mr. akagi-bustin's science - cc313 001 004 l1 sn …...boyle’s law charles’s law academic...

States of Matter 77

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.States of MatterName Date

What physical changes and energy changes occur as

matter goes from one state to another?

Before You ReadBefore you read the chapter, think about what you know about states of matter. Record three things that you already know about matter in the first column. Then write three things that you would like to learn about changes in matter in the second column. Complete the final column of the chart when you have finished this chapter.

Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3

NEWsolidliquidviscositysurface tensiongasvapor

REVIEWmatter

NEW kinetic energytemperaturethermal energyvaporizationevaporationcondensationsublimationdeposition

NEW kinetic molecular

theorypressureBoyle’s LawCharles’s Law

ACADEMICtheory

Chapter Vocabulary

KWhat I Know

WWhat I Want to Learn

LWhat I Learned

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78 States of Matter

Lesson 1

Scan Lesson 1. Read the lesson titles and bold words. Look at the pictures. Identify three facts you discovered about matter. Record your facts in your Science Journal.

Solids, Liquids, and GasesC

opyright © G

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raw-H

ill, a division of The M

cGraw

-Hill C

ompanies, Inc.

Recall the states of matter.

1. 3.

2. 4.

Characterize ways to describe matter.

using the senses

Ways to Describe Matter

using measurements

unit(s):

solid liquid

unit(s):

unit(s):unit(s):

Identify two factors that determine the state of matter.

1. 2.

Explain the free motion of particles.

Describing Matter

I found this on page .





States of Matter 79

Lesson 1 | Solids, Liquids, and Gases (continued)

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.

Relate particle motion to the distance between particles.

Particle

Speedslow faster fastest

Strength of

attractive

forces

Space

between

particles

tight increased spread out

Particle

motion

Characterize solids.

definite particle arrangement:

attractive forces: particle motion:

Solids

Differentiate crystalline solids from amorphous solids.

Crystalline Solids Amorphous Solids

Particle arrangement:

Example property:

Particle arrangement:

Example property:



Solids



80 States of Matter

Lesson 1 | Solids, Liquids, and Gases (continued)

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Characterize liquids.

particle motion: attractive forces:

indefinite definite

Liquids

Define viscosity.

Relate cohesion to surface tension.

Cohesion is the Molecules at the surface of a liquid have no

.

Therefore, they experience a

, and produce surface tension.

Describe gases.

indefinite attractive forces:

vapor: particle motion and arrangement:

Gases



Liquids


Gases


Analyze It Hypothesize what would happen if the attractive forces between all of the particles of matter on Earth were equal.


States of Matter 81

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Lesson 2

Predict three facts that will be discussed in Lesson 2 after reading the headings. Write your facts in your Science Journal.

Changes in State

Relate kinetic energy and temperature to particle motion. Draw arrows to show correlating increase or decrease.

Particle Motion Kinetic Energy of Particles Temperature

Contrast the potential energy of particles.

Particles farther apart

Particles closer together

Detail changes in thermal energy.

increased

increased

kinetic energy

potential energy

particles move

particles get

particles move

particles get

Add

thermal energy

Remove

thermal energy

Compare thermal energy with temperature.

Kinetic and Potential Energy




Thermal Energy



82 States of Matter

Lesson 2 | Changes in State (continued)

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panies, Inc.

Model the process of melting. D raw a line to indicate the thermal energy versus temperature changes as a solid changes to a liquid. Label the line to indicate the changes in temperature (T) and potential energy (PE).

Tem

pera

ture

Incr

ease

s

Thermal Energy Increases

Contrast freezing with melting.

Represent the process of boiling . Draw a line to indicate the thermal energy versus temperature changes as a liquid changes to a gas. Label the line to indicate the changes in temperature (T) and potential energy (PE).

Tem

pera

ture

Incr

ease

s

Thermal Energy Increases

Solid to Liquid or Liquid to Solid



Liquid to Gas or Gas to Liquid



States of Matter 83

Lesson 2 | Changes in State (continued)

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Differentiate terms associated with changes of state.

Term Description

Vaporization

Evaporation

Boiling

Condensation

Compare sublimation with deposition.

Characterize water.

Melting point: Boiling point:

Unique because:

Restate concepts of conservation of mass and energy.

Mass: Matter changes , but the total amount

of the matter .

Energy: Thermal energy is sometimes by

surrounding matter, but the total energy is .

Connect It Suppose that you want to compare the mass of a block of ice to its mass as liquid water. You mass the ice, and then you mass a pan. You put the ice in the pan and place it over high heat. What will you find if you measure the mass of the water after it has been boiling for several minutes?

Solid to Gas or Gas to Solid



States of Water


Conservation of Mass and Energy



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