MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

Motivation is the result of processes, internal or external to the individual, that arouse enthusiasm & persistence to pursue a certain course of action

It represents an unsatisfied need which creates a state of tension, causing the individual to make a goal oriented pattern towards restoring a state of equilibrium by satisfying the need.

NATURE OF MOTIVATION

It refers to the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways

It is the inner feeling which energizes a person to work more

The emotions or desires of a person prompt him for doing a particular work

Importance of motivation

High performance Low employee turnover Better organizational image Better industrial relations Acceptability to change Better quality orientation Better productivity

THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

Maslow’s need hierarchy theory

HERZBERG 2 FACTOR THEORY Herzberg conducted a motivational

study on 200 accountants and engineers There are certain factors that tend to be

consistently related to job satisfaction (Motivational factor) & on the other hand there are certain factors which are consistently related to job dissatisfaction (Hygiene factor).

Hygiene factors

They do not motivate people much. If these factors are present they don’t

motivate but if absent leads to dissatisfaction.

There are 10 maintenance and hygiene factors:

Company policy or administration Technical supervision Interpersonal relationship with supervisor Interpersonal relationship with peers Salary Job security Personal life Working conditions Status

Motivation factors

These factors have a positive effect on job satisfaction and often results in increase in output.

They enhances morale, satisfaction, efficiency and productivity.

If these factors are present they motivate, if absent does not lead to dissatisfaction.

There are 6 factors:

Achievement Advancement Growth Recognition Responsibility Work itself

McGREGOR THEORY

He developed 2 theories : Theory X & Y Theory X workers could be described as: - Individuals who dislike work and avoid it. - Individuals who lack ambition, dislike

responsibility - Individual who desire security Theory Y could be described as: - Consider effort at work as just like rest or play - They don’t dislike work. - Individuals who seek responsibility

TAYLOR – SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

Man is a rational, economic animal concerned with maximising his economic gain

People respond as individuals not as groups

People can be treated in a standardized fashion like machines

Implications

The main form of motivation is high wages

A manager’s job is to tell employees what to do

A worker's job is to do what they are told and get paid accordingly

MOTIVATION IN PRACTICE

Financial Incentives Commission Performance related pay Job rotation Job enlargement Job enrichment

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