MO

DIS

Im

agery

and

MO

DIS

Im

agery

and

Pro

ducts

in a

n O

pera

tional

Pro

ducts

in a

n O

pera

tional

Fore

casting E

nvironm

ent

Fore

casting E

nvironm

ent

Jordan Joel Gerth

Jordan Joel Gerth

Cooperative Institute for

Cooperative Institute for

Meteorological Satellite Studies

Meteorological Satellite Studies

and

and

Space Science and Engineering Center

Space Science and Engineering Center

University of Wisconsin at Madison

University of Wisconsin at Madison

Wednesday, November 1, 2006

Wednesday, November 1, 2006

Overv

iew

Overv

iew

��Participating Offices

Participating Offices

��AWIPS D

AWIPS D--2D2D

��Types of Im

agery and Products

Types of Im

agery and Products

��Processing and Delivery Mechanism

Processing and Delivery Mechanism

��Hurdles

Hurdles

��Most and Least Used

Most and Least Used

��Strengths and Weaknesses

Strengths and Weaknesses

��Value to Forecaster

Value to Forecaster

Overv

iew

Overv

iew

��There is an ongoing two

There is an ongoing two--pronged effort in

pronged effort in

support of providing MODIS data to the

support of providing MODIS data to the

National Weather Service:

National Weather Service:

••MSFC SPORT project

MSFC SPORT project --Short

Short--term

Prediction

term

Prediction

Research and Transition Center whose goal is

Research and Transition Center whose goal is

to use NASA Earth Science Enterprise (ESE)

to use NASA Earth Science Enterprise (ESE)

observations to improve short term

(0

observations to improve short term

(0--24hr)

24hr)

forecasts. They are using University of

forecasts. They are using University of

Wisconsin

Wisconsin--Madison DB MODIS and AMSR

Madison DB MODIS and AMSR--E E

products for distribution to forecast offices in

products for distribution to forecast offices in

the Southern Region.

the Southern Region.

••UW

UW--Madison

Madison --Supporting NWS MODIS Direct

Supporting NWS MODIS Direct

Broadcast data delivery into AWIPS for the

Broadcast data delivery into AWIPS for the

Central Region forecast offices.

Central Region forecast offices.

Instructions A

vaila

ble

Onlin

eIn

structions A

vaila

ble

Onlin

ehttp://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/~jordang/awips-m

odis/

Partic

ipating O

ffic

es

Partic

ipating O

ffic

es

Current

Current

��Davenport, Iowa (DVN)

Davenport, Iowa (DVN)

��La Crosse, Wisconsin (ARX)

La Crosse, Wisconsin (ARX)

��Milwaukee/Sullivan, Wisconsin (MKX)

Milwaukee/Sullivan, Wisconsin (MKX)

��Riverton, Wyoming (RIW

)Riverton, Wyoming (RIW

)

Future

Future

��Des Moines, Iowa (DMX)

Des Moines, Iowa (DMX)

��More

More

AW

IPS

DA

WIP

S D

-- 2D

2D

��Advanced Weather Inform

ation

Advanced Weather Inform

ation

Processing System

Processing System

��Display Two

Display Two--Dimensions

Dimensions

��GUI; no command line

GUI; no command line

��One

One--stop mechanism for gathering

stop mechanism for gathering

and viewing all operational weather

and viewing all operational weather

data at National Weather Service

data at National Weather Service

field offices, including model data,

field offices, including model data,

satellite data, observations,

satellite data, observations,

lightning, local radar, etc.

lightning, local radar, etc.

AW

IPS

DA

WIP

S D

-- 2D

2D

Panes

Types o

f Im

agery

and P

roducts

Types o

f Im

agery

and P

roducts

��1 Kilometer Resolution

1 Kilometer Resolution

••Visible (Band 1)

Visible (Band 1)

••Snow/Ice (Band 7)

Snow/Ice (Band 7)

••Cirrus (Band 26)

Cirrus (Band 26)

••3.73.7µµm (Band 20)

m (Band 20)

••Water Vapor (Band 27)

Water Vapor (Band 27)

••IR Window (Band 31)

IR Window (Band 31)

••1111µµm

m ––

3.73.7µµm product

m product

Sam

ple

Im

ages

Sam

ple

Im

ages

3.7µµm Cirrus

Snow

Visible

Sam

ple

Im

ages

Sam

ple

Im

ages

WV

11µµm

m ––

3.73.7µµmm

IR

Types o

f Im

agery

and P

roducts

Types o

f Im

agery

and P

roducts

��4 Kilometer Resolution

4 Kilometer Resolution

••Total

Total Precipitable

PrecipitableWater (TPW)

Water (TPW)

••Cloud Phase (CTP)

Cloud Phase (CTP)

••Cloud Top Temperature (CTT)

Cloud Top Temperature (CTT)

��Marine (1 Kilometer)

Marine (1 Kilometer)

••Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

Two sets: eastern and western

Two sets: eastern and western

United States

United States

Sam

ple

Im

ages

Sam

ple

Im

ages

TPW

SST

(Daytime)

CTT

Pro

cessin

g M

echanis

mP

rocessin

g M

echanis

m

��Obtain a

Obtain a McIDAS

McIDAS(University of

(University of

Wisconsin Visualization Tool) area file

Wisconsin Visualization Tool) area file

of image or product

of image or product

��Fit to a predefined region used in

Fit to a predefined region used in

AWIPS (

AWIPS (eastConus

eastConus, , westConus

westConus))

��Zero

Zero--fill area of

fill area of NetCDF

NetCDFwhere there

where there

is no subset of the MODIS pass

is no subset of the MODIS pass

��Compress using

Compress using zlib

zlib

��Apply naming convention

Apply naming convention

Pro

cessin

g M

echanis

mP

rocessin

g M

echanis

m

SSEC_AWIPS_MODIS_EAST_4KM_CPI_AQUA_

YYYYMMDD_HHMM.7361

Deliv

ery

Pro

cess

Deliv

ery

Pro

cess

LDM

Space Science and

Engineering Center

Madison, WI

LDM

Central Region

Headquarters

Kansas City, MO

LDM on LDAD

NWSFO

Milwaukee, WI

LDM on LDAD

NWSFO

La Crosse, WI

LDM on LDAD

NWSFO

Riverton, WY

LDM on LDAD

NWSFO

Davenport, IA

EXP feed

Quality control machine:

Local AWIPS workstation

96 kbps

connection

Hurd

les

Hurd

les

��Local Data Manager (LDM)

Local Data Manager (LDM)

••Compatibility between LDM5 and LDM6

Compatibility between LDM5 and LDM6

••Size of queue

Size of queue

��Local Data and Dissemination (LDAD)

Local Data and Dissemination (LDAD)

••Receiving machine at NWS field offices

Receiving machine at NWS field offices

is not Linux; slow

is not Linux; slow

��Bandwidth

Bandwidth

��Load time

Load time

••Loops

Loops

LDAD

SBN/

NOAA

PORT

Weaknesses

Weaknesses

��Delayed

Delayed

••Processing and delivery takes over an hour

Processing and delivery takes over an hour

��Working to improve

Working to improve

��Lack of Consistency

Lack of Consistency

••Forecasters have difficulty memorizing Terra

Forecasters have difficulty memorizing Terra

and Aqua pass schedules

and Aqua pass schedules

��Similarity to other satellites

Similarity to other satellites

••Since GOES visible imagery is available in a

Since GOES visible imagery is available in a

timely manner, there is not much benefit to

timely manner, there is not much benefit to

using MODIS visible

using MODIS visible

••Addition of POES in upcoming builds

Addition of POES in upcoming builds

MO

DIS

Im

agery

Usage

MO

DIS

Im

agery

Usage

During forecast

During forecast

preparation:

preparation:

��Most Used

Most Used

••1111µµm

m ––

3.73.7µµm

m

Product (Fog)

Product (Fog)

••Total

Total Precipitable

Precipitable

Water (TPW)

Water (TPW)

••Sea Surface

Sea Surface

Temperature (SST)

Temperature (SST)

••Water Vapor (W

V)

Water Vapor (W

V)

��Least Used

Least Used

••Visible

Visible

••Cirrus

Cirrus

��Growing Use

Growing Use

••Snow/Ice

Snow/Ice

••Cloud Phase

Cloud Phase

MODIS

defines this

band of

clouds better

than GOES.

Should I add

showers for

this afternoon?

Strength

sS

trength

s

��Creates viable connection between

Creates viable connection between

research environment and National

research environment and National

Weather Service field offices

Weather Service field offices

��High resolution, better quality

High resolution, better quality

••Depiction of small

Depiction of small--scale features

scale features

��New products

New products

••Cloud Phase

Cloud Phase

••Sea Surface Temperature

Sea Surface Temperature

��Upwelling

Upwelling

Valu

e to F

ore

caste

rV

alu

e to F

ore

caste

r

��Near

Near --term

(less than 12 hours) forecasts

term

(less than 12 hours) forecasts

••Diagnosing heavy precipitation potential

Diagnosing heavy precipitation potential

��Total

Total Precipitable

PrecipitableWater (TPW)

Water (TPW)

••Determ

ining precipitation type

Determ

ining precipitation type

��Snow or freezing drizzle?

Snow or freezing drizzle?

��Short

Short--term

(12 to 36 hours) forecasts

term

(12 to 36 hours) forecasts

••Areas of fog form

ation

Areas of fog form

ation

••Temperatures in lakeshore areas

Temperatures in lakeshore areas

��Post

Post --event analysis

event analysis

••Temperature of significant

Temperature of significant

convective cells

convective cells

Valu

e to F

ore

caste

rV

alu

e to F

ore

caste

r

��Aviation

Aviation

••Small

Small--scale

scale orographic

orographicturbulence

turbulence

��Climatology

Climatology

••Diagnosing areas of accumulated snow

Diagnosing areas of accumulated snow

••Form

ation of ice on sizeable lakes and

Form

ation of ice on sizeable lakes and

other waterways

other waterways

��Marine

Marine

••Wind shift on Great Lakes

Wind shift on Great Lakes

��Local phenomena

Local phenomena

MAIN SHORT TERM FORECAST PROBLEM IS EAST FLOW AND MARINE LAYER INFLUENCE OVER

EASTERN WISCONSIN...AND DENSE FOG POTENTIAL IN THE WEST. THINK MOST OF THE

DENSE FOG WOULD BE IN THE RIVER VALLEYS...WITH A TENDENCY FOR PATCHY FOG AND

SOME STRATUS AGAIN IN THE EAST WITH MORE OF A GRADIENT. MODIS 1 KM IMAGERY

LAST NIGHT SHOWED THE DENSE FOG IN LONE ROCK AND BOSCOBEL WAS CONFINED TO

THE IMMEDIATE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY...IMPORTANT INFORMATION. THE LOCAL

RIVER VALLEY DENSE FOG IS NOT SEEN IN THE NORMAL 2 KM GOES. (HENTZ/MKX)

MAIN SHORT TERM FORECAST PROBLEM IS EAST FLOW AND MARINE LAYER INFLUENCE OVER

EASTERN WISCONSIN...AND DENSE FOG POTENTIAL IN THE WEST. THINK MOST OF THE

DENSE FOG WOULD BE IN THE RIVER VALLEYS...WITH A TENDENCY FOR PATCHY FOG AND

SOME STRATUS AGAIN IN THE EAST WITH MORE OF A GRADIENT. MODIS 1 KM IMAGERY

MODIS 1 KM IMAGERY

LAST NIGHT SHOWED THE DENSE FOG IN LONE ROCK AND BOSCOBEL WAS CO

LAST NIGHT SHOWED THE DENSE FOG IN LONE ROCK AND BOSCOBEL WAS CONFINED TO

NFINED TO

THE IMMEDIATE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY...IMPORTANT INFORMATION. TH

THE IMMEDIATE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY...IMPORTANT INFORMATION. THE LOCAL

E LOCAL

RIVER VALLEY DENSE FOG IS NOT SEEN IN THE NORMAL 2 KM GOES. (HEN

RIVER VALLEY DENSE FOG IS NOT SEEN IN THE NORMAL 2 KM GOES. (HENTZ/MKX)

TZ/MKX)

Are

a F

ore

cast D

iscussio

nA

rea F

ore

cast D

iscussio

n

Inte

resting E

xam

ple

sIn

tere

sting E

xam

ple

s

Courtesy of

Courtesy of

Scott

Scott Bachmeier

Bachmeier

(CIMSS/SSEC)

(CIMSS/SSEC)

Futu

re D

evelo

pm

ents

Futu

re D

evelo

pm

ents

��Guided by needs of the forecasters

Guided by needs of the forecasters

••Constrained by bandwidth

Constrained by bandwidth

��True color imagery

True color imagery

••Fixed enhancement of 256 colors

Fixed enhancement of 256 colors

��250 m visible imagery

250 m visible imagery

••Weigh operational significance against

Weigh operational significance against

interesting aspects and size (bandwidth

interesting aspects and size (bandwidth

usage) of the product

usage) of the product

��Norm

alized Difference Vegetation

Norm

alized Difference Vegetation

Index (NDVI)

Index (NDVI)

Conclu

sio

nC

onclu

sio

n

��With the duties of

With the duties of

the forecaster in

the forecaster in

mind, the MODIS

mind, the MODIS

in AWIPS project

in AWIPS project

can be successful

can be successful

••““How can MODIS

How can MODIS

imagery enhance

imagery enhance

the forecasting

the forecasting

process?

process?””

��Questions?

Questions?

Jordan Joel Gerth, CIMSS/SSEC, October 2006