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1951 1991 Dr Georgios D. Panopoulos Management Force Group Modern Safety Management Holistic approach

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Page 1: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Dr Georgios D. Panopoulos Management Force Group

Modern Safety Management –Holistic approach

Page 2: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Objectives

Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way of living and working, into one’s organisation business.

The challenge today is where safety must be approached in a structured way, measured and evaluated and be part of the planning for any business.

The objectives are to discuss in first place why safety and in second place how much safety.

Page 3: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Structure

• Introduction

• Approach to safety

• Basic criteria

• Holistic approach

• Safety Management System (SMS)

• The new H&S regulations

• Apply the new H&S Reg’s in a Project

Page 4: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Inception

Does safety matters? YES!

Of course!

The cost of …

Well it depends! Personally …

Subject to the conditions …

The Law says that …

In many cases …

Page 5: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Rate Safety In Albania

Page 6: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Road Safety

Minimise road accidents &

Minimise consequences

By applying

lower speed limits

?

Page 7: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

What Is Safety For You?

Anything you said and definitely not a paint of terror! Like some of the ones to follow

Page 8: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Definitions • SAFETY (Seguricë, Sicherheit, Sécurité, Sicurezza, Ασφάλεια)

• HAZARD

• TYPE OF HAZARDS

• RISK

• RISK FOR WHOM & WHERE

• EXPOSURE AT RISK

• LIKELIHOOD

• SEVERITY

• RISK ASSESSMENT

Page 9: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

The Result

“ Every system is producing the results it is designed for”

Donald Mark Berwick

…the premise being that both the intended and

unintended consequences are designed into our systems.

Page 10: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

The Safety Criteria

Traditionally there are three criteria for doing safety:

• MORAL

• ECONOMICS

• LEGAL

Now a fourth appears, SustainAbility

Considering these within ….

Page 11: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

SAFETY BASIS • MORAL

• ECONOMICS

• LEGAL

• SUSTAINABILITY

Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S)

VISION & POLICY

To achieve the Vision of a healthy work environment free of

Incidents. Injuries and Accidents,

1. Needless to say, we comply with local legislation and all

directives related to Health and Safety at work.

2. We are committed to do our best to safeguard the OH&S of

all our direct and indirect employees in all activities where we

have management control.

3. We aim at continuous improvement of our OH&S

performance by managing it as our top Business Priority.

4. We manage OH&S as an integrated system of goals, with

clear responsibilities and accountabilities.

5. We continuously strive to embed safe and sound behaviour

throughout the organization in our everyday activities and to

create an environment in which everyone and all of us are

responsible for our own and our colleagues' safety.

6. All employees are expected to follow safe-work practices,

obey rules and regulations and work in a manner that

upholds the high safety standards developed and endorsed

by the Group.

7. We use our influence to the best of our ability to persuade

our suppliers, contractors and third parties to adopt

similar OH&S policy.

8. We willingly engage with stakeholders and third parties who

may seek our advice.

Page 12: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Safety Is A Moral Duty • Employers • Self – Employed • Individuals • Bus Drivers • School Masters • Playground Operators • Parents • … • Owners - Clients • Designers • Manufacturers • Project Managers • Contractors • Subcontractors

Page 13: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Safety Is A Legal Duty

• It is the employer’s duty to protect employees and others from their activities

• Employees have a duty to protect themselves and others complying with the instructions provided and report any risks to their superiors

• EU directive for health and safety at work in implementation as of 1.10.2006

• EU directive for health and safety in construction sites as of 1.1.2007

• Albanian Law no 10237 enforced since 18.2.2010 for H&S at work

• Albanian Law, Council of Ministers Decree no 312 enforced since 5.5.2010 for coordination in construction sites

Page 14: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Safety Is A Legal Duty Self-assessment

Do you expect the other to comply first while everyone in this room is questionable where he/she abides by law?

Driving;

Housekeeping;

Taxation;

Designing;

Supervising;

Would you find impossible to comply fully?

Page 15: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

The EU Law Travel

1. Big firms look for excellence and business optimisation

2. Gurus present their models

3. Models are broadly accepted by the market

4. Models become a standard

5. A standard becomes a law requirement

Page 16: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Compliance starts in east when west prepares the next bulk of legislation

Law is born west and travels east

The Eu Law Travel

Page 17: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

The Business Case

In what grounds can one justify the prevention cost?

To the recent past the most used phrases were

“Accidents cost”

“Safety pays”

Page 18: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

18

From Accident Cost to Safety Cost

X Number of Accidents Safety Performance

Y

CO

ST

AC1

SC1

SP1/IR1

PC1

SC =PC + AC + MfwoAC

SC =aS2 - bS + c

dSC/dS = 2aS – b

If dSC/dS = 0 then SC = min

Prevention Cost (PC)

SCmin

Safety Cost (SC)

Accident Cost (AC)

MfwnAC1

Management

Failure with No

Accident Cost

(MFwAC)

Returns Cost (RC)

New SCmin

Page 19: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

FUNDAMENTAL HYPOTHESIS

safety pays

Average management

failure with-no-accident cost, in

industry (for optimum prevention (cost)

Average accident cost in industry

Optimum

prevention cost

Optimum safety cost

Number of Accidents 0

Increasing

ever

safety cost

cost

100% of optimum

prevention cost for

zero accidents,

equal to 100% of

optimum safety cost

for zero accidents

Page 20: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

FUNDAMENTAL HYPOTHESIS

safety does not necessarily pay

Average management failure with-no-accident

cost, in industry (for

optimum prevention cost)

0 Number of Accidents

Average accident cost in industry

Optimum prevention cost

cost

Area of

Increasing

cost

Optimum safety cost

Optimum

safety cost area

100% of optimum

prevention cost

for zero

accidents, equal

to 100% of

optimum safety

cost for zero

accidents

Page 21: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

https://www.google.gr/search?q=life+line+safety&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=qAMoU-SyKOrX4ATz_4GICA&sqi=2&ved=0CDUQ7Ak&biw=1024&bih=551

How much safety

Page 22: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable

e.g. by HSE at http://www.hse.gov.uk/risk/theory/alarpglance.htm

INTOLERABLE REGION e.g. R>10-3

ALARP REGION e.g. 10-3 <R< 10-6

ACCEPTABLE REGION

e.g. R< 10-6

Page 23: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

INTERVENTION SCENARIO

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

% OF PROJECT

VALUE

PPC INTERVANTION IMPACT

WITH INTERVENTION 1.17 0.00 0.17 0.04 1.38

WITHOUT INTERVENTION 0.63 0.58 0.37 0.12 1.7

PREVENTION MFWNA ACCIDENT IMAGETOTAL SAFETY

COST

https://www.google.gr/

Page 24: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

PARETO LAW APPLIES

Page 25: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

SAFETY PERFORMANCE

Safety Performance (SP) is measured/expressed in various ways.

To include economic parameter (holistic approach), SP can be expressed as the ratio of:

the existing risk defined as the potential failure cost Cr, over

the actual fiscal cost of maintaining this performance Cp.

Thus

SP = Cr/ Cp

For optimum prevention cost:

SPop = Cr/ Cpop

Page 26: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

SAFETY PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT

For DCpop

the Improvement (change) of the Safety Performance (ISP) achieved over a certain period of time, it is given by the ratio of:

the reduction (change) of the potential failure cost DCr achieved over this period,

over

the money spend on top of (or less than) the standard expenditure over that specific period DCpop

Thus ISP = DCr /DCpop

Page 27: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

IMPROVEMENT SAFETY PERFORMANCE

(X) DCp

(Y) DCr

DCr /DCpop

(-, +) (+, +)

(0, 0)

(-,-) (+,-)

N/A

> 1

˂ 1

Page 28: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)

INTOLERABLE REGION ISP >> 1

ALARP REGION ISP >=< 1

ACCEPTABLE REGION ISP << 1

Page 29: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

The Value of Prosperity and Profit

Amongst the societies, the prosperity and the profit

vary subject to

the level of needs

that the specific

Society stands

as a whole

Page 30: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Safety Profits & Societal Prosperity

West East

Goliath Companies David Companies

Level of

safety

Implementing

the new era

Society Safety

burden

Company

safety cost

Page 31: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

CONCLUSIONS On The Economic Case

• Contractors may improve their safety performance, via efficiency of prevention cost.

• Safety pays, but not necessarily in sort terms and limited scope

• Chance dominate final output on a project level.

• Chance does not influence company/sector output long term; neither sector or society one.

• Need to evaluate/consider the “safety principle” unless it has been already quantified by social – economic policy makers.

• Contractors have to know what the safety cost is if – chose amongst the family of curves applying.

Page 32: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991 CONCLUSIONS

on the economic case extrapolating data

• Cost of Safety should interest social partners, not only Employers (Contactors).

• Safety cost should be fairly allocated to involved parties, including society at large.

• Insurers have also a great interest on the cost of safety.

• For public works, safety is a parameter of a fair competition and a good for all

• Safety in construction has a latent cost for society at large.

Page 33: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

The New Era

• The protection of human life in the western societies became a standard over the last decade

• Safety becomes a corner stone in doing business

• Safety becomes a significant factor, which is fully considered from the conceptual phase of a project

• Holistic approach is adopted by Society and Companies

Page 34: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

The Business Travel

WORKFORCE

INDUSTRY

Page 35: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Follow the Leaders

OH&S Policy

Page 36: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Reset our objectives

Page 37: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

37

Pure Luck

1

severe

1

Severe

1

1

severe

1

10

No severe

10 3

No severe

3

29

No severe

29 30

Damagesonly

300

50

First aids

50

80

Damages only

80

300

No injury

300 600

No injury & no

damage

600

400

No injury & no

damage

400

Heinrich, 1950 Industrial accident prevention,

3rd edition

Heinrich, 1950 Sample 330

Bird, 1969 Practical loss control leadership,

F.E.Bird Jnr and G.L.Germain, 1985

Sample 1753498

Tye/Pearson, 1974/1975 Management safety manual.

British Safety Council 5-Star

Health and SMS. Sample almost 1000000

Page 38: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

38

Safety Management Systems Bird, 1969

Practical loss

control

leadership

F.E.Bird Jnr

and

G.L.Germain,

1985

regulations

Safety

measures

10

No severe

30

Damages only

600

Near misses

Safety

Management

System

Procedures

1

severe

Page 39: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

39

Policy

Organising

Planning &

Implementing

Measuring

Performance

Reviewing SMS

Safety audits

Safety Management System (SMS) 1

Page 40: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

40

Applying a SMS in Business

Level 3

Επίπεδο 2

Level 1

SMS Constructors

Constructor 1

Constructor 2

Constructor 3

Constructor ν SMS

SMS Designers Designer 1

Designer 2

Designer 3

Designer ς ν SMS

Safety Procedures for Operation

Review & Revise

evaluating

Planning & Implementing

Organising

Policy

Level 0 Description, Policy and

strategic goals

Works Safety Instructions

At site

Legal Framework

Decommissioning

O&M

Srart up

Construction

Desing

Safety Procedures for construction

SMS Suppliers Supplier 1

Supplier 2

Supplier 3

Supplier ς ν SMS

Legend Instruction line Info line

Page 41: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

41

OH&S Policy

Safety Management System (SMS) 2

Page 42: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Others… eaxhaustes wastes damages delays Nuisance injuries

Operation maintenance procedures (process)

Uncontrolled

risks

CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT

Production

(output)

Hardware –

infrastructure & raw materials

(input)

byproducts

Continual improvement

Global Business and local Environment

Page 43: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Safety Management Systems Roles & Responsibilities (liabilities)

BoD

TOP MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE AND LINE MANAGEMENT

WORKFORCE

Policy

Resources

Authorisations

Review Implement Policy

Organise & planning

Monitoring and

evaluating performance

Proposals to BoD

Implement

Supervise

Train & inform Employees

Inform Managers

Follow the instructions

Comply with the rules

Be trained

Inform supervisors

Page 44: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Safety Management Systems behavioral issues

BoD

TOP MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE AND LINE MANAGEMENT

WORKFORCE

People

People

People

People

Page 45: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

INDIVIDUALS

Different people

Different cultures

Different priorities

Different mentalities

Different capabilities

Different knowledge

Different needs

Different ethics

n

VSC = Σvci, i=1

Were i=1, 2, 3…. n-1, n)

n = population

Page 46: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

SAFETY PERFORMANCE (ENERGY)

(X) Managerial capacity

(energy)

(Y) Technical capacity (energy)

(-, +) (M, T) (+, +)

(0, 0)

(-,-) (+,-)

(Z) Cultural based capacity

(energy)

Page 47: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

SAFETY PERFORMANCE

BoD

TOP MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE AND LINE MANAGEMENT

WORKFORCE

Policy

Resources

Authorisations

Review

Implement Policy

Organise & planning

Monitoring and

evaluating performance

Proposals to BoD

Implement

Supervise

Train & inform Employees

Inform Managers

Follow the instructions

Comply with the rules

Be trained

Inform supervisors

Page 48: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

OPTIMISING SAFETY PERFORMANCE

BoD

TOP MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE AND LINE MANAGEMENT

WORKFORCE

Policy

Resources

Authorisation

Review

Implement policy

Organise & planning

Monitoring and

evaluating performance

Proposals to BoD

Implement

Supervise

Train & inform Employees

Inform managers

Follow the instructions

Comply with the rules

Be trained

Inform supervisors

Page 49: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

ICSI PRINCIPLE for CULTURAL CHANGE

KNOW

UNDERSTAND

DIGEST

ACCEPT

TELL

EXPLAIN

SHOW/PRACTICE

CONVIENCE

Page 50: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Improving Safety – Moving Furtherer

The movers’ (safety) energy must be greater than the energy needed to change the behavior of the individuals involved.

Tools and techniques employed may increase the performance of the movers (reduce lost energy)

Page 51: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Minimum Criteria for Success

1. Insist and consist

2. Insist and consist

3. Insist and consist

Page 52: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

REVIEW

• Safety is rather a cultural than a technical matter • Safety is a multidisciplinary task • There are legal, moral and business reasons to do safety • The approach must be holistic • Managing safety requires a clear safety policy and defined

targets and responsibilities • Hierarchy must be fully involved. They all have a role.

Participation and contribution. • Safety is unlimited; how much safety is the first question to

answer; what is the business case comes next (not necessarily)

• Big organisations are also good in safety – produce and sell safety

Page 53: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

REVIEW

• OHSAS 18001 is a good guidance Europe – wide • Systems should be measurable – define factors and indicators

to measure performance • A system must ensure a continual improvement • Safety department (safety engineer) is the director of the

orchestra. The others are the musicians. No musicians no concert.

• Training is a key element in changing culture and improve performance

• Consistence and insistence is a criteria for safety excellence • Make your organisation an organisation that learns and

ensures continual improvement; use holistic approach to assess the safety case

Page 54: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Page 55: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Make an exercise

Work out safety in a project.

Page 56: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

PROJECT SAFETY MANAGEMENT (THE SEQUENSE)

• Once upon a time …

Page 57: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

PRELIMENARY PHASE (LEVEL 0)

People decided to build a new plant. They defined then the minimum safety standards to follow, determining the risk inherent to the operation phase, or the selection of the equipment and technology determined itself the risk to be inherited.

Specifications for main equipment, design factors, technology, etc are the result of a thorough Risk Assessment already performed by the industry, since main equipment, design philosophy etc have been assessed by manufacturers, practice and law.

Page 58: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

RISK ASSESSMENT - LEVEL 0

Level 0 Design basis, core specifications, selection of land/location

Page 59: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

DESIGN PHASE (LEVEL 1) Developing (Detailing) the design, specific safety studies are carried out to assess and/or quantify associated risks and confirm design and design specs as well as operational needs.

• Hazard and Operability Studies

• Hazard Identification (Hazid)

• ATEX (explosive atmospheres)

• Safety Integrity level (SIL)

• Quantitative Risk Assessment

• Health and Safety File (HSF)

• Stress analysis

• Fire study

• Earthquake study

• Signing and labeling study

Page 60: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

RISK ASSESSMENT - LEVEL 0

Level 0 Design basis, core specifications, selection of land

LEVEL 1 Safety Studies, Quantitative and Qualitative Risk assessment

Page 61: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

ROUTINE OPERATION & MAINTENANCE (LEVEL 2)

Considering:

• Safety Studies findings and recommendations;

• Operational philosophy;

• Management systems in place;

• Staffing;

• Works given out/outsourced (contractors)

• and the alike,

then a Plant’s Qualitative Risk Assessment is prepared and it is incorporated into the OPS manuals and the management procedures.

Page 62: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

RISK ASSESSMENT - LEVEL 2

Level 0 Design basis, core specifications, selection of land

LEVEL 1 Safety Studies, Quantitative and Qualitative Risk assessment

LEVEL 2

Qualitative RA for the routine status of the Plant, incorporated into the Ops manuals and Management Systems procedures

Page 63: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

ROUTINE & NON-ROUTINE OPERATION & MAINTENANCE WORKS (LEVEL 3)

Based on the standard stuff, confirm/revise Plant’s RA on spot for the particular:

• Systems included

• Personnel

• Environment

• Equipment

• Layout – alignment

• Procedure to be followed

• Weather, timeschedule, … ; and

prepare for that work a specific RA based on the method statement and vice versa

Page 64: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

RISK ASSESSMENT - LEVEL 3

Level 0 Design basis, core specifications, selection of land

LEVEL 1 Safety Studies, Quantitative and Qualitative Risk assessment

LEVEL 2

Qualitative RA for the routine status of the Plant, incorporated into the Ops manuals and Management Systems procedures

LEVEL 3

Qualitative Work Specific RA, based and interlinked with the particular work and its specific method statement, together with the standard system in place (e.g. PtW, LoTo, etc)

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1951 1991

BASIC STRUCTURE OF A RA

CONDITION/ EQUIPMENT/

ACTIVITY

SAFETY MEASURES

(CONTROLS)

LIKELIHOOD ”L“

(of a specific outcome)

SEVERITY “S”

(of that specific outcome)

OTHER FACTORS

“OF” (e.g.

exposure)

RISK “R”

R= LX S (X OF)

MITIGATION L’ S’ OF’ R’ (residual

risk)

P(Ai) is the likelihood (probability) of an event Ai, where i=1,2,3,…n n

SP(Ai) =1 i=1

P(Bj) is the likelihood (probability) of a possible outcome , where j=1,2,3,…m The total assessed likelihood L or calculated probability of a specific outcome is given below

n

P(Bj) = SP(Bj/Ai) i=1

Whilst the L of a specific outcome of a specific event is P(Bj) = P(Bj/Ai)

Page 66: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable)

INTOLERABLE REGION

ALARP REGION

ACCEPTABLE REGION

-12

e.g. 10

-9

e.g. 10

-6

e.g. 10

Page 67: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

REVIEW PROJECT LIFE CYCLE

It should be borne in mind that reducing the risks from an existing plant ALARP may still

result in a level of residual risk which is higher than that which would be achieved by

reducing the risks ALARP in a similar, new plant.

Factors which could lead to this difference include (holistic approach) :

• practicability of retrofitting a measure on an existing plant,

• the extra cost of retrofitting measures compared to embedded them in a new plant,

• the risks involved in installation of the retrofitted measure; and

• the projected lifetime of the existing plant .

THE CONCEPT

250 t

800 t/h

`

1.000 t/h

250 t/h

22.500 t

22.500 t

400 t/h

375 t/h

7.500 t 7.500 t.

250 t/h

480t/h

(bauxite)

270t 250 t

187,2t/h 45 t/h 1,2 t/h 3,6 t/h

25t

Vertical Raw mill

280 t/h HGG: 50,16GJ/h

150 t/h60t/h

Coal Pet

Coke

Bag filter

High Temp 120 t/h

100m3

213 t/h

Reclaimer 60 t/h

230 t/h BF dust Raw coal

100t 150 m3

5 stages 15 t/h

ILC Preheater

9,6t/h x 1,05

5,2t/h x 1,05

25t/h

150/250t/h Storage

Bauxite ILS Limestone

150t/h 3000 t 3.000t 1.000 t

600t/h

480t/h

30m3

(clinker) 600t/h 3x300t/h 480 t/h

3-300t/h

250t/h

300t/h

to trucks

25m3

600 t 600 t

200t/h

HGG: 30,16GJ/h

3.000bags/h (50kg)

4.000bags/h (25kg)

6.000 t 6.000 t 6.000 t

100 t

fly ash fly ash

Grate Cooler

Clinker storage

Vertical Coal mill

Bag

Filter

Rotary Kiln 3.300 t/d

Bag filter

300t 100 t

corrective material

truck hopper

IBAU (CC)

7.000 t

Limestone Flysch Iron corrective silo

500 t 270 t

Raw

limestone

(quarry)Raw clayhopper

(quarry)

100 t

Coal storage

IV 32,5 N

6.000 t

Raw coal

150 m3

Pozollan

5.000 t 5.000 t

Pulverized coal

100 t

Pulverized coal

100 t

Packing Plant Palletizing Plant

100 pallets/h

I 42,5 N

1.000 t

I 42,5 R II 32,5 N

100t

Pallet storage

5.000 pallets (two rows)

Lignite

3x7.000t

Gypsum

Clinker Limestone Gypsum Pozzolan

40.000 t

fly ash

Off standard

clinker silo

Grinding aid

20m3

THE DESIGN MANAGEMENT OF INHERENT OPERATIONAL & EMERGING RISKS

Concept Preliminary design

Basic design

Detail design

FEED Construction Testing & commissioning

Hand over

O&M Decommissioning

Page 68: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Preplanning & Design phase

Operation & Maintenance phase

Leve

l of

Safe

ty

Co

st of Safety

Page 69: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

CONSTRAINTS

• LOCAL MARKET

• COUNTRY SAFETY CULTURE

• PLANING (including design and timeschedule)

• BIDDING – FAIR PRICE

• REQUIRED INVESTMENT

• BIDDING – UNDERSTANDING THE H&S REQ’S

• OURSELVES

Page 70: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

CONTRACTORS POLICY CORNERSTONES

The are four corner tones in managing contractors. The Owner has to demonstrate clearly that he (the Owner):

1. wants safety;

2. knows safety;

3. can do it; and

4. does do it. Georgios D. Panopoulos (2003)

Has in place a clear Safety Policy

Has in place contract specific tender H&S requirements including contractor’s minimum H&S requirements and the

project/scope specific effective HSP/SMS

Has in place a competent and committed organisation dully authorised and possessing an arsenal to manage the

Project’s Safety and battle risk generation from day one.

Regardless initial delays and costs, Owner applies the H&S procedures from day one, including Contractor’s evaluation.

Page 71: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

SAFETY ENERGY

«Δός μοι πά στω καί τάν γαν κινήσω»

“Give me place to stand and I will move the earth”

Archimedes 3rd century bc

~ ~

Page 72: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Go back to our exercise

Page 73: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

New Safety Regulations

• It is the employer’s duty to protect employees and others from their activities

• Employees have a duty to protect themselves and others complying with the instructions provided and report any risks to their superiors

• EU directive for health and safety at work in implementation as of 1.10.2006

• EU directive for health and safety in construction sites as of 1.1.2007

• Albanian Law no 10237 enforced since 18.2.2010 for H&S at work

• Albanian Law, Council of Ministers Decree no 312 enforced since 5.5.2010 for coordination in construction sites

Page 74: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

New Safety Regulations

1. Health and Safety Coordination during the Design phase

2. Health and Safety Plan during the Design phase

3. Health and Safety File during the Design phase

4. Project (Plant) Safety Studies

5. H&S Management of Change

6. Health and Safety Coordination during the Construction phase

7. Health and Safety Plan during the Construction phase

8. Health and Safety File during the Construction phase

9. Revise/update/confirm Project (Plant) Safety Studies

10. Confirm Project (Plant) Risk Assessment

Page 75: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Health & Safety Coordination during the Design phase

• Ensure that H&S issues associated with the design (philosophy, configuration, machinery, process, operational philosophy and procedures) are identified and addressed satisfactorily.

• Ensure also that other H&S issues associated with the constructability and operability in general are identified and addressed satisfactorily.

• Not review the design, not redo the design

• Manage changes

• Appoint the H&S coordinator(s)/Team

• Develop Health & Safety File and Health & Safety Plan

Page 76: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Health & Safety Coordinator Design phase

• A person or a team that Ensure that H&S issues associated with the design (philosophy, configuration, machinery, process, operational philosophy and procedures) are identified and addressed satisfactorily.

• Ensure also that other H&S issues associated with the constructability and operability in general are identified and addressed satisfactorily.

• Not review the design

• Not redo the design

• Manage changes

Page 77: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Health and Safety Plan during the Design phase

1. The law

2. The practice • Structured • Friendly • Practicable & Operable • Specific but flexible • Updated • Content • Traceable • Value for money • Useful to Contractors and Supervisors

Page 78: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Health and Safety File during the Design phase

1. The law

2. The practice • Friendly • Practicable & Operable • Specific but flexible • Updated • Content • Traceable • Value for money • Manageable by Contractors and Supervisors • Useful to operators

Page 79: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Project Safety Studies

• Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP)

• Hazard Identification (HAZID)

• ATEX (explosive atmospheres)

• Safety Integrity level (SIL)

• Quantitative Risk Assessment

• Stress analysis

• Fire study

• Earthquake study

• Signing and labeling study

• Lighting

• Lightning protection

• …

Page 80: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

(H&S) Management of Change

1. Identify systems and subsystems affected and their owners

2. Identify associated H&S issues

3. Pre-assess H&S impact if any

4. Revise studies/drawings etc

5. Redo/revise associated safety studies if necessary

6. Confirm H&S impact and mitigation measures

7. Verify/confirm change

8. Record the change and impacts

9. Communicate

10. Confirm response

Page 81: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Page 82: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Health & Safety Coordination during the Construction phase

• Ensure that H&S issues associated with the construction methods (techniques, equipment, materials, personnel, prefabrication, shifts, logistics, etc) and site master plan design are identified and addressed satisfactorily.

• Ensure also that other H&S issues associated with the project environment and personnel in general are identified and addressed satisfactorily.

• Design input/design frozen

• Manage changes

• Appoint the H&S coordinator(s)/Team

• Update Health & Safety File and revise Health & Safety Plan

Page 83: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Health & Safety Coordinator Construction phase

• A person or a team that ensures that H&S issues associated with the construction of the project are identified and addressed satisfactorily.

• Ensure also that other H&S issues associated with the environment in general of the project are identified and addressed satisfactorily.

• Identify involved entities and ensure coordination between them

• Ensure HSF is updated/completed

• Ensure HSP updated/revised

• Monitor that HSP is implemented

Page 84: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Health and Safety Plan during the Construction phase

1. The law

2. The designers

3. The practice • Structured • Friendly • Practicable & Operable • Specific but flexible • Updated • Content • Traceable • Value for money • Useful to Contractors/subsontractors and Supervisors

Page 85: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Health and Safety File during the Design phase

1. The law

2. The designers

3. The practice • Friendly • Practicable & Operable • Specific but flexible • Updated • Content • Traceable • Value for money • Useful to operators

Page 86: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Project Safety Studies

• Revised and updated if necessary

• Confirmed before start up (commissioning)

Page 87: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

(H&S) Management of Change

1. Identify systems and subsystems affected and their owners

2. Identify associated H&S issues

3. Pre-assess H&S impact if any

4. Revise studies/drawings etc

5. Redo/revise associated safety studies if necessary

6. Confirm H&S impact and mitigation measures

7. Verify/confirm change

8. Record the change and impacts

9. Communicate

10. Confirm response

Page 88: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Page 89: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

CONTROL GATE #1 of N

personnel

materials

vehicles

equipment

tools

visitors

External assistance

Trespassers

AOB

Safe pass® Permit to enter

Spec’s Planning &

Timeschedule Arrangements

Custody Monitoring

Risk assessment Emergencies

Ex. Assistance

OK IN

NOT OK

delivery

personnel

constructor

visitors

visitors Re-planning

Documentation Training

Equipment …

Page 90: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

SAFETY ENERGY

«Δός μοι πά στω καί τάν γαν κινήσω»

“Give me place to stand and I will move the earth”

Archimedes 3rd century bc

~ ~

Page 91: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Closing

Thank you for your attention

I hope it was well worth it for you being here tonight

Please keep us posted for any changes we helped to make in your organisation

Dr Georgios Panopoulos

Page 92: Modern Safety Management Holistic approach · Modern Safety Management – Holistic approach . 1951 1991 Objectives Physically (unconsciousness) SAFETY is embedded into one’s way

1951 1991

Η ασφάλεια

είναι πολιτισμός

Safety

is an element of civilisation

Management Force Group

Guvenlik’

uygarligin bir

parcasidir

Bezbednosta e

kultura

Siguria eshte civilizim

السالمة عنصر من عناصر الحضارة

Безопасността

е култура

La sécurité

est un élément

culturel

Sicherheit ist ein Element

der Kultur