Ningbo City and adapting them to Sydney, this design for KSA, Bayshore City creates a green, livable and dynamic community. With a grid road structure and built form taken from New Ningbo, the design is a combination of a traditional Chinese water town and a highly functional community. Abundant waterways provide a variety of living experiences, with a focus on accessibility.

Urban District of New Ningbo CityUrban Region of New Ningbo City

Birds-eye View of New Ningbo CityBirds-eye View of Master Plan

View of Commercial Precinct

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Shanghai -French Concession 35010 NPrecedent:

Shanghai -French Concession 35010 N

by Duong Hong Nguyen

Ryan Smith

View from the Townhall in Kingsford Smith Avenue

Huaihai Middle Road

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The runway transformed into the Kingsford Smith Avenue in the Bayshore city

The French Concession first came to existence in 1849 when 66 hectares of land were allocated to the French on Shanghais west bank. Over time, the concession grew, road networks followed, and the topography of the land and creeks provided a unique feel. The architecture of the Concession is influenced by varying styles including art deco and a unique mix of Chinese-European designs. Today, the Concession is a popular place to live, work and play.

Taking inspiration from the design and cultural elements of the Concession, the Bayshore City site will offer memorable and exciting experiences to locals and visitors. The unique design elements of the Concession create unique public and private spaces that draw upon Chinese and Western influences. The French Concession is also famous for the Lilong, a mix of Chinese and Western Architecture creating a unique, private space with a strong sense of community.

Urban Region of Shanghai-French Concession Urban District of Shanghai-French Concession

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MUDD 18


Garniers Cite Industrielle, Lyon 45046 N

by Salma Osman

Nadia Shevila Thohari

Une Cite Industrielle is one of the formative theoretical proposals of 20th Century Urban Design. It portrays a modernist, utopian vision that incorporates functionalist principles and a decentralised layout. Designed as a utopian form of living, Tony Garniers proposal was for an industrial city of approximately 35,000 inhabitants, incorporating medium density living into compact urban blocks. Residential districts with gardens emphasise continuous pedestrian circulation, and the permeable nature of the urban block. This design concept for KSA, Bayshore City, takes its identity from its compact urban structure, pedestrian and cycle friendly streets, separation of functions, and proximity to the water. The project aims to create an environmentally sensitive precinct of mixed use neighbourhoods that maximises riverfront green spaces and expands and restores the health of existing waterbodies. The citys light rail system is integrated with existing rail and planned light rail infrastructure promoting accessibility.

Main Road Perspective

Light Rail

Urban Region of Garniers Cite Industrielle, Lyon

Urban Region of Garniers Cite Industrielle, Lyon Birds-eye View of Master Plan

Boulevard View

Canal front at Vstra Hamnen

Urban Region of Vstra Hamnen, Malmo Urban Region of Vstra Hamnen, Malmo

Birds-eye View of Master Plan

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Bayshore cityPrecedent: Vstra Hamnen, Malmo

52033 N

by Ruizhe Zhou

Andrea Pittoni

Vstra Hamnen (Western Harbour), is a neighborhood of Malmo, Sweden, known as the City of Tomorrow. The citys harbor was created through land reclamation and used as an industrial port until 1979. Planning of the Vstra Hamnen area commenced in 1997 with the initiation of the Bo01 project. The vision for Bo01 was to create a new and modern mixed use neighbourhood, committed to principles of sustainability. In keeping with these principles, Vstra Hamnen has established itself as the first carbon neutral district in Europe.

Using Vstra Hamnen as a model, this proposal for the redevelopment of KSA, Bayshore City will see the site transformed into a mixed use neighbourhood with high quality cycling and pedestrian infrastructure, good transit access and an exclusive car free area. The design commits to principles of sustainability and walkability and offers guidelines for differing waterfront treatments.

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MUDD 18


Back Bay Boston 4203518 N

by Ximena Toro Pasos

Joseph Heng

Beginning in 1857 and continuing until 1880, the Back Bay, the body of water separating Boston from Brookline, was filled, adding 182 hectares of land to the city of Boston. Today it stands as one of the Citys most prominent neighbourhoods. Marked by historic boulevards, it is home to the northern portion of the Citys Emerald Necklace, the green space threading its way through the city. The neighbourhood is also one of the busiest retail sections of Boston, with a thriving commercial centre.

This design concept for KSA, Bayshore City is based on Arthur Gilmans city plan and Frederick Law Olmsteads Emerald Necklace design for Bostons Back Bay. This proposal promotes an attractive urban precinct incorporating ecologically sustainable initiatives and provides a work/live environment. The citys grid form allows for a convenient transportation network, whilst business parks offer high level job opportunities and green spaces deliver recreational facilities for residents and visitors.

3D Diagram - Bayshore City Streetscape

Typical Brownstone Terraces in Back BayBirds-eye View of Master Plan

Urban Region of Back Bay Boston Urban Region of Back Bay Boston

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Garden City, Welwyn 51048 N

by Guo Beiyi Park Eunju

Welwyn Garden City, England, was founded by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the 1920s. Designed to combine the benefits of the city and countryside, and avoid the disadvantages of both, the town seeks to create an environment where workers can enjoy a healthy lifestyle. This utopian suburban town is of limited size, surrounded by a permanent belt of agricultural land, and contains proportionate areas of residences and industry. As a satellite town of London, it is well connected to surrounding areas, with factories grouped in relation to transport facilities and easily accessible from residences.

The development of a Garden City at KSA, Bayshore City will serve the existing industry surrounding the site and offer new residents a work/live environment. As with the Garden City, the precinct will be of a limited size in terms of both area and density, to ensure a high standard of living.

Industrial Area

Typical Urban Pattern of Garden CityTown Centre

Urban Region of Garden City, Welwyn Urban Region of Garden City, Welwyn

Dr. Scott Hawken

Dr. Gethin Davison

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MUDD 18

Studio 2


This studio considered the development future of the Randwick Tram-shed site which is owned by UNSW and currently the location of various educational facilities. Studio members looked at this and other UNSW property holdings within the Randwick Health and Education Special Precinct as part of a larger strategy to promote knowledge-based-urban-design. The project was undertaken with real-life clients: the UNSW Facilities Management, Planning & Development Team and the Randwick City Council Strategic Planning Division. The studio addressed three primary development scenarios and their potential to contribute to the performance of the Randwick Knowledge Cluster:

1. Retaining and redeveloping the Randwick Tram-shed site as a sub campus for UNSW with the possible inclusion of the adjoining TAFE as part of that concept; 2. Retaining and redeveloping the Randwick Tram-shed site for UNSW student housing and relocating current university activities back to the main campus; or 3. Selling the Randwick Tram-shed site and relocating university activities back to the main campus and suggesting a new vision for the site with or without the neighbouring TAFE as part of that concept.

Beyond these physical moves the studio critiqued the global knowledge cluster, both as a socio-economic strategy and as a three dimensional spatial precinct. The project was considered within the wider discussion of knowledge-basedurban- design that is taking place around the world.

The project commenced through an analysis of established international knowledge centres, such as Silicon Valley, and local centres, such as Macquarie Business and Education Park, which are striving to achieve greater status and levels of productivity. Studio members attempted to describe the socio-economic mechanisms, which led to the concentration of service based and hi-tech industries as well as the spatial configurations of those precincts.

The challenge of overcoming the inertia of current spatial and behavioural patterns was investigated through alternative development scenarios. The limitations of the situation of the major institutions of UNSW and the Prince of Wales Hospital, in a high value residential matrix, were considered and addressed through various urban strategies aimed at improving the performance of Randwick Knowledge Cluster.

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MUDD 18


Innovation precinct

Studio 2 - 2012

- High levels of economic success.

- High levels of knowledge-based occupations.

- A diverse industry base including distinctive specialist niches.

- One or more universities that have a mutually beneficial relationship with the city, leading to industries built on research strengths, transfer of knowledge to businesses and the retention of graduates.

- Strong communications infrastructure and good transport links within the city and to other cities, including by air, rail and road.

- A distinctive long-term knowledge city offer to investors and individuals alike, created by public and private sector leaders.

- Strategies to ensure that all communities benefit from the economic success associated with knowledge.

Characteristics of a Knowledge City:

by Alec Gelgota & Genevieve Blanchett

TYPOLOGY 01 Health/Knowledge Plug-in

TYPOLOGY 02 Health/Knowledge Plug-in Hybrid Model

TYPOLOGY 03 Knowledge Region

TYPOLOGY 04 Knowledge Suburb

TYPOLOGY 05 Themed Commercial/Cultural

TYPOLOGY 06 Single Function Entities

University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital University of NSW and Prince of Wales Hospital Columbia University, University Extension + Presbyterian Hospital, NYC

Macquarie University, Hospital andResearch Park New Karolinska Solna, Stockholm St. Vincents Hospital Research Precinct

MIT/Harvard, Cambridge, Ma. Silicon Valley, San Jose Edinburgh Knowledge City

Aldershof City of Science, Media andBusiness, Berlin One North, Singapore St. Leonards and Royal North Shore Hospital

Sydney Olympic Park Valencia City of Arts/Science and New Financial District Cockatoo Island Carriageworks, Eveleigh and Australian Technology Park

Westmead Hospital Norwest Business Park

Macquarie University, Sydney St. Leonards Health Precinct, SydneyAveleigh Carriageworks & ATP , Sydney

International Best Practicein Knowledge-Based-Urban -Design:The precedents studied have been grouped into six typologies, according to common spatial characteristics and functions.

Within these typological groupings, some are more successful than others. What is clear however, is that there are a number of common factors across the typologies that drive success; a clear identity and purpose, a variety of well-integrated, related functions and often governmental support in the strategic direction.

The American model tends to favour private funding source and independent governance structures. The European model tends to initialise with governmental control and funding, and progresses over time toward more public and private involvement. The Australian model appears to blend both the European and American approach.

One North, Singapore Silicon Valley, San Jose, Sydney City of Arts & Science, Valencia

Fair City Life, Milan

New Karolinska Solna, StockholmMIT/Harvard & Hi-Tech Precinct, Cambridge Edinburgh + Quartermile, Edinburgh

Columbia University + Presbyterian, NYCAldershof City of Science, Berlin

Sydney University, Sydney Westmead Hospital, Sydney Norwest Business Park, Sydney

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Strategic plan: the pond

The Pond: A linked Chain of ThreeKnowledge/Innovation Centres

by Alec Gelgota , Genevieve Blanchett

& Raynaldo Kurnioseputro

The NSW Health and Education sector requires a strategic re-think of current service provision in order to stay ahead in a globally competitive market place. Using the UNSW Randwick Campus as an anchor, this scheme serves to strengthen, expand and rebrand the Randwick Education and Health Specialized Centre as the PONDS a new globally recognized centre of excellence for education, research, and innovation. Each of the three sites within the PONDS has a clearly identifiable individual program and urban character, yet they are linked via new public domain connections and an integrated research agenda driven by UNSW and the Randwick Health Campus. Development priorities for the PONDS are grounded in research indicating the imminent expansion of Sydneys service industry and the primacy of innovation as both a driver of and attractor to Global Cities.

Steeple Hill Precinct Ideas Box Precinct Southwest Gateway Precinct

Ideas Box Section B - B

Ideas Box Section A - A

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Parkland

Racecourse

University

Health Campus

Potential main boulevards axis

One way mass transit route

One way mass transit route

Pedestrian axis

Main pedestrian axis

Main pedestrian axis

Residential transition zone

Strategic plan: vision of urbanity & innovation

Visions of Urbanity and Innovation

by Celeste Martin , David Wolski

& Feng Jingchao

As universities compete for ever dwindling state funds, a revolutionary approach must be undertaken by teaching and research institutions to attract foreign and local human capital. Our proposition takes form in the integration of disparate, inter-related knowledge disciplines and its associated industry and research facilities within the Randwick locale. Funding may be provided by either public or private financial capital, or, emerging entrepreneurs sustained by the University knowledge cluster. The physical manifestation of the design is multi-modal, enhancing the urban ecology of the area, and is of an appropriate scale and function. It is innovative, sustainable, beautiful and friendly to its neighbours - the local, regional and international community. A strong spatial relationship among the knowledge clusters is created through a focus on quality of place and sustainability, forming a unique identity in line with good urban design and environmental performance.

Steeple Hill Innovation Precinct Innovation + Village Precinct Randwick Technology Village

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MUDD 18


Innovation Sprout Sub-Campus & Business Park

by Cui Zhen , Fa Zhenyu

& Guo Shijie

The scheme is designed to encourage the integration of education and business. Specifically, the design involves the establishment of research institutions and a hi-tech business centre. These developments will act to accelerate employment opportunities in the area. Local training facilities will provide the technical skills necessary to support these institutions. Essential elements underpinning the design include residential accommodation to meet expected student growth, and a proposed light rail system, promoting site accessibility and improving connections between the University Of New South Wales (UNSW) and the Prince of Wales Hospital. Existing roads are modified to support pedestrian and cycle access, thus improving residents quality of life. New green spaces will serve the local area and address the current lack of open space between the UNSW Kensington and Randwick campuses.

Sustainable Student Housing Precinct Campus Main Street PrecinctA Local Ligament Precinct

Strategic plan

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Strategic plan: innovation knowledge cluster

Innovation Knowledge Cluster

by Duan Xiaochen , Liu Xiaomeng

& Wang Xinbo


The Innovation Knowledge Cluster promotes the site as a world class education and health centre, supported by districts with a variety of functions including business, commerce and recreation. The University of New South Wales (UNSW) current disconnection from its surrounding areas is addressed through the introduction of a tram line to enrich public transportation options, and dedicated off road bicycle lanes, designed to decrease car dependence. Street spaces are activated with a mix of commercial and residential functions. New investment and information exchange is encouraged through the consolidation of the UNSW Kensington and Randwick campuses. Existing heritage trees are enhanced through the development of attractive green spaces. Overall, this design seeks to enhance the identity of the knowledge cluster, through the creation of a unique character that will promote the area as a great place to live, study and play.

POW Hospital R&D Centre Park High Street Gateway Precinct Research & Development Precinct

POW Hospital Elevation B


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MUDD 18Image name Image name Image name


Strategic plan: biomedical+multidisciplinary campus

Biomedical+Multidisciplinary Campus

by Shao Jing , Wan Guyi& Zhang Qinghong

UNSW Randwick Campuspropose 500 additional job by 2031

Randwick Royal Racecourse

Kensington shopping centre

Research Parkpropose 1300 additional job by 2031

UNSW Campuspropose 600 additional job by 2031

Randwick Health Centrepropose 1000 additional job by 2031

Kingsford shopping centre

Randwick shopping centre

This scheme embraces a vision of an integrated knowledge cluster focused on improving the connection between existing knowledge centres in Randwick. As a sub-campus of the University of New South Wales main campus, the project will transform the Universitys Randwick campus into a collaborative, multidisciplinary, environmental research facility. This design will involve the adaptive re-use of a tram shed, whilst new residential accommodation will meet the demand for additional student housing. Spine roads within the precinct enhance connectivity and create links between different precincts, and a new bus route enhances accessibility throughout the area, supported by pedestrian and cycle friendly paths. Looking at existing developments in the area, a broader range of uses along the Randwick Racecourse High Street frontage will improve the venues longterm viability. When fully developed, this project will not only showcase best practice environmental performance, but also support job creation.

Multidisciplinary Collaboration PrecinctTransit Block Precinct Randwick UNSW Campus Precinct

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Pocket Park

Tram Line and Tram Station

Sustainable Mixed Use Building - LandmarkSustainable Mixed Use BuildingSustainable Apartments

Elevation

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Strategic Plan: innovation transplant heart

Innovation Transplant Heart

by Dai Wen , Li Ji

& Sim Sok Toeur

This design supports greater public and private engagement through the introduction of entrepreneurial functions into the existing network of institutional facilities in the area. The framework designed to support this environment of innovation involves the establishment of specialized functions for the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Kensington and Randwick campuses. New functions include the integration of a commercialisation workshop and a culture and living centre. The existing tramshed on site will incorporate a mix of uses, including conference and exhibition areas to support public engagement activities. These elements will attract and encourage a vibrant and interactive environment. Additional research space on the periphery of the UNSW Kensington Campus and Prince of Wales Hospital will be used to strengthen the facilities of each organisation, placing them on the cutting edge of education and health research.

Research Plaza+University Village Sustainable Model for Living Precinct Innovation Transfer Precinct

Research Plaza & University Village Section A-A , Secton B-B Tramshed Plaza Perspective

Professor Weirick

Dr. Scott Hawken44

MUDD 18

Canberras original geometries were laid to express the core values of the new Federation and Walter Burley Griffins own philosophies on democracy and civic life. However, in its subsequent implementation a cabal of influences from politics to the sweep of Modernism has seen the city fall short of its potential. In the 21st Century and beyond, Canberra faces challenges and circumstances that Griffin and the founders could not have foreseen Climate change, financial crises, and the rise of the global city within a network society.

We offer a critique of the CAPITheticAL brief to hypothetically relocate Canberra. Great quantities of untapped social, material, and natural capital speak to the value of renewing, not abandoning, Canberras urban form. We suggest searching for the ideas of tomorrow, in the plans of yesterday.

The Cuidad Lineal | Canberra Landscape concept operates in two different ways. At one level it is a self-contained city of fully functional independent neighborhoods linked together through a light rail system. At this level it is a universal city based on common principles of good city form typical of Lynch, Jacobs and Gehl. At another level it is specifically tailored to the topographic qualities of Canberras landscape; with its tree lined streets, ephemeral stream corridors and distant mountain backdrop.

We present ten representative urban areas to demonstrate the effectiveness of our concept across a variety of contexts. After Cuidad Lineal principles have been applied, each precinct becomes a self-contained entity with all necessary functions of a community to service and increase the livability of surrounding suburbs. Each precinct is based on a 400m wide strip of land along a 2000m section of the new Light Rail system. Development is based on proportional representation of overall projected 2050 population increases of 5000 persons and 2500 jobs per precinct. Existing cultural monuments continue extant, many are reframed for better urban integration. The fusion of the linear city and the suburban Canberra landscape elevates the city of Canberra to a more dynamic, interesting, and livable whole.

Canberra - CAPITheticaLCanberra Competition

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Canberra CAPITheticALDesign Competition

Team Members (in alphabetical order):1. Genevieve Blanchett 2. Hao-Ting Chung 3. Avril Daniel Cravioto 4. Xin Fu 5. Jie Gao 6. Xusheng He 7. Tong Jiao 8. Li Li 9. Jing Li 10. Chengwei Li 11. William Robertson 12. Anthony Yan 13. Yanan Zhang 14. Boying Zhou 15. Liu Zhuoquin - James Weirick (Course Convenor), Scott Hawken (Course Convenor)

Australian National University

Macarthur Avenue

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John Zerby

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MUDD 18

Spain and the Euro Crisis:The Importance of a Political Economy Context in Urban DesignThe political economy of Spain and the Euro crisis can be viewed from two perspectives: from a global and communitarian level and the other from a national or sovereignist level. These viewpoints are often in conflict, but there may be occasions when bottom-up initiatives unlock the constraints on current consumption that have resulted from major shifts in the responsibilities of managing aggregate demand, as are normally assigned to one or more of the three pillars of neoclassical capitalism business, government and households. Such a situation may exist currently and the opportunity for productivity enhancements from some of Spains autonomous communities may point to an ultimate resolution for the crisis. This possibility makes the international projects for MUDD 18 particularly interesting.

The global perspective of the European Monetary Union (EMU) began with the major change in communitarian attitudes that developed after 1945. In seeking a fresh start at the end of World War II, both Western and Eastern Europe failed to define a satisfactory forward-looking direction (read this as a vector or a compass bearing) other than insistence that it must be among the set of vectors of no return to the old demons of European political economy (unemployment, inflation, fascism, militarism, war and revolution). Fabio Libert identified three schools of thought for such an achievement through European integration (Why We Need the Council of Europe, Le Monde Diplomatique, September 2012). Unionists sought as much cooperation as possible within the overarching structure of sovereign states. Federalists were sufficiently swayed by the ultimate intransigence of territorial integrity, which was a fundamental part of Westphalian sovereignty, to seek a European federation. Functionalists believed that increased economic and social integration would inevitably lead to political union as a result of a locomotive effect, presumably with political union as the caboose.

As we now know, the unionists won the first round in achieving the Treaty of Paris in 1951, thus establishing the European Coal and Steel Community that was later converted to the European Economic Community in 1967 after merging with a number of other European institutions. The functionalist won the second round (if we can call it that) with the Maastricht Treaty that established the European Union in 1993. The prospect of bringing Eastern Europe into the Union after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 undoubtedly gave that school of thought a major fillip, but the role of the institutions of the European Union should not be undervalued. Institutionalists followed structural imperatives and delegated power to supranational agents who, in turn, devised new projects and mobilised coalitions to strengthen the institutions that granted the power. Such institutions may be the true locomotives of the European Union, while increased economic and social integration may be more of an effect than a cause of community coherence.

Europes current progress remains contingent more upon a strong, lingering desire to avoid revisiting its troubled past than it is upon a specific goal or

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ultimate destination. The European publics disenchantment with the EU in recent years is most probably based upon the increasing importance given to the economic and financial position of the monetary union and to the powers of the European Commission (with little or no answerability through democratic processes), during the steady pull of the locomotives that finally brought an end to Europes immediate post-war mindset. But then there was no collectively determined place to go. Structural imperatives continue to set the agenda and the designated agents continue to apply Goldilocks solutions wherein each imperative is tasted to find one that is neither too hot nor too cold, but rather is just right.

This takes us to the second perspective. How was Spain affected by these Goldilocks solutions and how is this effect nudging the European Monetary Union from below? After the death of Franco in November 1975, Spain immediately began the transition to democracy, ending with a constitutional monarchy that is articulated through a parliamentary democracy. Of particular importance are the autonomous communities that were created by the Spanish Constitution of 1978. While the Constitution established the indissoluble unity of the Spanish Nation, the common and indivisible homeland of all Spaniards; it also recognised and guaranteed the right to self-government of the nationalities and regions of which it is composed, and the solidarity among them all.

When the global financial crisis engulfed most of the members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Spain was experiencing a substantial housing-market bubble that arose from the seemingly irresistible temptation for Spaniards to borrow money at low interest rates to purchase a house. These rates were offered by EMU banks and were fully authorised by EMU institutions through a set of Goldilocks solutions that were intended, among other things, to maintain comparable interest rates throughout the monetary union. Risk factors among EMU members were trivialised, but the subsequent fall in housing prices to levels that were well below the amount of the respective mortgages was treated with great seriousness. Foreclosures, bankruptcies and high levels of unemployment resulted.

The OECD was definite in its conclusion that in the longer term, sustained growth for Spain will require policies to increase productivity, encourage greater investment in innovative sectors and channel investment into human capital(1). This is what the Basque Country Autonomous Community and the Catalua Autonomous Community did prior to the global financial crisis as part of their respective self-governance. The way in which this can feed into growth strategies for Spain, and subsequently for the entire EU, remains uncertain. Similarly, and perhaps with even less certainty, the way in which design projects in Bilbao and Barcelona could enhance the innovative and creative process in their local communities

remains elusive. A political economy context may identify opportunities, but rarely will it provide a roadmap for successfully capturing them. Karlyn Adams summarised research by cognitive psychologists on the sources of innovation and creativity and stated that one of the keys to individual creativity is a non-threatening and non-controlling environment that is conducive to the combination and recombination of ideas in such a way that it forms synergistic thinking(2). This does not differ substantially from a broader objective of urban design, which is to facilitate human transit and/or interaction within a defined urban space. So perhaps we need not do anything new and different to enhance innovation and creativity. Except for one thing to list it as a specific objective since it can then be subsequently evaluated in terms of its significant (or not so significant) contribution to that objective. Does this sound like a Goldilocks solution? Indeed it does, but sometimes that is all we have until we labour to improve upon it.

(1) OECD Perspectives: Spain Policies for a Sustainable Recovery, October 2011

(2) www.skillscommission.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/SourcesInnovationCreativity.pdf

Dr. Scott Hawken

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MUDD 18

From Next to NexusUrban Regeneration of Punta de Zorrotza, Bilbao

Billbao-Madrid International Studio

Bilbao is known around the world for its miraculous transformation after a period of serious environmental, social and industrial decline. This transformation is known as the Guggenheim Effect and recognised as best practice urban regeneration. Eighteen students from the MUDD program and the built environment faculty travelled to Bilbao to study this transformation first hand and to propose a development for the next phase of this project, which has been labelled Bilbao Next. This phase continues the citys transition from a mono-functional industrial economy to a diversified service and tourism based economy.

The catalyst for reform has been a comprehensive process of investment in modern port facilities, sparkling urban transport infrastructure, environmental remediation, urban renewal and cultural architecture. The emblem for this renewal, and in fact for post-industrial renewal globally, is Frank Gehrys Guggenheim Museum. The challenge for the students was to be inspired by the Guggenheim Effect while moving beyond it both programmatically and formally. The waterfront site, set as a development and design challenge, was the Punta de Zorrotza: a tongue of land reaching down from the iron rich hinterland to meet the confluence of the River Cadagua and Nervon. The area is 31.61 hectares, and one of the last sizeable post-industrial areas available for urban regeneration in central Bilbao. After visiting Bilbao and the Punta de Zorrotza the students were hosted within the inspirational walls of the Eco-box; the environmentally innovative headquarters of the Fundacin Metrpoli; an urban think tank based in Madrid.

The Punta de Zorrotza studio researched and developed various urbane versions of the kind of entrepreneurial garages already taking place on industrial sites around the city. Rather than implementing knee-jerk austerity programs in the face of current dire economic forecasts, the Studio suggested effective urban innovations for continuing Bilbaos regeneration. The class developed six visions and business models. Rather than leaving the industrial past behind, the studio investigated ways to bring it decisively into the digital age. Not Next but Nexus.

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AFood markets

Fine grained residentials

Urban agriculture innovation campus

Corporate food

Tourism school and apartments

Research centre

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MUDD 18

Bilbao From Next to Nexus

Set amongst the awe-inspiring backdrop of Bilbaos natural landscape, this post-industrial site is a diamond in the rough, ripe for an urban transformation. This bespoke landmark will become a celebration of Basque culture, where visitors are absorbed in a haven of food restaurants, marketplaces, learning facilities and urban farms. The location of public spaces along the riverfront and central Grand Boulevard are central to this schemes design, which sees the extension of Bilbaos existing urban fabric to this ambitious new development. The project capitalises on Bilbaos strong identity and world renowned Basque culinary culture, thrusting it into the future whilst at the same time preserving the cultural foundations on which it was built. The adaptive reuse of the existing warehouse, shipping and mill buildings into marketplaces, food innovation facilities and a wine museum, convey an economic shift from a trade to service-based economy.

Bilbao Basque Cuisine

by Liu Xiaomeng, Karl Desai, Sok Sim Toeur

Program layout Stages of development

Waterfront of East Bank Source: www.e-architect.co.uk

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Basque food culture is celebrated in this corner of the city where all the carnal senses are tantalised by the spread on offer food, drink, nature, education, relaxation and enjoyment. The post-industrial context of the Punta de Zorrotza is rejoiced through adaptive reuse of the existing urban fabric and respectful building programming oriented toward the riverfront.

This scheme involves the design of a campus focused on research, education, exhibition and experimental plots all focused on food technology and urban agriculture. The campus sits within a larger precinct focused on developing and commercialising Basque food products and culture.

Bilbao is transforming its economic base from heavy manufacturing to culture and services. Basque cuisine is a globally celebrated cultural asset. This scheme involves the transformation of a post-industrial site into a service in-dustry development designed to promote the Basque Countrys food culture-and export it to the world.

by Liu Xiaomeng

by Sok Sim Toeur

Urban Agriculture Innovation Campus

Basque Cuisine to the World

by Karl DesaiBasque Food Experience

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MUDD 18


The Transformation Of Heavy Industry Into Green Services

by Feng Jingchao, Gao Jie, Zhang Qinghong

This scheme seeks to remediate the landscape and establish an iconic sustainable precinct showcasing green industry and livable neighborhoods. The design proposition is based on the 3 Ls, long life, loose fit and low impact, to achieve the greenest outcome. Its aim is to make Punta de Zorrotza the new international standard for green community planning in southern Europe, competing with model precincts in Scandinavian countries such as Malmo, Sweden. In addition, it is proposed that this model be applied beyond Bilbao, to other Southern European urban areas. Linking green growth and sustainable development may provide Spain with a way to address the current employment crisis. With this in mind, it is considered that an environmental policy aimed at protecting the global environment through a focus on reducing carbon emissions, will provide more opportunities for technological innovation and work opportunities for young people.

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by Gao Jie

by Zhang Qinghong

Green Grafts For Industrial Remnants

From Industrial Power House to Green Business

by Feng Jingchao Greening The Ro Nervin

The concept of the scheme is to create a water cycle wetland system and green multifunctional building complex at the end of the life line on the Punta de Zorrotza (peninsula). Therefore the site will provide ecosystem services, and green business services not only for the local area, but also wider Bilbao.

This scheme proposes a design to attract and maintain green business. The new green business district will focus on the design and manufacture of sustainable urban products and services. The post-industrial site is transformed and converts the current polluted environment into a clean model of urban development.

The project aims to create a new mixed-use eco-precinct, symbolised by the adaptive reuse of the past industrial structure. The town centre is the landmark of the new development. It integrates the landscape into architecture and architecture into landscape, creating community spaces that accommodate a large range of activities within different microclimates and during different seasonal times.


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1. Ferry Terminal and Performing Arts Centre2. Wharf Commercial District3. Residential Neighbourhood4. Canal Promenade5. New Opera and Drama Theatre6. The Old Mill Industrial Museum7. Central Commercial Hub8. Light Rail Connection and Waterfront Esplanade9. Industrial Precinct

Legend

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MUDD 18

Media City 1 and 2

by Derek Georgeson, Emma McGirr, Wan Guyi

The media city team produced two masterplans. Both schemes were orientated along a central boulevard and comprised of various functional precincts. Both masterplans aimed to promote and support an economy centred on media and associated service industries. One focused on the development of various architectural types for the precinct and the other focused on the integration of water sensitive urban design and the development of a media and cultural strategy to promote the development.Water is collected and stored in underground tanks below courtyards, parks and ground level parking spaces. With the sites four metre tidal range, the waterfront public space is designed to be highly accessible and provide locals and visitors with views highlighting daily and seasonal changes.

Media city 1

Media city 2

< 6Motorway

< 12

remediation & public consultation

2014 Masterplanning process begins

Zorrotsa RE-claim festival launched

2015 Infrastruture rollout

Empty space movement ZAWP model

2016Construction of Zone 1

Lots released for de-velopers Zone 4

2017 Road networkcompleted

2019 remediation Zone 3

2013 Funds allocated for delivery

2020 First residents move in Zone 4

2021 Zorrotsa hosts 1st international cultural festival

2022 1st harvest from urban farm Zone 5

2023 Review of Masterplan

Construction Zone 2

Landscaping & public art installation

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Master plan

by Emma McGirr

by Wan Guyi

Zorrotsa Public Art + Culture Strategy

H2O Precinct

Master plan

by Derek GeorgesonMedia City - Wharf District

This village of small towers caters to a variety of uses and clientele. Wharves provide a cultural district filled with shops, cafes and galleries, whilst the ground plane remains a dedicated public space. Above the noisy streetscape, a vibrant trading ground with flexible lot sizes promotes a range uses.

This scheme uses a public art and cultural strategy to generate a fine grain cultural life to counter the often sterile feeling that accompanies new developments. It proposes an art incubation strategy and an incentive based contribution scheme for the arts. Five zones comprising five different policy frameworks structure the cultural program of the site.

The waterfront precinct creates a work/live environment surrounded by the natural water landscape. Through a comprehensive water sensitive urban design strat-egy, the project builds a water treatment fabric linked by swale sidewalks, with collected water stored in underground tanks below courtyards, parks and ground level parking spaces.

Local Start-ups on Zorrotzaurre

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MUDD 18Image name Image name


Entrepreneur City

by Cui Zhen, Dai Wen, Wang Xinbo

Bilbao is currently facing challenges in transforming its industrial economic base into a service-based economy. This scheme proposes intimately linking large, powerful corporations with flexible and nimble startups. This will provide corporations with the capacity to respond to a rapidly changing business environment and benefit startups in accessing an established workforce and the finance and skill sets necessary for establishing new companies. This new corporate model envisages a precinct in which young, t-shirt wearing entrepreneurs, network, mingle, and innovate, with executives wearing suits. The design of this high quality business and employment precinct is supported through the development of quality residential neighbourhoods and a vivid waterfront. The development is also designed to support the citys broad economic goals, planning framework and tourism and transport strategies.

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Zorrotza Point is the symbolic showpiece of entrepreneur city and provides auxiliary services for the main business centre to the south. It will provide an informal and dynamic business-networking environment for the entrepreneur, with a hybrid building that includes leisure facilities and professional services.

by Wang Xinbo

by Dai Wen

Start-ups & Corporations: a collaboration between T-Shirts & Suits

Zorrotza Point : Business Networking Environment

by Cui ZhenTraditional Urban Textures and a Modern Community

This scheme combines startup companies with corporations in a dynamic, high-density development of mixed-use buildings. The buildings are a hybrid of small-scale building annexes for startups and high rise towers for corporations. These annexes are entrepreneurial garages producing ideas that can then be taken up and developed by the corporations.

The vision for the residential precinct is to establish a high quality residential community, an environment that facilitates employment, and a vivid waterfront that supports broad economic, planning, tourism and transport objectives. Small scale commerce will be developed and will support and facilitate the integration of the site with surrounding business precincts.

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MUDD 18

Digital and Design Manufacturing District

mudd18 yearbook

Documents

urban designers

urban innovation

urban developers

new urban landscape

urban designstudent

designed urban places

design of cities

industrial remnants