MORSE CODE

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MEMBERS Vaishali

Upadhyay Vikas Prasad Tanish Garg Anurag

Aggarwal Tushar Swami

OUTLINE What is Morse Code? History Invention International Morse Code Transmitting Morse Code Tap Code (a new replacement) Advantages and Disadvantages Uses – then and now…

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our teacher Dr. Chhavi Bhatnagar who gave us the golden opportunity to present this wonderful presentation on the topic ( MORSE CODE ), which also helped us in doing a lot of Research and we came to know about new things. We are really

thankful to her.

WHAT IS MORSE CODE???

INTRODUCTION Morse code - a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones and lights or clicks

recipient can understand the message without additional decoding equipment.

Dits /Dahs provides the code.Samuel Morse

1797-1872Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code

INTRODUCTION Dits refers to dots and dahs refer to dash.

slow but reliable means of transmitting and receiving text through condition involving noise fading or interference.

simple binary code (key up/ key down)allows for an extremely narrow bandwidth

maximum speed to transmit and receive information is 20-30 WPM.

Joseph Henry1797-1878

Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code

HISTORY Samuel Morse got idea of inventing a secret code language in 1800s when he worked with an electrical telegraph system. in 1836 - Samuel Morse, Joseph Henry and Alfred Vail developed an electrical telegraph system. Morse planned to transmit only numerals at first. after that , Alfred Vail included letters and special characters.

Alfred Vail1807-1859

Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code

HOW MORSE CODE EVOLVED??? once, Samuel Morse went to a printers shop and counted the amount of printer type the alphabet. he then interpreted these counts as approximations of the relative frequency of each letter in typical English text. he organized the Morse code so that the shortest symbols were associated with the most frequent character.

Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code http://www.codeproject.com/Tips/565652/Introduction-to-Morse-Code

‘E’ is the most commonly used letter so its Morse code is just a single dot.The letter ‘I’ has two dots.The letter ‘T’ has a single dash.

International Morse Codes

MORSE CODE TRANSMISSION

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Morse code can be transmitted(sent) through a number of ways

Electrical Telegraph Wire

Light

SoundThe transmission has mainly three sections:a transmitter, a receiver and channel.

TIMINGGenerally speaking, morse code consists of five elements1. a dot (one unit)2. a dash (three units)3. an inter-element gap (one unit)4. a gap between letters (three units) 5. the gap between words (7 units)

'MESSAGE TO'

Sources : http://cryptomuseum.com/radio/morse/ https://www.mtechnologies.com/ameco/keys.htm

Transmission through Electrical telegraph wire The transmitting operator used a Morse key (switch) to turn the electric current on and off in the rhythm of the morse codes.

Sources : http://cryptomuseum.com/radio/morse/ http://www.vk5sw.com/Beginner's%20Morse%20Code.htm

These electric signals are transmitted through telegraph wires. At the receiving end, the electric current engaged an electro-magnet, that would 'click' in the rhythm of the morse signals. The operator present at the receiving station recognize the 'clicks' of the electro-magnet and decodes the message.

Sources : http://cryptomuseum.com/radio/morse/

MESSAGE TRANSMISSION THROUGH LIGHT OR SOUNDVia Light procedure same as transmitting signal normally. long flash – dash short flash – dot

For demonstration let us try transmitting message “SOS”

Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_lamp

Via Audio message transmitted in form of beeps. just need to focus on your length of beeps. long beep – dash short beep – dot

Morse Code was used in light and audio format mostly by US NAVY and Submarines to communicate with each other.Still, some of them employ such methods to send secret messages.

Sources : http://blinking-light-training.software.informer.com/

TAP CODE

TAP CODE 1 2 3 4 5

1 A B C/K D E

2 F G H I J

3 L M N O P

4 Q R S T U

5 V W X Y Z

Used by American prisoners.

Can be sent and received just like Morse code.

Based on 5*5 grid of letters.

C and K share same code.

Sources : http://www.braingle.in/brainteasers/codes/tapcode.php

TAP CODE1 2 3 4 5

1 A B C/K D E

2 F G H I J

3 L M N O P

4 Q R S T U

5 V W X Y Z

E = ●─●●●●●M= ●●●─●●T= ●●●●─●●●●

Sources : http://metalgear.wikia.com/wiki/Tap_code

Now, Tap code have started being more popular than Morse Code because of its simplicity.

CHANGES MADE IN MORSE CODE

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AMERICAN & CONTINENTAL MORSE CODE

with use, some characters in codes we changed by various users in various countries.  in 1848, Germany eliminated the long spaces and long dashes. The new standard also changed the code for the numerical characters. modified version of the Morse code was accepted in 1865 throughout Europe. became known as Continental Morse. later, it became known as International Morse. The original version of Morse code became known as American Morse.

 Sources : http://jhbunnell.com/morsecode.shtml http://www.vk5sw.com/Beginner's%20Morse%20Code.htm

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MORSE AND THE CONTINENTAL CODES

Morse                Continental Morse                Continental

C . .   .               C  _ . _ . 1 . _ _ .               1 . _ _ _ _ F . _ .                 F  . . _ . 2 . . _ . .             2 . . _ _ _ J _ . _ .               J  . _ _ _ 3 . . . _ .             3 . . . _ _ L ___[long dash]        L  . _ . . 5 _ _ _                 5 . . . . . O .   .                 O  _ _ _ 6 . . . . . .           6 _ . . . . P . . . . .             P  . _ _ . 7 _ _ . .               7 _ _ . . . Q . . _ .               Q  _ _ . _ 8 _ . . . .             8 _ _ _ . . R .     . .             R  . _ . 9 _ . . _               9 _ _ _ _ . X . _ . .               X  _ . . _ 0 _______               0 _ _ _ _ _ Y . .   . .             Y  _ . _ _ Z . . .   .             Z  _ _ . .

 

Sources : http://jhbunnell.com/morsecode.shtml http://www.vk5sw.com/Beginner's%20Morse%20Code.htm

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MORSE CODE

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1. Simple to use.2. Can be used by someone with disability too.3. No power required for transmission.4. Narrow Bandwidth required.5. Easier to filter out background noise

1. Cannot be transmitted or received by any person.2. Maximum speed (20 WPM)3. Not an up-to-date technology.

ADVA

NTA

GES

DISAD

VANTAG

ES

Sources : http://getrevising.co.uk/grids/morse_code http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_some_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_using_Morse

MORSE CODE APPLICATIONS

EARLY RADIO COMMUNICATION in 1890s, Morse Code used for radio communication. in 19th and 20th century, used for long distance communication.

WORLD WAR II Radio Telegraphy using Morse Code – a vital part. Message exchange between Warships & Bases.

Sources : http://askville.amazon.com/field-Morse-Code-nowadays-obsolete/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=8035972

HAM RADIO also called “Amateur Radio”.  uses radio frequency spectra for non-commercial exchange of messages. originated in 19th century. but got advanced in late 20th century (one we use today). the term "amateur“ - describes duly personal use. - without pecuniary interest. - different from commercial broadcasting or for public safety.

Sources : http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/ham-radio2.htm

operates on a variety of frequencies. non-hams can "listen in" via their own receivers or radio scanners. operate from just above the AM broadcast band to the microwave region, in the gigahertz range. right now, 89 amateur radio stations allotted in US

approximately 675,000 amateur radio operators in the US, and more than 2.5 million around the world.

Sources : http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/ham-radio8.htm

WHAT TO DO, IF YOU WANT TO BE ONE

STEP ONE : buy a short-wave receiver capable of receiving single sideband (SSB).

STEP TWO : talk to ARRL, they’ll grant you a “license”.

STEP THREE : you will hear local ham operators using repeaters in the frequency range of 144 to 148 MHz.

Sources : http://www.hamradio-friedrichshafen.de/ham-en/information/facts.php

MORSE CODE TRANSLATOR (ANDROID APP)

MORSE-IT (iOS APP)

MORSE CODE (WINDOWS APP)

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