molecular mechanism of inhibition of streptococcus species by phytochemical

Faculty of Agriculture

Soheila Abachi1

Molecular mechanism of inhibition of Streptococcus species by phytochemicals

Morin

For more information see my article;http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/2/215


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Outline Streptococcus spp. importance Mechanisms of pathogenicityThreat preventionPhytochemical’s anti-Streptococcal attributes by categoryConclusion Prospects


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Importance Original microfloraRange of diseases None life threateningDental caries and pharyngitisFlesh eating disease, toxic-shock syndrome


Streptococcus species

S.pyogenes

S. mutansS. pneumoniae

S. agalactiae

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S.pyogenes Pharyngitis $224-$539 million/yr

S. mutans Dental caries $108 billion/yr

S. pneumoniae Pneumonia $96 million/yr

Why they are important?


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How pathogens cause disease?

1)Adherence to tissue surface

2)Colonization & development of complex communities e.g. biofilm

* 65% of human bacterial infections involve biofilms

3)Cell to cell communication within these communities (quorum

sensing)

4) Invasion of host tissues


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Electron microscopyS. Pneumoniae Diameter 5–6 nm Length 2–3 μm Filaments per cell 2–3

1 μm = 0.001 mm

Courtesy of quizlet.com

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=b_6SsNY0_L_WxM&tbnid=CnFk-MGhCJumsM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http://quizlet.com/21731985/bmsc-301-medical-microbiology-flash-cards/&ei=RiBNU6naFMiQ2AXRi4HgAw&psig=AFQjCNEMuK3q3PL3rjDW49FCQio860B2dg&ust=1397649840707945


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S. pneumoniae 25 μm

P. Dirckx, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman www. wemt.snu.ac.kr

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=AwgZpH7nQ98mlM&tbnid=GLzma_QgLoslfM:&ved=0CAQQjB0&url=http://wemt.snu.ac.kr/Research%20area/What%20is%20quorum%20sensing.htm&ei=2R9NU4AL59fZBe_mgdAO&psig=AFQjCNGj0lOsf4eXkTbZtkwTIykjjB-y2g&ust=1397649716364315



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Specific language Common language Creation of new languageMultilingual bacteria

P. Dirckx, Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman www. wemt.snu.ac.kr




10Courtesy of Prof. Dr. Rohde, HZI Braunschweig www.helmholtz-hzi.de/enwww.nihon-u.ac.jp

http://www.helmholtz-hzi.de/en

http://www.nihon-u.ac.jp/


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Strain First-line treatment Antibiotic resistant group A Streptococcus (GAS)group B Streptococcus (GBS)

Penicillin Amoxicillin Ampicillin Azithromycin Clarithromycin Clindamycin

TetracyclineVancomycin ErythromycinAzithromycin ClarithromycinClindamycinVancomycin

S. pneumoniae Penicillin GAmoxicillin AmpicillinVancomycin Cephalosporin

Penicillin ErythromycinTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Chloramphenicol Tetracycline Cephalosporins Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime

Modern Treatment


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Antibiotic Resistance

http://bioamin.wordpress.com/


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British Columbia


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Handling the infections less effective low survival rate long-term disability Immuno-compromised

Demand for the discovery of natural compounds with diverse chemical

structures and mechanisms of action

Threat

DANGER


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Medicinal plants such as Trollius chinensis (globeflower)Cydonia oblonga (quince) Malvaceae althea (marshmallow)

Traditional medicines to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis


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What are phytochemicals?Non-nutritive plant chemicals with protective or disease

preventive properties Protection of plant against biotic & abiotic factors Protect humans against diseases109 new antibacterial drugs were approved 1981–200669% originated from natural products


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AdherenceHydophobicityBiofilmBinding

Phytochemical based antibacterial’s target site / process

ATPaseQSAggregation Glycolytic pH dropGlucosyltransferases


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ATP synthase

See articles; The role of the betaDELSEED motif of F1-ATPase: propagation of the inhibitory effect of the epsilon subunit.The role of subunit epsilon in the catalysis and regulation of FOF1-ATP synthase


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ConclusionNatural antimicrobials Bactericidal effects not necessary for suppression of processesA compound can be efficient bacterial growth inhibitor if Deteriorate cytoplasmic pH & membrane Increase permeability of plasma membranePrevent extra/intracellular microbial enzyme productionInterrupt bacterial metabolic pathwaysDisrupt plaque and biofilm formation


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High MW & complex phytochemicals exert greater inhibitory

Pentamer PP fraction of cocoa

High MW non- dialyzable material of cranberry

F2 or F3 of crowberry and bilberry > 10 kDa 70% Glycolytic pH-

Drop Inhibition


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Oleanolic acid

100% Adherence Inhibition

85% F-ATPase Activity Inhibition,

A-type proanthocyanidins


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Solution to global concern

Prospects Extensive research on potential plants & compounds Elucidation of mode of actionIncorporation of potent bioactives into NHP

molecular mechanism of inhibition of streptococcus species by phytochemical

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