MR. LIPMAN’S US 1 POWERPOINT

CHAPTER TWOTHE COLONIZATION OF THE

AMERICAS

The Conquest of Mexico

• 1519 – Hernán Cortés sailed from Cuba to Mexico to conquer Aztecs

• 1521 Cortes conquers the Aztecs and Montezuma

• 1580 Pope’s Rebellion against the Spanish

• By 1600 most Indians had died from disease

Explorations of Hernán Cortés

• Roanoke –1585 – island settled off coast of

Virginia by Sir Walter Raleigh –Roanoke colonists disappeared; still a

mystery as to what happened to them

JAMESTOWN FOUNDED 1607 AS FIRST SUCCESSFUL ENGLISH COLONY

Map of Jamestown

The Pilgrims Search Ends at Plymouth

• In 1620, a group of 102 people, set sail on the Mayflower for America from Holland where they had fled 12 years before from England

– They negotiated with the Virginia Company to settle in its jurisdiction but got lost and ended up at Plymouth in what would become Massachusetts

• The Mayflower Compact was written and signed before the Pilgrims disembarked from the Mayflower

–Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude government and submit to majority rule

PURITANS vs. SEPARATISTS• Non-Separatists Puritans– Less radical than Separatists; sought to

reform Church of England from within

• Massachusetts’ religious mission•“We shall be as a city upon a hill” – John

Winthrop

•Colonists shared a sense of purpose to build a holy society to serve as an example to the rest of the world

• Anne Hutchinson Intelligent, strong-willed, well-spoken woman • Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of

either God or man

ROGER WILLIAMSPuritans in Massachusetts Bay wanted to

exile him to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony

Instead he founded the colony of Rhode Island

• 1637 – the Pequot War– Hostility broke out between Pequot and whites – Whites (with Narragansett Indian allies) attacked

Pequot village on Mystic River, setting fire to homes and shooting fleeing survivors

– Pequot tribe was virtually annihilated; uneasy peace lasted 40 years

• 1675 – 1676 – King Philip’s War– Metacom (known as King Philip to whites)– Colonists put his head on a stake for 20 years

THE DUTCH AND THE COLONIES

• The 1600s were a golden age of Dutch history –Country was a major commercial and naval

power, challenging England on sea

• Explorations of Henry Hudson – Sailed to Delaware Bay, New York Bay, and

then down the Hudson River Looking for the “Northwest Passage” across Americas to Asia by sea

• New Netherland –Was founded in 1623 – 1624 in the Hudson

River Area– The colony had little ammunition and poor

defenses; Peter Stuyvesant was the first Governor and was forced to surrender without firing a shot when England decided to attack. –New Amsterdam was renamed New York by

the English (for the Duke of York)

• William Penn, a noble Englishman who was attracted to the Quaker faith–Wanted to help fellow Quakers escape

persecution –Believed in liberal ideas of government–Was friendly to Indians

• Penn received the huge grant of fertile land to settle a debt the king owed Penn’s father – The king named area Pennsylvania (“Penn’s

Woodland”) –Philadelphia (“brother love” in Greek) was

established as the capitol

• Middle colonies – New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania

• Spanish Armada –Catholic Spanish King Philip II

assembled “Invincible Armada” of ships to invade England

• In 1588, the Spanish sailed for England – English ships attacked using better

ships (smaller but faster, with better crew) inflicted damages on Spanish – Then huge storm (the “Protestant

wind”) finished off the Spanish

Colony of Maryland founded 1634 as a religious

haven-later Act of

Toleration passed

• Indentured servants were white English farmers displaced by the enclosure movement – They voluntarily mortgaged their work in the

Chesapeake for several years to get a transatlantic passage

• The headright system encouraged indentured servants to come provided that for every indentured servant

who was brought over the master, or payer, would receive 50 acres of land.

Bacon’s Rebellion• In 1676 1,000 Virginians, most former

indentured servants who had moved west to the Piedmont area for available land, rebelled – They resented Governor Berkeley’s

corrupt relations with the Indians and how he monopolized the fur trade with the Indians in the Chesapeake and would not allow expansion by settlers

Bacon’s Rebellion–Rebels attacked the Indians, whether they

were friendly or not to whites –Governor Berkeley was driven from

Jamestown and rebels burned the city –During rebellion, Bacon died of disease –Gov. Berkeley crushed the rebellion and 20

rebels were then hung as punishment for their actions.

Nathaniel Bacon

• Georgia Founded in 1733 – Last of 13 colonies– Named in honor of King George II– Founded by James Oglethorpe

• Purposes of Georgia– Chiefly was to serve as a buffer between

the valuable Carolinas and Spanish Florida and French Louisiana

– Served as a haven for debtors thrown into prison

Early Carolina and Georgia Settlements