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Mohammad Ziaul Alam, MSS, MBA, B.ed; Teacher: Economics, Business Studies, Bangladesh Studies Cell: 01712524004, 01972524004; Mail: [email protected], [email protected]

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Topic 3: Natural Resources

2006

2 (a) Explain what is meant by these terms: (i) natural resources (ii) sustainable development. [4] (b) Study Fig. 2, which shows the distribution of forests in Bangladesh.

(i) Describe the distribution of the Sundarbans. [3] (ii) Describe the characteristics of the Sundarbans. [3] (c) Explain the importance of the forests to the people of Bangladesh. [6] (d) In 1981, 17.5 % of Bangladesh was forested but this had decreased to 13.5 % in 1996. (2001 Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh) (i) Why are the forested areas decreasing? [4] (ii) Choose some measures taken to slow down the decrease in forested land. Discuss how effective you think they have been. [5]


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2007

4. (c) Study Fig. 8, which shows the natural gas fields of Bangladesh.

(i) Describe the distribution of the natural gas fields. [3] (ii) Why is natural gas important to Bangladesh’s development? [4] (iii) What are the problems of extracting gas from the off-shore fields in the Bay of Bengal?[3] 2008 2 (a) Study Fig. 3, a map of Bangladesh’s forests.


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(i) Describe the distribution of forests shown on the map. [3] (ii) Describe two types of forest in Bangladesh. [4] (iii) State where each type can be found in the country. [2] (iv) Describe four uses of the forests. [2] (b) Study Fig. 4, which shows how biomass can be used to produce gas.

(i) Explain what is meant by the term ‘biomass’. [2]


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(ii) Name two types of biomass found in Bangladesh other than dung. [2] (iii) Using Fig. 4, explain how a biomass digester works. [4] (c) Consider these two opinions about the use of biomass digesters in Bangladesh: A. The widespread use of digesters could play a big role in helping to solve Bangladesh’s energy problems. B. Digesters are useful but they are not the answers to Bangladesh’s energy problems. (i) State two pieces of evidence which support opinion A. [2] (ii) State two pieces of evidence which support opinion B. [2] (iii) Which of the two opinions do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. [2] 2010 1.a.(vi) Why is the area marked D very good for fish? [3]

(b) Study Fig.1, which shows the number of boats used for fishing in Bangladesh.

fig. 1 (i) Describe the changes in the number and types of boats used for fishing. [2] (ii) Describe two methods of fishing in

Bangladesh. [2] (c) What is meant by the term ‘aquaculture’? [1] (d) Study the following statement: ‘Developing aquaculture inland is the best way to increase fish production in a sustainable way.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports this statement. [1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which does not support the statement. [1] (iii) Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer. [4] 3 (a) Study Fig. 4, which shows the percentage of land covered by forest in some south Asian countries.

Type of boat 1975 1995

Mechanised boats 200 10000

Non-mechanised boats 46000 14000


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(i) Which country was least forested in 2005? [1] (ii) Which country had the biggest decrease between 1990 and 2005? [1] (iii) Which countries increased their percentage of forested land between 1990 and 2005?[2] (b) Study Fig. 5, which shows changes to the area covered by forest in Bangladesh between 1990 and 2005.

Fig. 5 (i) How many hectares of forest were lost between 2000 and 2005? [1] (ii) Explain why Bangladesh is losing its forests. [4]

(iii) Describe the problems that can be caused by deforestation. [5] c. st udy photograph B

(i) Name and describe the type of forest shown in the photograph. [2] (ii) Where in Bangladesh can this type of forest be found? [1] (iii) State two possible threats to this type of forest. [2] (d) Study the two statements below: A. ‘It is essential that Bangladesh manages its forests to prevent further reduction in the area covered.’ B. ‘Bangladesh must use all of its land, including the forests.’

1990 2000 2005

Area of forest (000s hectares)

882 884 871


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(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A. [1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B. [1] (iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. [4] 4 (a) Study Fig. 6, which shows gas fields and gas pipelines.

(i) Describe the distribution of the gas fields. [3] (ii) Suggest reasons for the distribution of the natural gas pipelines. [3] (iii) Describe three uses of natural gas in Bangladesh. [3] (b) Study Fig. 7, which shows production of natural gas in Bangladesh.


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(i) Describe how the production of natural gas changed from 1980 to 2004. [2] (ii) Suggest two reasons for the changes in production. [2] (iii) It is estimated that Bangladesh has reserves of 25 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. Describe two problems which could develop if production keeps on rising. [2] (c) There are 3 state owned Petrobangla companies and 2 multinational companies involved in the production of natural gas. Describe the advantages for Bangladesh of each type of company. [4] (d) Study the two statements below: A. ‘Bangladesh should increase its production of natural gas so some can be exported.’ B. ‘Bangladesh should strictly limit the amount of gas produced each year.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A. [1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B. [1] (iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. [4] 2013 3 (a) (i) Aquaculture is also known as the Blue Revolution. What is aquaculture? [2] (ii) Study Fig. 5, a graph of aquaculture production in Bangladesh.


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Using Fig. 5, describe the general trends in aquaculture production in Bangladesh. [4] (iii) Why is aquaculture important to the people of Bangladesh? [3] (b) (i) What is meant by ‘sustainable development’? [2] (ii) Explain how the sustainable development of natural resources, such as forests, can be achieved. [3] (c) (i) Study Fig. 6, which shows coal production in Bangladesh.


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Using Fig. 6, describe the changes in coal production between 2002 and 2009. [4] (ii) How can the use of coal help to reduce deforestation? [2] (d) There were many differing opinions when it was proposed to open a new coal mine at Phulbari. Below are two different views.

(i) Give one piece of evidence in support of the farmer. [1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence in support of the government official. [1] (iii) Which opinion do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. [3]

2014

1. (e) Study the two statements below. A ‘Hydro-electric power could greatly improve Bangladesh’s electricity supply.’ B ‘The scope for increasing the generation of hydro-electric power is very limited in Bangladesh.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A. [1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B. [1] (iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. [3] 2 (a) Study Fig. 4, a pie chart which shows the percentage of fish caught in different types of areas. Complete the pie chart for the inland fisheries where aquaculture is practised using the figures below: ponds and baors: 35% ; shrimp farms: 5%

(b) (i) Describe two differences between marine and inland fishing. [2] (ii) Describe methods of inland fishing. [4] (iii) Why has it been difficult to increase the amount of fish caught in the marine fishing industry? [3] (c) Study Fig. 5 which shows the distribution of forests in Bangladesh.


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Describe the distribution of the three types of forests. [3] (d) (i) Study Photograph A (Insert) which shows a mangrove forest in Bangladesh. Describe the trees shown in Photograph A. [3] (ii) Explain why it is important to conserve the mangrove forests. [3] (e) Study the two statements below. A ‘Deforestation is unavoidable with the increasing population of Bangladesh.’ B ‘It is necessary to maintain the forests of Bangladesh to prevent environmental problems.’ (i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A. [1] (ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B. [1] (iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer. [3] 2015 2 (a) Study Fig. 3, which shows oil production and consumption from 1987 to 2011 in Bangladesh.


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Describe the main changes in oil production and consumption shown in Fig. 3.[3] (b) Two oil fields have been discovered in the north-east of Bangladesh with reserves of 137 million barrels. (i) Name two products that can be made from oil.[2] (ii) Why is the discovery of new oil fields important to Bangladesh?[2] (iii) Why will foreign consultants be needed by the company drilling for oil?[1] (c) (i) Name two types of biomass and state how they are used.[4] (ii) What are the advantages of biomass?[3]

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