millions fed

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www.ifpri.org/millionsfed A 2020 Vision initiative led by A 2020 Vision initiative led by The International Food Policy Research The International Food Policy Research Institute Institute with support from with support from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

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Slideshow about the IFPRI 2020 Vision initiative project, "Millions Fed" highlighting successes in agricultural development.

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Page 1: Millions fed

www.ifpri.org/millionsfed

A 2020 Vision initiative led byA 2020 Vision initiative led byThe International Food Policy Research InstituteThe International Food Policy Research Institute

with support fromwith support fromThe Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Page 2: Millions fed

www.ifpri.org/millionsfed

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www.ifpri.org/millionsfed

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Fighting a “Shifty Enemy”

The international collaboration to contain wheat rusts

1955–present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Author: H. J. Dubin and John P. Brennan

Stem and leaf rust destroying wheat fields around the world

Global effort leveraging modern science to breed rust-resistant varieties

117 million hectares of land protected from wheat rust;food security for 60-120 million rural households

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Transforming Agriculture

The Green Revolution in Asia

1965–1985

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Author: Peter B. R. Hazell

Asia facing enormous food deficits and threat of famine in the 1950s

Breeding and dissemination of improved rice/wheat varieties, investment in irrigation and roads, and supportive policies

Doubling of cereal yields and output, 1970-95; per capita income increases by 190%; improved food security for 1.8 billion people

IRR

I

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Breeding an “Amaizing” Crop

Improved maize in Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

1965–1990

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Melinda Smale and T. S. Jayne

Smallholders cultivating low-yielding maize varieties and other crops, and facing food insecurity

Breeding and disseminating improved maize varieties suited to local farming conditions and consumer preferences

Annual yields gains of 1-5%; improved maize accounts for 75% of land under cereal cultivation

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MY

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Resisting Viruses and Bugs

Cassava in Sub-Saharan Africa

1971–1989

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Author: Felix Nweke

Spread of mosaic virus disease and mealybug pest generating major losses for cassava, a staple food crop

Breeding of disease-resistant cassava varieties, and introduction of a parasitic wasp to destroy mealybug

Breeding increased yields by 40%; pest control prevented yield losses of 2.5 tons/hectare; 29 million additional people fed

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Seeing the Forest Through the Trees

Community forestry in Nepal

1978–present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Hemant Ojha, Lauren Persha, and Ashwini Chhatre

Population growth and narrow policy focus on forest “conservation” pressure forests

Policy reforms encourage community-based forest management and enterprise development

One-third of Nepal’s population (1.7 million rural households) directly managing over one-fourth of national forest area

Inte

rcoo

pera

tion

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Re-Greening the Sahel

Farmer-led innovation in Burkina Faso and Niger

1980–present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Chris Reij, Gray Tappan, and Melinda Smale

Crop failure and soil erosion due to droughts (and poor agricultural management techniques)

Rediscovery and diffusion of traditional community-based agroforestry, water, and soil management practices

More than 5 million hectares transformed; 3 million additional people fed

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is R

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rsity

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Innovating in the Pampas

Zero-tillage soybean cultivation in Argentina

1989–present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Eduardo Trigo, Eugenio Cap, Valeria Malach, and Federico Villarreal

Intensive agricultural production threatens soil fertility in the Pampas region

Improved soybean varieties and widespread adoption of zero-tillage cultivation practices

22 million hectares sustainably cultivated, contributing to low global prices; Argentina becomes a world leader in soybean production

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ll/W

orld

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Leaving the Plow Behind

Zero-tillage rice-wheat cultivation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains

1995–present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Author: Olaf Erenstein

Stagnating productivity growth in rice-wheat systems due to soil degradation and rising costs

Introduction of new crop management techniques to conserve water and soil fertility and reduce costs

New techniques adopted by 620,000 farmers cultivating 1.8 million hectares; annual income gains of up to $340 per household

IRR

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Pumping up Production

Shallow tubewells and rice in Bangladesh

1989–present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Author: Mahabub Hossain

Extreme population pressures on declining arable land and unpredictable monsoons, flooding, and drought

Reduction of import restrictions on irrigation equipment and dissemination of improved dry season rice (boro)

67% reduction in tubewell costs; doubling of rice production; 22 million additional people fed every year

IRR

I

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Pushing the Yield Frontier

Hybrid rice in China

1977-present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Jiming Li, Yeyun Xin, and Longping Yuan

Declines in arable land, rapid population growth, and rising food demand makes increasing rice production a priority

High-yielding hybrid rice developed and commercialized

Average yield increases of 15-31%; 63% of rice cultivation now under hybrids; 60 million additional people fed annually

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th W

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r/U

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Improving Crops for Arid Lands

Pearl millet and sorghum in India

Mid-1960s–present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Carl E. Pray and Latha Nagarajan

Limited rainfall, irrigation and fertilizer in arid lands results in low cereal yields and output

Breeding improved millet and sorghum varieties and liberalization of seed market regulations

Increased yields, output, and incomes for 9 million households; improved varieties cover 80% of planted area

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anda

Kin

g/IF

PR

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Navigating through Reforms

Cotton reforms in Burkina Faso

1992–2006

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Jonathan Kaminsky, Derek Headey, and Tanguy Bernard

Gradual introduction of reforms: strengthening of farmers’ organizations, capacity building, and market liberalization

Tripling of cotton production; 235,000 agricultural jobs created; 1.8 million additional people food secure

Inefficient state management of cotton industry results in low returns to cotton farmers

Arn

e H

oel/

Wor

ld B

ank

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Unlocking the Market

Fertilizer and maize in Kenya

1990–2007

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Joshua Ariga and T.S. Jayne

Inefficient state management of maize and fertilizer markets limits returns to smallholders

Reduction in government’s role in markets, dissemination of improved varieties, and investment in rural infrastructure

33% increased use of fertilizer by small farmers between 1996-2007; 18% increase in maize yields

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Counting on Beans Mungbean improvement in Asia

1980s–present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Subramanyam Shanmugasundaram, J. D. H. Keatinge, and Jacqueline d'Arros Hughes

Protein- and iron-rich legumes neglected, despite contribution to diets and soil fertility

International research program with active farmer participation disseminating improved varieties suited to different agroecological conditions across Asia

Yield gains of 28-55% for 1.5 million farmers; 35% increase in Asian mungbean production

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orld

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Conquering the Cattle Plague

The global effort to eradicate rinderpest

1950–2001

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Peter Roeder and Karl Rich

Highly contagious livestock disease killing 95% of the animals it infects as it spreads across Asia and Africa

Coordinated global effort to develop improved vaccine, surveillance systems, and protect livestock-based livelihoods

Only time an infectious disease has been eradicated since smallpox; 40 million poor livestock keepers benefitted

Pet

er R

oede

r

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Connecting the Milk Grid

Smallholder dairy in India

1970–1996

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Author: Kenda Cunningham

Dairy demand outpacing supply; smallholders unable to access national dairy markets

Creation of a national milk grid and organization of dairy cooperatives to improve production and marketing

India becomes a top global dairy producer; incomes double for 9 million direct beneficiaries, 73% of whom are landless farmers

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Farming the Aquatic Chicken

Improved tilapia in the Philippines

1988–1997

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Author: Sivan Yosef

Overuse and overexploitation of marine fish stocks endangers fish supplies

Selective breeding and wide distribution of genetically improved tilapia within the region

Production increases of 186%; lower prices for tilapia benefitting 19-23 million consumers

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ish

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Crossing the River While Feeling the Rocks

Land-tenure reform in China

1978–1984

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Author: John W. Bruce and Zongmin Li

Widespread food shortages and low farm productivity after more than 30 years of collective agriculture

Policy reforms reintroducing household farming, returning more than 95% of farmland to 160 million rural households

1978-84: increase in grain production by 34%; increase in rural incomes by 137%; reduction in rural poverty by 22%

Qila

i She

n/P

AN

OS

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Exiting from Collective Agriculture

Land-tenure reform in Vietnam

1988–1993

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Michael Kirk and Nguyen Do Anh Tuan

Food insecurity resulting from low output under collective farming

Reforms that led to decollectivization, land-tenure security, and new economic incentives

Annual agricultural growth averaging 3.8% between 1986-2005; reduction in national poverty by 21%

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Diversifying into Healthy Diets Homestead food production in Bangladesh

1990–present

• Challenge:

• Innovation:

• Impact:

Authors: Lora Iannotti, Kenda Cunningham, and Marie Ruel

Micronutrient deficiencies and poor diet quality, especially among women and children

Home gardening of micronutrient-rich vegetables, small livestock production, and nutrition education

Tripling of vegetable production among program participants; improved food security for 5 million people

Hel

en K

elle

r In

tern

atio

nal

Page 29: Millions fed

www.ifpri.org/millionsfed

A 2020 Vision initiative led byA 2020 Vision initiative led byThe International Food Policy Research InstituteThe International Food Policy Research Institute

with support fromwith support fromThe Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Page 30: Millions fed

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The case studies presented here are drawn The case studies presented here are drawn from the from the Millions Fed Millions Fed book (2009). To access book (2009). To access the book and other project resources, please the book and other project resources, please

visit:visit:

www.ifpri.org/millionsfed