mud logging introduction without mud logging knowledge

Mud Logging Technology & ServicesMud Logging Technology & Services

China National Logging Corporation

China National Logging CorporationMud Logging Technology & ServicesMud Logging Technology & Services

Welcome to CNLC

CNLC IntroductionMud Logging IntroductionEquipment IntroductionJobs at field




CNLC IntroductionCNLC, providing well bore technical services in international market, mainly engaged in:• Wireline logging, mud logging, well testing, well

completion, perforating and other relevant engineering services.

• Geophysical and Geological research & development.

Mud LoggingMud Logging

Wireline LoggingWireline Logging

Well Testing

Reservoir evaluationReservoir evaluation Coiled TubingCoiled Tubing

WorkoverWorkover

Acid/FractureAcid/Fracture

Perforation

MWD/LWDMWD/LWD

Well Testing

MWD/LWD MWD/LWD Directional Directional DrillingDrilling

ReservoirReservoirEvaluationEvaluation Acid/ Acid/

FractureFracture

Workover/ Completion

WirelineLogging MudLogging

Coiled Tubing

Bore-holeIntegratedServices



Where do we supply our services?

Pakistan

Iran

Azerbaijan

Sudan

Kazakhstan

PetroChina

Venezuela

Libya

Syria

Algeria


CNLC Operation in Sudan

Wireline Logging: Year 1998 for GNPOCMud Logging: Year 2001 for PDOCWelltesting: Year 2001 for PDOC

Now we have operation for GNPOC, PDOC and CNPCIS.


Mud Logging Introduction

What is Mud Logging?

What are the Benefits of Mud Logging?

Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging

Unit


What is Mud Logging?Mud Logging provides subsurface geological information while drilling a well.


What is Mud Logging?Mud Logging is the examination and analysis of geological information contained in formation cuttings and drilling mud to determine if oil and gas are encountered during drilling a well. Mud Logging also is used to provide critical safety functions such as determining pore pressures, kick control and ambient gas monitoring.


What is Mud Logging?

The service requires two to six people at the wellsite, a mobile laboratory unit, acting as the information center for the well and m a y i n c l u d e t h e e l e c t r o n i c monitoring of drilling parameters and third party service provider data. Communication

is essential


What are the Benefits of Mud Logging?Mud Loggers analyze geological data and drilling parametersto identify and quantify potentially productive hydrocarbon reserves, subsurface formation porosity and formation fractures. Mud Loggers also analyze the drilling parameters in conjunction with the formation analysis in order to provide recommendations to improve drilling rates, reduce costs and enhance safety.


Take a Walk through a Typical Mud Logging Unit


EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGY


CNLC mud logging services are focused on adding value for our clients through the intelligent use of quality data. People are the number one factor in our success, however the technology and equipment which is at their disposal has played a very important role in building our reputation for reliability and quality.


Logging UnitUnit dimension is 8 × 2.7 × 3mEmergency escape hatch and double door airlock entry.Safety system: smoke detector, poisonous gas alarm.Two super air-conditions to maintain stable temperature within the unit.Adequate working space is provided for CompanymanUPS System Two extinguishers are equipped for fire.


Geological Analysis

The unit contains a complete set of geological analysis equipment including Stereo Microscope, Fluoroscope and some associated Parts, like sample bags, chemical, Sieves, etc.


Cloth bags and paper clasp sample envelopes


Data Acquisition system

We use sensors to acquire the parameters, use on-line computers to monitor current rig activity. The unit also can transmit data in real-time to the operator’s office. An in-finite number of direct or calculated measurements can be monitored so that an alarm activates against a high, low and a rate of range.


Logging Sensors

Drilling Speed (ROP)Standpipe Pressure (SPP)Hookload (HL, WOB)Rotary speed (RPM)Rotary Torque (TRQ)Stroke Speed (SPM)Mud Flow out (MFO)

Mud Temperate in/out (MTI/MTO)

Mud Conductivity in/out (MCI/MCO)

Mud Weight in/out (MWI/MWO)

Pit Volume

H2S


Drilling Speed (ROP) Rotary speed / Pump Stroke Rate Sensor

Rotary Torque Sensor


Pressure Sensors

Mud Flow out


Mud Conductivity in/out


Mud Weight in/out


Pit Volume

Suction tank

Mud Logging unit

Mud temperature

Mud Density

Mud Conductivity

Pit Level

Mud temperature

Mud Density

Mud Conductivity

Pit Level

Pit Level

Pit Level

Pit Level

Pump

gas

Pump Rate

Depth TraceStandpipe pressureHookloadRotary TableRotary Torque

Mud Flow out

mud

mud

mud

Sensors Position


Chromatographs and Gas detectors

All mud logging units of CNLC use FID detector to detect hydrocarbon which are acquired from mud following in the ditch. This detector have high accuracy and sensitivity. Meanwhile, we use the integrator or wintegratortor automatically calculate acquiring digital total gas and chromatograph data for display, print, plot and storage.


Chromatographs and Gas detectors

Mud Logging Technology & ServicesMud Logging Technology & ServicesChina National Logging Corporation

Jobs at Field

1. Working crew2. Formation Evaluation3. Monitoring for safety drilling


Working Crew

Sample Catcher

Mud Logger

Data Engineer


Sample CatcherCollect and wash samples as specified interval.Pack and label ditch cutting samplesMake ready of cloth bags enough for next shift.Clean the floor of the unit and keep it clearDo other things specified by the team leader and

mud logger


Mud logger

Lithology Description;Update Materlog and reports;Lag time check when necessary;Help the data engineer to monitor real time data and status.


Data Engineer

Analyzes drilling and logging data;

Documents probable, hydrocarbon rich pay

zones;

As Team leader, to communicate with

representative of Oil company and third parts

companies.


2. Formation EvaluationBuild the formation profile of the well location, get the first-hand message of the formation

Continuous total gas and chromatograph

component detecting and analysis


Lithology Description:

Sandstone: color, fabric, grain size, roundness, sphericity, sorting, cementing, mineral, porosity, oil shows.

Claystone: color, fabric, hardness, tenacity, rough calcimetry.


Examples:SST(70%): lt gy, v f-f gr, occ med gr, subang- subrnd,

mod w srt, qtz, p-fr vis por, wi tr-5% blu wh fluor, 10％ strmg bl wh cut, no cut color, no res, p oil show.

CLYST(30%): lt gy-med gy, occ dk gy, subblky-blky, mod hd, sl calc.



Lithology Description:From the Lithology description, we can know the following information of this formation:

Depositional environment (oxidizing environment / reducing environment)Porosity and permeability (big or small)Hydrocarbon bearing condition (good or not)


Estimate of the Percentage

Grain size card:



Color Chart


Shape of the cutting

Cuttings by Cuttings by MicroscopeMicroscope

porosity

Cement

Poorly porosity



Hydrocarbon Evaluation

The order of hydrocarbon shows description is:Odor (type and strength)Oil stain or bleeding (distribution, intensity, color)Sample fluorescence (percentage, intensity, color)Cut color fluorescence (speed, character, intensity and color)Cut color and intensityCut residue (intensity and color)


Oil Shows Description:Oil stain: percentage, type, colorDirectly fluorescence: percentage, color, intensity.Cut fluorescence: speed, patten, color.Residue: percentage, type.


OdorOdor may range from heavy, characteristic of low gravity oil, to light and penetrating, for condensate. Some dry gases have no odor. Report its strength as good, fair or faint.

Staining and BleedingThe amount of oil staining on cuttings and cores is primarily a function of the distribution of the porosity and the oil distribution within the pores. The color of the stain is related to oil gravity. Heavy oil stains tend to be a dark brown, while light oil stains tend to be colorless.


Directly fluorescence under UltraViolet box


Sample fluorescenceColor: from brown through green, gold, blue,

yellow, to white; in most instances, the heavier oils have darker fluorescence.

Distribution: even, spotted, or mottled Intensity: bright, dull, pale, and faint.


Cut fluorescence under UV box

Solvent:Solvent:ChloroformChloroform


Solvent Cut Fluorescence

Cut speed: an indication of both the solubility of the oil and the permeability of the sample. Cut nature: the solvent with dissolved oil may occur in uniform, streaming or blooming. A streaming cut also indicates low oil mobility.Cut color and intensity: After observing the sample under UV light observe the sample under natural light. The cut color observed in natural light is just called cut color (example: very light brown cut color or no cut color).


Cut Residue:The solvent dissolves rapidly under the heat of the UV light, sometimes leaving a residue of oil around the cutting on the spot plate. The true color of the oil can then be observed. The intensity and opacity of color, especially of the residue, is an indicator of the oil density and the quantity of oil originally in the cutting.


Another way to analysis hydrocarbon bearing-- Gas Analysis

If the formation bear the hydrocarbon, when the bit crash the formation, the hydrocarbon inside will flow out and mix with mud. Use the special equipment it can be broken the hydrocarbon away from the mud and analysis inside the unit.

(See Drilling.AVI)


Gas Analysis:

Degasser

(at gas trap)

Gas line Chromatography

(in unit)

Computer Recorder

Sample pump


Integrator


Chromatography

Gas analysis process:



2.5s



3. Monitoring For Safety Drilling

Real time acquisition, processing and recording

drilling parameter

Real time alphanumeric & graphic data display for

safety drilling

Real time monitor and recording the mud properties



Engineering Parameters to log:Total DepthROPWOHHook speedHook heightWOBRPMRotary TorqueStandpipe pressWellhead press.SPM & total Pump strokes

Lag time

Flow in/out

Temp in/out

Mud Weight in/out

Resistively in/out

Conductivity in/out

Mud volumes

Total gas and chromatography

H2S / CO2

-Exponent


Drilling Real-time monitor plo

Difficult Hole Condition：

Mud loss (MFO ↘, pit volume ↘, SPP↘)

Kick off (MFO ↗, pit volume ↗ , Gas ↗)

Wear out (SPP↘)

Bit teeth worn out (TRQ)

Tight hole (Hookload)


Trip Monitor


StandsNo.

Trip tank Vol.(m3)

Theo. Disp.(m3)

Cumm. Theo.Disp. (m3)

Act. Disp.(m3)

Cumm. Act.Disp. (m3)

Mud Loss/Gain(m3)

Cumm. Loss/gain(m3)

0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 05 0.93 0.51 0.51 0.43 0.43 -0.08 -0.0810 1.38 0.51 1.02 0.45 0.88 -0.06 -0.1415 1.83 0.51 1.53 0.45 1.33 -0.06 -0.220 2.27 0.51 2.04 0.44 1.77 -0.07 -0.2725 2.66 0.51 2.55 0.39 2.16 -0.12 -0.3930 3.15 0.51 3.06 0.49 2.65 -0.02 -0.41

Trip monitor sheet

Trip monitor sheet

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0 10 20 30 40

Stands

Mud volume

Theo.

Act.


Wherever we goWherever we goWhatever we doWhatever we do

whoever we servewhoever we serve

It isIt is PerfectionPerfectionthat we pursuethat we pursue



Thank You