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CHAPTER 5

DELEGATING AUTHORITY AND EMPOWERING

EMPLOYEES

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• Recognize the importance of delegation• Explain what is involved in the delegation

process, including authority, responsibility, and accountability• Understand the role of authority• Understand the role of power and why it is a

great motivator• Explain the role of empowerment and indicate

ways to increase empowerment

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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• Understand why some leaders are reluctant to delegate and why employees may not welcome delegation• Know how to face adaptive challenges• Indicate ways to achieve effective delegation

and discuss the roles of various parties in achieving effective delegation• Recognize the benefits of delegation

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

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• Distributing and entrusting activities and related authority to other people • Aspects• Granting authority• Assigning duties and responsibilities• Job descriptions• Requiring accountability

• Decentralization - Extent to which authority is delegated from one level or unit of the organization to another

DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY

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• Required for an organization to function• Comes with the position • Result from delegation by a higher-level

manager• Sources• Formal theory of authority: Exists because

someone was granted it• Acceptance theory of authority: Originates

when it has been accepted by the group or individual over whom it is being exercised

ROLE OF AUTHORITY

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• Ability to influence individuals, groups, events, and decisions• Closely related to leadership• Types• Reward power - Arises from the number of

positive rewards controlled by the leader• Coercive power - Results from people’s

perceived expectation of punishment when they do not comply with the leader’s orders

POWER

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POWER

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• Ability to influence individuals, groups, events, and decisions• Best way to expand power is to share it• Highly required by effective leaders • Directed toward benefit of the organization

• Power-motivated leaders make their subordinates feel stronger

POWER

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EXHIBIT 5.1 - AUTHORITY-POWER COMBINATION

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• Granting employees authority to make key decisions within their enlarged areas of responsibility• Embraces the idea that individuals closest to

the work and to customers should make the decisions• Choosing the right people is key to operating

and sustaining a culture of empowerment

EMPOWERMENT

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• Perception that by delegating they surrender some of their power and authority• Lack of trust in others• Feel insecure• Recognize that subordinates need more

training, coaching, and experience

WHY LEADERS FAIL TO DELEGATE

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WHY EMPLOYEES MAY NOT WELCOME DELEGATION

Unclear duties and responsibilities

Fear of failure

Increased stress

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• Reframing: Examining the situation from multiple vantage points to develop a holistic picture• Helps organizations and individuals to:• Change values and behaviors • Identify new approaches and strategies

• Leadership training and development • Coaching and training - Help achieving

successful delegation, empowerment, and results

FACING ADAPTIVE CHALLENGES

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EXHIBIT 5.3 - THE EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING MODEL

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BENEFITS OF DELEGATION

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• Experiential learning• Formal theory of

authority• Job descriptions• Power• Reframing• Responsibility

IMPORTANT TERMS

• Accountability• Acceptance theory of

authority• Authority• Delegation of

authority• Empowerment