PRESENTATION ON

NAME : BHANU PRATAP SINGHBRANCH : E.I. ROLL NO . : 090105012

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ARCHITECTURE SPECIFICATIONS SECURITY CHARACTERISTICS APPLICATIONS FUTURE

INTRODUCTION

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation.

Aim Of GSM is to replace the incompatible analog system .

Today many providers all over the world use GSM (more than 135 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, America)

ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE

Mobile Station Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Station Subsystem (BSS): Base Transceiver Station Base Station Controller Network Subsystem:

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Authentication Center (AUC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

MOBILE STATION (MS)

• The Mobile Station is made up of two entities: Mobile Equipment (ME)

o The Mobile Equipment is the hardware used by the subscriber to access the network .

o Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)o Smart card containing the International

Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)o Allows user to send and receive calls and

receive other subscribed serviceso Protected by a password or PIN

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM

Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts :

1) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 2) Base Station Controller (BSC)

• Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Houses the radio transceivers that define a cell

Handles radio-link protocols with the Mobile Station

Base Station Controller (BSC)

Manages Resources for BTS , Handles call set up, Location update, Handover for each MS.

NETWORK SUBSYSTEM Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC) MSC performs following functions : Switching and call routing Charging Service provisioning Communication with HLR Communication with the VLR Communication with other MSCs Control of connected BSCs Direct access to Internet services

Home Location Registers (HLR) :

Contains administrative information of each subscriber Most important database

NETWORK SUBSYSTEM Visitor Location Registers (VLR)

o tracks which customers have the phone on and ready to receive a call

o periodically updates the database on which phones are turned on and ready to receive calls

Authentication Center (AUC) o mainly used for securityo data storage location and functional part of the network

Equipment Identity Register (EIR) - Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI ,Made up

of three sub-classes: The White List, The Black List and the Gray List

o Optional database

GSM SPECIFICATIONS

• GSM systems use radio frequencies between 890-915 MHz for receive and between 935-960 MHz for transmit.

• RF carriers are spaced every 200 kHz, allowing a total of 124 carriers for use.

• An RF carrier is a pair of radio frequencies, one used in each direction.

• Transmit and receive frequencies are always separated by 45 MHz .

SECURITY IN GSM

On air interface, GSM uses encryption and TMSI instead of IMSI.

SIM is provided 4-8 digit PIN to validate the ownership of SIM

3 algorithms are specified : - A3 algorithm for authentication

- A5 algorithm for encryption- A8 algorithm for key generation

CHARACTERISTICS OF GSM STANDARD

Fully digital system using 900,1800 MHz frequency band.

TDMA over radio carriers(200 KHz carrier spacing. User/terminal authentication for fraud control. Encryption of speech and data transmission over the

radio path. Full international roaming capability. Low speed data services (up to 9.6 Kb/s). Compatibility with ISDN. Support of Short Message Service (SMS).

ADVANTAGES OF GSM OVER ANALOG SYSTEM

Capacity increases Reduced RF transmission power and longer battery life. International roaming capability. Better security against fraud (through terminal validation

and user authentication.

GSM APPLICATIONS Telemetry System - Fleet management - Automatic meter reading - Toll Collection

Value Added Services

FUTURE OF GSMo 2nd Generation

GSM -9.6 Kbps (data rate)

o 2.5 Generation ( Future of GSM) HSCSD (High Speed circuit Switched data)

Data rate : 76.8 Kbps (9.6 x 8 kbps) GPRS (General Packet Radio service)

Data rate: 14.4 - 115.2 Kbps EDGE (Enhanced data rate for GSM Evolution)

Data rate: 547.2 Kbps (max) o 3 Generation

WCDMA(Wide band CDMA) Data rate : 0.348 – 2.0 Mbps

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