MRSA—Methicillin MRSA—Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Resistant Staphylococcus

Mr. Wilburn, Maria Jimenez, Mr. Wilburn, Maria Jimenez, Tiana Mason, Jennifer Tertulien, Tiana Mason, Jennifer Tertulien,

& Greg Otte& Greg Otte

MRSA Infection

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

1.1. What is MRSA (Methicillin Resistant What is MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus)?Staphylococcus)?

2.2. What causes the MRSA?What causes the MRSA?3.3. Who’s at risk?Who’s at risk?4.4. Symptoms Symptoms 5.5. TreatmentTreatment6.6. PreventionPrevention7.7. Statistics/ResearchStatistics/Research8.8. Pertinent InformationPertinent Information9.9. ReferencesReferences10.10.QuizQuiz

What is MRSA-Methicillin Resistant What is MRSA-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus?Staphylococcus?

• A chronic infectious diseaseA chronic infectious disease• MRSA refers to a type of bacteria MRSA refers to a type of bacteria

((Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus) that is ) that is resistant to many antibiotics.resistant to many antibiotics.

• It is a common cause of hospital-It is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections. It is also found on acquired infections. It is also found on many individuals skin and seems to many individuals skin and seems to cause no major problems. cause no major problems.

• If it gets inside the body, for instance If it gets inside the body, for instance under the skin or into the lungs, it can under the skin or into the lungs, it can cause infections such as boils or cause infections such as boils or pneumonia. pneumonia.

What causes the MRSA?What causes the MRSA?

The bacteria is generally spread through direct The bacteria is generally spread through direct contact with the hands of a health care worker contact with the hands of a health care worker or patient who is infected or carrying the or patient who is infected or carrying the organism. organism.

Individuals can become carriers of Individuals can become carriers of MRSAMRSA in the in the same way that they can become a carrier by same way that they can become a carrier by physical contact with the organism. physical contact with the organism.

If the organism is on the skin then it can be If the organism is on the skin then it can be passed around by physical contact. passed around by physical contact.

If the organism is in the nose or is associated If the organism is in the nose or is associated with the lungs rather than the skin then it may with the lungs rather than the skin then it may be passed around by droplet spread from the be passed around by droplet spread from the mouth mouth

Who’s at risk?Who’s at risk?

• Anyone can get MRSA, but it is found Anyone can get MRSA, but it is found most often in hospitalized patients.most often in hospitalized patients.

• Individuals who carry this organism are Individuals who carry this organism are usually totally healthy, have minimal usually totally healthy, have minimal health problems whatsoever and are health problems whatsoever and are considered simply to be carriers of the considered simply to be carriers of the organism.organism.

• People with poor hygiene People with poor hygiene • YouthYouth• People who participate in contact sportsPeople who participate in contact sports

Symptoms Symptoms

• RednessRedness

• SwellingSwelling

• Tenderness around the area of the Tenderness around the area of the cutcut

• The next slide may be hard to see, if The next slide may be hard to see, if you have a weak stomach, close your you have a weak stomach, close your eyes…eyes…

Pictures of MRSAPictures of MRSA

TreatmentTreatment

• MRSA cannot be effectively treated MRSA cannot be effectively treated with antibiotics such as methicillin, with antibiotics such as methicillin, nafcillin, cephalosporin or penicillin.nafcillin, cephalosporin or penicillin.

• It can usually be treated with an It can usually be treated with an antibiotic called vancomycin.antibiotic called vancomycin.

PreventionPrevention(Primary)(Primary)

• Terminal CleaningTerminal Cleaning• Sanitation Sanitation • Washing your handsWashing your hands• Avoid unnecessary antibiotics Avoid unnecessary antibiotics • Avoid skin-to-skin contactAvoid skin-to-skin contact• Cover openings or cuts in skinCover openings or cuts in skin• Avoid contaminated surfacesAvoid contaminated surfaces• Avoid Crowed living conditions( ex. prisons Avoid Crowed living conditions( ex. prisons

or hospitals) or hospitals)

Secondary PreventionSecondary Prevention

• Visit your doctor for regular check-Visit your doctor for regular check-ups and to diagnose earlyups and to diagnose early

Tertiary PreventionTertiary Prevention

• Use a more potent antibiotic to treatUse a more potent antibiotic to treat

• Amputate infected areaAmputate infected area

• Stay away from others Stay away from others

Statistics/ResearchStatistics/Research

• Study led by the CDC, October 17, 2007, Study led by the CDC, October 17, 2007, figures suggest that MRSA infections are figures suggest that MRSA infections are responsible for more deaths in the U.S. each responsible for more deaths in the U.S. each year than AIDS.year than AIDS.

• A 2008 study indicated that MRSA may be a A 2008 study indicated that MRSA may be a sexually transmitted disease among gay men. sexually transmitted disease among gay men.

• MRSA causes as many as 20% of MRSA causes as many as 20% of Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus infections in infections in populations that use intravenous drugs populations that use intravenous drugs

• MRSA is also becoming a problem in pediatric MRSA is also becoming a problem in pediatric settings, including hospital nurseries settings, including hospital nurseries

ReferencesReferences

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureusresistant_Staphylococcus_aureus

• http://www.link.med.ed.ac.uk/ridu/Mrsa.htmhttp://www.link.med.ed.ac.uk/ridu/Mrsa.htm• http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/

communicable/staphylococcus_aureus/communicable/staphylococcus_aureus/methicillin_resistant/fact_sheet.htmmethicillin_resistant/fact_sheet.htm

• http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-mrsa-preventiontreatments/understanding-mrsa-prevention

• http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_MRSA.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_MRSA.html• http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/http://www.health.state.ny.us/diseases/

communicable/staphylococcus_aureus/communicable/staphylococcus_aureus/methicillin_resistant/fact_sheet.htmmethicillin_resistant/fact_sheet.htm

QuizQuiz• Q: What three major groups of people that can Q: What three major groups of people that can

catch MRSA?catch MRSA?• A: Hospital patients, athletes, childrenA: Hospital patients, athletes, children• Q: Name two of the symptoms that a person Q: Name two of the symptoms that a person

may get if they are a carrier of MRSA.may get if they are a carrier of MRSA.• A: Redness, swelling, tenderness around A: Redness, swelling, tenderness around

infected areainfected area• Q: What type of disease is MRSA (chronic Q: What type of disease is MRSA (chronic

infectious or chronic noninfectious)?infectious or chronic noninfectious)?• A: Chronic InfectiousA: Chronic Infectious• Q: Can MRSA be cured?Q: Can MRSA be cured?• A: Yes!!! It’s a bacteria and it’s curable with A: Yes!!! It’s a bacteria and it’s curable with

potent antibiotics.potent antibiotics.• Q: What are three ways to prevent the spread Q: What are three ways to prevent the spread

of MRSA?of MRSA?• A: Stay away from infected people, wash your A: Stay away from infected people, wash your

hands (keep yourself clean, & strengthen your hands (keep yourself clean, & strengthen your immune system by exercising regularly and immune system by exercising regularly and eating a healthy, balanced diet. Do it! eating a healthy, balanced diet. Do it!