MODS • What is MODS:

o Stands for Metadata Object Descriptive Schemao MODS is an XML descriptive metadata standard.

Uses the XML schema language of the W3Co MODS was derived from MARC (which is another standard

for representation of bibliographic information) More specifically, MODS uses a subset of MARC data elements

• When is MODS use:o MODS will be used for descriptive metadata, in other

words, MODS will be help to identify resources such as a bibliographic data.

o Extension schema to METS

• What is MODS:o Stands for Metadata Object Descriptive Schemao MODS is an XML descriptive metadata standard.

Uses the XML schema language of the W3Co MODS was derived from MARC (which is another standard

for representation of bibliographic information) More specifically, MODS uses a subset of MARC data elements

• When is MODS use:o MODS will be used for descriptive metadata, in other

words, MODS will be help to identify resources such as a bibliographic data.

o Extension schema to METS

MODS Schema Attributes

• Language Attributeso xml:lang – is an XML standard attribute that defines

the language individual elements may use• Date Attributes

o encoding: refers to the values that identify the format of the dates, for instance, “w3cdtf” refers to dates that use the pattern: YYYY-MM-DD, as defined by the W3C.

• Repeatable: refers to whether or not the elements can be used more than one time to describe information about a rendition.

• Language Attributeso xml:lang – is an XML standard attribute that defines

the language individual elements may use• Date Attributes

o encoding: refers to the values that identify the format of the dates, for instance, “w3cdtf” refers to dates that use the pattern: YYYY-MM-DD, as defined by the W3C.

• Repeatable: refers to whether or not the elements can be used more than one time to describe information about a rendition.

MODS Top-Level Elements

• Top-level elementso Top-level elements in MODS, are element names

without a hierarchy, meaning that these may or may not have sub-elements but are not sub-elements of any other element. Sub-elements refers to elements that fall under a top-

level elementso The only exception where all MODS elements are

sub-elements is under <relatedItem> container, this will be explained later with an couples of examples.

• Top-level elementso Top-level elements in MODS, are element names

without a hierarchy, meaning that these may or may not have sub-elements but are not sub-elements of any other element. Sub-elements refers to elements that fall under a top-

level elementso The only exception where all MODS elements are

sub-elements is under <relatedItem> container, this will be explained later with an couples of examples.

MODS Top-Level Elements

• title Info• name• typeOfResource• genre• originInfo• language• physicalDescription• abstract• tableOfContents• targetAudience

• title Info• name• typeOfResource• genre• originInfo• language• physicalDescription• abstract• tableOfContents• targetAudience

• note• subject• classification• relatedItem• identifier• location• accessCondition• part• extension• recordInfo

• note• subject• classification• relatedItem• identifier• location• accessCondition• part• extension• recordInfo

MODS Required Elements

• Required elements are items that are must be provided according to implementation guidelines for MODS encoding practices.

• Based on this, my understanding is that these elements are essential in order to assemble the archive

• Required elements are items that are must be provided according to implementation guidelines for MODS encoding practices.

• Based on this, my understanding is that these elements are essential in order to assemble the archive

MODS Required Elements

• titleInfo• typeOfResource• originInfo• physicalDescription• location• accessCondition• recordInfo

• titleInfo• typeOfResource• originInfo• physicalDescription• location• accessCondition• recordInfo

• language (required if language is primary to the resource)

• subject (required if applicable)

• language (required if language is primary to the resource)

• subject (required if applicable)

MODS Required Elements Example 1• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• titleInfo

o Information such as the title of the resource. o The attribute type indicates the resource type of title. For example, “alternative” refers

to a different title that further identifies the resource.o For example:

<titleInfo><title>To increase Federal Pell Grants for the children of fallen public safety officers, and for other purposes.</title>

</titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative">

<title>Officer Daniel Faulkner Children of Fallen Heroes Scholarship Act of 2010</title> </titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative">

<title>S. 3880 (IS)</title> </titleInfo>

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• titleInfo

o Information such as the title of the resource. o The attribute type indicates the resource type of title. For example, “alternative” refers

to a different title that further identifies the resource.o For example:

<titleInfo><title>To increase Federal Pell Grants for the children of fallen public safety officers, and for other purposes.</title>

</titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative">

<title>Officer Daniel Faulkner Children of Fallen Heroes Scholarship Act of 2010</title> </titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative">

<title>S. 3880 (IS)</title> </titleInfo>

MODS Required Elements Example 2

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• originInfo

o Information that pertains to the origin of the resource such as publisher, date published, how the resource was issued for instance, “monographic “means that it was released in one part or a finite number of parts.

o For example:

<originInfo><publisher>U.S. Government Printing Office</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-09-29</dateIssued><issuance>monographic</issuance>

</originInfo>

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• originInfo

o Information that pertains to the origin of the resource such as publisher, date published, how the resource was issued for instance, “monographic “means that it was released in one part or a finite number of parts.

o For example:

<originInfo><publisher>U.S. Government Printing Office</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-09-29</dateIssued><issuance>monographic</issuance>

</originInfo>

MODS Required Elements Example 3

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• physicalDescription

o describes the physical attributes of the resource such as general text based information about the resource (for example “type” is an attribute that gives more detail to the general text)

o describes the method use to achieve digital form of the resource (for example “born digital” indicates that this particular archive was created and must remain in digital form)

o describes the number of units that make up the resourceo It is not repeatable

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• physicalDescription

o describes the physical attributes of the resource such as general text based information about the resource (for example “type” is an attribute that gives more detail to the general text)

o describes the method use to achieve digital form of the resource (for example “born digital” indicates that this particular archive was created and must remain in digital form)

o describes the number of units that make up the resourceo It is not repeatable

MODS Required Elements Example 3 continue

o For example

<physicalDescription><note type="source content type">deposited</note> <digitalOrigin>born digital</digitalOrigin><extent>7 p.</extent>

</physicalDescription>

o For example

<physicalDescription><note type="source content type">deposited</note> <digitalOrigin>born digital</digitalOrigin><extent>7 p.</extent>

</physicalDescription>

MODS Required Elements Example 4

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• location

o Identifies the repository holding the resourceo displayLabel is an attribute the provides information associated with the locationo access is an attribute that indicates the type resource that will be accessed via the URL link,

for instance, the value “raw object” means that the URL is a direct link to the resource.o For example:

<location xmlns:exslt="http://exslt.org/common"><url displayLabel="HTML rendition" access="raw object">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s3880is/html/BILLS-111s3880is.htm</url> <url displayLabel="PDF rendition" access="raw object">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s3880is/pdf/BILLS-111s3880is.pdf</url> <url displayLabel="XML rendition" access="raw object">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s3880is/xml/BILLS-111s3880is.xml</url>

</location>

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• location

o Identifies the repository holding the resourceo displayLabel is an attribute the provides information associated with the locationo access is an attribute that indicates the type resource that will be accessed via the URL link,

for instance, the value “raw object” means that the URL is a direct link to the resource.o For example:

<location xmlns:exslt="http://exslt.org/common"><url displayLabel="HTML rendition" access="raw object">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s3880is/html/BILLS-111s3880is.htm</url> <url displayLabel="PDF rendition" access="raw object">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s3880is/pdf/BILLS-111s3880is.pdf</url> <url displayLabel="XML rendition" access="raw object">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111s3880is/xml/BILLS-111s3880is.xml</url>

</location>

MODS Required Elements Example 5

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• recordInfo

o Provides information about the metadata of the original record such as who created it or modified it, date it was created (encoding – denotes the format of the date)

o Provides information about the date it was last modified, contains the organization and the system control number assigned to it, shows the origin of the MODS record, and the language (can be used to represent more than one language)

o It is not repeatable.

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• recordInfo

o Provides information about the metadata of the original record such as who created it or modified it, date it was created (encoding – denotes the format of the date)

o Provides information about the date it was last modified, contains the organization and the system control number assigned to it, shows the origin of the MODS record, and the language (can be used to represent more than one language)

o It is not repeatable.

MODS Required Elements Example 5 continue

o For example

<recordInfo> <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">DGPO</recordContentSource><recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010-10-06</recordCreationDate> <recordChangeDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010-10-06</recordChangeDate

<recordIdentifier source="DGPO">BILLS-111s3880is</recordIdentifier><recordOrigin>machine generated</recordOrigin> <languageOfCataloging> <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm> </languageOfCataloging>

</recordInfo>

type attribute “identifies what type of <languageTerm> is recorded”, for example, “the value used to express language” in a coded term is code, meaning that it uses values from a controlled list

authority attribute, refers to a value taken from a controlled list, for example “iso639-2b” refers to a bibliographic language code from ISO 639-2

In <recordContentSource>, the value “marcorg” given to authority attribute indicates that the value from of a MARC Code list. If the authority attribute is not used, the value is presumed to be textual.

o For example

<recordInfo> <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">DGPO</recordContentSource><recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010-10-06</recordCreationDate> <recordChangeDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010-10-06</recordChangeDate

<recordIdentifier source="DGPO">BILLS-111s3880is</recordIdentifier><recordOrigin>machine generated</recordOrigin> <languageOfCataloging> <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm> </languageOfCataloging>

</recordInfo>

type attribute “identifies what type of <languageTerm> is recorded”, for example, “the value used to express language” in a coded term is code, meaning that it uses values from a controlled list

authority attribute, refers to a value taken from a controlled list, for example “iso639-2b” refers to a bibliographic language code from ISO 639-2

In <recordContentSource>, the value “marcorg” given to authority attribute indicates that the value from of a MARC Code list. If the authority attribute is not used, the value is presumed to be textual.

MODS Required Elements– Without Example

• accessCondition - <accessCondition>o Information pertaining to the permission of accessibility

of the resource• Subject - <subject>

o Information detailing the specific topic of the resource• typeOfResource - <typeOfResource>

o Information describing the form of the resource content

• accessCondition - <accessCondition>o Information pertaining to the permission of accessibility

of the resource• Subject - <subject>

o Information detailing the specific topic of the resource• typeOfResource - <typeOfResource>

o Information describing the form of the resource content

MODS Recommended Elements

• Recommended elements are items that the implementer may ignore as long he or she have taken into account the consequences of doing so

• The recommended elements are:o genreo abstract – <abstract>

“A summary of the content of the resource” o identifier

• Recommended elements are items that the implementer may ignore as long he or she have taken into account the consequences of doing so

• The recommended elements are:o genreo abstract – <abstract>

“A summary of the content of the resource” o identifier

MODS Recommended Elements Example 1

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• genre

o Gives more specific terms to the form of the resource content used in typeOfResource

o Again, an interesting attribute of genre is “authority”, which refers to the controlled list from which the value is taken, in the case below the value “marcgt” refers to MARC (another standard for representation of bibliographic information) genre terms

o For example:<genre authority=“marcgt">government publication</genre>

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• genre

o Gives more specific terms to the form of the resource content used in typeOfResource

o Again, an interesting attribute of genre is “authority”, which refers to the controlled list from which the value is taken, in the case below the value “marcgt” refers to MARC (another standard for representation of bibliographic information) genre terms

o For example:<genre authority=“marcgt">government publication</genre>

MODS Recommended Elements Example 2

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• identifier

o refers to a unique standard number or code that identifies a resource

o type is attribute of identifier refers to the identifier being used, in this case "local" refers to a locally define identifier

o For example:<identifier type="local">V0b002ee180b003e5</identifier>

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• identifier

o refers to a unique standard number or code that identifies a resource

o type is attribute of identifier refers to the identifier being used, in this case "local" refers to a locally define identifier

o For example:<identifier type="local">V0b002ee180b003e5</identifier>

MODS Recommended If Applicable

• Recommended If Applicable refers to an item that can be applied to the resource, again the implementer may ignore as long he or she have taken into account the consequences of doing so

• Recommended If Applicable refers to an item that can be applied to the resource, again the implementer may ignore as long he or she have taken into account the consequences of doing so

MODS Recommended IF Applicable

• name• tableOfContents• targetAudience• note• relatedItem• part

• name• tableOfContents• targetAudience• note• relatedItem• part

MODS Recommended IF Applicable Example 1

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• name

o Provides information such as the name of the resource within the <namePart> tags; the type attribute indicates whether the name value is personal, corporate, conference or family

o <role> defines the relationship of the name to the resource; the value “authority” refers to code of authoritative sources, in this case “marcrelator” refers to the MARC relators list

o For example:<name type="corporate">

<namePart>United States Government Printing Office</namePart> <role>

<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">printer</roleTerm> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">prt</roleTerm> </role>

<role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">distributor</roleTerm> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">dst</roleTerm> </role></name>

• Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:• name

o Provides information such as the name of the resource within the <namePart> tags; the type attribute indicates whether the name value is personal, corporate, conference or family

o <role> defines the relationship of the name to the resource; the value “authority” refers to code of authoritative sources, in this case “marcrelator” refers to the MARC relators list

o For example:<name type="corporate">

<namePart>United States Government Printing Office</namePart> <role>

<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">printer</roleTerm> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">prt</roleTerm> </role>

<role> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">distributor</roleTerm> <roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="code">dst</roleTerm> </role></name>

MODS Recommended IF Applicable Example 2

• Earlier, I mentioned that there was an exception where all MODS elements are sub-elements of <relatedItem>

• relatedItemo May be best used for complex objects that may need

more detail descriptive information, for example a CD with several tracks

o the type attribute describes the association between the resource in the MODS record and <relatedItem>, for example “isReferencedBy” are references or citations of the content of the resource

• Earlier, I mentioned that there was an exception where all MODS elements are sub-elements of <relatedItem>

• relatedItemo May be best used for complex objects that may need

more detail descriptive information, for example a CD with several tracks

o the type attribute describes the association between the resource in the MODS record and <relatedItem>, for example “isReferencedBy” are references or citations of the content of the resource

MODS Recommended IF Applicable Example 2 continue…

o For example (Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us):

<relatedItem type="isReferencedBy" xmlns:exslt="http://exslt.org/common"><identifier type="USC citation">20 U.S.C. 1070a(b)(2)</identifier>

<identifier type="USC citation">20 U.S.C. 1087mm(b)</identifier> </relatedItem>

o For example (Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us):

<relatedItem type="isReferencedBy" xmlns:exslt="http://exslt.org/common"><identifier type="USC citation">20 U.S.C. 1070a(b)(2)</identifier>

<identifier type="USC citation">20 U.S.C. 1087mm(b)</identifier> </relatedItem>

MODS Recommended IF Applicable – Without Examples

• tableOfContents - <tableOfContents>o Information describing the content of the resource

• targetAudience - <targetAudience>o Information describing who should read the resource

• part - <part>o Information that identifies physical part of a resource.

• tableOfContents - <tableOfContents>o Information describing the content of the resource

• targetAudience - <targetAudience>o Information describing who should read the resource

• part - <part>o Information that identifies physical part of a resource.

MODS Optional Elements

• Optional elements are items that may be used at the implementer’s discretion

• <extension> o is a container used to include information that is

not MODSo For example, information that is local to the

creator of the datao Another example, is to extend MODS to allow

another XML schema to handle information about the resource

• Optional elements are items that may be used at the implementer’s discretion

• <extension> o is a container used to include information that is

not MODSo For example, information that is local to the

creator of the datao Another example, is to extend MODS to allow

another XML schema to handle information about the resource

MODS Optional Element Example 1

o Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:<extension>

<collectionCode>BILLS</collectionCode> <searchTitle>To increase Federal Pell…. searchTitle>

<category>Bills and Statutes</category><waisDatabaseName>111_cong_bills</waisDatabaseName> <branch>legislative</branch> <dateIngested>2010-10-06</dateIngested>

</extension>

o Taken from the mods.xml that Kate send to us:<extension>

<collectionCode>BILLS</collectionCode> <searchTitle>To increase Federal Pell…. searchTitle>

<category>Bills and Statutes</category><waisDatabaseName>111_cong_bills</waisDatabaseName> <branch>legislative</branch> <dateIngested>2010-10-06</dateIngested>

</extension>

MODS Optional Element Example 2

• <classification> o a code that identifies to the subject of the resourceo the authority attribute is required, because it

identifies such code. For instance, “sudocs” refers to Superintendent of Documents classification system.

o For example:<classification authority="sudocs">Y 1.6:</classification>

• <classification> o a code that identifies to the subject of the resourceo the authority attribute is required, because it

identifies such code. For instance, “sudocs” refers to Superintendent of Documents classification system.

o For example:<classification authority="sudocs">Y 1.6:</classification>

mods.xml Header• xmlns:xlink – indicates that the namespace gets access to the Xlink attributes and features• xmlns – refers to a namespace, which is a unique value (Note: the xml parser does not use the

namespace URI to look up information)• version – refers to the MODS version• xsi:schemaLocation – the first value refers to the namespace that will be used and the second value

refers to the location of the schema that will be used, in this case it is the MODS XML schema.• ID – refers to the object identifier that will be used to refer to this xml file inside mets.xml• Example: <mods xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" version="3.3“xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-

3-3.xsd"ID="D09002ee180b004da">

• xmlns:xlink – indicates that the namespace gets access to the Xlink attributes and features• xmlns – refers to a namespace, which is a unique value (Note: the xml parser does not use the

namespace URI to look up information)• version – refers to the MODS version• xsi:schemaLocation – the first value refers to the namespace that will be used and the second value

refers to the location of the schema that will be used, in this case it is the MODS XML schema.• ID – refers to the object identifier that will be used to refer to this xml file inside mets.xml• Example: <mods xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" version="3.3“xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-

3-3.xsd"ID="D09002ee180b004da">

Additional Information On Using mods.xml

• When will mods.xml be used by METS (aip.xml) ?o METS will use the mods.xml to encode descriptive metadata.o METS uses a pointer to the metadata that is located outside of the METS document.

More specifically, it uses a xlink:href to indicate the location of such file. o Example:

<!-- MODS object --> <mets:dmdSec ID="DMD_OTHER">

<mets:mdRef ID="D09002ee180b004da" MDTYPE="MODS" MIMETYPE="text/xml" LOCTYPE="URL" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="file:/mods.xml" />

</mets:dmdSec>

• When will mods.xml be used by METS (aip.xml) ?o METS will use the mods.xml to encode descriptive metadata.o METS uses a pointer to the metadata that is located outside of the METS document.

More specifically, it uses a xlink:href to indicate the location of such file. o Example:

<!-- MODS object --> <mets:dmdSec ID="DMD_OTHER">

<mets:mdRef ID="D09002ee180b004da" MDTYPE="MODS" MIMETYPE="text/xml" LOCTYPE="URL" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="file:/mods.xml" />

</mets:dmdSec>

References• Digital Library Federation/Acquifer Implementation Guidelines for

Shareable MODS Recordso https://wiki.dlib.indiana.edu/download/attachments/24288/DLFMODS_Imple

mentationGuidelines.pdf

• MODS User Guidelineso http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/

• MODS: Uses and Featureso http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/mods-overview.html

• W3C Schoolso http://www.w3schools.com/xml/default.asp

• Digital Library Federation/Acquifer Implementation Guidelines for Shareable MODS Recordso https://wiki.dlib.indiana.edu/download/attachments/24288/DLFMODS_Imple

mentationGuidelines.pdf

• MODS User Guidelineso http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/userguide/

• MODS: Uses and Featureso http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/mods-overview.html

• W3C Schoolso http://www.w3schools.com/xml/default.asp