Modern Times1945-Present

V.HorvathWorld History

THE WORLD SINCE 19451945-PRESENTCHAPTER 32

Chapter Preview1. The Changing Political Climate2. Global Economic Trends3. Changing Patterns of Life

The Changing Political Climate• The Big Idea – After World War II, the Cold War and the

decline of European influence shifted the balance of world power

• Vocabulary – Modernization, superpower, ideology, summit

• Focus/Review – How did the end of colonialism and the Cold War shape the world? How did new nations try to form stable governments? What role have world organizations played? What enduring issues face the world today?

• Pg 806

Cold War Takes Over the World1. Why did European nations lose their

colonial empires after World War II? 2. Why did political instability plague many

developing nations? 3. Describe one effort nations have made to

deal with each of the following issues: (a) the spread of nuclear arms (b) human right abuses (c) terrorism.

Global Economic Trends • The Big Idea – The industrial nations of the global North

and the developing nations of the global South have become increasingly interdependent

• Vocabulary – Multinational corporation, privatization, acid rain

• Focus/Review – In what ways are the global North and South economically interdependent? Why have developing nations had trouble reaching their goals? How is economic development linked to the environment?

• Pg 812

Global North and South1. Define: OPEC, Chernobyl2. How do the nations of the global North

and global South depend on one another?

3. How has economic development increased the potential for widespread damage to the environment? Give two examples.

Changing Patterns of Life• The Big Idea – Forces such as urbanization,

religion, and changing roles for women have shaped world societies

• Vocabulary – Shantytown, fundamentalist, liberation theology

• Focus/Review – How are new ways of life replacing old ways? How has modernization affected lives of women? What are the benefits and limits of modern science technology? What forces have shaped a new global culture?

• Pg 818

Old Versus New1. Describe two changes in the roles and

rights of women2. How have three developments in science

or technology affected the modern world? 3. How did American influences shape a

new global culture?

EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA1945-PRESENTCHAPTER 33

Chapter Preview1. The Western World: An Overview2. The Western European Democracies3. North American Prosperity4. The Soviet Union: Rise and Fall of a Superpower5. A New Era in Eastern Europe

The Western World: An Overview

• The Big Idea – In the years since World War II, various economic, political, and social trends have shaped the western world

• Vocabulary – Détente, welfare state, euro• Focus/Review – What issues troubled Europe

after the Cold War? How have recent Economic and political trends affected the West? How has Europe moved toward greater unity? How have social trends changed the West?

• Pg 828

Economic and Political Trends1. Identify the following: Berlin Wall, Nuclear

Test Ban Treaty, NATO, European Union2. What were two effects of the end of the

Cold War?3. What social trends affected family life in

the West?

The Western European Democracies

• The Big Idea – As a result of government polices and international cooperation the people of Western European democracies have enjoyed freedom and prosperity

• Vocabulary – Chancellor, coalition • Focus/Review – How did Britain’s policies

change after World War II? How did French power and prosperity revive? How did Germany reunify? What problems have other democratic nations faced?

• Pg 834

European Democracies 1. Identify the following: Margaret Thatcher,

Tony Blair, IRA, Charles de Gaulle, Francois Mitterrand, Konrad Adenauer, Helmut Kohl, neo-Nazis

2. Why was Germany finally able to reunify?

North American Prosperity • The Big Idea – Since the 1940s, the United States has

asserted its role as a global superpower, promoted economic prosperity, and extended civil rights

• Vocabulary – deficit, surplus, civil rights movement• Focus/Review – What actions has the United States

taken as a global superpower? What developments have shaped the economy, government and society of the United States? What issues has Canada faced in recent years?

• Pg 839

The United States Goes Global1. Identify the following: John F. Kennedy,

Richard Nixon, social security, Medicare, Ronald Reagan, Brown vs The Board of Education, Martin Luther King

2. What goals has the United States tried to achieve as a super-global power?

The Soviet Union: Rise and Fall of a Superpower

• The Big Idea – After years of Communist rule, the Soviet Union collapsed and was replaced by Russia and other independent republics

• Vocabulary – Dissident, glasnost, perestroika, default

• Focus/Review – What ideas guided Soviet political, economic, and foreign policy? Why did the Soviet Union collapse? What problems have Russia and the other republics faced since the fall of the Soviet Union?

• Pg 843

Collapse of the Soviet Union1. Identify the following: Nikita Khrushchev,

Afghan War, Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yelstin, Chechnya, Vladimir Putin

2. How did Gorbachev’s reforms contribute to the collapse of the Soviet Union?

3. Describe two problems that have afflicted Russia and the other new republics since the breakup of the Soviet Union

A New Era in Eastern Europe• The Big Idea – After years of Soviet domination,

the countries of Eastern Europe were free of Russian control, facing new and sometimes difficult challenges

• Vocabulary – Ethnic cleansing, war crime• Focus/Review – How did Eastern European

nations oppose Soviet domination and strive for democracy? What were the effects of the fall of communism? What were the causes and effects of civil war in Yugoslavia?

• Pg 849

Roads to Democracy1. How did Hungarians resist Soviet

domination? 2. Why were some Eastern Europeans

unhappy with the changes that came after the fall of communism?

3. Why did civil war break out in Yugoslavia?

EAST ASIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA1945 – PRESENT CHAPTER 34

Chapter Preview1. Japan becomes an economic superpower2. From revolution to reform in China3. The Asian Tigers4. Southeast Asia and the Pacific Rim

Japan Becomes and Economic Superpower

• The Big Idea –After World War II, Japan rapidly rebuilt and became an economic superpower

• Vocabulary – Zaibatsu, gross domestic product, trade deficit

• Focus/Review – What factors made Japan’s recovery an economic miracle? How did Japan interact economically and politically with other nations? How are patterns of life changing in Japan?

• Pg 858

Japan Changes and Grows1. How did Japan achieve political

recovery? 2. What role has Japan played in world

affairs in recent years? 3. What were three reasons for Japan’s

economic recovery?

From Revolution to Reform in China

• The Big Idea – After a series of failed reforms in China, communist leaders

• Vocabulary – Collectivization, commune, joint venture

• Focus/Review – What were the effects of communist policies in China? What challenges did China face during the Cold War? How did calls for political reform lead to repression? What challenges face China today?

• Pg 862

Changes in China1. Identify the following: People’s Republic

of China, Great Leap Forward, Little Red Book, Tiananmen Square

2. How did Mao’s economic policies harm China?

3. What major issues did China face during the Cold War?

The Asian Tigers• The Big Idea – Aggressive economic

growth lead to world prominence for several nations in East and Southeast Asia

• Vocabulary – NONE• Focus/Review – How has China

influenced Taiwan and Hong Kong? How did Singapore modernize? Why has Korea remained divided for more than 50 years?

• Pg 868

Asian Tigers1. What is meant by the term “Asian Tiger”? 2. Describe how China’s strength has

affected the development of Taiwan and Hong Kong

3. How do the economies of North and South Korea differ?

Southeast Asia and the Pacific Rim

• The Big Idea – Southeast Asian nations sought independence but also fell into divisive conflicts in the decades after World War II

• Vocabulary – Domino theory, cease-fire, embargo

• Focus/Review – How did war affect Vietnam and Cambodia? What challenges faced the Philippines and the developing nations of Southeast Asia? Why is the Pacific Rim a vital region?

• Pg 873

Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Philippines

1. Describe the effects of war on Vietnam and Cambodia

2. What economic and ethnic issues have faced governments in the Philippines and Indonesia?

3. Why is the Pacific Rim seen as an important link in the global economy?

SOUTH ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST1945 – PRESENT CHAPTER 35

Chapter Preview1. Nations of South Asia2. Forces Shaping the Modern Middle East3. Nation Building in the Middle East: Three Case Studies4. The Middle East and the World

Nations of South Asia• The Big Idea – After winning independence,

Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan pursued separate roads to modernization

• Vocabulary – Partition, federal system, darijan, debt service

• Focus/Review – Why was India partitioned? How has India dealt with political, economic, and social change? What problems did Pakistan and Bangladesh face?

• Pg 882

South Asian Nations1. Why was the Indian subcontinent divided

into two nations? 2. What economic goals did India pursue

and why has their progress been limited? 3. How did Cold War rivalries affect South

Asia? Give two examples

Forces Shaping the Modern Middle East

• The Big Idea – Three forces shaping the modern Middle East are nationalism, religious and cultural diversity, and access to resources such as oil and water

• Vocabulary – Kibbutz, desalinization, hejab• Focus/Review – How have diversity and nationalism

shaped the Middle East? What political and economic patterns have emerged? Why has an Islamic revival spread across the region? How do women’s lives vary in the Middle East?

• Pg 888

Diversity in the Middle East1. What forces have linked Arab nations?

Give one example how diversity has caused tension in Middle Eastern nations

2. How has oil shaped Middle Eastern societies?

3. How was the Islamic revival linked to social and political development?

Nation Building in the Middle East: Three Case Studies

• The Big Idea – Since World WAR ii, Turkey, Egypt, and Iran have followed different routes to modernization

• Vocabulary – Delta, ayatollah, theocracy• Focus/Review – What issues has Turkey

faced? Why was Egypt a leader in the Arab world? What were the causes and results of the revolution in Iran?

• Pg 894

Turkey, Egypt, and Iran1. What kind of government did Turkey

build? Describe a challenge they faced2. What steps did Egypt take toward

modernization? 3. Why did discontent spread in Iran under

the Shah? Describe two effects of the Iran revolution

The Middle East and the World• The Big Idea – The Middle East has been the

focus of conflicts that have had an impact far beyond the region

• Vocabulary – Client state, intifada, militia, no-fly zone

• Focus/Review – How did the Cold War increase tensions in the Middle East? Why has the Arab-Israeli conflict been difficult to resolve? Why did conflicts arise in Lebanon and the Persian Gulf?

• Pg 899

Middle East Conflict1. Identify the following: PLO, Yasir Arafat,

Yitzhak Rabin, Palestine Authority, Ariel Sharon, Saddam Hussein

2. Describe one cause of the following: the civil war in Lebanon, the Iran-Iraq war, the Persian Gulf War

AFRICA 1945 – PRESENT CHAPTER 36

Chapter Preview1. Achieving Independence2. Programs for Development3. Three Nations: A Closer Look4. Struggles in Southern Africa

Achieving Independence• The Big Idea – As many African nations won

independence in the 1950s and 1960s, they held great hopes and faced great challenges

• Vocabulary – NONE• Focus/Review – How did colonialism contribute

to a growing spirit of nationalism? What routes to freedom did Ghana, Kenya, and Algeria follow? How did the Cold War affect Africa

• Pg 908

Colonial Legacy1. What challenges faced African nations as

a result of colonialism? How did national leaders respond to these challenges?

2. Describe the conflicts that arose during independence in the following countries: Ghana, Kenya, and Algeria

3. What role did international organizations play in Africa during the Cold War?

Programs for Development• The Big Idea – New African nations faced many

choices and challenges as they established new governments

• Vocabulary – One-party system, mixed economy, desertification

• Focus/Review – What were barriers to unity and stability in Africa? What economic choices did African nations make? What critical issues affect African nations today? How has modernization affected patterns of life?

• Pg 914

Critical Choices for Africa1. Why were unity and stability difficult to

achieve? 2. Describe the choices faced by African

nations after independence3. How did modernization and the growth of

cities change daily life for many Africans?

Three Nations: A Closer Look• The Big Idea – Nigeria, the Congo, and

Tanzania provide examples of paths followed by African nations

• Vocabulary – NONE• Focus/Review – What were some

pressures for change in Nigeria? What effects did dictatorship have on the Congo? What was the outcome of Tanzania’s experiment in socialism?

• Pg 920

Nigeria, Congo, and Tanzania1. How has Nigeria responded to economic

pressures? 2. What challenges faced the Congo at

independence? 3. What programs did Julius Nyerere

introduce in Tanzania after independence?

Struggles in South Africa• The Big Idea – Nations in southern Africa

experienced turmoil as people sought majority rule and equal rights

• Vocabulary – NONE• Focus/Review – What challenges faced

Zimbabwe? How did the long struggle to end apartheid lead to a new South Africa? How did the Cold War affect nations of southern Africa?

• Pg 924

A New South Africa 1. How did Zimbabwe achieve

independence? 2. Identify major events leading to the

elimination of apartheid3. How have African nations worked to

improve conditions?

LATIN AMERICA 1945 – PRESENT CHAPTER 37

Chapter Preview1. Forces Shaping Modern Latin America2. Latin America, the United States, and the World3. Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean 4. Focus on Argentina and Brazil

Forces Shaping Modern Latin America

• The Big Idea – Latin America’s development is influenced by geography, culture, social patterns, and political and economic conditions

• Vocabulary – Import substitution, agribusiness, liberation theology

• Focus/Review – Why is Latin America a culturally diverse region? What conditions contributed to unrest in Latin American countries? What forces shaped political, economic, and social patterns in Latin America?

• Pg 934

Political, Social, Economical, and Social Changes

1. How does the history of Latin America explain it’s cultural diversity today?

2. Describe four conditions that fed unrest in Latin America

3. Describe how each of the following has affected Latin America: Military regimes, economic nationalism, religion

Latin America, the United States, and the World

• The Big Idea – Latin American nations have developed policies in response to United States influence, regional issues and global issues

• Vocabulary – Literacy rate, embargo• Focus/Review – How did communist rule affect

Cuba? What policies has the United States followed in Latin America? What global issues have linked Latin America to other regions of the world?

• Pg 940

Global Issues Link America and Latin America to the World

1. Identify the following: Fidel Castro, Bay of Pigs, Cuban missile crisis, Manuel Noriega, NAFTA, drug cartel

2. What changes did communism bring to Cuba?

3. How have Latin American nations addressed regional and global issues?

Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean

• The Big Idea – Although Mexico underwent change with relatively little turmoil, several Central American countries were torn by civil war

• Vocabulary – Ejido, contra• Focus/Review – What conditions have changed

and which have remained the same in Mexico? Why did Central American countries suffered civil wars? What were the causes of Haiti’s political and economic struggles?

• Pg 944

War and Peace1. Identify the following: Lazaro Cardenas,

PRI, Vincente Fox, Sandinistas, Violeta Chamorro, Oscar Romero, Jean-Bertrand Aristide

2. How has Mexican politics changed in recent years?

3. What problems have hindered the development of democracy in Haiti?

Focus on Argentina and Brazil• The Big Idea – Both Argentina and Brazil have

overcome serious political and economic challenges as they became modernized

• Vocabulary – Favala, plebiscite, squatter • Focus/Review – What challenges has

democracy faced in Argentina? How did Brazil’s government change in recent times? Why did Brazil’s economic miracle have limited success?

• Pg 950

Economic Miracle 1. How have dictatorships affected

Argentina? What steps did the nation take towards democracy in the 1980s and 1990s?

2. Why did military rulers seize power in Brazil?

3. Describe the Brazilian “Economic Miracle”