+

Mobile Device for Health Care

Lim Shu Qiang A0132408N Ng Ee Xien A0055297W Ng Hwee Shen A1032453N Wang Ming A0055301X Xiao Yu A0034303Y Yu Bin A0110258R

+Agenda

n  Introduction

n  Current Applications and Constraints n  Breath Analyzer

n  Ultrasound

n  Blood Oxygen Level

n  Blood Test (HIV)

n  Glucose

n  Urine Test

n  Near Future

n  Conclusion

Smart Watch GE Healthcare The Vscan portable ultrasound device

Glucose Tracking Apps in Apple App Store

Sources: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2424108,00.asp http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2013/02/07/why-mobile-operators-want-a-healthcare-connection/ http://mhealthwatch.com/att-has-13m-emerging-devices-on-its-network-many-of-which-related-to-mhealth-17453/ http://9to5mac.com/2014/03/17/this-is-healthbook-apples-first-major-step-into-health-fitness-tracking/

+Healthcare Equipment

Past: Stationary, Bulky

In progress: Mobile, Light

Future: Integrated & Smart?

+What’s driving mobile device for healthcare?

MEMS Technology - Better sensors

Development in Smartphones

Healthcare apps - Convenient for self-

monitoring

Increasing awareness in monitoring health

care

Drivers

+Evolution of Smartphone

Simon Personal Communicator (IBM, 1992)

•  Monochrome display •  Stylus •  One hour battery span •  Send and receive emails

and faxes

PhoneWriter Communicator (AT&T, 1995)

•  Origin of the term “smartphone”

•  Interactive display

A mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded apps. --Oxford Dictionary

Nokia 9000 Communicator (1996)

•  First QWERTY keyboard phone •  Navigation keys •  Monochrome display •  Larger screen •  E-mail, fax, web browsing, word processing

and spreadsheets

Ericsson GS 88 (1997) Qualcomm pdQ-1900 (1999) BlackBerry 850 (1999) Ericsson R380 (2000)

Functions become more standardized as a PDA Battery time extended to 2.5 hours talk time

Source: http://pocketnow.com/2014/07/28/the-evolution-of-the-smartphone

+From Enterprise to Consumer

•  Establishment of data plans (GPRS & EDGE)

•  Third-party applications and games

BlackBerry 7210 (2003) •  First colour screen smartphone

LG Prada (2006) •  First capacitive touch screen

Source: International Telecommunications Union

+Smartphone Healthcare Apps

+

http://www.pewinternet.org/2012/11/08/main-findings-6/

+Traditional data gathering

n  Traditional methods of gathering and utilizing data n  Data sampling is low frequency

n  Sampling is irregular

n  Only small sample sizes are built for decision analysis

+Portable handheld sensors

n  Sensors are already going into portable units due to MEMs and Ics n  List of portable sensors

n  Glucosentient-Healthcare

n  DNanylze-Heavy metal water analysis

n  Horiba U-53-Multimeter water analysis

+Health care device physical configuration

Image Analysis

Plug-in Wire/Wireless

connection

Wearable Embedded

http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/

+Agenda

n  Introduction

n Current Applications and Constraints n  Breath Analyzer

n  Ultrasound

n  Blood Oxygen Level

n  Blood Test (HIV)

n  Glucose

n  Urine Test

n  Near Future

n  Conclusion

+Breath Analyzer for Smartphone

n  FDA registered fuel cell sensor

n  Plug into to headphone jack

n  Learn drinking habits, enhance lifestyle

n  $49.9 to $99.9

+Mobile Ultrasound Device

n  Until now, 60% of the world did not have access to ultrasound.

n  Mobisante- the world’s first smartphone-based ultrasound imaging system, the MobiUS™ SP1 ultrasound system.

n  This device has been approved by the FDA

+Mobile Ultrasound Device

n  Small and portable

n  Connected- Images can be quickly shared secure Wi-Fi, cellular networks or USB.

n  Affordable- smaller, more resource-constrained facilities and healthcare teams can offer more complete care

~28,000 USD ~19,000 USD ~7,900 USD ~7,450 USD

+Blood Oxygen Monitoring

n  Anemia

n  Anesthesia monitoring in the third world

n  Death rates from anesthesia remain 100 - 1,000 times higher than developed countries

The Phone Oximeter

+Blood Oxygen Monitoring

n  Ongoing improvement

n  From external infrared detector to smartphone integrated camera

n  More convenience leads to persistent monitoring

n  Lower cost ($40 per unit for the current device)

+Diagnosis of infectious diseases - HIV as an example

n  Conventional Method- Laboratory Blood Test

n  ELISA- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -  The sample will be add on to a petri dish containing the specific

antigen -  If your blood contains antibodies to the antigen, the two will bind

together. -  This can be checked by adding an enzyme to the petri dish and

observing how your blood and the antigen react.

-  If the contents of the dish change color, you may have the condition. How much change the enzyme causes allows to determine the presence and amount of antibody.

+Diagnosis of infectious diseases - HIV as an example

n  Mobile microfluidic chip

n  Streamlining Blood Testing

n  ~15 mins to get the test result

n  ~30mins to train health care workers for how to use

+Diagnosis of infectious diseases - HIV as an example

n  Much lower manufacturing cost

n  Scaling up HIV testing at the community level with immediate antiretroviral therapy could nearly stop HIV transmission and approach elimination of the virus

+Glucose monitoring for diabetes

http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/

 iBGStar  GlucoDock

 Dario

USD75, test strip at USD1.3/piece Euro100

strips, lancet poker, and phone app

•  Analyze data directly on phone app •  Easy to share data with doctors •  Diabetes management: study of blood sugar statistics, pattern and trend

USD69, 100 test strip for USD15

•  Electrochemical biosensor •  ISO 15197:2013 accuracy requirements

+Glucose Monitoring Apps

•  Meal information •  Carbohydrate log •  Alarm

http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/

+Urine Test on Smartphone n  Scanadu Scanaflo

n  99¢ for the apps, $20 for a packet of strips

n  Test for levels of glucose, protein, leukocytes, nitrites, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, microalbumin, creatinine, ketone, specific gravity, and pH in urine

n  Use color to give feedbacks: Green = normal, red = abnormal

n  Urine tract infection, kidney disorders, pregnancy evaluation, etc

Dip Wait Scan Get

+Existing HP based sensors

Mobile Based

Sensors

Sensordrone

Colormetrix

Do-Ra

Mobosens

Tricorder:Bluetooth Based Environmental sensor

Portable Spectrophotometer

Attachable sensor for water contaminants

Attachable personal dosimeter-radiometer

+Constraints n  Cost of components: meter, testing device, disposable test strips,

mobile applications n  Manufacturing cost high due to various design

n  Could sensor and testing be integrated to a chipset in the phone itself?

n  Could different sensors be used to measure blood glucose levels without the need for a lancing mechanism or test strips?

n  Technology – performance, accuracy, precision, data storage and transfer

n  Aesthetics – bulky and cumbersome design

n  Regulatory submission and clearance (FDA, HSA)

n  Data interpretation algorithm and/or physician interaction software/community

+Agenda

n  Introduction

n  Current Applications and Constraints n  Breath Analyzer

n  Ultrasound

n  Blood Oxygen Level

n  Blood Test (HIV)

n  Glucose

n  Urine Test

n Near Future

n  Conclusion

+ Trend - Phone revolution

n  Google’s future smartphones - Ara

+ Trend - Phone revolution

§  Possibility of swapping in specialized components such as a mini sensor device or a heart-rate monitor. The temporary nature of these interchangeable parts means you could pack in different modules for different activities.

+ Trend – Biosensor patents

n  There is rapid increase in patent applications and grants after 1998. Applications and grants have been rising steadily year on year.

+

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 3426--3452

Trend – Materials

§  Rapid development in nanotechnology has lead to production of nano-materials enhanced surface plasma resonance (SPR) sensors.

§  They are used to sense hard-to-detect molecules within the concentration range between picomoles (-12) and attomoles (-18).

+Future Projections

Improvement on various aspects:

n Functionality

n Cost

n User friendly

+

Existing Future

Data checking (Test results)

Early and wide disease diagnosis (Predictive, preventive, diagnostics) Early detection, user friendly with integrated design

Measuring (Blood pressure)

Doctor consultation (Diagnostics) Online service with medicine prescription, medical certificate and report generation

Analysis (Next-generation sequencing (NGS), urine test)

On the spot treatment (Kidney dialysis, heart defibrillator etc)

Monitoring (Heartbeat frequency, blood oxygen)

Improvement in lifestyle (Monitoring) Diet control, calories measuring in food

Functionality

+Future Projections

n Functionality

n Cost

Ø  Decrease in cost for the followings;

Ø  Components such as sensor meters, MEMS and testing devices

Ø  Support features like application designing and programming

Ø  Manufacturing such as component making, integration, packaging followed by end product formation

n User friendly

+ Costs of Carbon Nanotube (Sensors)

n  Cost of CNTs are dropping rapidly. From $30,000 for high purity (~85% purity SWCNTs to<$5000 at the same purity.

n  Depending on the origin of production, it can even go below $2000.

+Future Projections

n Functionality

n Cost

n User friendly

Ø  Decrease use of external support devices

Ø  Aim of an integrated design with just 1 single cell phone

Ø  Ease of use in applications

+ Page 2 of 4

Accuracy •  Higher precision in measurements •  Instant update of data bank •  Perform complex calculations and proofreading of data Storage Capacity •  Larger storage

Efficiency •  Better battery lifespan •  Connectivity / higher response time •  Integrated design / no need for external device •  Portable Functionality •  Expand uses of mobile phone •  Increase variety of applications •  Increase range of detection apart from sensor, vocal and image processing

Improvements

+Ideal product

Detection Sensor – Blood, urine ?!?

Motion Sensor – Ultrasound

Image Sensor

Detachable compartment for drugs and medicine

Ultrasound and X-ray emission

+ Page 2 of 4

Environmental applications (Instant GPS weather forecast with air and humidity sensors) Gaming industry (Virtual character closely linked to players)

Security (DNA reading provides higher level of security) Healthcare Chemical industry (Production of miniature self treatment drugs)

Disruption in new market  

+Conclusion

Monitoring

Preventive

Diagnostics

Predictive Future

+

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