modot tensile strength ratio (tsr) training/certification ... · pdf filemissouri university...
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Missouri University of Science & Technology
Department of Civil, Architectural, and
Environmental Engineering
MoDOT TENSILE STRENGTH RATIO
(TSR) TRAINING/CERTIFICATION
COURSE
9-20-06 1-29-07 11-18-09 11-10-10
COURSE OBJECTIVE
To bring together the diverse standpoints in a paving project to share in a common training program that shows not only how but why the TSR QC/QA procedures are performed.
TSR CERTIFICATION COURSE
2010-2011 Revised 11-19-09; 11-15-10
Time Module Location Topic Instructor 8:00-8:15 Intro
Lecture Intro/welcome Richardson
8:15-9:40 Lecture TSR Richardson 9:50-?? Lab Lab demo:
Shipping Sample TSR test
Hands-on practice
Lusher
½ hour Lecture Course Review Richardson 2 hours Lecture Written Exam Richardson Once written exam is complete, the attendee can start their proficiency exam. Whether the attendee wants to leave for lunch is their decision. Proficiency exam proctor will be on duty until all attendees have finished their proficiency exam. ?-Until all have finished
Lab Proficiency Exam Lusher
TSR Schedule 2010-2011 (11-15-10).doc
MoDOTMoDOT TSR QC/QATSR QC/QA
TRAINING/CERTIFICATIONTRAINING/CERTIFICATION COURSECOURSE
Missouri University of Science & Missouri University of Science & TechnologyTechnology
Department of Civil, Architectural, and Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental EngineeringEnvironmental Engineering
99--2121--060611--2929--07071111--99--070744--2424--080855--1313--090955--1414--0909
1111--1818--09091111--1111--1010
MoDOTMoDOTTSR QC/QATSR QC/QA
TRAINING/CERTIFICATIONTRAINING/CERTIFICATIONCOURSECOURSE
Missouri University of Science & TechnologyMissouri University of Science & Technology
Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental EngineeringEngineering
99--2121--060611--2929--07071111--99--070744--2424--080855--1313--090955--1414--09091111--1818--09091111--1111--1010
AASHTO T283 AASHTO T283 Tensile Strength RatioTensile Strength Ratio
(TSR)(TSR)
Resistance of Compacted Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to MoistureAsphalt Mixtures to Moisture--
Induced DamageInduced Damage
3
SCOPESCOPE
BackgroundBackground TSR Role in QC/QATSR Role in QC/QA SamplingSampling Test procedureTest procedure Field verificationField verification
4
Why are we concerned with Why are we concerned with Moisture Sensitivity?Moisture Sensitivity?
Stripping will result if the bond is Stripping will result if the bond is broken between the asphalt cement broken between the asphalt cement and aggregate.and aggregate. Resulting in pavement:Resulting in pavement:
RuttingRuttingShovingShovingRavelingRavelingCrackingCracking
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MOISTURE DAMAGE MOISTURE DAMAGE (STRIPPING)(STRIPPING)
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AASHTO TEST METHODS & AASHTO TEST METHODS & SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONS
R35 Volumetric Design PracticeR35 Volumetric Design Practice M323 Volumetric Design M323 Volumetric Design SpecsSpecs R30 Mix ConditioningR30 Mix Conditioning T 312 Gyro operationT 312 Gyro operation T 166 Bulk Sp Gravity of T 166 Bulk Sp Gravity of gyro pucksgyro pucks T 209 Max Sp Gravity of T 209 Max Sp Gravity of VoidlessVoidless Mix (Rice)Mix (Rice) T 283 Moisture SensitivityT 283 Moisture Sensitivity R 47 HMA Sample SplittingR 47 HMA Sample Splitting D 3549 Thickness of SpecimensD 3549 Thickness of Specimens
7
What is What is TTensile ensile SStrength trength RRatio?atio?
Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt MixturesMixtures
Affects the structural integrity of Affects the structural integrity of a mixture.a mixture.
Based on the ratio of the tensile Based on the ratio of the tensile strength of a set of conditioned to strength of a set of conditioned to a set of unconditioned specimens a set of unconditioned specimens expressed as a %.expressed as a %.
8
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Moisture SensitivityAASHTO T 283
• Measured on proposed aggregate blend and asphalt content
• Reduced compactive effort to increase voids
3 Conditioned Specimens 3 Dry Specimens
Vacuum saturate specimensSoak at 60oC for 24 hoursSoak at 25oC for 2 hours
Freeze at -18 C for 16 hrs min.
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TSRTSR
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Calculate the Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR)
A minimum of 80% needed
Moisture SensitivityAASHTO T 283
Determine the tensile strengths of both sets of 3 specimens
TSR = Avg. wet tensile strength
Avg. dry tensile strength
Greater than 80%
10
TYPICAL TEST RESULTSTYPICAL TEST RESULTS
Range in initial mix design: 40Range in initial mix design: 40--95+ %95+ %
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SCOPESCOPE
BackgroundBackground TSR Role in QC/QATSR Role in QC/QA SamplingSampling Test procedureTest procedure Field verificationField verification
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TSR RoleTSR Role
Mix design/acceptanceMix design/acceptance Field Verification of mixField Verification of mix
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DURING MIX DESIGNDURING MIX DESIGNIn Addition to Field Verification StepsIn Addition to Field Verification Steps
Mixture prepared in labMixture prepared in lab After mixing, place mixture in a pan and After mixing, place mixture in a pan and
cool at room temperature for 2.0 cool at room temperature for 2.0 ±± 0.5 hrs0.5 hrs Place in oven on perforated shelf (or on Place in oven on perforated shelf (or on
spacers) at 60spacers) at 60°° C for 16 C for 16 ±± 1 hrs1 hrs
14
MIX DESIGN ACCEPTANCEMIX DESIGN ACCEPTANCE
TSR TSR ≥≥ 70% for 70% for BB and BPBB and BP mixes (for mixes (for aggregate fractions containing aggregate fractions containing ≥≥ 10% 10% minus #30 with PI >3)minus #30 with PI >3)
TSR TSR >> 80% for 80% for Superpave Superpave mixesmixes
15
TSR RoleTSR Role
Mix design/acceptanceMix design/acceptance Field Verification of mixField Verification of mix
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BB and BP MixesBB and BP Mixes Engineering Policy Guide 401.2.3: Additional Engineering Policy Guide 401.2.3: Additional
TSR testing is warranted if: In the field, if TSR testing is warranted if: In the field, if the PI of the fine aggregate fractions has the PI of the fine aggregate fractions has significantly increased or the overall quality significantly increased or the overall quality of the aggregate has changedof the aggregate has changed
If a source has a history of stripping, MoDOT If a source has a history of stripping, MoDOT may require TSR testing during design and/or may require TSR testing during design and/or productionproduction
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SUPERPAVE TSR SUPERPAVE TSR PAY ADJUSTMENTPAY ADJUSTMENT
TSRTSR % of Contract price% of Contract price
≥≥9090 103103
7575--8989 100100
7070--7474 9898
6565--6969 9797
<65<65 RemoveRemove
18
SCOPESCOPE
BackgroundBackground TSR Role in QC/QATSR Role in QC/QA SamplingSampling Test procedureTest procedure Field verificationField verification
19
Sampling Field TSRSampling Field TSRQC/QAQC/QA
During production, loose mix samples will During production, loose mix samples will be taken and quartered as described in be taken and quartered as described in EPG Section 403.1.5EPG Section 403.1.5
QC has the option of taking loose mix QC has the option of taking loose mix samples from any point in the samples from any point in the production process. production process.
QA samples should be taken from the QA samples should be taken from the same point as the QC, althoughsame point as the QC, although not at not at the same timethe same time
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LOOSE MIX: LOOSE MIX: TSR SampleTSR Sample
QC: 1 per 10,000 tonsQC: 1 per 10,000 tons
QA: 1 per 50,000 tons or one per mix QA: 1 per 50,000 tons or one per mix (combination of projects) (combination of projects)
[contract with several projects with same [contract with several projects with same mix, totaling < 50,000 tons)mix, totaling < 50,000 tons)
Random locations by spec (not enforced)Random locations by spec (not enforced)
21
SAMPLING:SAMPLING:QCQC
QC gets their own TSR sample (~75) QC gets their own TSR sample (~75) lbs plus a retained 75 lb sample for QAlbs plus a retained 75 lb sample for QA
Depth: full depth of the course (if Depth: full depth of the course (if roadway sample)roadway sample)
22
SAMPLING:SAMPLING:QAQA
QA gets their own QA gets their own ““independentindependent””250 lb sample, retain 125 lbs250 lb sample, retain 125 lbs
23
TSR SAMPLINGTSR SAMPLING
RoadwayRoadway Plant dischargePlant dischargeTruckTruck
24
TSR SamplingTSR Sampling--RoadwayRoadway
25
CAUTIONCAUTION
Filling one bucket at a time may render Filling one bucket at a time may render different characteristics bucketdifferent characteristics bucket--toto--bucketbucket------better to place one shovelful better to place one shovelful per bucket at a timeper bucket at a time
Should recombine and quarterShould recombine and quarter
26
PLANT DISCHARGEPLANT DISCHARGE
27
Truck SamplingTruck Sampling
28
CAUTIONCAUTION
Sampling methods (eg. length of arms) Sampling methods (eg. length of arms) limit the position of sampling in the limit the position of sampling in the truck bedtruck bed
DonDon’’t leave sample boxes uncovered at t leave sample boxes uncovered at this locationthis location——may get contaminated may get contaminated with dust and overspray of release with dust and overspray of release agentagent
29
HOT MIX SPLITTINGHOT MIX SPLITTING
MoDOT is now using AASHTO R 47MoDOT is now using AASHTO R 47 Details the use of optional :Details the use of optional :
Quartering templatesQuartering templates ““QuartermasterQuartermaster”” Riffle splittersRiffle splitters Incremental (loaf) Incremental (loaf)
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QUARTERMASTERQUARTERMASTER
31
32
33
34
TSR Sample QuarteringTSR Sample Quartering Sample for TSR is quartered per AASHTO Sample for TSR is quartered per AASHTO
R 47 R 47 Opposing 2 quarters are removed and Opposing 2 quarters are removed and
combined for the retained split.combined for the retained split. Combine remaining 2 quartersCombine remaining 2 quarters Quarter againQuarter again Combine opposite quarters, producing 2 pilesCombine opposite quarters, producing 2 piles Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits.Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits. Pull 6 pucks.Pull 6 pucks. Pull Rice if necessary. Pull Rice if necessary.
35
Opposing 2 quarters are removed and Opposing 2 quarters are removed and combined for the retained split.combined for the retained split.
Retained
Retained
36
NoteNote--you will need about 175 lbs if you you will need about 175 lbs if you do this stepdo this step——if not, 75 lbs will workif not, 75 lbs will work
37
TSR Sample QuarteringTSR Sample Quartering Sample for TSR is quartered per AASHTO Sample for TSR is quartered per AASHTO
R 47 R 47 Opposing 2 quarters are removed and Opposing 2 quarters are removed and
combined for the retained split.combined for the retained split. Combine remaining 2 quartersCombine remaining 2 quarters Quarter againQuarter again Combine opposite quarters, producing 2 pilesCombine opposite quarters, producing 2 piles Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits.Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits. Pull 6 pucks.Pull 6 pucks. Pull Rice if necessary. Pull Rice if necessary.
38
Combine remaining 2 quarters Combine remaining 2 quarters
Use
Use
Combine opposite corners
39
SAMPLE SIZESAMPLE SIZE
Need ~ 175 lbs to follow this whole Need ~ 175 lbs to follow this whole procedureprocedure
Need ~ 75 lbs if you skip the first 3 Need ~ 75 lbs if you skip the first 3 stepssteps
40
TSR Sample QuarteringTSR Sample Quartering Sample for TSR is quartered per Sample for TSR is quartered per
AASHTO R 47 AASHTO R 47 Opposing 2 quarters are removed and Opposing 2 quarters are removed and
combined for the retained split.combined for the retained split. Combine remaining 2 quartersCombine remaining 2 quarters Quarter againQuarter again Combine opposite quarters, producing 2 Combine opposite quarters, producing 2
pilespiles Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits.Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits. Pull 6 pucks.Pull 6 pucks. Pull Rice if necessary. Pull Rice if necessary.
41
Quarter AgainQuarter Again
42
TSR Sample QuarteringTSR Sample Quartering Sample for TSR is quartered per Sample for TSR is quartered per
AASHTO R 47 AASHTO R 47 Opposing 2 quarters are removed and Opposing 2 quarters are removed and
combined for the retained split.combined for the retained split. Combine remaining 2 quartersCombine remaining 2 quarters Quarter againQuarter again Combine opposite quarters, producing Combine opposite quarters, producing 2 piles2 piles
Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits.Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits. Pull 6 pucks.Pull 6 pucks. Pull Rice if necessary. Pull Rice if necessary.
43
Combine opposite quarters, producing Combine opposite quarters, producing 2 piles2 piles
Combine oppositequarters
Combine opposite quarters
44
2 Piles2 Piles
45
TSR Sample QuarteringTSR Sample Quartering Sample for TSR is quartered per Sample for TSR is quartered per
AASHTO R 47 AASHTO R 47 Opposing 2 quarters are removed and Opposing 2 quarters are removed and
combined for the retained split.combined for the retained split. Combine remaining 2 quartersCombine remaining 2 quarters Quarter againQuarter again Combine opposite quarters, producing 2 Combine opposite quarters, producing 2
pilespiles Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits.Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits. Pull 6 pucks.Pull 6 pucks. Pull Rice if necessary. Pull Rice if necessary.
46
Quarter each pile. Now have 8 Quarter each pile. Now have 8 splits.splits.
47
TSR Sample QuarteringTSR Sample Quartering Sample for TSR is quartered per AASHTO Sample for TSR is quartered per AASHTO
R 47 R 47 Opposing 2 quarters are removed and Opposing 2 quarters are removed and
combined for the retained split.combined for the retained split. Combine remaining 2 quartersCombine remaining 2 quarters Quarter againQuarter again Combine opposite quarters, producing 2 pilesCombine opposite quarters, producing 2 piles Quarter each half again. Now have 8 splits.Quarter each half again. Now have 8 splits. Pull 6 pucks.Pull 6 pucks. Pull Rice if necessary.Pull Rice if necessary.
48
Obtain four TSR puck amountsObtain four TSR puck amounts
TSR
TSR
TSR
TSR
49
Obtain two TSR puck amounts Obtain two TSR puck amounts and a Riceand a Rice
TSR
Rice
TSR
50
Volumetrics puckTSR puck
51
QA TSR SampleQA TSR Sample QA inspector will box up 125 lbs QA inspector will box up 125 lbs
loose mix sample and ship to the loose mix sample and ship to the Central Lab for testingCentral Lab for testing
Each box should contain as Each box should contain as representative a sample as possible representative a sample as possible (eg. contain all fines, etc)(eg. contain all fines, etc)
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53
54
QA TSR Sample, contQA TSR Sample, cont’’d.d.
Central Lab will determine the TSR Central Lab will determine the TSR puck weight to be used from puck weight to be used from testing one of the boxestesting one of the boxes
Central Lab will combine the Central Lab will combine the remaining samples and go through remaining samples and go through the splitting procedurethe splitting procedure
55
QA TSR SampleQA TSR Sample
Field QA should also retain a 125 Field QA should also retain a 125 lbssample lbssample (Do not send to Central Lab (Do not send to Central Lab unless asked for. Discard only after unless asked for. Discard only after issues of favorable comparison issues of favorable comparison between QC and QA have been between QC and QA have been determined)determined)
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TSR BOX INFOTSR BOX INFO
Site Manager ID numberSite Manager ID number Mix numberMix number GGmmmm from sublot taken (QC or QA)from sublot taken (QC or QA) Specimen weight QC is usingSpecimen weight QC is using
57
SCOPESCOPE
BackgroundBackground TSR Role in QC/QATSR Role in QC/QA SamplingSampling Test procedureTest procedure Field verificationField verification
58
TSR TEST PROCEDURETSR TEST PROCEDURE Determine TSR puck weightsDetermine TSR puck weights Compact pucks, run specific gravityCompact pucks, run specific gravity Run Rice specific gravityRun Rice specific gravity Calculate air voidsCalculate air voids Break dry pucksBreak dry pucks Condition wet pucksCondition wet pucks Break wet pucksBreak wet pucks Calculate TSRCalculate TSR Inspect conditioned pucksInspect conditioned pucks
59
EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
Gyratory compactor & 150 mm diameter Gyratory compactor & 150 mm diameter moldsmolds
Oven: room temperature up to 176 Oven: room temperature up to 176 ±±3 3 °°CC BalanceBalance Rice specific gravity equipmentRice specific gravity equipment
60
EQUIPMENT, contEQUIPMENT, cont’’d.d.
Water bath at 25 Water bath at 25 ±± 0.5 0.5 °°CC Water bath at 60 Water bath at 60 ±± 1 1 °°CC Plastic bagsPlastic bags Cling filmCling film
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EQUIPMENT, contEQUIPMENT, cont’’d.d.
Vacuum dessicatorVacuum dessicator Vacuum pump @ up to 26Vacuum pump @ up to 26”” mercurymercury TimerTimer Damp towelDamp towel
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EQUIPMENT, contEQUIPMENT, cont’’d.d.
10 ml graduated cylinder10 ml graduated cylinder Freezer @ Freezer @ --18 18 ±± 3 3 °°CC Load frame (2 in per min movement)Load frame (2 in per min movement) Indirect tensile strength breaking headIndirect tensile strength breaking head
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ESTIMATE TSR PUCK MASSESTIMATE TSR PUCK MASS
Enough to fill a cylinder 150 mm Enough to fill a cylinder 150 mm diameter and 95 mm heightdiameter and 95 mm height
Less 7.0% air voidsLess 7.0% air voids Less side dimplesLess side dimples
The calculation of required mass will be The calculation of required mass will be a starting pointa starting point------experience will fineexperience will fine--tune the actual mass requiredtune the actual mass required
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TSR PUCK MASSTSR PUCK MASS
Mix is constantly changing (e.g. bin % Mix is constantly changing (e.g. bin % changes)changes)
Exact %Exact %’’s of each material is changings of each material is changing Each material has a different specific Each material has a different specific
gravitygravity So, volumes of each material are So, volumes of each material are
changingchanging So, mix mass must change to keep 7.0% So, mix mass must change to keep 7.0%
air voids constantair voids constant
TSR PUCK MASSTSR PUCK MASS
The following slides present one method The following slides present one method for determining mass of puck to result for determining mass of puck to result in 7.0% air voids & 95 mm tall. The in 7.0% air voids & 95 mm tall. The method is not mandatorymethod is not mandatory
There may be equally useful methodsThere may be equally useful methods
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66
TSR PUCK MASSTSR PUCK MASS
Do a weightDo a weight--volume calculation to get volume calculation to get initial massinitial mass
Adjust via the most recent puck history Adjust via the most recent puck history (say, volumetric pucks)(say, volumetric pucks)
FineFine--tune with experiencetune with experience
67
TSR PUCK MASSTSR PUCK MASSMoving target:Moving target:
95 mm
150 mmMass to get
7.0% air voids
But…dimples:
So, adjust mass according to how the mix is behaving (info from other compacted pucks)
68
CALCULATION OF MASS CALCULATION OF MASS REQUIREDREQUIRED
FOR 7.0% AIR VOIDSFOR 7.0% AIR VOIDS
Obtain Obtain GGmmmm for the sampled for the sampled roadway mat arearoadway mat area
69
CAUTIONCAUTION
The GThe Gmm mm needs to be representativeneeds to be representative-- if if not, the computed air voids will be not, the computed air voids will be wrongwrong
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CALCULATION OF MASS CALCULATION OF MASS REQUIREDREQUIRED
FOR 7.0% AIR VOIDSFOR 7.0% AIR VOIDS
From test data of QC or QA From test data of QC or QA volumetric pucks, average several volumetric pucks, average several GGmbmb values appropriate for the TSR values appropriate for the TSR sampled mat area: sampled mat area: GGmb,measmb,meas
71
GGmb,estmb,est
Compute the GCompute the Gmbmb as if there were no as if there were no side voids (dimples) = side voids (dimples) = GGmb,estmb,est
Thus, for the same mass, the volume will Thus, for the same mass, the volume will be larger, and Gbe larger, and Gmbmb should increaseshould increase
72
CALCULATION OF MASS CALCULATION OF MASS REQUIREDREQUIRED
FOR 7.0% AIR VOIDSFOR 7.0% AIR VOIDS Average the mass (Average the mass (MMmeasmeas) of each of ) of each of
the Gthe Gmbmb pucks (recent historical data)pucks (recent historical data) Average the puck height (from gyro Average the puck height (from gyro
printout) h @ Nprintout) h @ Ndesdes ((hhxx) of each of the ) of each of the GGmbmb puckspucks
Calculate the Calculate the GGmb,estmb,est
Where d= diameter of puck (15.0 cm)Where d= diameter of puck (15.0 cm)And hAnd hxx in cmin cm
,2d x
measmb estimated
MGh
4
73
CALCULATION OF MASS CALCULATION OF MASS REQUIREDREQUIRED
FOR 7.0% AIR VOIDSFOR 7.0% AIR VOIDS Calculate Calculate ““C C ””
Gmb(measured)C experience
Gmb(estimated)
74
CALCULATION OF MASS CALCULATION OF MASS REQUIREDREQUIRED
FOR 7.0% AIR VOIDSFOR 7.0% AIR VOIDS Calculate the required Calculate the required massmass for for
7.0% air voids7.0% air voids(0.93)((0.93)(ππ)(d)(d22/4)(h)(Gmm)/4)(h)(Gmm)
Mass = Mass = ----------------------------------------------------------CC
If d=15.0 cm and h= 9.5 cm:If d=15.0 cm and h= 9.5 cm:
C
. Gmm21561Mass
75
QCQA\TSRmassEstimate.xls TSR PUCK MASS ESTIMATION
Job No. Mix TypeRoute FormationsCounty LedgesContractor Binder TypeDate Binder Amount, %
Gyro Puck Information:
Specimen 1 2 3 4 AvgMmeas(g) 4601.7 4598 4600.3 4600.0Gmb,meas 2.321 2.314 2.325 2.320h, Ndes(mm) 114.3 114.6 114.5 114.5
Mmeas,avg diam,avg(cm) h,Ndes(cm) Gmb,est Gmb,meas.avg C Gmm4600.0 15.0 11.45 2.273 2.320 1.020 2.427
pi 3.141592654 Mass(g)Theoretical mass 3713Additional material
C= (Gmb,meas.avg) / (Gmb,est) Other adjustmentsTotal mass 3713
Gmb,est= (Mmeas,avg) / [(pi)*(d^2)*(h,Ndes) / 4]
Mass= (0.93)*[(pi)*(d^2)*(9.5)] / 4]*(Gmm) / C
TSR MASSTSR MASS
75
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76
FIELD VERIFICATIONFIELD VERIFICATION The following slides relate to TSR The following slides relate to TSR
testing of field samplestesting of field samples
DAILY PROCEDUREDAILY PROCEDUREOutlineOutline
Day 1: Compact pucksDay 1: Compact pucks Day 2: Day 2:
Determine GDetermine Gmbmb of pucksof pucks Calculate air voidsCalculate air voids Group into two sets of 3Group into two sets of 3 Saturate the Wet setSaturate the Wet set Put Wet set into freezerPut Wet set into freezer Start air drying of Dry setStart air drying of Dry set
77
DAILY PROCEDUREDAILY PROCEDUREOutlineOutline
Day 3:Day 3: Test Dry setTest Dry set Start high temperature conditioning of Start high temperature conditioning of
Wet setWet set Day 4: Day 4:
Test Wet setTest Wet set Calculate TSRCalculate TSR
78
79
TEST PROCEDURE Day 1TEST PROCEDURE Day 1
Reheat the mix to compaction Reheat the mix to compaction temperature temperature ±± 3 3 °°C.C.
Use sufficient mix to achieve 7.0 Use sufficient mix to achieve 7.0 ±± 0.5% 0.5% air voids in a 95 mm tall puck.air voids in a 95 mm tall puck. Note: SMA mixes require 6.0Note: SMA mixes require 6.0±±0.5% air 0.5% air
voids.voids. If using roadway volumetrics, aging mix may If using roadway volumetrics, aging mix may
be necessary to achieve correct voids.be necessary to achieve correct voids.
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DAY 1DAY 1 Set gyro to Set gyro to ““Height Height
controlcontrol”” modemode Compact 6 pucks Compact 6 pucks
(actually, will make 1 (actually, will make 1 or more trial pucks; or more trial pucks; may wish to compact may wish to compact several extra pucks)several extra pucks)
Store at room Store at room temperature for 24 temperature for 24 ±±3 hrs.3 hrs.
81
TSRTSRConditioned pucks
Rice
Unconditioned pucks
82
DAY 2:DAY 2:Determine Air VoidsDetermine Air Voids
Determine GDetermine Gmb mb for all 6+ pucks for all 6+ pucks (follow T166(follow T166——thus, pucks need to be thus, pucks need to be tested at 25tested at 25°° C)C)
Determine Rice gravity (GDetermine Rice gravity (Gmm) ) [must be representative of TSR mix][must be representative of TSR mix]
83
DETERMINE GDETERMINE Gmbmb
Testing
Obtain mass of dry compacted sample
84
Rice vacuumRice vacuumMaximum Specific Gravity Test (Rice)
85
AASHTO T-283 T-283 Rev3-24-04Example.xls
Mix Number Example Gmm = 2.476
Gmb Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Weight in air (g) [A] 3725.8 3749.7 3755.1 3822.4 3759.7 3692.3
SSD Weight (g) [B] 3735.6 3761.0 3765.0 3833.5 3770.7 3707.9
Weight in water (g) [C] 2114.3 2135.9 2140.2 2180.0 2144.3 2094.9
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Volume (cm3) [B - C] 1621 1625 1625 1654 1626 [B-C]
Gmb [A / (B - C)] 2.298 2.307 2.311 2.312 2.312 A/[B-C]
% Air Voids [Pa] 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 100[Gmm-Gmb]/GmmDry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 117 111 108 110 108 Pa[B-C]/100
Average % Air Voids Dry 6.9 Wet
Overall
TSR Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Max. Load (lbs) [P] 3852 3601 3761 1564 1517 1197Ind. Tens. Str.:ITS (psi)* 111 104 108 44 44 6.4516*2P/3.1415tD
* For 15.0 cm diameter specimen[D] Vacuum SSD Wt. (g)[B'] 3902.9 3846.0 3787.3
Avg. Wet ITS (psi)[Swet] Weight in air (g)[A] 3822.4 3759.7
Avg. Dry ITS (psi)[Sdry] 108 Vol. Absorb H2O (cm3)[J'] 81 86 B'-A
TSR (%)[100Swet/Sdry] Dry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 110 108
70% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3899 3835 A+0.7Va
AVG 80% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3910 3846 A+0.8Va
Air Voids (%) % Saturation 73 80 100J'/Va
Dry Subset %Air 6.9 in. Hg 22 23 23
Wet Subset %Air Time (min) 8 8 8
Saturation (%) in. Hg 25 26 24
Time (min) 1 1 1
Dry Subset
Time in 25 C waterbath 1h 50m 1h 55m 2h
(2 hrs ± 10 min)
Wet Subset
NOTE: Shaded cells indicate Time in Freezer 19h 44m 19h 16m 18h 54m
cells needing input values (Minimum 16 hrs)
Time in 60 C waterbath 23h 30m 23h 30m 23h 30m
(24 ± 1 hrs)
Test Time 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003
5:25 PM 5:30 PM 5:35 PM 4:20 PM 4:25 PM 4:30 PM
86
DETERMINE %AIR VOIDSDETERMINE %AIR VOIDS
Having tested Rice, calculate air Having tested Rice, calculate air voids of each puck:voids of each puck:
GGmm mm -- GGmbmb
PPaa= = --------------------------------------x100x100GGmmmm
87
AASHTO T-283 T-283 Rev3-24-04Example.xls
Mix Number Example Gmm = 2.476
Gmb Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Weight in air (g) [A] 3725.8 3749.7 3755.1 3822.4 3759.7 3692.3
SSD Weight (g) [B] 3735.6 3761.0 3765.0 3833.5 3770.7 3707.9
Weight in water (g) [C] 2114.3 2135.9 2140.2 2180.0 2144.3 2094.9
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Volume (cm3) [B - C] 1621 1625 1625 1654 1626 [B-C]
Gmb [A / (B - C)] 2.298 2.307 2.311 2.312 2.312 A/[B-C]
% Air Voids [Pa] 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 100[Gmm-Gmb]/GmmDry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 117 111 108 110 108 Pa[B-C]/100
Average % Air Voids Dry 6.9 Wet
Overall
TSR Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Max. Load (lbs) [P] 3852 3601 3761 1564 1517 1197Ind. Tens. Str.:ITS (psi)* 111 104 108 44 44 6.4516*2P/3.1415tD
* For 15.0 cm diameter specimen[D] Vacuum SSD Wt. (g)[B'] 3902.9 3846.0 3787.3
Avg. Wet ITS (psi)[Swet] Weight in air (g)[A] 3822.4 3759.7Avg. Dry ITS (psi)[Sdry] 108 Vol. Absorb H2O (cm3)[J'] 81 86 B'-A
TSR (%)[100Swet/Sdry] Dry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 110 108
70% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3899 3835 A+0.7Va
AVG 80% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3910 3846 A+0.8Va
Air Voids (%) % Saturation 73 80 100J'/Va
Dry Subset %Air 6.9 in. Hg 22 23 23
Wet Subset %Air Time (min) 8 8 8
Saturation (%) in. Hg 25 26 24
Time (min) 1 1 1
Dry Subset
Time in 25 C waterbath 1h 50m 1h 55m 2h
(2 hrs ± 10 min)
Wet Subset
NOTE: Shaded cells indicate Time in Freezer 19h 44m 19h 16m 18h 54m
cells needing input values (Minimum 16 hrs)
Time in 60 C waterbath 23h 30m 23h 30m 23h 30m
(24 ± 1 hrs)
Test Time 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003
5:25 PM 5:30 PM 5:35 PM 4:20 PM 4:25 PM 4:30 PM
85
AA
SH
TO
T-2
83
T-2
83
Rev3
-24-0
4E
xa
mple
.xls
Mix
Num
ber
Exam
ple
Gm
m =
2.4
76
Gm
b W
ork
she
et
Dry
Su
bse
tW
et
Sub
set
Spe
cim
en
#1
23
45
6
Weig
ht in
air
(g)
[A]
37
25
.83
74
9.7
375
5.1
38
22
.4375
9.7
36
92
.3
SS
D W
eig
ht (g
) [B
]37
35
.63
76
1.0
376
5.0
38
33
.5377
0.7
37
07
.9
Weig
ht in
wate
r (g
) [C
]21
14
.32
13
5.9
214
0.2
21
80
.0214
4.3
20
94
.9
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[t]
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Volu
me (
cm
3)
[B -
C]
162
116
25
1625
165
416
26
[B-C
]
Gm
b [
A / (
B -
C)]
2.2
98
2.3
07
2.3
11
2.3
12
2.3
12
A/[
B-C
]
% A
ir V
oid
s[P
a]
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.6
10
0[G
mm
-Gm
b]/
Gm
mD
ry v
olu
me o
f air (
cm
3)[
Va]
117
111
10
81
10
10
8P
a[B
-C]/
10
0
Ave
rage
% A
ir V
oid
sD
ry6.9
We
t
Ove
rall
TS
R W
ork
she
et
Dry
Su
bse
tW
et
Sub
set
Spe
cim
en
#1
23
45
6
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[t]
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Max. Lo
ad
(lb
s)[
P]
385
236
01
3761
156
415
17
119
7In
d.
Ten
s. S
tr.:
ITS
(p
si)*
111
104
10
844
44
6.4
516
*2P
/3.1
41
5tD
* F
or
15
.0 c
m d
iam
ete
r spe
cim
en
[D]
V
acu
um
SS
D W
t. (
g)[
B']
39
02
.9384
6.0
37
87
.3
Avg
. W
et IT
S (
psi)
[Sw
et]
We
ight
in a
ir (
g)[
A]
38
22
.4375
9.7
Avg
. D
ry IT
S (
psi)[S
dry
]1
08
Vol.
Ab
sorb
H2O
(cm
3)[
J']
81
86
B'-A
TS
R (
%)[
100S
wet/
Sdry
] D
ry v
olu
me
of
air (
cm
3)[
Va
]1
10
10
8
70
% S
at.
(T
arg
et V
SS
D)
389
938
35
A+
0.7
Va
AV
G80
% S
at.
(T
arg
et V
SS
D)
391
038
46
A+
0.8
Va
Air V
oid
s (%
)
% S
atu
ratio
n73
80
10
0J'/V
a
Dry
Sub
se
t %
Air
6.9
in.
Hg
22
23
23
Wet S
ubse
t %
Air
Tim
e (
min
)8
88
Satu
ratio
n (
%)
in.
Hg
25
26
24
Tim
e (
min
)1
11
Dry
Su
bse
t
Tim
e in
25
C w
ate
rbath
1h 5
0m
1h 5
5m
2h
(2 h
rs ±
10 m
in)
Wet
Sub
set
NO
TE
: S
had
ed c
ells
indic
ate
T
ime in
Fre
eze
r19h
44m
19
h 1
6m
18h
54m
cells
ne
ed
ing in
pu
t va
lues
(M
inim
um
16
hrs
)
Tim
e in
60
C w
ate
rba
th23h
30m
23
h 3
0m
23h
30m
(24
± 1
hrs
)
Te
st
Tim
e1
2/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
00
312/2
2/2
00
31
2/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
00
312
/22/2
003
5:2
5 P
M5:3
0 P
M5:3
5 P
M4
:20 P
M4:2
5 P
M4
:30 P
M
87
AA
SH
TO
T-2
83
T-2
83 R
ev3
-24-0
4E
xam
ple
.xls
Mix
Num
ber
Exa
mple
Gm
m =
2.4
76
Gm
b W
ork
sheet
Dry
Subse
tW
et S
ubse
t
Sp
eci
men #
12
34
56
Weig
ht in
air (
g)
[A]
3725.8
3749.7
3755.1
3822.4
3759
.73692.3
SS
D W
eig
ht (g
) [B
]3735.6
3761.0
3765.0
3833.5
3770
.73707.9
Weig
ht in
wate
r (g
) [C
]2114.3
2135.9
2140.2
2180.0
2144
.32094.9
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[t]
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Vo
lum
e (
cm3)
[B -
C]
1621
1625
1625
1654
1626
[B-C
]
Gm
b [A
/ (
B -
C)]
2.2
98
2.3
07
2.3
11
2.3
12
2.3
12
A/[B
-C]
% A
ir V
oid
s[P
a]
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.6
100[G
mm
-Gm
b]/G
mm
Dry
volu
me o
f air (
cm3)[
Va]
117
111
108
110
108
Pa[B
-C]/100
Ave
rage %
Air V
oid
sD
ry6.9
Wet
Ove
rall
TS
R W
ork
sheet
Dry
Subse
tW
et S
ubse
t
Sp
eci
men #
12
34
56
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[t]
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Max.
Loa
d (
lbs )
[P]
3852
3601
3761
1564
1517
1197
Ind. T
ens.
Str
.:IT
S (
psi
)*111
104
108
44
44
6.4
516*2
P/3
.1415tD
* F
or
15.0
cm
dia
mete
r sp
eci
men[D
] V
acu
um
SS
D W
t. (
g)[
B']
3902.9
3846
.03787.3
Avg
. W
et IT
S (
psi
)[S
wet]
W
eig
ht in
air (
g)[
A]
3822.4
3759
.7A
vg. D
ry IT
S (
psi
)[S
dry
]108
Vol.
Abso
rb H
2O
(cm
3)[
J']
81
86
B'-A
TS
R (
%)[
10
0S
wet/S
dry
] D
ry v
olu
me o
f air (
cm3)[
Va]
110
108
70%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3899
3835
A+
0.7
Va
AV
G80%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3910
3846
A+
0.8
Va
Air
Void
s (%
) %
Satu
ratio
n73
80
100J'
/Va
Dry
Subse
t %
Air
6.9
in. H
g22
23
23
Wet S
ubse
t %
Air
Tim
e (
min
)8
88
Sa
tura
tion (
%)
in. H
g25
26
24
Tim
e (
min
)1
11
Dry
Subse
t
Tim
e in
25
C w
ate
rbath
1h 5
0m
1h 5
5m
2h
(
2 h
rs ±
10 m
in)
Wet S
ubse
t
NO
TE
: S
haded c
ells
indic
ate
T
ime in
Fre
eze
r19h 4
4m
19h 1
6m
18h 5
4m
c
ells
ne
edin
g in
put va
lues
(M
inim
um
16 h
rs)
Tim
e in
60 C
wate
rbath
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
(
24 ±
1 h
rs)
Test T
ime
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
5:2
5 P
M5
:30 P
M5:3
5 P
M4:2
0 P
M4:2
5 P
M4:3
0 P
M
88
AIR VOIDSAIR VOIDS2 SIMILAR GROUPS2 SIMILAR GROUPS
““WetWet”” and and ““DryDry”” Group the pucks into 2 groups such that Group the pucks into 2 groups such that
average air voids of each group is about average air voids of each group is about equalequal
Testing pucks at extreme end of allowable Testing pucks at extreme end of allowable voids may lead to poor QC/QA comparisonvoids may lead to poor QC/QA comparison
89
AASHTO T-283 T-283 Rev3-24-04Example.xls
Mix Number Example Gmm = 2.476
Gmb Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Weight in air (g) [A] 3725.8 3749.7 3755.1 3822.4 3759.7 3692.3
SSD Weight (g) [B] 3735.6 3761.0 3765.0 3833.5 3770.7 3707.9
Weight in water (g) [C] 2114.3 2135.9 2140.2 2180.0 2144.3 2094.9
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Volume (cm3) [B - C] 1621 1625 1625 1654 1626 [B-C]
Gmb [A / (B - C)] 2.298 2.307 2.311 2.312 2.312 A/[B-C]
% Air Voids [Pa] 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 100[Gmm-Gmb]/GmmDry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 117 111 108 110 108 Pa[B-C]/100
Average % Air Voids Dry 6.9 Wet
Overall
TSR Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Max. Load (lbs) [P] 3852 3601 3761 1564 1517 1197Ind. Tens. Str.:ITS (psi)* 111 104 108 44 44 6.4516*2P/3.1415tD
* For 15.0 cm diameter specimen[D] Vacuum SSD Wt. (g)[B'] 3902.9 3846.0 3787.3
Avg. Wet ITS (psi)[Swet] Weight in air (g)[A] 3822.4 3759.7Avg. Dry ITS (psi)[Sdry] 108 Vol. Absorb H2O (cm3)[J'] 81 86 B'-A
TSR (%)[100Swet/Sdry] Dry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 110 108
70% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3899 3835 A+0.7Va
AVG 80% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3910 3846 A+0.8Va
Air Voids (%) % Saturation 73 80 100J'/Va
Dry Subset %Air 6.9 in. Hg 22 23 23
Wet Subset %Air Time (min) 8 8 8
Saturation (%) in. Hg 25 26 24
Time (min) 1 1 1
Dry Subset
Time in 25 C waterbath 1h 50m 1h 55m 2h
(2 hrs ± 10 min)
Wet Subset
NOTE: Shaded cells indicate Time in Freezer 19h 44m 19h 16m 18h 54m
cells needing input values (Minimum 16 hrs)
Time in 60 C waterbath 23h 30m 23h 30m 23h 30m
(24 ± 1 hrs)
Test Time 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003
5:25 PM 5:30 PM 5:35 PM 4:20 PM 4:25 PM 4:30 PM
90
TSRTSR--Conditioned (Wet)Conditioned (Wet)
Rice
Unconditioned pucks
Conditioned pucks
89
AA
SH
TO
T-2
83
T-2
83
Rev3
-24-0
4E
xam
ple
.xls
Mix
Num
ber
Exa
mple
Gm
m =
2.4
76
Gm
b W
ork
she
et
Dry
Su
bse
tW
et S
ub
set
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Weig
ht in
air
(g
) [A
]3
72
5.8
37
49.7
375
5.1
38
22
.43
75
9.7
369
2.3
SS
D W
eig
ht
(g)
[B]
3735.6
3761.0
3765.0
3833.5
3770.7
3707.9
Weig
ht in
wate
r (g
) [C
]2
11
4.3
21
35.9
214
0.2
21
80
.02
14
4.3
209
4.9
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[t]
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Volu
me (
cm3)
[B -
C]
1621
1625
1625
1654
1626
[B-C
]
Gm
b [
A /
(B
- C
)]2
.29
82.3
07
2.3
11
2.3
12
2.3
12
A/[
B-C
]
% A
ir V
oid
s[P
a]
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.6
100
[Gm
m-G
mb]/
Gm
mD
ry v
olu
me o
f a
ir (
cm3)[
Va]
117
11
11
08
11
01
08
Pa
[B-C
]/1
00
Ave
rage %
Air V
oid
sD
ry6.9
Wet
Ove
rall
TS
R W
ork
she
et
Dry
Su
bse
tW
et S
ub
set
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[t]
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Max.
Load (
lbs )
[P]
3852
3601
3761
1564
1517
1197
Ind
. T
en
s. S
tr.:
ITS
(p
si)*
111
104
108
44
44
6.4
516*2
P/3
.1415tD
* F
or
15
.0 c
m d
iam
ete
r sp
eci
men
[D]
V
acu
um
SS
D W
t. (
g)[
B']
39
02
.93
84
6.0
378
7.3
Avg
. W
et
ITS
(psi
)[S
wet]
W
eig
ht in
air
(g
)[A
]38
22
.43
75
9.7
Avg
. D
ry IT
S (
psi
)[S
dry
]108
Vo
l. A
bso
rb H
2O
(cm
3)[
J']
81
86
B'-A
TS
R (
%)[
100
Sw
et/S
dry
]
Dry
volu
me o
f a
ir (
cm3)[
Va]
110
108
70%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3899
3835
A+
0.7
Va
AV
G80%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3910
3846
A+
0.8
Va
Air V
oid
s (%
)
%
Satu
ratio
n73
80
100J'
/Va
Dry
Su
bse
t %
Air
6.9
in.
Hg
22
23
23
Wet
Subse
t %
Air
Tim
e (
min
)8
88
Sa
tura
tion (
%)
in.
Hg
25
26
24
Tim
e (
min
)1
11
Dry
Su
bse
t
Tim
e in
25 C
wate
rbath
1h 5
0m
1h 5
5m
2h
(
2 h
rs ±
10 m
in)
We
t S
ub
set
NO
TE
: S
ha
de
d c
ells
ind
icate
Tim
e in
Fre
eze
r1
9h 4
4m
19
h 1
6m
18h
54
m
cells
nee
din
g in
put
valu
es
(Min
imu
m 1
6 h
rs)
Tim
e in
60
C w
ate
rba
th2
3h 3
0m
23
h 3
0m
23h
30
m
(
24 ±
1 h
rs)
Test
Tim
e12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
5:2
5 P
M5:3
0 P
M5:3
5 P
M4:2
0 P
M4:2
5 P
M4:3
0 P
M
91
Day 2, ContDay 2, Cont’’d.d.Wet PucksWet Pucks
Overview: Vacuum saturate the 3 other Overview: Vacuum saturate the 3 other pucks that are to be pucks that are to be ““conditionedconditioned””..
92
VACUUM SATURATIONVACUUM SATURATIONWet PucksWet Pucks
Permissible range: 70Permissible range: 70--80%80% PrePre--calculate partially saturated puck calculate partially saturated puck
weights at 70 and 80%weights at 70 and 80% By iteration, progressively vacuum & By iteration, progressively vacuum &
weigh at intervals until puck weight is in weigh at intervals until puck weight is in the permissible weight rangethe permissible weight range
93
Day 2: Wet PucksDay 2: Wet Pucks Determine the surface dry weight.Determine the surface dry weight.
94
VACUUM SATURATION, VACUUM SATURATION, contcont’’d.d.
Place puck in vacuum chamber and submerge in Place puck in vacuum chamber and submerge in water (water (≥≥ 11”” cover and cover and ≥≥ 11”” above chamber above chamber bottom)bottom)
Apply 10Apply 10--2626”” (suggested 23(suggested 23””) mercury vacuum ) mercury vacuum for 5for 5--10 (suggested 8) minutes10 (suggested 8) minutes
If use high/fast vacuum, may get uneven If use high/fast vacuum, may get uneven saturationsaturation——poor QC/QA comparisonpoor QC/QA comparison
Slowly remove vacuumSlowly remove vacuum Let puck set in water for 5Let puck set in water for 5--10 minutes10 minutes Remove puck, quickly surface dry with a damp Remove puck, quickly surface dry with a damp
toweltowel
95
Day 2, ContDay 2, Cont’’d. Wet Pucksd. Wet Pucks Determine the saturated surface dry Determine the saturated surface dry
weight (T 166).weight (T 166).
If in the 70 If in the 70 --80% saturation weight range, wrap 80% saturation weight range, wrap in cling film, place in plastic bag, add 10 in cling film, place in plastic bag, add 10 ±± 0.5 0.5 ml water, seal.ml water, seal.
Calculate % saturationCalculate % saturation
96
Day 2Day 2Calculation of % SaturationCalculation of % Saturation
E (volume) = B E (volume) = B -- CCB = puck SSD weightB = puck SSD weightC = puck weight in waterC = puck weight in water
[[““BB”” & & ““CC”” from Gfrom Gmbmb testing]testing]
100
E Pa voids) air of (volume Va
97
JJ’’ (volume of absorbed water) = B(volume of absorbed water) = B’’ –– AABB’’ = SSD weight after saturation= SSD weight after saturationA = puck dry weight in air A = puck dry weight in air [[““AA”” fromfrom GGmbmbtesting]testing]
aV
J' 100 Saturation %
98
AASHTO T-283 T-283 Rev3-24-04Example.xls
Mix Number Example Gmm = 2.476
Gmb Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Weight in air (g) [A] 3725.8 3749.7 3755.1 3822.4 3759.7 3692.3
SSD Weight (g) [B] 3735.6 3761.0 3765.0 3833.5 3770.7 3707.9
Weight in water (g) [C] 2114.3 2135.9 2140.2 2180.0 2144.3 2094.9
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Volume (cm3) [B - C] 1621 1625 1625 1654 1626 [B-C]
Gmb [A / (B - C)] 2.298 2.307 2.311 2.312 2.312 A/[B-C]
% Air Voids [Pa] 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 100[Gmm-Gmb]/GmmDry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 117 111 108 110 108 Pa[B-C]/100
Average % Air Voids Dry 6.9 Wet
Overall
TSR Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Max. Load (lbs) [P] 3852 3601 3761 1564 1517 1197Ind. Tens. Str.:ITS (psi)* 111 104 108 44 44 6.4516*2P/3.1415tD
* For 15.0 cm diameter specimen[D] Vacuum SSD Wt. (g)[B'] 3902.9 3846.0 3787.3
Avg. Wet ITS (psi)[Swet] Weight in air (g)[A] 3822.4 3759.7Avg. Dry ITS (psi)[Sdry] 108 Vol. Absorb H2O (cm3)[J'] 81 86 B'-A
TSR (%)[100Swet/Sdry] Dry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 110 108
70% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3899 3835 A+0.7Va
AVG 80% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3910 3846 A+0.8Va
Air Voids (%) % Saturation 73 80 100J'/Va
Dry Subset %Air 6.9 in. Hg 22 23 23
Wet Subset %Air Time (min) 8 8 8
Saturation (%) in. Hg 25 26 24
Time (min) 1 1 1
Dry Subset
Time in 25 C waterbath 1h 50m 1h 55m 2h
(2 hrs ± 10 min)
Wet Subset
NOTE: Shaded cells indicate Time in Freezer 19h 44m 19h 16m 18h 54m
cells needing input values (Minimum 16 hrs)
Time in 60 C waterbath 23h 30m 23h 30m 23h 30m
(24 ± 1 hrs)
Test Time 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003
5:25 PM 5:30 PM 5:35 PM 4:20 PM 4:25 PM 4:30 PM
99
% SATURATION, Cont.% SATURATION, Cont. If the saturation is less than 70%, reIf the saturation is less than 70%, re--vacuum vacuum
at 26at 26”” mercury vacuum for 1 minute. Slowly mercury vacuum for 1 minute. Slowly remove vacuum. Let puck set in water for 5remove vacuum. Let puck set in water for 5--10 10 minutes (if this is omitted, QA & QC may not minutes (if this is omitted, QA & QC may not compare)compare)
Check saturationCheck saturation Repeat as necessary Repeat as necessary
If the saturation is greater than 80%, puck is If the saturation is greater than 80%, puck is considered destroyed and must be discarded.considered destroyed and must be discarded.
98
AA
SH
TO
T-2
83
T-2
83 R
ev3
-24-0
4E
xam
ple
.xls
Mix
Num
be
rE
xam
ple
Gm
m =
2.4
76
Gm
b W
ork
sheet
Dry
Subse
tW
et S
ub
set
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Weig
ht in
air (
g)
[A]
37
25.8
3749.7
3755.1
3822.4
3759.7
36
92.3
SS
D W
eig
ht (g
) [B
]37
35.6
3761.0
3765.0
3833.5
3770.7
37
07.9
Weig
ht in
wate
r (g
) [C
]21
14.3
2135.9
2140.2
2180.0
2144.3
20
94.9
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[
t]9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Volu
me (
cm3)
[B -
C]
162
11
625
1625
1654
16
26
[B-C
]
Gm
b [A
/ (
B -
C)]
2.2
98
2.3
07
2.3
11
2.3
12
2.3
12
A/[B
-C]
% A
ir V
oid
s[P
a]
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.6
100
[Gm
m-G
mb]/
Gm
mD
ry v
olu
me o
f air (
cm3)[
Va]
117
111
10
8110
108
Pa[B
-C]/
100
Ave
rage %
Air
Void
sD
ry6
.9W
et
Ove
rall
TS
R W
ork
shee
tD
ry S
ubse
tW
et S
ub
set
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[
t]9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Max.
Loa
d (
lbs )
[P]
385
23
601
3761
1564
15
17
11
97
Ind. T
ens.
Str
.:IT
S (
psi
)*111
104
10
844
44
6.4
516
*2P
/3.1
415tD
* F
or
15.0
cm
dia
mete
r sp
eci
men[D
] V
acu
um
SS
D W
t. (
g)[
B']
3902.9
3846.0
37
87.3
Avg
. W
et IT
S (
psi
)[S
wet]
W
eig
ht in
air
(g)[
A]
3822.4
3759.7
Avg
. D
ry I
TS
(psi
)[S
dry
]108
Vol.
Abso
rb H
2O
(cm
3)[
J']
81
86
B'-A
TS
R (
%)[
10
0S
wet/S
dry
] D
ry v
olu
me o
f air (
cm3)[
Va]
110
108
70%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3899
38
35
A+
0.7
Va
AV
G80%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3910
38
46
A+
0.8
Va
Air V
oid
s (%
)
%
Satu
ratio
n73
80
100
J'/V
a
Dry
Subse
t %
Air
6.9
in.
Hg
22
23
23
Wet S
ubse
t %
Air
Tim
e (
min
)8
88
Satu
ratio
n (
%)
in.
Hg
25
26
24
Tim
e (
min
)1
11
Dry
Subse
t
Tim
e in
25 C
wate
rbath
1h 5
0m
1h
55
m2h
(
2 h
rs ±
10 m
in)
Wet S
ub
set
NO
TE
: S
haded
cells
indic
ate
Tim
e in
Fre
eze
r19h 4
4m
19h 1
6m
18h 5
4m
c
ells
needin
g in
put
valu
es
(Min
imu
m 1
6 h
rs)
Tim
e in
60 C
wate
rbath
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
(
24
± 1
hrs
)
Test
Tim
e12
/22/2
00
31
2/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12
/22
/200
3
5:2
5 P
M5:3
0 P
M5:3
5 P
M4:2
0 P
M4
:25
PM
4:3
0 P
M
100
DAY 2, ContDAY 2, Cont’’d. Wet Pucksd. Wet Pucks When saturation is 70When saturation is 70--
80%, wrap the pucks in 80%, wrap the pucks in plastic, place in bag with plastic, place in bag with 10cc water, seal, and place 10cc water, seal, and place in freezer at in freezer at --18 18 ±± 3 3 °°CC for for at least 16 hrs.at least 16 hrs. Verify Verify temperature throughout the temperature throughout the freezer.freezer.
Do not allow specimens to Do not allow specimens to drain after saturation but drain after saturation but prior to freezingprior to freezing
101
TSRTSR--UnconditionedUnconditioned(Dry Pucks)(Dry Pucks)
Conditioned pucks
Rice
Unconditioned pucks
102
DAY 2 DAY 2 Dry PucksDry Pucks
Let the 3 unconditioned pucks air dry at Let the 3 unconditioned pucks air dry at room temperature for 24 room temperature for 24 ±± 3 hrs until 3 hrs until Day 3Day 3
CAUTION: If tested damp, this may CAUTION: If tested damp, this may change indirect tensile strength (and change indirect tensile strength (and TSR)TSR)
103
DAY 3DAY 3Dry PucksDry Pucks
Bag the 3 unconditioned pucks, place in water bath Bag the 3 unconditioned pucks, place in water bath at 25 at 25 ±± 0.5 C for 2 hrs 0.5 C for 2 hrs ±± 10 min. Indirect tensile 10 min. Indirect tensile strength is very sensitive to temperaturestrength is very sensitive to temperature
104
BAGGING/STANDARD BAGGING/STANDARD TEMPERATURE PROCEDURETEMPERATURE PROCEDURE
Place each Place each ““drydry”” puck into a heavypuck into a heavy--duty duty leakleak--proof plastic bagproof plastic bag
Submerge in the water bath; pucks Submerge in the water bath; pucks covered by at least 1 in. of water. covered by at least 1 in. of water. Creation of an air bath within the water Creation of an air bath within the water bath may not give equivalent resultsbath may not give equivalent results
Remove pucks from water, determine Remove pucks from water, determine puck thickness (t)puck thickness (t)
105
DETERMINE THICKNESSDETERMINE THICKNESS
Use a calipersUse a calipersoror
Use puck height from gyro printoutUse puck height from gyro printout
106
DAY 3, ContDAY 3, Cont’’d. Dry Pucksd. Dry Pucks
Test for indirect Test for indirect tensile strength (Stensile strength (S11):):
Apply load at 2Apply load at 2”” travel travel per minute.per minute.
Record maximum load.Record maximum load.
107
CALCULATIONS:CALCULATIONS:DRY TENSILE STRENGTHDRY TENSILE STRENGTH
Calculate dry indirect tensile Calculate dry indirect tensile strength, Sstrength, S11 (psi):(psi):
2 P2 PSS11==--------------------------------
ΠΠtDtDP= load (lbs)P= load (lbs)t=dry puck thickness (in.)t=dry puck thickness (in.)D= puck diameter (6 in.)D= puck diameter (6 in.)
108
ORORUsing metric puck Using metric puck measurements:measurements:
Indirect Tensile Strength Indirect Tensile Strength ““DryDry”” ,S,S11 (psi)(psi)
P = load (lbs)P = load (lbs)t = puck thickness (cm)t = puck thickness (cm)D = puck diameter (15.0 cm)D = puck diameter (15.0 cm)
45166xP2
S1 . D t
109
AASHTO T-283 T-283 Rev3-24-04Example.xls
Mix Number Example Gmm = 2.476
Gmb Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Weight in air (g) [A] 3725.8 3749.7 3755.1 3822.4 3759.7 3692.3
SSD Weight (g) [B] 3735.6 3761.0 3765.0 3833.5 3770.7 3707.9
Weight in water (g) [C] 2114.3 2135.9 2140.2 2180.0 2144.3 2094.9
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Volume (cm3) [B - C] 1621 1625 1625 1654 1626 [B-C]
Gmb [A / (B - C)] 2.298 2.307 2.311 2.312 2.312 A/[B-C]
% Air Voids [Pa] 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 100[Gmm-Gmb]/GmmDry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 117 111 108 110 108 Pa[B-C]/100
Average % Air Voids Dry 6.9 Wet
Overall
TSR Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Max. Load (lbs) [P] 3852 3601 3761 1564 1517 1197Ind. Tens. Str.:ITS (psi)* 111 104 108 44 44 6.4516*2P/3.1415tD
* For 15.0 cm diameter specimen[D] Vacuum SSD Wt. (g)[B'] 3902.9 3846.0 3787.3
Avg. Wet ITS (psi)[Swet] Weight in air (g)[A] 3822.4 3759.7Avg. Dry ITS (psi)[Sdry] 108 Vol. Absorb H2O (cm3)[J'] 81 86 B'-A
TSR (%)[100Swet/Sdry] Dry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 110 108
70% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3899 3835 A+0.7Va
AVG 80% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3910 3846 A+0.8Va
Air Voids (%) % Saturation 73 80 100J'/Va
Dry Subset %Air 6.9 in. Hg 22 23 23
Wet Subset %Air Time (min) 8 8 8
Saturation (%) in. Hg 25 26 24
Time (min) 1 1 1
Dry Subset
Time in 25 C waterbath 1h 50m 1h 55m 2h
(2 hrs ± 10 min)
Wet Subset
NOTE: Shaded cells indicate Time in Freezer 19h 44m 19h 16m 18h 54m
cells needing input values (Minimum 16 hrs)
Time in 60 C waterbath 23h 30m 23h 30m 23h 30m
(24 ± 1 hrs)
Test Time 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003
5:25 PM 5:30 PM 5:35 PM 4:20 PM 4:25 PM 4:30 PM
110
DAY 3, cont.(Wet Pucks)DAY 3, cont.(Wet Pucks) Remove the pucks from bag and place pucks Remove the pucks from bag and place pucks
in a water bath at 60 in a water bath at 60 ±± 1 C for 24 1 C for 24 ±± 1 hr. 1 hr. Unwrap cling film as soon as the film thaws. Unwrap cling film as soon as the film thaws.
111
DAY 4: Wet PucksDAY 4: Wet PucksPlace pucks in water bath at 25 Place pucks in water bath at 25 ±± 0.5 C 0.5 C for 2 hrs for 2 hrs ±± 10 min. Bath must be at 10 min. Bath must be at temp no later than 15 min. after placing temp no later than 15 min. after placing hot pucks. Use ice to help achieve this.hot pucks. Use ice to help achieve this.
109
AA
SH
TO
T-2
83
T-2
83 R
ev3
-24-0
4E
xam
ple
.xls
Mix
Num
ber
Exa
mple
Gm
m =
2.4
76
Gm
b W
ork
sheet
Dry
Subse
tW
et S
ubse
t
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Weig
ht in
air (
g)
[A]
3725.8
3749.7
3755.1
3822.4
3759.7
3692.3
SS
D W
eig
ht (g
) [B
]3735.6
3761.0
3765.0
3833.5
3770.7
3707.9
Weig
ht in
wate
r (g
) [C
]2114.3
2135.9
2140.2
2180.0
2144.3
2094.9
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[t]
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Volu
me (
cm3)
[B -
C]
1621
1625
1625
1654
1626
[B-C
]
Gm
b [A
/ (
B -
C)]
2.2
98
2.3
07
2.3
11
2.3
12
2.3
12
A/[B
-C]
% A
ir V
oid
s[P
a]
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.6
100[G
mm
-Gm
b]/G
mm
Dry
volu
me o
f air (
cm3)[
Va]
117
111
108
110
108
Pa[B
-C]/100
Ave
rage %
Air V
oid
sD
ry6.9
Wet
Ove
rall
TS
R W
ork
sheet
Dry
Subse
tW
et S
ubse
t
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[t]
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Max.
Load (
lbs )
[P]
3852
3601
3761
1564
1517
1197
Ind. T
ens.
Str
.:IT
S (
psi
)*111
104
108
44
44
6.4
516*2
P/3
.1415tD
* F
or
15.0
cm
dia
mete
r sp
eci
men[D
] V
acu
um
SS
D W
t. (
g)[
B']
3902.9
3846.0
3787.3
Avg
. W
et IT
S (
psi
)[S
wet]
W
eig
ht in
air (
g)[
A]
3822.4
3759.7
Avg
. D
ry IT
S (
psi
)[S
dry
]108
Vol.
Abso
rb H
2O
(cm
3)[
J']
81
86
B'-A
TS
R (
%)[
100S
wet/S
dry
] D
ry v
olu
me o
f air (
cm3)[
Va]
110
108
70%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3899
3835
A+
0.7
Va
AV
G80%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3910
3846
A+
0.8
Va
Air V
oid
s (%
) %
Satu
ratio
n73
80
100J'
/Va
Dry
Subse
t %
Air
6.9
in. H
g22
23
23
Wet S
ubse
t %
Air
Tim
e (
min
)8
88
Satu
ratio
n (
%)
in. H
g25
26
24
Tim
e (
min
)1
11
Dry
Subse
t
Tim
e in
25 C
wate
rbath
1h 5
0m
1h 5
5m
2h
(
2 h
rs ±
10 m
in)
Wet S
ubse
t
NO
TE
: S
haded c
ells
indic
ate
T
ime in
Fre
eze
r19h 4
4m
19h 1
6m
18h 5
4m
c
ells
needin
g in
put va
lues
(M
inim
um
16 h
rs)
Tim
e in
60 C
wate
rbath
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
(
24 ±
1 h
rs)
Test
Tim
e12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
5:2
5 P
M5:3
0 P
M5:3
5 P
M4:2
0 P
M4:2
5 P
M4:3
0 P
M
112
DAY 4, ContDAY 4, Cont’’d. (Wet Pucks)d. (Wet Pucks)
Measure puck Measure puck thickness (tthickness (t’’))
Test for Test for indirect indirect tensile tensile strength (Sstrength (S22))
113
Indirect Tensile TestingIndirect Tensile Testing
114
CALCULATIONSCALCULATIONSWET TENSILE STRENGTHWET TENSILE STRENGTH
Calculate wet indirect tensile Calculate wet indirect tensile strength, Sstrength, S22 (psi):(psi):
2 P2 PSS22==--------------------------------
ΠΠtt’’DDP= load (lbs)P= load (lbs)tt’’=wet puck thickness (in.)=wet puck thickness (in.)D= puck diameter (6 in.)D= puck diameter (6 in.)
115
ORORUsing metric puck Using metric puck measurements:measurements:
Wet indirect tensile strength, SWet indirect tensile strength, S22 (psi)(psi)
P = load (lbs)P = load (lbs)t = puck thickness (cm)t = puck thickness (cm)D = puck diameter (15.0 cm)D = puck diameter (15.0 cm)
22
6.4516 t D
PS x
116
AASHTO T-283 T-283 Rev3-24-04Example.xls
Mix Number Example Gmm = 2.476
Gmb Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Weight in air (g) [A] 3725.8 3749.7 3755.1 3822.4 3759.7 3692.3
SSD Weight (g) [B] 3735.6 3761.0 3765.0 3833.5 3770.7 3707.9
Weight in water (g) [C] 2114.3 2135.9 2140.2 2180.0 2144.3 2094.9
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Volume (cm3) [B - C] 1621 1625 1625 1654 1626 [B-C]
Gmb [A / (B - C)] 2.298 2.307 2.311 2.312 2.312 A/[B-C]
% Air Voids [Pa] 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 100[Gmm-Gmb]/GmmDry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 117 111 108 110 108 Pa[B-C]/100
Average % Air Voids Dry 6.9 Wet
Overall
TSR Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Max. Load (lbs) [P] 3852 3601 3761 1564 1517 1197Ind. Tens. Str.:ITS (psi)* 111 104 108 44 44 6.4516*2P/3.1415tD
* For 15.0 cm diameter specimen[D] Vacuum SSD Wt. (g)[B'] 3902.9 3846.0 3787.3
Avg. Wet ITS (psi)[Swet] Weight in air (g)[A] 3822.4 3759.7Avg. Dry ITS (psi)[Sdry] 108 Vol. Absorb H2O (cm3)[J'] 81 86 B'-A
TSR (%)[100Swet/Sdry] Dry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 110 108
70% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3899 3835 A+0.7Va
AVG 80% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3910 3846 A+0.8Va
Air Voids (%) % Saturation 73 80 100J'/Va
Dry Subset %Air 6.9 in. Hg 22 23 23
Wet Subset %Air Time (min) 8 8 8
Saturation (%) in. Hg 25 26 24
Time (min) 1 1 1
Dry Subset
Time in 25 C waterbath 1h 50m 1h 55m 2h
(2 hrs ± 10 min)
Wet Subset
NOTE: Shaded cells indicate Time in Freezer 19h 44m 19h 16m 18h 54m
cells needing input values (Minimum 16 hrs)
Time in 60 C waterbath 23h 30m 23h 30m 23h 30m
(24 ± 1 hrs)
Test Time 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003
5:25 PM 5:30 PM 5:35 PM 4:20 PM 4:25 PM 4:30 PM
117
CALCULATIONS: TSRCALCULATIONS: TSR Calculate TSR:Calculate TSR:
SS22
TSR=TSR=--------------------------x100x100SS11
SS22=average of conditioned (wet) pucks =average of conditioned (wet) pucks tensile strengthtensile strength
SS11=average of unconditioned (dry) =average of unconditioned (dry) pucks tensile strengthpucks tensile strength
116
AA
SH
TO
T-2
83
T-2
83 R
ev3
-24-0
4E
xam
ple
.xls
Mix
Num
ber
Exa
mple
Gm
m =
2.4
76
Gm
b W
ork
sheet
Dry
Subse
tW
et S
ubse
t
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Weig
ht in
air (
g)
[A]
3725.8
3749.7
3755.1
3822.4
3759.7
3692.3
SS
D W
eig
ht (g
) [B
]3735.6
3761.0
3765.0
3833.5
3770.7
3707.9
Weig
ht in
wate
r (g
) [C
]2114.3
2135.9
2140.2
2180.0
2144.3
2094.9
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[
t]9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Volu
me (
cm3)
[B -
C]
1621
1625
1625
1654
1626
[B-C
]
Gm
b [A
/ (
B -
C)]
2.2
98
2.3
07
2.3
11
2.3
12
2.3
12
A/[B
-C]
% A
ir V
oid
s[P
a]
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.6
100[G
mm
-Gm
b]/G
mm
Dry
volu
me o
f a
ir (
cm3)[
Va]
117
111
108
110
108
Pa[B
-C]/100
Ave
rage %
Air V
oid
sD
ry6.9
Wet
Ove
rall
TS
R W
ork
sheet
Dry
Subse
tW
et S
ubse
t
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[
t]9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Max.
Load (
lbs )
[P]
3852
3601
3761
1564
1517
1197
Ind. T
ens.
Str
.:IT
S (
psi
)*111
104
108
44
44
6.4
516*2
P/3
.1415tD
* F
or
15.0
cm
dia
mete
r sp
eci
men[D
] V
acu
um
SS
D W
t. (
g)[
B']
3902.9
3846.0
3787.3
Avg
. W
et IT
S (
psi
)[S
wet]
W
eig
ht in
air (
g)[
A]
3822.4
3759.7
Avg
. D
ry IT
S (
psi
)[S
dry
]108
Vol.
Abso
rb H
2O
(cm
3)[
J']
81
86
B'-A
TS
R (
%)[
100S
wet/S
dry
] D
ry v
olu
me o
f air (
cm3)[
Va]
110
108
70%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3899
3835
A+
0.7
Va
AV
G80%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3910
3846
A+
0.8
Va
Air V
oid
s (%
) %
Satu
ratio
n73
80
100J'
/Va
Dry
Subse
t %
Air
6.9
in. H
g22
23
23
Wet S
ubse
t %
Air
Tim
e (
min
)8
88
Satu
ratio
n (
%)
in. H
g25
26
24
Tim
e (
min
)1
11
Dry
Subse
t
Tim
e in
25 C
wate
rbath
1h 5
0m
1h 5
5m
2h
(
2 h
rs ±
10 m
in)
Wet S
ubse
t
NO
TE
: S
haded c
ells
indic
ate
T
ime in
Fre
eze
r19h 4
4m
19h 1
6m
18h 5
4m
c
ells
needin
g in
put va
lues
(M
inim
um
16 h
rs)
Tim
e in
60 C
wate
rbath
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
(
24 ±
1 h
rs)
Test
Tim
e12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
5:2
5 P
M5:3
0 P
M5:3
5 P
M4:2
0 P
M4:2
5 P
M4:3
0 P
M
118
AASHTO T-283 T-283 Rev3-24-04Example.xls
Mix Number Example Gmm = 2.476
Gmb Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Weight in air (g) [A] 3725.8 3749.7 3755.1 3822.4 3759.7 3692.3
SSD Weight (g) [B] 3735.6 3761.0 3765.0 3833.5 3770.7 3707.9
Weight in water (g) [C] 2114.3 2135.9 2140.2 2180.0 2144.3 2094.9
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Volume (cm3) [B - C] 1621 1625 1625 1654 1626 [B-C]
Gmb [A / (B - C)] 2.298 2.307 2.311 2.312 2.312 A/[B-C]
% Air Voids [Pa] 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.6 100[Gmm-Gmb]/GmmDry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 117 111 108 110 108 Pa[B-C]/100
Average % Air Voids Dry 6.9 Wet
Overall
TSR Worksheet Dry Subset Wet Subset
Specimen # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Height (0.1 cm) [t] 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.5
Max. Load (lbs) [P] 3852 3601 3761 1564 1517 1197Ind. Tens. Str.:ITS (psi)* 111 104 108 44 44 6.4516*2P/3.1415tD
* For 15.0 cm diameter specimen[D] Vacuum SSD Wt. (g)[B'] 3902.9 3846.0 3787.3
Avg. Wet ITS (psi)[Swet] Weight in air (g)[A] 3822.4 3759.7Avg. Dry ITS (psi)[Sdry] 108 Vol. Absorb H2O (cm3)[J'] 81 86 B'-A
TSR (%)[100Swet/Sdry] Dry volume of air (cm3)[Va] 110 108
70% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3899 3835 A+0.7Va
AVG 80% Sat. (Target VSSD) 3910 3846 A+0.8Va
Air Voids (%) % Saturation 73 80 100J'/Va
Dry Subset %Air 6.9 in. Hg 22 23 23
Wet Subset %Air Time (min) 8 8 8
Saturation (%) in. Hg 25 26 24
Time (min) 1 1 1
Dry Subset
Time in 25 C waterbath 1h 50m 1h 55m 2h
(2 hrs ± 10 min)
Wet Subset
NOTE: Shaded cells indicate Time in Freezer 19h 44m 19h 16m 18h 54m
cells needing input values (Minimum 16 hrs)
Time in 60 C waterbath 23h 30m 23h 30m 23h 30m
(24 ± 1 hrs)
Test Time 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003 12/22/2003
5:25 PM 5:30 PM 5:35 PM 4:20 PM 4:25 PM 4:30 PM
119
SUSPECTED STRENGTH SUSPECTED STRENGTH OUTLIEROUTLIER
If attributable to an air void content different If attributable to an air void content different from other 2 pucks, leave in the setfrom other 2 pucks, leave in the set
If a mystery, calculate if statistically is an If a mystery, calculate if statistically is an outlier (ASTM E178)outlier (ASTM E178)--if so, pitch and do one of if so, pitch and do one of the following:the following: Substitute another puck if compacted extra pucksSubstitute another puck if compacted extra pucks Test a new set of 3Test a new set of 3 Go with 2 pucks in the setGo with 2 pucks in the set Prepare and test a substitute puckPrepare and test a substitute puck------must be assured must be assured
that the material is the same as what was used for that the material is the same as what was used for the other pucksthe other pucks
120
INSPECTINSPECT Rate the degree of moisture damage on Rate the degree of moisture damage on
a scale of 0 to 5, with 5 being the a scale of 0 to 5, with 5 being the greatest amount of strippinggreatest amount of stripping
118
AA
SH
TO
T-2
83
T-2
83 R
ev3
-24-0
4E
xam
ple
.xls
Mix
Num
ber
Exa
mple
Gm
m =
2.4
76
Gm
b W
ork
sheet
Dry
Subse
tW
et S
ubse
t
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Weig
ht in
air
(g)
[A]
3725.8
3749.7
3755.1
3822.4
3759.7
3692.3
SS
D W
eig
ht
(g)
[B]
3735.6
3761.0
3765.0
3833.5
3770.7
3707.9
Weig
ht
in w
ate
r (g
) [C
]2114.3
2135.9
2140.2
2180.0
2144.3
2094.9
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[
t]9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Volu
me (
cm3)
[B -
C]
1621
1625
1625
1654
1626
[B-C
]
Gm
b [A
/ (
B -
C)]
2.2
98
2.3
07
2.3
11
2.3
12
2.3
12
A/[B
-C]
% A
ir V
oid
s[P
a]
7.2
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.6
100[G
mm
-Gm
b]/G
mm
Dry
volu
me o
f air
(cm
3)[
Va]
117
111
108
110
108
Pa[B
-C]/100
Ave
rage %
Air
Void
sD
ry6.9
Wet
Ove
rall
TS
R W
ork
sheet
Dry
Subse
tW
et S
ubse
t
Speci
men #
12
34
56
Heig
ht (0
.1 c
m)[
t]9.5
9.5
9.5
9.7
9.5
9.5
Max.
Load (
lbs )
[P]
3852
3601
3761
1564
1517
1197
Ind. T
ens.
Str
.:IT
S (
psi
)*111
104
108
44
44
6.4
516*2
P/3
.1415tD
* F
or
15.0
cm
dia
mete
r sp
eci
men[D
] V
acu
um
SS
D W
t. (
g)[
B']
3902.9
3846.0
3787.3
Avg
. W
et IT
S (
psi
)[S
wet]
W
eig
ht in
air
(g)[
A]
3822.4
3759.7
Avg
. D
ry IT
S (
psi
)[S
dry
]108
Vol.
Abso
rb H
2O
(cm
3)[
J']
81
86
B'-A
TS
R (
%)[
100S
wet/S
dry
] D
ry v
olu
me o
f air (
cm3)[
Va]
110
108
70%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3899
3835
A+
0.7
Va
AV
G80%
Sat. (
Targ
et V
SS
D)
3910
3846
A+
0.8
Va
Air
Void
s (%
) %
Satu
ratio
n73
80
100J'
/Va
Dry
Subse
t %
Air
6.9
in. H
g22
23
23
Wet S
ubse
t %
Air
Tim
e (
min
)8
88
Satu
ratio
n (
%)
in. H
g25
26
24
Tim
e (
min
)1
11
Dry
Subse
t
Tim
e in
25 C
wate
rbath
1h 5
0m
1h 5
5m
2h
(
2 h
rs ±
10 m
in)
Wet S
ubse
t
NO
TE
: S
haded c
ells
indic
ate
T
ime in
Fre
eze
r19h 4
4m
19h 1
6m
18h 5
4m
c
ells
needin
g in
put va
lues
(M
inim
um
16 h
rs)
Tim
e in
60 C
wate
rbath
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
23h 3
0m
(
24 ±
1 h
rs)
Test
Tim
e12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
12/2
2/2
003
5:2
5 P
M5:3
0 P
M5:3
5 P
M4:2
0 P
M4:2
5 P
M4:3
0 P
M
121
SCOPESCOPE
BackgroundBackground TSR Role in QC/QATSR Role in QC/QA SamplingSampling Test procedureTest procedure Field verificationField verification
122
REPORTINGREPORTING
Report TSR to the nearest whole %Report TSR to the nearest whole %
123
COMPARISON: QC TO QACOMPARISON: QC TO QATSRTSR --favorable comparison is when favorable comparison is when
QA and QC results are within 10% QA and QC results are within 10% of each other. of each other.
If the difference is 5 to 10%, TSRIf the difference is 5 to 10%, TSR’’s s are evaluated by MoDOT field are evaluated by MoDOT field office.office.
If difference is >10%, initiate If difference is >10%, initiate dispute resolutiondispute resolution
QC and QA retained samples should QC and QA retained samples should be kept for extended periodsbe kept for extended periods
124
COMMON ERRORSCOMMON ERRORS Shaking saturated puck to Shaking saturated puck to ““adjustadjust””
saturated masssaturated mass Using pucks out of the acceptable air Using pucks out of the acceptable air
void range.void range. Water tank temperature not Water tank temperature not
maintained.maintained. Using puck that has been over or under Using puck that has been over or under
saturated instead of discarding or saturated instead of discarding or applying additional vacuum.applying additional vacuum.
125
COMMON ERRORS, contCOMMON ERRORS, cont’’d.d.
Using incorrect maximum specific Using incorrect maximum specific gravity to calculate voids and % gravity to calculate voids and % saturation.saturation.
Specimen in water bath for the Specimen in water bath for the incorrect amount of time.incorrect amount of time.
Not cleaning breaking apparatus when Not cleaning breaking apparatus when dirty.dirty.
Not annually verifying breaking machine.Not annually verifying breaking machine.
126
COMMON ERRORS, contCOMMON ERRORS, cont’’d.d. Not molding specimens at correct Not molding specimens at correct
temperature.temperature. Not aging lab specimens the correct time Not aging lab specimens the correct time
& temperature (lab mixed only)& temperature (lab mixed only) Not adding 10 ml of water prior to Not adding 10 ml of water prior to
freezing freezing Allowing specimens to drain after Allowing specimens to drain after
saturation but prior to freezing.saturation but prior to freezing.
127
COMMON ERRORS, contCOMMON ERRORS, cont’’d.d.
Using vacuum out of allowable range.Using vacuum out of allowable range. Not allowing specimen to "rest" 5Not allowing specimen to "rest" 5--10 10
minutes after vacuum period.minutes after vacuum period. Exceeding time of vacuumExceeding time of vacuum Not airNot air--drying bulked unconditioned drying bulked unconditioned
pucks for 24 hrs prior to breakingpucks for 24 hrs prior to breaking Sample contaminated with dust, release Sample contaminated with dust, release
agent overspray, etc.agent overspray, etc.
128
COMMON ERRORS, contCOMMON ERRORS, cont’’d.d.
Improper filling of sample into boxesImproper filling of sample into boxes Improper mixing and splitting Improper mixing and splitting
proceduresprocedures Multiple mixture reMultiple mixture re--warmingswarmings Testing pucks at extreme ends of Testing pucks at extreme ends of
allowable range of voids [6.5, 7.5] may allowable range of voids [6.5, 7.5] may result in poor QC/QA comparisonresult in poor QC/QA comparison
Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to Moisture-Induced Damage:
Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR): Field-Mixed, Laboratory-Compacted Specimens
(AASHTO T 283-07) 1. Every 10,000 tons, obtain a loose mix field sample to produce a Rice specific gravity
test sample (AASHTO T 209) and 6 TSR pucks that will be 150 mm (6) in diameter and 95 5 mm thick after compaction. For QC, approximately 75 pounds of mix will be required for the field sample. QC should obtain an additional 125 pounds to be retained for QA testing. For QA, a 125 lb sample should be sent to MoDOT Central Lab, and an additional 125 lb sample should be retained.
2. Reduce the field sample (AASHTO T 328) into previously determined test sample sizes based on the specific mix.
3. Place each TSR loose mix sample in an oven until it reaches the required compaction temperature 3C ( 5F).
4. Compact the TSR specimens to 7.0 0.5 % air voids (6.0 0.5% for SMA). 5. Store at room temperature for 24 3 hours. 6. For each puck, obtain the thickness, t, (ASTM D 3549 or from gyro printout) and Gmb
(AASHTO T 166).
mbA
GB C
A = Dry mass of specimen in air (g) B = Saturated, surface-dry (SSD) mass of specimen (g) C = Mass of specimen in water (g)
7. Having obtained Gmm for the associated Rice specific gravity test sample, calculate the percent air voids, Pa, for each puck.
mm mb
amm
G GP 1
G00
8. Group the 6 pucks into 2 groups of 3 pucks each such that the average Pa of each
group is approximately equal. Designate one group as “dry” or non-conditioned and the other group as “conditioned” (wet).
9. “DRY” GROUP TSR TESTING:
9.1. After determining Gmb, store the pucks (at room temp) for 24 3 hours. 9.2. Place each dry (non-conditioned) puck in a heavy-duty, leak-proof plastic bag.
Place each bagged puck in a water bath set at 25 0.5C (77 1F) for 2 hours 10 minutes, being sure that the pucks are covered by at least 1 of water.
TSR Procedure Rev 11-17-10.doc
9.3. Remove the puck(s) from the 25 0.5C bath, determine thickness, t, and immediately test for indirect tensile strength. [See item #11 below].
10. “CONDITIONED” GROUP TSR TESTING:
10.1. Place each puck in a vacuum container (e.g. dessicator) supported at least 1 from the bottom by a perforated plate. Using potable water, fill the container until the puck is covered by at least 1 of water.
10.2. Apply a vacuum of 23 of mercury (Hg) partial (gauge) pressure for 8 minutes. 10.3. During this vacuuming period, prepare for saturation determination by placing
a sheet of cling film on a balance and then zeroing the balance. 10.4. At the end of the 8 minutes, gradually remove the vacuum and let the puck
set in the water for 5-10 minutes. 10.5. Remove the puck from the vacuum container, quickly surface-dry with a damp
cloth, and place the puck on the cling film. Record the saturated, surface-dry (SSD) weight of the puck and calculate the degree of saturation based on the volume of absorbed water as a percentage of the volume of air voids.
E B C
E = Volume of specimen (cm3) [Note: B & C are obtained during Gmb determination]
a
aP E
V100
Va = Volume of air voids (cm3) Pa = Percent air voids (%)
J B A J = Volume of absorbed water (cm3) B = SSD mass of specimen after vacuum saturation (g) [Note: A is obtained during Gmb determination]
a
100 J%Sat
V
10.6. If the degree of saturation is 70-80%, wrap the puck in the cling film
(preserving any moisture that had drained from the puck) and place it in a plastic bag containing 10 0.5 ml of water, and seal the bag. If the saturation level is less than 70%, return the puck to the vacuum container, increase the vacuum to 26 Hg partial pressure and run at 1-minute intervals (always letting the puck set in the water 5-10 minutes after removal of vacuum) until the saturation requirement is satisfied.
TSR Procedure Rev 11-17-10.doc
Note: when returning the puck to the vacuum chamber, inversion of the puck from the original orientation may facilitate additional air removal and is not disallowed by T 283.
If saturation is greater than 80%, the test is invalid and the puck must be discarded.
10.7. As soon as possible, place the plastic bag containing the puck in a freezer at -18 3C (0 5F) for a minimum of 16 hours.
10.8. Upon removing the pucks from the freezer, immediately place them in a water bath set at 60 1C (140 2F) for 24 1 hour. As soon as possible, remove the cling film from around the puck. There should always be at least 1 of water over the pucks.
10.9. Remove the pucks from the 60 1C bath and place in a 25 0.5C for 2 hours 10 minutes, again assuring at least 1 of water over the pucks. It may be necessary to use ice to moderate the bath water temperature. No more than 15 minutes should be required to bring the bath water temperature to 25 0.5C.
10.10. Upon removal of each puck, determine thickness, t, and immediately test for indirect tensile strength. [See item #11 below].
11. INDIRECT TENSILE TESTING:
11.1. Place the puck between the steel loading strips of the breaking head taking care that the loading strips are diametrically opposed to one another; i.e. the load is applied along the diameter of the puck.
11.2. Place the breaking head into the testing machine. 11.3. Apply the load to the breaking head such that a constant rate of movement
equal to 50 mm (2) per minute is achieved. This is the same load rate as in Marshall testing.
11.4. Record the maximum load and continue loading until a crack is formed along the diameter of the puck.
11.5. Pull the puck apart and visually inspect the interior surface. Check for cracked or broken aggregate and rate the general degree of moisture damage on a scale from 0 to 5, with 5 being the greatest amount of stripping. Record your observations.
TSR Procedure Rev 11-17-10.doc
12. CALCULATIONS:
12.1. Calculate the tensile strength as follows:
2 P
St D
S = Tensile strength (psi)
P = Maximum load (lbs) t = Puck thickness for “dry” specimen (in.) t = Puck thickness for “conditioned” specimen (in.) D = Puck diameter (in.)
12.2. Calculate the tensile strength ratio, TSR, to 2 decimal places as follows:
(conditioned)
(dry)
STSR
S
S(conditioned) = Average tensile strength of conditioned subset
S(dry) = Average tensile strength of dry subset Express TSR as a percentage to the nearest whole number
TSR Procedure Rev 11-17-10.doc